March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8099
HOUSE OF REPRE ~ SENTATIVE ~ S-Monday, March 31, 1969 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Mexico from April 2 through April 8, To the Congress of the United States: The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, 1969, in lieu of Mr. BAYH and Mr. MUR It is my sad duty to inform you offici D.D., offered the following prayer: PHY, excused. ally of the death of Dwight David Eisen Yea, though I walk through the valley hower, the thirty-fourth President of the ot the shadow of death, I will tear no evil: TRANSFER OF SPECIAL ORDER United States. tor Thou art with me.-Psalm 23: 4. We have lost a great leader, a great Almighty and Eternal God, the com Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan friend and a great man. I know there are forter of Thy children and the strength imous consent thS~t the special order many members of the Congress who had of those who put their trust in Thee, we granted to me for Wednesday may be the privilege of serving under his military assemble this day with sorrow in our transferred to tomorrow. leadership, and who later, during his hearts at the passing of General of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to eight years as President, shared with Army Dwight David Eisenhower, our be the request of the gentleman from him in the building of a better America. loved 34th President. Even in the sad Oklahoma? He had a profound respect for the tradi ness of farewell we think fondly of him There was no objection. tions, the institutions and the instru who walked so worthily in our midst and ments of our Nation. He leaves to the who served so well as the leader of our POSTPONEMENT OF SPECIAL Congress and to all Americans the spirit country. ORDERS of patriotism and statesmanship beyond party which marked his entire career. As We mourn his passing because he re Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan fiected in his own personality the tradi we grieve at his death, we all will recall imous consent that the special orders that spirit, which can guide and sustain tion of a free people and revealed in his scheduled for today be postponed until life the shrine of our Nation's faith and us in our tasks ahead. He has been an in hope. tomorrow. spiration to us all, and ours is a better The SPEAKER. Is there objection to government because he walked among We thank Thee for him, for his cour the request of the gentleman from age of mind and heart, for his strength us. Oklahoma? RICHARD NIXON. of character, for his desire to do what he There was no objection. firmly believed to be right and for his TI;IE WHITE HOUSE, March 28, 1969. devotion to his family and to his country. Certainly our United States is a better GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND-AND GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND ON TRmUTE TO THE LATE HONORABLE nS~tion-stronger and freer-because he DWIGHT DAVID EISENHOWER lived and led us in war and in peace. THE LIFE AND CHARACTER OF So we honor the memory of this great FORMER PRESIDENT DWIGHT The SPEAKER. The gentleman from and good man, "who more than self his DAVID EISENHOWER Pennsylvania (Mr. MoRGAN) will assume country loved," and in so doing we dedi Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan the chair. cate ourselves anew to Thee and to our The SPEAKER pro tempore mourning but also in the Senate had passed without amend Clerk of the House of Representatives: gratitude. We mourn Dwight Eisenhower's ment a joint resolution of the House of MARcH 28, 1969. death. But we are grateful for his life. the following title: The Honorable the SPEAKER, We gather also conscious of the fact that, H.J. Res. 584. Joint resolut ion making a U.S. House of Representati ves: in paying tribute to Dwight Eisenhower, we supplemental appropriation for the fiscal year DEAR Sm: I have the honor to transmit celebrate greatness. When we think of his ending June 30, 1969, and for other purposes. herewith a sealed envelope addressed to the place in history, we think inevitably of the Speaker of the House of Representatives other giants of those days of World War ll. The message also announced that the from the President of the United States, re And we think of the qualities of greatness Vice President, pursuant to Public Law ceived in the Clerk's omce at 3:85 p.m., on and what his were that made his unique 170, 74th Congress, appointed Mr. BAYH Friday, March 28, 1969, and said to contain among all. as a delegate on the part of the Senate to a message from the President wherein he in Once, perhaps without intending to do so, forms the Congress of the death of former he himself put his finger on it. attend the Interparliamentary Union President Eisenhower. It was 1945, shortly after VE Day at a Meeting to be held in Vienna, Austria, With kind regards, I am ceremony in London's historic Guildhall. The April 7 through Aprill3, 1969. Sincerely, triumphant Supreme Commander of the The message also announced that the W. PAT JENNINGS, Olerk. Allied Forces in Europe was ofilcially given Vice President, pursuant to Public Law the freedom of the city of London. 77-250, appointed Mr. HRUSKA to be a In an eloquent address that day, Dwight member of the Joint Committee on Re OFFICIAL NOTIFICATION OF THE Eisenhower said: duction of Nonessential Federal Expendi DEATH OF DWIGHT DAVID EISEN "I come from the heart of America." tures in lieu of Mr. ALLOTT, resigned. HOWER, THE 34TH PRESIDENT OF MEANING FOR AMERICANS The message also announced that the THE UNITED STATES-MESSAGE Perhaps no one sentence could better sum Vice President, pursuant to Public Law FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE up what Dwight Eisenhower meant to a UNITED STATES whole generation of Americans. He did come 86--420, appointed Mr. BYRD of West Vir- from the heart of America, not only from its ginia and Mr. JAVITS to attend the Mex The SPEAKER laid before the House geographical heart but from its spiritual ico-United States Interparliamentary the following message from the President heart. He exemplified what millions of par Conference to be held in three cities in of the United States: ents hoped that their sons would be--strong 8100 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 and courageous and honest and compassion us who worked with him than to the rest of Some men are considered great because ate. the world. He was a strong man. He was they lead great armies, or they lead powerful And with his own great qualities of heart, shrewd. He was decisive. Time and again I nations. For eight years now, Dwight Eisen he personified the best in America. It is, I have seen him make decisions that probably hower has neither commanded an army nor think, a special tribute to Dwight Eisenhower made the difference between war and peace led a nation. And yet he remained through that, despite all of his great deeds and his for America and the world. his final days the world's most admired and triumphs, we find ourselves today thinking That was always when he was at his best. respected man, truly the firSit citizen of the first, not of his deeds, but of his character. No matter how heated the arguments were, world. It was the character of the man-not what he was always then the coolest man in the SOURCE OF HIS GREATNESS he dtd, but what he was--that so capttc"ed room. Dwight Eisenhower was that rarest of As we marvel at this, it leads us again the trust and faith and affection of his own men-an authentic hero. Wars bring the to ponder the mysteries of greatness. Dwight people and of the people of the woX'ld. names of many men into the headlines and of Eisenhower's greatness derived not from his Dwight Eisenhower touched something those some few become national or even in office but from his character, from a unique fundamental in America which only a man ternational heroes, but as the years then pass moral force that transcended national bound of immense force of mind and spirit could their fame goes down. aries, even as his own deep concern for have brought so vibrantly alive. He was a STATURE CONTINUED TO GROW humanity transcended national boundaries. product of America's soil, and of its ideals, But not so with Dwight Eisenhower. As His life reminds us that there is a moral driven by a compulsion to do right and to force in this world more powerful than the do well, a man of deep faith who believed in the years passed his stature grew. Com mander of the mightiest expeditionary force might of arms, or the wealth of nations. God and trusted in his will, a man who truly This man who led the most powerful armies loved his country and for whom words like ever assembled, receiver of the surrender of the German armies in World War II, presi that the world has ever seen; this man who freedom and democracy were not cliches led the most powerful nation in the world; but they were living truths. dent of Columbia University, Supreme Com mander of NATO, 34th President of the this essentially good and gentle and kind I know Mrs. Eisenhower would permit man-that moral force was his greatness. me to share with you the last words she spoke United States-the honors, the offices, were there in abundance. Every trust that the For a quarter of a century to the very end to him on the day he died. of his life, Dwight Eisenhower exercised a He said, "I've always loved my wife. I've American people had it in their power to be stow, he was given. moral authority without parallel in America always loved my children. I've always loved and in the world. my grandchildren. And I have always loved And, yet, he always retained a saving humilLty. And America and the world is better be my country." That was Dwight Eisenhower. cause of him. His was the humility not of fear but of LAST WORDS QUOTED confidence. He walked with the great of the And, so, today we render our final salute. He was a man who gave enormously of world and he knew that the great are human. It is a fond salute to a man we loved and himself. His way of relaxing from the intense His was the humility of a man too proud to cherished. It is a grateful salute to a man pressures of office or command was to do be arrogant. whose whole extraordinary life was conse something else intensely-whether as a fierce The pursuit of peace was uppermost in crated to service. competitor on the golf course or executing his mind when he ran for the Presidency, and It is a profoundly respectful salute to a one of those hauntingly beautiful paintings it was uppermost in his conduct of that man larger than life who by any standard that he did with such meticulous care. office. was one of the giants of our time. People loved Dwight Eisenhower. But the And it is a tribute to his skill and deter Each of us here will have a special memory other side of this coin was that he loved mination that not since the 1930's has the of Dwight Eisenhower. people. He had the great leader's capacity to nation enjoyed so long a period of peace both I can see him now standing erect, straight, bring out the best in people. He had the at home and abroad as the one that began proud and tan 16 years ago as he took the great humanist's capacity to inspire people. in 1953 and continued through his Presi oath of office as the 34th President of the to cheer them, to give them lift. I remember dency. United States of America. for example, just a few months ago when 1 As commander of the mightiest allied force We salute Dwight David Eisenhower stand asked all of the members of the Cabinet to ever assembled, he was the right man at the ing there in our memories-first in war, go out and call on him. And each of them right place at the right time. And as Presi first in peace and, wherever freedom is returned with wonder and admiration and dent once again, he was the right man at the cherished, first in the hearts of his fellow said, "You know, I went out there to cheer right place and at the right time. men. him up and instead I found he cheered He restored calm to a divided nation. He Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, the me up." gave Americans a new measure of self sense of loss that a1H.icts this great Na His great love of people was rooted in his respect. He invested his office with dignity tion when a man who has occupied its faith. He had a deep faith in the goodness and respect and trust. He made Americans of God and in the essential goodness of man proud of their President, proud of their coun Chief Magistracy passes to his eternal re as a creature of God. This feeling toward try, proud of themselves. ward has a profoWld and touching ef people had another side. In the political And if we in America were proud of Dwight fect upon us. In the death of Dwight world strong passions are the norm. And all Eisenhower it was partly because he made us David Eisenhower we see once again too often these turn toward personal vin proud of America. He came from the heart of how deeply run the feelings of Ameri dictiveness. People often disagreed witlt America and he gave expression to the heart cans, how fervently wells in their hearts Dwight Eisenhower, but almost nobody ever of America and he touched the hearts of the a love of coWltry, and how measureless hated him. And this, I think, was because world. is their fWldamental respect for their he himself was a man who did not know how Many leaders are known and respected to hate. Oh, he could be aroused by a cause outside their own countries. Very few are greatest leaders. Has any monarch of the but he could not hate a person. He could loved outside their own countries. Dwight kingdoms of old, has any tyrant of the disagree strongly, even passionately, but Eisenhower was one of those few. totalitarianisms of yesterday or of to never personally. He was probably loved by more people in day, ever evoked by his demise the grief When people disagreed with him, he never more parts of the world than any President that has been experienced by all of us thought of them as enemies. He simply America has ever had. He captured the deep at President Eisenhower's passing? thought, they don't agree with me. est feelings of free men everywhere. The forebears of the man who was to I remember, time after time, when critics PRINCIPLES HE STOOD FOR of one sort or another were misrepresenting lead the most massive invasion in the him or revillng him, he would sit back In his The principles he believed in, the ideals he history of the world left Germany be chair, and with that wonderful half-smile stood for, these were bigger than his own cause of religious persecution. They set and half-frown, he'd say: "I'm puzzled by country. Perhaps he himself put it best again tled, during the eighties of the 18th cen in that Guildhall speech in 1945. tury, in Pennsylvania. General Eisen those fellows." He said then: And he was genuinely puzzled by frenzy "Kinship among nations is not deter hower's grandfather migrated to Kansas and by hate; because he was incapable of it mined in such measurements as proximity, in 1878, and in Kansas the young Amer himself, he couldn't ever quite understand it size and age. Rather, we should turn to those ican who was to be his country's 34th in others. inner things--call them wbMi you will-! President grew to manhood. He was AN AUTHENTIC HERO mean those intangibles that are the real graduated from the U.S. Military Acad The last time I saw him that was what he treasures that free men possess. To preserve emy in 1915 and pursued one of the most talked about. He was puzzled by the hatreds h1s freedom of worship, his equality before distinguished military careers in this he had seen in our times. And he said the the law, his Uberty to speak and act as he coWltry's history. He led the invasion of thing the world needs most today is under sees fit, subject only to provisions that he standing, and ability to see the other per not trespass upon similar rights of others, north Africa and the invasion of Europe, son's point of view, and not to hate him a Londoner will fight and so will a citizen both with stunning success. His over because he disagrees. That was Dwight of Abilene. whelming personal popularity among his Eisenhower. "When we consider these things, then the admiring coWltrymen brought him to the And, yet, of course, he was more than all valley of the Thames draws closer to the Presidency for two terms. that. He had a side more evident to those of farms of Kansas and the plains of Texas." His life is an example for all Amer- March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8101 icans, particularly of the younger gen ney of life, one who took it with vision the Battle of Gettysburg and recalling eration to follow. and foresight, and who took it with for them some of the fascinating high The policies that he followed as Presi courage and determination. This was a lights of his full career. He had a way dent of the United States were enunci man of indomitable will, a man of ex with young people, and Mike and Jack ated forcefully and unambiguously in his traordinary courage, who always kept were drawn to him because he never first state of the Union message on Feb foremost in his mind the flag of our talked down to them and because he was ruary 2, 1953, and never once did he country and, as he referred to it on past so clearly interested in them and their waver from them. Down the long years occasions, everything that our flag stands opinions. I have often thought that if those words of his return to our recollec for. He has taken the journey into the General Eisenhower had not become tions as an apotheosis of the man, the great beyond, but the memory of Dwight President, we would be eulogizing him soldier, the statesman, the humanitarian, David Eisenhower as citizen, soldier, for his great service on behalf of all man the leader in peace and war, the Presi statesman, and as a human being with kind and for his leadership as a great dent whom we have lost in death: great love for his fellow men will always_ university president or for some other As our heart summons our strength, our live in the minds of men and women conspicuous and dedicated service in the wisdom must direct it. There is, in world af everywhere, particularly those who want postwar years. fairs, a steady course to be followed between to be free under their own law. As President for 8 years, he was always an assertion of strength that is truculent and Again, for myself and all of my col mindful of the younger men in Govern a confession of helplessness that is cowardly. leagues, and for Mrs. McCormack, I ex ment, always attentive to their views and There is, in our affairs at home, a middle tend to Mrs. Eisenhower and her loved conscious of his duty to bring them along way between untrammeled freedom of the in ones my deep sympathy in their great the path of future service. He made the dividual and the demands for the welfare of the whole nation. This way must avoid gov loss and sorrow. once ceremonial office of the Vice Presi ernment by bureaucracy as carefully as it Mr. Speaker, I now yield to the gentle dency into an important adjunct of the avoids neglect of the helpless. In every area of man from Michigan (Mr. GERALD R. Chief Executive, and those of us who were political action, free men must think before FORD). younger Members of Congress during his they can expect to win. In this spirit must we Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, days in the White House will remember live and labor: confident of our strength, the tributes that already have been how closely he watched our performance compassionate in our heart, clear in our given in memory of Dwight David Eisen and how sympathetically he considered mind. In this spirit, let us together turn to hower have been so heartfelt and so mov our problems. the great tasks before us. ing that it is difficult to say more. This In recent years it was my privilege to In the sunset of his years, this great was my feeling after hearing President serve with him on the national Republi American has recounted for us how, as a Nixon's eulogy in the rotunda on Sunday. can coordinating committee, and there West Point plebe, he experienced a sud I feel the same way now after hearing was no man of this group more faithful den sense of pride in his country's flag the fine and kind words of our beloved in attendance or more spirited in debate and commenced the lifetime of devotion Speaker. than the former President. Yet he never to its causes that made him one of the There is, however, one aspect of the sought to dominate our discussion. What bright and shining heroes of our national late President's remarkable character on stands out in my mind most vividly with life. which I would like to comment. It is the regard to General Eisenhower's contribu The plebes assembled toward evening great interest he had in the warm con tions were the times when we on the of that long-ago day of June 14, 1911, fidence he showed in America's young committee were tempted by an excess of and, as a member of that group whom we people. As commander of allied forces partisan zeal to swing a haymaker at the knew best has told us: in World War II, he had led hundreds of current occupant of the White House. In With the American :flag :floating majesti thousands of young men in battle; he such circumstances the general would cally above us, we were sworn in as cadets of knew what they could do and the dedi gently remind the rest of us: the U.S. Military Academy. It was an impres cation and sacrifice of which youth is Well, gentlemen, 1! I were sitting in that sive ceremony. As I looked up at our national capable, so it is no wonder that he be chair I wouldn't like that one bit. Remember, colors and swore my allegiance, I realized lieved in them as he did. Because he had he is the President of the United States. humbly that now I belonged to the :flag. It is seen firsthand the sacrifices of youth a moment I have never forgotten. and the struggle for peace he had no It is the true measure of General doubts about the youth of the past nor Eisenhower's greatness that he cannot Dwight David Eisenhower's devotion to easily be compared with any of our other his country was the motivation of a life those of the coming generation. He was not dismayed by the ill-advised activi national heroes. He had the dignity and time in its service. His belief in his coun integrity of General Washington, but his try's ideals led him to its Presidency. His ties of the small minority among our youth because he knew the overwhelm beginnings were as humble as Lincoln's. belief in the worth of his fellow man, his ing majority were as dedicated to Amer His dedication to free government was religious idealism, his unaffected ways, ica as he himself. Frequently he called as deep as Jefferson's and his vision of a his natural leadership, his magnetic the youth of the past and particularly world at peace as profound as Wilson's. smile, his stanch courage, endeared him the youth of the future the finest gen But an authentic hero must be unique, to his countrymen who always had a spe erations of young Americans this Na and Dwight David Eisenhower was, above cial place for him in their affections. That tion has ever produced. all, himself. Those who once complained special place, now vacant, is full of It is curious that although he was he was no politician now know that this, sorrow. older in years than any of our other being true to one's own best self, is the On March 29, 1969, I sent the following Presidents when he left the White House, best politics of all. telegram: General Eisenhower was younger in Mrs. Ford and I express our deepest sympathy to Mrs. Eisenhower and the Mrs. DWIGHT DAVID EISENHOWER, spirit and attitude than many men half Washington, D.C.: his age. He once observed that no man is family. America has lost one of its great DEAR MRS. EISENHOWER: In the passing of truly a man who does not have some est sons and all mankind one of its finest your beloved and distinguished husband, the thing of a boy in him, and he never lost leaders. Nation has lost one of its most outstanding his competitive drive, his enthusiasm. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the statesman and military leader who served his and his great capacity for friendship. distinguished Speaker, the gentleman country with sound judgment and courage in from Massachusetts, yield? peace and in war. Your dear husband will al One day, after the general had laid ways occupy a foremost position in American down the burdens of the Presidency, Mrs. Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the dis and in world history. For myself personally Ford and I visited Gettysburg with our tinguished majority leader ~ and as Speaker of the U.S. House of Repre two oldest boys, Mike and Jack. I had Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, when word sentatives and for the Members thereof I ex arranged an appointment with the gen reached us on Friday last that President tend to you and your beloved ones our deep eral because we wanted them to have an Eisenhower had died I think my reaction sympathy in your bereavement. opportunity to shake hands with and see must have been similiar to that of just JoHN W. McCoRMACK, at close range this great American, but about every man, woman, and child in Speaker, U.S. House of Representatives. we had not expected in this courtesy call this country. I felt a sense of deep per We are all deeply touched. Not only the to take but a few minutes of his time. sonal grief. I felt that someone close to country but the world stops and pauses Instead, General Eisenhower kept us for me had gone. A strong pillar which for so to pay tribute to one who took the jour- almost 2 hours, detailing for our two sons long had helped to support the genera- 8102 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 tion to which I belonged had been pulled most instinctively turned. Though pa engendered a faith in him among men down. tient and unassuming, he was uniformly everywhere and assures him a foremost Now that his last days on earth have successful in accomplishing every im place in history. His nobility of character ended we see Dwight David Eisenhower portant job he ever undertook, and very and sincerity of purpose-that all men in the total spectrum. important jobs, indeed, did he undertake: are born equal and endowed by their We see Eisenhower, the President supreme Allied commander 1n Europe in Maker with a right to be free-endeared Eisenhower, the general-and Eisen World War II, Chief of Sta:tr, supreme him to the peoples of the world and hower, the man. commander and organizer of NATO, and earned for him their lasting gratitude. It is difficult at this point in history President of the United States. He had He exemplified the finest qualities of to assess the Eisenhower Presidency. In attributes of character and experience America and of all Americans. His con my opinion, given the perspective of time, which engendered confidence in every tribution to a better America and a better Dwight D. Eisenhower as President will one who ever saw him. world was not solely on the field of battle be rated much higher than many con First of all, he was likable. Everybody nor in the councils of government, but temporary historians have seen fit to liked Ike. He was probably the most be also in the high quality of his moral rate him in his lifetime. It is true that loved President since Washington. In the leadership. on the domestic front there were not second place, he was never a petty par It is not we alone who mourn his loss. spectacular new developments during the tisan. Although he was finally convinced The humblest and the highest every Eisenhower years comparable to those of that he could best serve his country by where, around the globe, share our the Roosevelt-Truman period before him, running for President on the Republican national grief. and the Kennedy-Johnson period after ticket, he seemed to abhor traditional He was a constant inspiration to me him. Nor can it be said that there were party politics. In his splendid esstcy' on and to all of us who were privileged to major changes in the broad outlines of the American Presidency Harold J. Laski work with him as our President. President Truman's foreign policy. How pointed out in substance that the Amer For 8 years during his Presidency I was ever, it must be said of President Eisen ican people disliked extreme partisanship privileged to work closely with him. I hower that he presided over the longest in their Presidents. Mr. Eisenhower was looked forward to the weekly leadership period of peace which our people have probably the least partisan President meetings at the White House. However enjoyed since the late 1930's. since George Washington. More signif grave the matters discussed, he instilled As a military leader General Eisen icant than all those facts perhaps, is the in us confidence that what needs be done hower earned a unique place in the his fact that the American people, and in could be done. He was always under tory of the Nation and in the history of deed the people of all the world on both standing of different points of view and warfare. It may be that other generals sides of the Iron Curtain, had confidence always objective as to what he hoped and have been greater strategists and tacti in the judgment and competence of Gen desired to do legislatively. He sought to cians, more capable field commanders, eral Eisenhower. From his broad experi do only that which was in the best in but in the overpowering job of organiz ences in war and in NATO, as a result terests of our great country. ing, consolidating, and leading diverse of his unparalleled knowledge of mili I was also privileged to play golf with interests and nationalities to sure and tary and political leaders around the him many, many times. Golf is a game he final victory against nazism, he stands world, General Eisenhower had devel loved. It is often in a game, such as golf, in my opinion without peer in modem oped a vast reserve of knowledge which that one gets to know his friend or adver history. gave him unique qualifications to make sary under the best and worst of circum From D-day to'V-E Day he took per proper decisions when questions of war stances, when one's skill and persever sonal responsibility and is entitled to and peace were hanging in the balance. ance is being tested. He was a terrific personal credit for the success of every This, in my opinion, caused the American competitor. He was one who always with major decision. people to trust him, and it caused the every shot attempted to do his best. He It was General Eisenhower, the soldier, leaders of every nation to respect him. played the game both hard and fair. And who, in the face of threatening weather This, it seems to me, was a most impor this is how he played the game of life, reports, personally made the decision to tant factor in Eisenhower's Presidency always fairly, with determination and cross the channel on June 6, 1944. and one that historians will have to take purpose. For President Eisenhower I had It was Eisenhower, the military leader, into account in assessing his total con the greatest respect, admiration, and who shaped concerted and effective ac tributions to America and to the world. love. He was one of the greatest men I tion from the work of many great field Until the day he died, President Eisen have ever known. We are all the richer commanders of highly different views hower was beloved across his native land. from having known him and for having We still cherish and will long cherish had him as our leader. and talents. his memory. He still lives in the hearts It was Eisenhower, the statesman, who Mrs. Arends joins me in extending our of his countrymen. most sincere sympathy the family. could win effective cooperation from the We in this Chamber now salute this to hands of all the Allied governments. His great and noble man who sleeps today Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the dis weapons were those of persuasion, pa in honor and glory beneath the historic tinguished gentleman from Louisiana tience, and firmness. dome of this magnificent building with Abraham Lincoln. sonal friend. humble origins to her highest om.ce. As Walt Whitman said of Lincoln, we can Not since Gen. George Washington has Bismarck once observed that genuinely say of him: One "never sees that man America known a servant of the people, great men are known by three signs without feeling that he is one to become both in war and in peace, more dedicated generosity in the design, humanity 1n personally attached to, for h1s combina to his country than Gen. Dwight D. the execution, moderation in success. tion of purest, heartiest tenderness and Eisenhower. These, I believe, were the hallmarks of native western form of manliness." His leadership, and the deep sincerity General Eisenhower's long and produc Here was a man to whom people al- of his devotion to the cause of freedom, tive life. March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8103 The natural grief we feel on the loss no government programs of relief. No He never severed those early ties. The of this great leader is, I think, tempered one was called to Abilene by special lessons he had learned in youth helped by our knowledge that few men live such privilege, and practically no one was ever him achieve good works throughout his long and accomplished lives. asked to leave. Men came there for better distinguished career of public service. In times of peace, in times of war-in opportunity than they had ever known, THE YEARS IN UNIFORM all times of great national need-Dwight and they stayed because that opportunity From the time he boarded the train at Eisenhower gave fully and generously of came to them if they worked. Abilene bound for West Point until he his rich resources of leadership. For his Men were respected for what they did resigned as Allied commander in Europe fellow man, he defended freedom, won themselves, and the lessons of Eisen to seek the Presidency, Eisenhower was victory, brought peace, and established hower's youth were practical lessons. throughout an Army man. During 2 in security. No one, it would seem, could Frugality, good commonsense, hard tervening years as president of Columbia presume to do more. work, respect for knowledge, and atten University, he had been restive. Presi He was, indeed, one of the great men tion to the teachings of the Bible were dent Truman's call for his return to of modem times, and I consider it one of hallmarks of human dignity in Abilene active duty had been welcome. the high honors of my life to have known those days. He was an Army man in the :finest tra him. In 1890, the year Dwight Eisenhower dition, and yet his style of command was To his widow and his family, I join was born, the Populist movement was somehow distinctive. Nobody ever dared my colleagues in expressing our sorrow strong in the Midwest. Five Members of wave at any other five-star general and on his passing and our gratitude for hav Congress and one U.S. Senator were shout, "Hi, there, Pal," yet everybody ing shared him with us. elected from Kansas on the Populist yelled, "Hi , there, Ike." He always Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I now ticket that year. The party achieved a grinned at them and waved back. Per yield to the gentleman from Kansas (Mr. clear majority in the lower house of the haps that was the difference. MIZE). state legislature, and courthouses were Early in his "yearling" or sophomore Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, last Friday, well staffed with adherents to the cause. year at West Point, he was revolted at March 28, 1969, Dwight David Eisen Prevailing adverse economic conditions the humiliation he had infiicted upon an hower, General of the Army, the 34th could not be squared with the abundance unfortunate plebe and vowed to refrain President of the United States, loving of rich Kansas farmland, the competence from harshly reprimanding any other husband and gentle father, the beloved of the people, and their commitment to victim of West Point's indoctrination leader of his people in war and peace, fair dealing and hard work. system. For his 3 remaining years at the passed from this life. Most Kansans fervently believed that Academy, he kept the resolution. His death saddens free men every low farm prices were unconscionable, While a junior officer, Eisenhower pre where, for he did as much as any man to that the railroads and bankers held too ferred assignments with the troops protect and perpetuate human freedom. much power, and that foreclosures were rather than prized staff positions that He dedicated his entire life to it. unsufferable and had to be regulated for carried certain promotion with them. Dwight Eisenhower carried our bur the protection of small businessmen and Throughout his military career, he had dens upon his strong, broad back. He was farmers. an almost mystical capacity to capture bigger than life, and he cared. His work By the time Eisenhower was a teen the affection of his subordinates for freedom was done will1ngly-ea ager, the political movement had waned. whether a platoon or an entire army gerly-and done exceedingly well. But the code of Populist idealism as well as their respect and allegiance. We pay tribute to his accomplishments reverence for work and respect for the This affection, which he returned and today, and our tributes are fond tributes. people who did the work-was firmly appreciated, was perhaps not unusual The affection which Americans held for established. for the man whose roots were so deeply Ike was genuine, and the loss we suffer Those views that had swept Kansas imbedded in the mainstream of hu with his passing is the loss of a good like a prairie fire were widely debated manity. friend. That is the most grievous loss that during Eisenhower's youth-albeit with He viewed that stream as many, anyone can sustain. some restraint by that time-at the many individuals, working together for THE YEARS IN ABILENE Chautauquas, the meeting halls, the a common goal. He never regarded a Eisenhower naturally liked people and husking bees, and no doubt at the regiment or a republic as a "mass of respected them. He enjoyed the company creamery where he worked after school. people," but rather as a very special of kings, of presidents, and prime minis Walter T. K. Nugent, in his study of selection of unique and important indi ters, and was at home with the lions of Kansa.s populism, gave this description viduals. No wonder his troops, and later industry. He sought no less the compan of the prevalent notions of the time: his countrymen, were so unstinting and ionship of students, farmers, workers, The Populist belief consisted of a feeling unswerving in their loyalty to him, their schoolteachers, small businessmen, and that the United States was a different kind affection for him. of political society from any tha,.t had ever He, of all the professionals in the U.S. the troops. He gained strength from all of existed before and therefore more worth them. preserving than any previous one. America Army, was the logical choice to lead In his youth, he knew no social strati was not just another nation-state but an that force of citizen-soldiers, that force fication, no class distinction. No one was embodiment of certain ideals. It was an em of workers and farmers and clerks and his "better"-no one was held in low bodiment of democratic republlcani.sm: a businessmen, that was to liberate Europe esteem for want of proper heritage or society where the people rule, where the gov from the Nazis and the Prussian officer current position. Each man had unique erned consent to their governors, where the elite. opportunity to prove himself, and each rights of life, liberty, and property are pro Ike's men knew that he was one of tected because this very protection is the them, for all his training and high man deserved every success that came to object of their own self-government. It was him, for he had earned it. the embodiment, too, of econoinic democ professional skill. They loved him-they That is the way it was in Abilene. racy: where resources wanted only honest followed him. Together they conquered. Abilene, at the turn of the century, was labor to be translated into the reality of THE YEARS IN THE WHITE HOUSE not a place for the habitually idle or abundance, where opportunity was eque.l, General Eisenhower came to the White frivolous. The unpaved, rutted, dusty where the distribution o! the nation's wealth House a popular man, and he left it a streets, the hand-sawn lumber sidewalks, was equitable. It was the antithesis o! Eu popular man. Through 8 years of diffi the sparse shops, the unrelenting chal rope. . . . It was a place, in short, where cult decisions, through successes and re lenge of the farms, and the wind the people rule for themselves and for the protection o! their natural rights. versals, he held the confidence of those whipped outdoors in the dead of winter that had selected him for their leader. were enough to deter the faint of heart This, then, was the heritage which He was a brilliant administrator at the or weak of will from settling there. Dwight David Eisenhower carried with White House, just as he had been in Men came to Abilene for a decent him to the U.S. Military Academy at Europe. The people wanted a respite chance to earn an honorable living, and West Point. His roots were firmly im from the agonies of war in Europe and most came with little more than a few planted in the nourishing earth that was war in Korea. They wanted quiet effi chattels. The only avenue to achievement Abilene. His parents were representative ciency. He gave it to them. was bone-crushing hard work. of the :finest citizens of Abilene, and he Americans are like other peoples-they There were few charities and virtually was their own true son. genuinely want to have confidence in CXV--510---Part 6 8104 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 their President. Dwight David Eisen dence of those great qualities which fame and notoriety has gone principally hower, the 34th President of the United made him beloved as a leader in war as to those who accumulate great material States, provided a lifetime of leadership in peace. wealth, commit some hideous crime, or which inspired confidence. This incident took place on March 23, have a reputation for abusing power No man will ever be called upon to 1945. The 30th Infantry Division, of or do the unusual. Many millions of render higher service to America-if she which I was a member, was moving into Americans are honest and have a great lasts 10,000 years. position in preparation for a night at desire to see justice but few become Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the dis tack across the Rhine River at Wessel, famous for having those attributes. Gen tinguished gentleman from South Caro Germany. We had spent many hours eral Eisenhower was one of those few. lina (Mr. RivERS). practicing with assault crossings of the The loss of a man with worldwide fame Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, I associate Maas River in Holland. We knew what for such characteristics is a great loss myself with the noble sentiments of our we were to do. But the Rhine River was and the whole Nation and world suffers beloved Speaker of the House. I would wider and the attack was to be at night from such loss. just like to observe about this great man under cover of darkness. In practise no As Dwight David Eisenhower sleeps in Eisenhower a statement of Edwin Mark one was trying to keep us from landing. the rotunda a few steps from here, the ham: Still assault boats had capsized and in Nation mourns the loss of a truly great When he fell in whirlwind, he went down one instance the occupants had drowned. American, and I join those who extend As when a lordly cedar, green with boughs, So, we approached our task afraid that their condolences to his family. Goes down with a great shout upon the hills, we might never see loved ones again. Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the dis And leaves a lonesome place against the sky. Then, the paratroopers started dropping tinguished gentleman from Kansas. I doubt if we can think of one in the behind enemy lines in great numbers Mr. WINN. I thank the distinguished country who found as deep a place in the from the sky. We sensed their mission Speaker. hearts and the love of America. He was was much more dangerous than ours All the world is saddened by the death truly a great man, a kindly man, a but would certainly increase our chances of Gen. Dwight David Eisenhower, a humble man. of reaching the other side. Sporadic truly great yet humble man. The former Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I shell fire made us ill at ease and at President--who preferred to be called yield to the distinguished gentleman tested to the presence of the enemy and General after his retirement--probably from Pennsylvania (Mr. SAYLOR) . his intention to see that our mission will not go down in history as a politi Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, no finer failed. While we were there, marching cian's President, but rather as a true tribute to the memory of our fallen lead gloomily in combat column, a staff car statesman, highly respected by the lead er can surpass the knowledge that what approached and stopped beside where ers of all nations of the world. ever history says of his leadershiP--in I was walking. General Eisenhower As a young Kansas Congressman, I was war and peace--the people will affec stepped out. For a moment, I froze with fortunate enough to meet personally tionately remember him as "Ike." apprehension. Then, I made a poor at with this great man, who grew up on the He was never the textbook picture of tempt to salute, which seemed the thing western prairie of Kansas, at his peaceful the tough and austere military man; nor to do. The General extende~ his hand to Gettysburg farm. His knowledge of both did he surround his presidency with the shake mine, :flashed his warm smile, and national and international affairs proved trappings of power as he could have. He said-I think, "Hi soldier," although in to be most helpful to me as a new Con was at heart a sincere, gregarious, and the dramatics of the moment I cannot gressman. selfless public servant; and what he was now be certain of his exact words. The Men of all political philosophies sought at heart shown through to the Amer general walked up and down the column his counsel and guidance on matters of ican people. They knew that the man shaking hands and encouraging his importance. And all succeeding Presi called "Ike" could be trusted implicitly. troops. He came, too, I am sure, to get dents have at one time or another turned The aura of power surrounded the a better look at the tactical situation. I to him for help. remember distinctly saying to a buddy, man but it did not affect his presence. To the end, this uncommon man was The feeling of command was there and "He shouldn't be here. Doesn't he know he is liable to be killed?" General Eisen characterized by uncommon strength. yet no one could have divined to have Mr. Speaker, at the Capitol today are been ordered. What sage could define hower was up with the troops risking his life but the inspiration his presence 50 Kansas schoolchildren who are here the qualities of such leadership and to pay tribute to Dwight D. Eisenhower. charisma? gave cannot be imagined. Later, I was to receive the Silver Star because our bat They have brought with them a beautiful The country and the world will miss box of long-stemmed wheat from the the man, but he left behind a memory of talion commander, Lt. Col. Ernest Frankland, thought I performed my great State of Kansas, as a symbol of something more precious than a simple their love for our wonderful former Pres recall of his legion of accomplishments; small part of that battle with extraor dinary heroism. As I reflect, I am not in ident. They are here in person to add this he left us with a memory of an infec wheat to the many beautiful flowers cov tious smile. clined to acts which would warrant any such honor. If I deserve it, General ering the rotunda of this Capitol. The loss of that smile, with its ability One of the sponsors of this Kansas to calm our fears, renew our strength, Eisenhower deserved, at least, some of the credit. Two years ago many of us group has written a poem which I should and uplift our spirits, is the greatest loss like to read to this distinguished body to we suffer on the passing of Dwight David as freshman Congressmen visited with President Eisenhower at Camp David. day. This poem was written by Barbara Eisenhower. It was a smile that came Hanna Gray and endorsed by the 50 from the heart of a man who epitomized We talked briefly about the Rhine River crossing. schoolchildren from Kansas. the great American dream. There was This poem reads as follows: the knowledge from Ike's smile that he Our Nation is sad because of the death trusted people, and they returned that of our great general and President. He WHEAT: IN MEMORY OF DWIGHT DAVID trust without bounds. It was, according was loved for his courage, warmth, and EISENHOWER to one writer, "the smile of sincerity in understanding. Yes; we are saddened, (By Barbara Hanna Gray) an age of contrivance." as a nation by his passing. Yet in his A shock of wheat-Ripened in the sun of a That smile is physically gone now, but death, as in his life, we are caused tore Kansas prairie, tendered gently there flect on the heritage of our great coun from small green sprout until tall and the place it holds in the hearts of the golden-unbent by the winds that countrymen of Dwight David Eisenhower try, the outstanding contributions of the blowhard. can never be replaced. great Dwight David Eisenhower and the A shock of wheat-Filled with the grain of a Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I necessity just now, as perhaps never be Kansas youth, harvested by God to yield to the distinguished gentleman fore, for an extra effort to preserve our feed His flocks with the bread of his from Ohio pressure, and a complete Eisenhower. and accomplishment-among both men honesty and sincerity about him. He in General Eisenhower was a soldier-pa and nations-whether it was before Nor spired men to work together; he had triot in the great American tradition-a mandy or during Europe's troubled days total disdain for personal public com worthy successor to George Washington while NATO was being formed or in his ment; he was contemptuous of narrow and Andrew Jackson. dramatic "open skies" proposal at the partisan motives, and more than once As commander of the Allied forces Geneva summit, which no other Amer rejected temporary political gain for the who liberated Europe from the tyranny ican could have put forward with the greater good of our country. Such a man of Nazi armed conquest, he was a cru same effectiveness. Indeed, his smile was brought stature and trust to the White sader for freedom in one of history's capable of lighting up a nation here or House. He represented Americans, per most trying challenges to freedom. overseas, as the great throngs that turned haps, more faithfully than any in our Eisenhower leadership for freedom out to greet him illustrated so vividly. time. Certainly, he was loved and trusted continued in the tumultuous years which We felt better when we saw that smile both overseas and here. In a unique way followed World War II, as he united the it was unique--it was a personal one, his life will stand as an inspiration for all NATO powers to halt the westward drive it was a humble one, and it called forth those who believe in character in govern of another tyranny-that of Soviet com our deepest trust. ment. munism lead by Stalin. I also remember the period during the He was a great human being, and he As President of the United States dur late 1940's and early 1950's when Gen will be judged kindly by future historians, ing the cold war years of the 1950's, eral Eisenhower had several opportuni not only for his positive accomplish Dwight Eisenhower continued to lead the ties to consider the nomination for the ments but indeed for those decisions free world in the quest for both freedom Presidency. Perhaps no other American which did not make the headlines, such and peace. in public life turned down such clear as his refusal to be stampeded into any offers for the presidential nomination as commitment to Vietnam. As the acknowledged leader of free na His life is a testament to public service, tions throughout the 1950's, President forthrightly as he did. Eisenhower pledged the terrible power of I think the point that finally motivated and of the highest traditions of America, him to accept the Republican nomination and General Eisenhower now clearly be the atom to the search for peace, in an longs to the ages. address to the United Nations which in was his concern over the war in Korea and his desire to work for peace. He Mr. Speaker, I wish to join with all of spired all the world. the Members of the House in expressing When he completed his second term could not have forgiven himself had he sacrificed an opportunity to save the our grief upon the passing of General as President, he continued to serve his Eisenhower, and I wish to express our country, providing wise counsel and as lives of young men and to truly serve the people of the country he so deeply deepest sympathy, that of Mrs. Reid sistance to the three Presidents who have and my mother, Helen Rogers Reid, to followed him-regardless of party affilia loved; but it was not in his nature to seek the power of the Presidency. Mrs. Eisenhower, John Eisenhower, and tion. all members of the family. A man who loved and served his coun Mr. Speaker, General Eisenhower cer tainly was one of the most successful Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I now try well, a man who was above partisan yield to the distinguished gentleman politics on the major questions of peace commanders of a multinational alliance. He revitalized the Republican Party and from Dlinois (Mr. PUCINSKI) . and war at all times, a man who was thereby strengthened the two-party sys Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, America loved and respected by all Americans tem. His character and ability certainly today mourns the loss of one of her most that was Dwight David Eisenhower. put to rest many thoughts of isolationism noble sons. I deem it a great privilege to America has lost a great champion and of prewar America. join with the Speaker and others in pay a great leader. I join my colleagues in He was responsible for many progres ing tribute to the memory of Dwight mourning our great loss. sive steps to strengthen our domestic David Eisenhower. Mr. McCORMACK. I now yield to the policies, whether they involved the estab Mr. Speaker, I like to think of Dwight distinguished gentleman from New York lishment of the Department of Health, D. Eisenhower in terms of three plateaus: (Mr. REID). Education, and Welfare or increases in first, as a military leader, he was without Mr. REID of New York. Mr. Speaker, social security. Neither will America for a peer. His greatest strength was his I thank the distinguished Speaker for get that it was President Eisenhower who ability to bring people together. It was his yielding. succeeded in passing the first civil rights genius as an organizer, as a persuader, as In the death of General Eisenhower bill since Reconstruction and warned of a mediator, and as a military tactician America has lost our most widely loved the dangers of the military-industrial that helped put together the fantastic public figure. General Eisenhower had complex. military machine that frustrated the de very special qualities of humility, sin All remember, I believe, his achieve signs of the Axis Powers upon the free cerity, spiritual conviction, and great ment in bringing peace to Korea. Surely dom of this country and the rest of the human warmth. All of these animated history will record the unifying leader world. his long service to his country. ship he brought to America in the Presi- I do not believe that even at this day 8106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 we realize the enormity of his accom recall those days as well. I was division I wa.s at dinner in my Relms headquar plishments in pulling together divergent headquarters company commander of ters wi·th the corps and division commanders military views, in pulling together di the 83d Division. of the American airborne forces when Brad ley's call came through. When he reported vergent military concepts, different The first time I saw the general was that we had a. permanent bridge across the equipment, different ideas, and welding shortly after the !nvasion when he Rhine I could scarcely believe my ears. He a.nd them into one successful effort which visited our division headquarters and on I ha.d frequently discussed such a develop brought victory and freedom to the several occasions after that he visited ment as a remote possibility but never as a. world. our division. well-founded hope. I believe that Dwight Eisenhower to As a junior officer I had the privilege I fa.lrly shouted into the telephone: "How day deserves to be called the greatest of being in the division war room when much have you got in that vicinity that you ca.n throw across the river?" military genius of our time. he was conferring with the senior offi He said, "I have more than four d1v1siona Second, as President of the United cers of the division. At no time did he but I called you to make sure that pushing States he had abiding faith in the rug ever fail to inquire about the troops of them over would not interfere with your ged spirit of American individualism. the division. He always was concerned plans." Many of his critics have erroneously in about their welfare--were they getting I replied, "Well, Brad, we expected to have terpreted his stubborn refusal to plunge enough food, were they getting the proper that many divisions tied up around Co novernment controls into every facet of clothes. This was a man who was not logne a.nd now those are free. Go ahead and our American life as a record of inac shove over at least five divisions instantly, only a great general but also a great and anything else that is necessary to make tion. President Eisenhower in my judg humanitarian. certain of our hold." ment reflected the true spirit of Thomas Then shortly after the war, many of His answer came over the phone with a Jefferson. He had a social consciousness. us had the honor of entering into public distinct tone of glee: "That's exactly what I He realized things had to be done, and service in the Congress at the same time wanted to do but the question had been he wanted to move forward, but he also he became President of the United States. raised here about confiict with your plans, realized that the dignity of an individual We still have a number here on both and I wanted to check with you." is supreme in a free nation, and he sides of the aisle who came in as Mem That was one of my happy moments of the war. Broad success in wa.r Is usually fore wanted to let the individual do as much bers of the 83d Congress in 1953. We seen by days or weeks, with the result that for himself as humanly possible. can recall our visits with him during when it actually arrives higher commandera President Eisenhower gave the country those years. He understood the role of a.nd staffs have discounted it and are lm a great record to build on. In the ensuing the Congress and respected it. mersed in plans for the future. This waa years his successors have built upon that Mr. Speaker, I think that when history completely unforeseen. We were across the record. There is no question but that Mr. writes the record of General Eisenhower, Rhine, on a permanent bridge; the tradi Eisenhower has made great contributions that record is going to be one of great tional defensive barrier to the heart of Ger many was pierced. The final defeat of the as President of this country. achievement both in war and in peace. enemy, which we had long calculated would Finally, Mr. Speaker, I believe his He was a man who really cherished free be accomplished in the spring and summer third great achievement was as an Amer dom-and a man who hated war. campaigning of 1945, wa.s suddenly now in ican in his farewell address when he He never hesitated to take such action our minds, just around the corner. warned the Nation against the military as was necessary to preserve our Nation. My guests at the dinner table were in industrial complex. Here was a man who The world has lost a great leader but his footed by my enthusiam. Among them were had had occasion to observe first-hand inspiration will live on forever. veterans of successful aerial jumps against edly as a military leader and as the Pres Mrs. Cederberg and I extend our deep the enemy and of hard fighting in every ident of the United States the inherent kind of situation. They were unanimous in est sympathy to the Eisenhower family. their happy predictions of an early end to dangers of permitting that sort of a com Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I the war. I am sure that from that moment bination to get out of hand. The enormity yield to the gentleman from West Vir every one of them went into baittle with the of his warning is best exemplified as we ginia (Mr. HECHLER). elan that comes from the joyous certainty look today and see that some 200 Ameri Mr. HECHLER of West Virginia. Mr. of smashing victory. can corporations have more than $30 Speaker, the gentleman from Michigan Ten years after that event, President billion worth of Government contracts. (Mr. CEDERBERG), the gentleman from The warning given us by President Eis Eisenhower assembled at the White Ohio Crusade in Europe" and what he de ership of General Eisenhower when he Mr. Speaker, in paying tribute today scribed as "one of my happy moments of commanded our troops in Europe. to Dwight Eisenhower I would say that the war." When he received the news of I would like to quote also briefly from he gave majesty and nobility to the cause the first crossing of the Rhine at Re the very last words in General Eisen of public service. His conduct in public magen, Germany, General Eisenhower hower's book "Crusade in Europe," words affairs leaves all of us in public office capitalized on this great event which that mean a great deal in terms of his with a legacy we can proudly emulate. materially shortened the war in Europe. basic philosophy: Mr. Speaker, Mrs. Pucinski joins me He wrote this about the Remagen We believe in individual Uberty, rooted in extending and expressing our deepest Bridge capture: in human dignity, is man's greatest treasure. sympathy to Mrs. Eisenhower, the entire This news was reported to Bradley. It hap If the men and women of America face Eisenhower family, and, yes, to all pened that a. SHAEF staff officer wa.s in Brad this issue a.s squarely a.nd bravely a.s their Americans who today mourn his passing. ley's headquarters when the news arrived, soldiers faced the terrors of battle in World Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I now a.nd a. discussion a.t once took place a.s to the Wa.r II, we would have no fear of the out yield to the distinguished gentleman amount of force that should be pushed across come. If they will unite themselves as firmly the bridge. If the bridgehead force wa.s too a.s they did when they provided, with their from Michigan (Mr. CEDERBERG) . small it would be destroyed through a quick allies in Europe, the mightiest fighting force Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, I am concentration of German strength on the of a.ll time, there is no temporal power that honored to join my colleagues today in east side of the river. On the other hand, can dare challenge them. If they ca.n retain paying respect to the memory of General Bradley realized that if he threw a. large force the moral integrity, the clarity of compre Eisenhower. Many of us in this body had across he might interfere with further de hension, and the readiness to sacrifice that the honor of serving under his command velopment of my basic plan. Bradley in finally crushed the Axis, then the Free World in Europe during World War n, and I stantly telephoned me. will live and prosper, and all peoples, even- March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8107 tually wm reach a level ot culture, content tionally, of course, I must thank you for the that reached more men's hearts than social ment, and security that has never before very great compliments paid me in your let security. There is the feeling from Ike that been achieved. ter of the 12th. he trusts people and they return it in spades. While it is obviously necessary that, so long He has confessed that it would be nice some That was Dwight D. Eisenhower. as I am connected with Columbia University, time to take Mamie and go to the Metropoli Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the dis I be officially classed as an "Easterner," it is tan Museum and "just drift through it with tinguished gentleman from Dlinois Gettysburg College campus he RECORD. marveled at this public. He didn't have an Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the dis I extend our profound sympathy to unusually big nose or extraordinaa-y ears or tinguished gentleman from Colorado. Mrs. Eisenhower and all the members of any other physical features that made him Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. Speak the family whom he loved so much as easily identifiable, he explained. Yet, there er, I appreciate the distinguished Speak he always loved his country. he had been in New York in the back of an er yielding to me so I may join with other The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. unmarked limousine, almost out of sight, and as he drove down the street, "the darndest Members in mourning the passing of our MoRGAN). Is there objection to the re late President and general, Dwight David quest of the gentleman from Dlinois? thing happened. People leaned out and yelled, 'Hello, Ike.' How did they know who Eisenhower. There was no objection. I was?" This is a significant day in which to The letter and article are as follows: While all the candidates from Reagan to pay tribute to a man who had his roots in COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, McCarthy diagnosed in detail the national my congressional district. In fact, he was New York, N.Y., November 16,1949. ailments, Ike maintained a hearty belief married to Mamie in Denver, Colo., and Hon. ROBERT H. MICHEL, that it was a fever, and the body was funda Representative in Congress, mentally sound. He could beat any of them after that Denver was his second home. Peoria, Ill. in a runoff. While the scowl has become the Throughout the years before he became DEAR MR. MicHEL: It is always nice to hear symbol of this season's stump (with the prominent as a forthright leader of the from an old soldier, particularly one who exception of Hubert Humphrey), there has Nation, he spent many years and days in served in the Infantry, my old arm. Addi- been that enduring smile of Eisenhower's the city and county of Denver. It was 8108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 during that period of time that those he and by his logic. He had a unique ability General Eisenhower was matched by came in contact with learned to know for drawing people together in a common the pleasure of meeting Mrs. Eisenhower and love him. They appreciated the fact cause and welding them into the most on the same occasion. Her friendliness, that he had the spirit and the fairness awesome and proficient military armada her warmth, and great charm are among and the understanding that are not as ever assembled. the qualities that have marked Mrs. well attributed to all men as they were to As our President, he brought to this Eisenhower as one of the truly great Ike. great Nation something it desperately ladies of American history. After he became famous, so to speak, needed-unity, purpose, and a sense of President Eisenhower honored the peo when he led our armies in Western Eu direction. Whether they voted for him ple of the State of Idaho by paying us a rope to victory and then he returned to or not, most Americans were proud of visit in 1962, when he was accorded a the United States, he came back to Den Dwight Eisenhower and felt a measure welcome that reflected the depth of the ver, Colo. Once again, General Eisen of security while he was in the White love and respect that the people of Idaho hower enjoyed the respect and honor and House. bear for him. leadership that he so well deserves. In the twilight of his life, "Ike" dis General Eisenhower was a distin We in Denver express our thoughts this played the same courage and tenacity guished soldier and military leader, but moment to the family and mourn the loss that he had reflected on the battlefield was also passionately devoted to the of his leadership. I express my sympathy and in the quiet counsels of the Presi cause of peace. He dedicated all of the to Mrs. Eisenhower and the family. I dency. I have never known a man to energy and strength he could command know his death is a great loss to the Na survive seven heart attacks and so many to the task of building an enduring world tion, and particularly it is a great loss to other medical complications and still peace. the people of my district. maintain that keen insight into the fu General Eisenhower's life exemplified Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the dis ture or that illuminating awareness of the best in America. Because of him, all tinguished gentleman from California. history that "Ike" held to the end. Americans stand a bit taller. All of us Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, I In my judgment, leadership is the abil feel prouder of ourselves and of our express my gratitude to the Speaker for ity to influence human behavior, and it country. He had a deep belief in the yielding to me, and also for taking the was for this reason, I believe, that people American dream, a faith in God and in lead in expressing eulogies and giving us trusted "Ike." They trusted him with the future of our country. the opportunity to express our personal the lives of their sons in war, and with He was a leader of great strength and eulogies for our former President, Dwight their own destinies as our President. toughness. Yet, he was kind, gentle, com David Eisenhower. Though he was trained as a soldier, passionate, and understanding. Dwight David Eisenhower, 34th Presi "Ike" was truly a man of peace. The high principles and purposes that dent of the United States and General of Dwight David Eisenhower will go motivated General Eisenhower are re the Armies, is dead, and like millions of down in history as a humble man who flected in his speech to the men and Americans and people throughout the responded to the call of his country in women of the Allied Expeditionary Force world, I deeply mourn his passing. its time of greatest need-not once or at the end of his great crusade in Europe. Whenever I think of President Eisen twice, but whenever the need arose. I quote from the closing sentences of his hower, the words "warm" and "human" (Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN asked and address: immediately come to my mind. Will was given permission to revise and ex Each of the fallen died as a member of the Americans ever forget that big grin-the tend his remarks.) team to which you belong, bound together smile, known around the world, which Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the dis by a common love of Uberty and a refusal to genuinely reflected his warm personal submit to enslavement. No monument of tinguished gentleman from Indiana Mamie Eisenhower, and son, Ambassa utterance was addressed to the party, re I shall always cherish the memories of dor John Eisenhower. vitalized and then meeting in convention my association and friendship with Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, Dwight in Miami Beach, last August. Dwight Eisenhower. He was a man to in David Eisenhower occupied, even before History has yet to pronounce its verdict on spire respect, confidence, and admiration his death, a very special position in the Eisenhower the general or on Eisenhower the President. Criticisms of both roles have been as well as friendship. These he won in hearts of his countrymen, and now that made by knowledgeable persons of high re large measure from me and from my his gallant soul has reached the haven pute and these must be weighed. But Eisen colleagues on the Committee on Foreign of eternal peace, it is our duty and our hower of the infectious grin and fatherly Affairs in the days when he used to testify right to claim him for posterity as aura must be audited in the abstract. and assist us obtaining information we the very symbol of what it means to His greatness lay in his abllity to instill needed on ::'oreign policy matters in be an American. It is necessary to use in m1111ons of people here and abroad the volving military aid to our allies. the phrase, "a self-made man," in the feeling that the world's mightiest power was These sentiments were confirmed and best possible sense of that term because ln responsible hands and that all was well. Though hampered by illness and pressed by strengthened when he became our Presi he rose to great position from a home of mounting crises that eventually eroded some dent. His stature as a dedicated public average circumstances through the ap confidence in his leadership, Dwight Eisen servant transcended politics and he re plication of hard work and the intelligent hower made good that trust. The America tained the affection and esteem he had use of the opportunity afforded to all he handed over to John F. Kennedy was by won during his military career. young men in our democratic society no means perfect, but it had been calmed It is sad to meditate on his passing, remember that his career in the public and rested and made ready to withstand the because it is a deep and grievous loss to service started with a highly competitive upheavals that have visited it since. his family and friends, and also in a very examination for the military academies. Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, President real way to all of us. At the same time, Hi::; character was well nurtured and Eisenhower's work has been finished. He our grief is tempered by our gratitude formed in the midst of a family that be has written his record. It is a brilliant and deep sense of appreciation for all lieved deeply in God Almighty, in what and moving record. The Nation and the that Dwight Eisenhower accomplished we have come to call the American world are now appending the closing for his country and his fellow man. dream, and in the power, dignity, and chapters to the biography of Dwight During the war, Dwight Eisenhower integrity of the individual person, in that David Eisenhower who, in the eloquent led the greatest forces in mankind's his order though dependent one upon the words of President Nixon on yesterday, tory. In peace, he held the highest office other. This noble character was the was one of the giants of our time. in· our land. His true greatness did not source from which Dwight Eisenhower Thomas Carlyle said that the history of stem from holding these high post.s. I derived his strength and the abilities that the world is but the biography of its great agree with those who knew him best, that were later to lead his Nation through men. his real greatness was due to his unique years of strife, when our future as a free It was not my good fortune to know personal qualities which fitted him to be people was in critical balance. the late President as intimately as some, the gretest hero of our time. In making Let us not forget that Dwight Eisen but I had the privilege of many interest these brief remarks I join my fellow hower gave superior and loyal service ing associations with him, and I counted Americans in saluting and paying tribute and invaluable advice and counsel to him as my personal friend. My official to a patriot whose devotion to our well Presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt relations with him often came about being has helped shape the course of war and Harry S. Truman, and that under through my chairmanship of the Sub and of peace so that our Nation could their administrations he became a legend committee on Defense Appropriations. survive and prosper. in his lifetime. As President for 8 suc He was always forthright and coopeTa Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, I am pro ceeding years, he achieved a serenity and tive. He had a genius for getting to the foundly saddened by the death of Dwight balance which enabled him to implement heart of the proposition and making his David Eisenhower, one of this Nation's ilis basic belief and faith in our demo views clearly understood. greatest leaders and one of its most ac cratic institutions. Indeed his wisdom The late President Eisenhower was claimed public figures. and thorough experience in every facet blessed with a richness of personal quali I had the honor of being elected to of the administrative process, and his ties that make great men greater-quali Congress in 1952, the year General Eisen tremendous gift for leadership, en ties that find a permanent home not only hower was elected President. My admi gendered a trust and confidence among in the hearts of his countrymen but of ration of him increased during these people everywhere. Unimpeachable char years as I witnessed Dwight Eisenhower's all Americans that is unique in the his acter and integrity, great depth of sin unyielding courage, high integrity, abid tory of our Presidents. Almost to the cerity, love of liberty and country, and ing faith in his fellow man, and his quest hour of his passing, his inspired guid devotion to the service of the common for world peace. ance was significant to the course of good were among the shining precepts of General Eisenhower's historic record our Government. the personal coat of arms of this unpre of achievement is, in a sense, this Na Possibly the most sincere indication of tentious man. tion's record of achievel!lent for the past his concern for the continued well-being A victor in so many battles even in the three decades. of his fellow citizens was the admonition last days, it is hard to realize that the late Chief architect of the Allied effort that in his farewell address that-- President is no longer here. He was so rescued Europe in World War II, leader We must guard agaJnst the acquisition of permanent, so enduring, so indestruc of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza unwarranted influence, whether sought or tible throughout his long years. tion, 34th President of the United States unsought, by the m1litary-1ndustrial com All of us who have been associated with for two terms, counselor to succeeding plex. The potential for the disastrous rise him in official matters, on the golf course, Presidents, Dwight David Eisenhower of misplaced power exists and will persist. and otherwise will treasure the memory led our Nation through one of the storm Coming from a man who had spent of our experiences and be glad that we iest periods in its history. so many years with the military his had the opportunity of knowing a man of He was not afraid to show hope in warning was indeed a splendidly inde his stature. Surely his life and work will stead of despair, faith instead of cyni pendent and objective guidepost--in it be widely noted and long remembered cism, honest toil instead of idle talk. He self it was a great and significant service by this and coming generations. was a good and compassionate man to his fellow Americans; a statement May the Lord bless his memory and whose words and deeds were an inspira worthy of the respect, admiration, and give strength and comfort to Mrs. Eisen tion to all Americans and millions of affection given to him without stint by hower and family and others of his loved people throughout the free world. millions of Americans and by the many ones. Dwight David Eisenhower embodied millions in other countdes who revere March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8111 his memory as the architect of world former President Dwight David Eisen The feelings of Buffalonians are well peace and stability. hower became history. expressed in editorials appearing in our In this time of deep sadness, I join There will be many eulogies and docu two daily newspapers, as follows: with my colleagues in expressing my mentaries as well as perhaps a few books. [From the Buffalo (N.Y.) Courier-Express, heartfelt sympathy to his wonderful and Yet, in all this, it will be nearly impos Mar.29, 1969] gracious wife, Mamie, who shared his sible to express the true nature of this be UNITED STATES MOURNS SOLDIER-STATESMAN burdens and his triumphs, and to the loved mortal. A man of great dignity who A grief-stricken nation mourns the death other much beloved members of his had the respect of his fellow man, he of former President Dwight D. Eisenhower, family. For them the sharp pain of per rarely found it necesary to command it. a man beloved and esteemed by the Ameri sonal loss is greatest, but all Americans Although greatly respected, we warmly can people. His deeds as a military com share in their grief, for this was a man referred to him as "Ike" as readily as if mander will be enshrined in history as long as Western civilization endures. It was he much loved by all people. He, more than he were our closest acquaintance. Surely, who directed "Operation Overlord," the in any man of our century, fits the often "Ike" felt this way about the people who vasion of the European Continent, which quoted description of our first President, chose him as their leader, as well as the resulted in the defeat of the Nazis. When he George Washington, for in his time, rest of the human race which was also became President, the energy and zeal which Dwight David Eisenhower was also "first captivated and influenced by his states he had displayed in war were devoted to the in war, first in peace, and first in the manship. objective of bringing about lasting world hearts of his countrymen." Truly, we Dwight Eisenhower was a warrior but peace. Probably no other President in this century shall miss this great American champion also a peace-loving man, a political was as universally popular as Gen. Eisen whose spirit is now and forever with all leader and a statesman, an intellectual hower. Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. people and all lands as a resplendent and a firm believer in his fellow man. He Roosevelt and Calvin Coolidge came close, symbol of the United States of America. was a Christian who had a keen sense of but each profoundly displeased a minority. Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, I stand on justice and who would act in a just The two Roosevelts were disliked by c:on the floor of the House of Representatives manner; he had unlimited courage. servatives and Coolidge by the progressives. as a spokesman for all the people of Sum President Eisenhower, who pursued a mid He will be remembered for his contro dle-of-the-road policy toward national prob mit County. On the subject of the qual versial directing of Federal forces into a lems, was disliked by few Americans-a fact ities of Dwight David Eisenhower, we are city of this country to enforce what he emphatically attested to in his 1956 reelec unanimous in our homage. We well un considered to be justice. This demanded tion. derstood this great man of our own Mid a tremendous amount of courage. As Mr. Eisenhower possessed the qualities west. As often as I met with him, I told general he used every ounce of courage, that Americans seem to admire most in their him of the support our people gave his physical strength, and mentality to de chief executive. A pleasant and photogenic successful efforts to make us a land of fend this country and all people of the man, Mr. Eisenhower possessed a personality peace. that radiated confidence. As a soldier, he had world from an aggressive nation. As su risen to prominence through his own bril The great man that he chose to succeed preme commander of Allied Expedition liance. As an educator, he championed aca him in the Presidency, President Nixon, ary Forces, he accepted the uncondi demic freedom. And a~ a statesman, he rep closed his eulogy of General Eisenhower tional surrender of Germany. As Presi resented the United States with dignity and by stating: dent he alone brought peace in Korea. honor. We salute Dwight David Eisenhower stand History now shows that he was at this The president came to the occupancy of ing there in our memory-first in war, first very time fully prepared to again defend the highest office in the land with no expe in pooce and wherever freedom is cherished, this Nation and the world if necessary. rience in politics and little in government. first in the hearts of his fellow men. No one realized it more than he did. Hence, At a time when the military leadership he did not rush into a legislative program, As the Representative of the 14th Ohio of this Nation is coming under heavier but permitted his first year, 1953, to pass by District, to Mamie Eisenhower and her and heavier attack, it is well to remember without major recommendations. In 1954, he family, I wish to express our deepest sor that one of the greatest military geniuses submitted a comprehensive program to Con row at their great loss. We are grateful to of our time was a proven man of peace. gress which was designed to cover his entire term. This included tax revision and reduc them for having shared Dwight David For eight years under his administration tion, based on curbing expenditures. Eisenhower with us. we experienced our longest period of Perhaps the American people felt most in Mr. DENNEY. Mr. Speaker, I join my peace since World War II. debted to him for a victory scored outside fellow Americans and the world in Throughout his life he practiced the legislative realm. That was the ending of mourning the death of General Eisen strength and proper use of strength the Korean War. hower, the 34th President of the United which was clearly illustrated when he The United States and the free world have States. ordered our marines into Lebanon to lost one of the noble and justly revered sol Dwight D. Eisenhower will return to his maintain the peace in the Middle East. dier-statesmen of history. midwestern plains boyhood home after A warrior and a fighter to the end, he a full life, but, as described in his own [From the Buffalo (N.Y.) Evening News. loved life so much that he fought for Mar.29,1969] words, one with "his work unfinished." weeks grasping onto that thread of life. DwiGHT D. EISENHOWER Indeed, the work of the world is unfin As with Winston Churchill and the other ished. His death reminds us all of the test greats of this era, he belongs to the ages. However history ranks him among Presi we have before us and stresses the point dents or among generals, Dwight D. Eisen Now, surely, he has found peace. hower has already been ranked in the hearts that each of us must become involved if Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, on this day of his countrymen among the best-loved we are to count our accomplishments to of national mourning for President Ei Americans of all time. this end. He was involved. He encouraged senhower, I would like to convey condo Ike had that special magic of personal not only those around him, but all people lences on behalf of myself and the Buf warmth, that glow of inner decency and dig to do the same. falo, N.Y., area which I represent. nity, that won him an all-but-universal af Throughout his endeavors in war, fection--evidenced not only by the familiar As I said upon learning of the gen "I Like Ike" buttons of his two spectacularly peace, and politics, he was not one to lose eral's passing last Friday: sight of his beginnings. He had grown to successful presidential campaigns, but by I, along wtlh millions of Americans have the millions who served under his command appreciate the honesty and integrity of offered my prayers during the illness of in World War II and the tens of millions who those who had surrounded his boyhood President Eisenhower. Although aware of later greeted him wherever he traveled life. He was a man to be trusted and he the gravity of his mness, I was profOlmdly abroad. served as an example of the virtue of our shocked and grieved at the news of his death. As President, he could be bracketed with way of life. He was typically American, During my earlier terms in Congress, I came Washington but not with Lincoln-as an in and yet perhaps as Rev. Billy Graham re to know him, respect, and revere him as a spired unifier and team captain, but not a cently said, "the greatest American since soldier and as President. The infiuence for driving leader. His eight-year presidency was Lincoln." good which he exerted, the high ideals which a success by the standards of those who be were voiced by him and his noble examples, lieved deeply, with him, in a government of Mr. LUKENS. Mr. Speaker, I join with all combine to stamp him as a man among restraint and rigidly limited use of its vast my colleagues in paying tribute to a truly men. My wife and I have conveyed our con powers--but not by those who prefer to see great American. dolences to his immediate family and I shall the Presidency played, a la FDR or LBJ. as a On Friday, March 28, 1969, at 12:25 return to Washington to pay my personal virtuoso performer plays a great ol"gan. p.m. the world suffered a great loss- respects. As a general, too, Eisenhower can be ranked cxv-sn-Part a 8112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 with history's great team captains, but not nature and by character as open and tion will be forever remembered. And the among its brilliant strategists or dashing war as free as the westem plains and prairies example he set by his life will be forever riors. The MacArthur style was not for him, nor the Marshall command of over-all orga of his youth. Few men ever sought less; called to mind, wherever and whenever nization. His was a kind of generalship that he asked for nothing more than the op men lif.t up their eyes unto the hills, and could keep a prima donna Montgomery, a portunity to serve, when called and seek from a power beyond themselves brilliant Bradley and a swashbuckling Patton where ordered. Few men ever received that inner strength and support that all working for the same winning team. more; he is one of the scant handful of man must have to prevail. His greatest single contribution-indeed men in the history of our American Re Soldier from the wars returning the very theme of his life from the "Crusade public whose fellow citizens spontane Spoiler of the taken town, in Europe" through the organization of ously and overwhelmingly elevated him Here is ease that asks not earning; NATO, his eight-year presidency and on into be his eight years of retirement--was his dedica to a symbol in his own lifetime. And Turn you in and sit you down. tion to the concept of the collective self the symbol was not merely of an era, Peace is come and wars are over, defense of the free world. but of the country itself, and of its peo Welcome you and welcome all, In World War II, his triumph was the ef ple, and of the ideals and the good in While the charger crops the clover, fective captaining of a multi-nation coalition the two that were both existing and And his bridle hangs in stall. of armies to defeat the most evil tyranny of hoped for. Now no more of winters biting, modern times. In organizing NATO, he was As soldi~r, as general, he directed the Filth in trench from fall to spring, the logical one man in all the free world to most awesome array of military might be brought back into uniform to put the free Summers full of sweat and fighting nations of the North Atlantic Community ever entrusted to one man. It was his For the Kesar or the King. into another effective coalition against the duty to order entire armies into some of Rest you, charger, rust you, bridle; danger of Communist aggression. the bloodiest combat in the history of Kings and Kesars, keep your pay; In leaving NATO to fight for the Republi warfare. Soldier, silt you down and idle can presidential nomination, his main moti As statesman, as President, he gave to At the inn of night for aye. vation once again was his devotion to the his coUDJtry a Chief Executive with a Mr. SMITH of California. M~·. Speak concept of collective security and his fear commitment to peace that can only be that America might revert to isolationism or er, I wish to join my colleagues in paying to go-it-alonlsm. And throughout his pres known by one like himself who had car tribute to Dwight David Eisenhower. idency and on to his final illness, he never ried the he a vi est of the burdens and Americans have lost one of their greatest wavered in support of this nation's commit agonies of war. Six months after his first leaders of all time. ment to defend its friends and maintain a inaugural in 1953, the guns of the Ko Dwight David Eisenhower was a leader strong set of globe-girdling alliances to keep rean war fell silent. For the next 7¥2 of soldiers; he was the leader of a dis the free world free. years of his Presidency, not one Amer tinguished university; and he was a lead Looking back over his whole career, what ican combat death occurred. sticks out is a passionate devotion to three er of the greatest nation on earth. words: Freedom, secuTity, peace-and in that His call to serve-first as soldier, then A distinguished military career fol order. as statesman--came from his own coun lowed his graduation from the U.S. Mil The first he formed into this virtual credo, try, yet the scope of this service was itary Academy in 1915, and the greatest in a 1949 speech while president of Columbia truly worldwide. As soldier, millions in tribute that could be paid to his services University: "To men who have lived in free this country and abroad looked to him to this Nation was given by the Ameri dom, there is nothing in life so valuable as in time of war for the hope of victoey can public in 1952 when he was elected freedom-not even life itself." and of liberation. As statesman, these To the second, his nation's and the free President of the United States. world's security, he not only devoted his same millions looked to him in time of When the American public retumed whole career as a soldier, but his deepest con peace as that symbol of the forces of him to that office in 1956, there could cern as a statesman-right up to last sum good that had gained victory, and would be no higher honor, no higher tribute to mer's ominous warning to the Republican strive to preserve the peace so dearly the inspiration and the dedication of national convention: "Abroad, in every ma won. this great man. jor sector, we confront a formidable foe Measure him, in part, by the nature History will record this man's lengthy an expansionist tyranny which respects only of his Clitics, that small band of petty toughness and strength and still displays list of outstanding contributions, taking little interest in traveling the pathways to men whose stock in trade is the super note that he always was sought after by peace, with honor and justice. . . . To call cilious conden..nation, the mocking jest, his fellow man. He always ascended to for retreat by America is the best way I know and arrogant condescension. Such trivia, the highest positions of leadership, and to stockpile tragedy for our children." such meanness, only made more clear the dispatched his offices in a gentlemanly Yet this is the same Ike who warned us tn true nobility of his own character, and fashion with dignity and emciency. his presidential farewell speech eight years exposed more glaringly the shallowness Mr. Speaker, Mrs. Smith joins me in ago to be wary-in a time when our security of theirs. extending our deepest sympathies to Mrs. depended on a vast military-industrial com The legacies he leaves to his fellow men plex--of letting "the weight of this com Eisenhower and the members of the bination endanger our liberties or democratic are rich and many. But perhaps the family. processes." And his greatest pride in looking greatest of them all is this: In a day Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, on behalf back on his own presidency was simply that when it sometimes seems that "image" of the citizens of the Fourth Congres it had kept us at peace and secure for eight is all, and that character counts for sional District of Kansas, Mrs. Shriver, years, while his bitterest disappointment, as nothing, this man lived and practiced, and myself, I want to express the feeling he himself sized it up, was his inab111ty, de openly and unashamedly, the old, sim of deep sorrow over the passing of a be spite a massive peacewaging effort, to bring ple precepts of "The Gods of the Copy loved and great American, Dwight D. about a trustworthy accord with Soviet book Headings." Russia. Eisenhower. Our heartfelt sympathy goes What the world will best remember about The love, honor, and respect that mil out to his beloved wife, Mamie; his son, Ike, however, is not his speeches or his some lions gave him has proven beyond any John; and the entire Eisenhower family. times fractured syntax but that marvelous doubt that mankind is, and always will Dwight Eisenhower's fight for life, his Eisenhower grin and the infectiously opti be, more receptive to, influenced by, and physical and mental strength in the face mistic faith in human decency that it punc appreciative of a basic, simple code of of suffering, was an inspiration to all of tuated. Rank him where you will in greatness honor and decency such as this man us. America has lost one of its great among the unforgettable free world leaders of practiced than all the false glitter and his momentously historic times-Churchill, statesmen and soldiers. We, from Kan Roosevelt, MacArthur, Marshall, DeGauUe, manufactured rhetoric that so quicky sas, are especially proud of the heritage Adenimer-and Eisenhower Will be remem loses its luster. and accomplishments left behind by this bered as long as any and probably with more The roll of the muffled drums, the rum native son of Abilene. sheer affection. ble of the caisson wheels, and the clear, Every World War II GI who served high notes of "Taps" will now mark the under Ike will forever treasure his mili Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker- passing of one who carried and fulfilled tary leadership and organizational So he passed over, and all the trumpets some of the most momentous and diffi genius. Free men everywhere will long sounded for him on the other side. cult tasks ever placed upon one man. He remember his leadership in bringing A man of unfaltering kingly bearing passes into history, but he passes as one peace and stability to the world as 34th that was complemented by a genuine na whose part in the constantly unfolding President of the United States. tive warmth and humility, he was by drama of human existence and civiliza- We are all the beneficiaries of his March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8113 lifelong devotion, dedication, and serv well-known temper marked him as being ering the fact that his entire adult life was ice to America and free men everywhere. made of the same stuff as the rest of us. spent in the military service until just a few years before he became President of the Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, I join my Samuel Butler, the great English nov United States, his performance as President colleagues in paying tribute to President elist of the 19th century wrote a line was indeed remarkable in many respects, Eisenhower and to underscore the deep at about the time Dwight Eisenhower particularly in recognizing the supremacy sense of loss felt throughout the country was born: of the ciVilian authority over our national at the death of this gallant and remark A virtue, to be serviceable, must, like gold, destiny. able person. be alloyed with some commoner but more Even when I was fighting him vigorously Dwight David Eisenhower has rightly serviceable metal. on some issues in the Congress-on food stamps, medicare, and some of the other been called a great general and a great Mr. Speaker, I believe Dwight Eisen domestic issues--! never doubted tor a mo President. But, mostly, I would call him hower was a marvelous alloy. Millions ment the sincerity of his views or the hon simply a great man. of people around the world today are esty of his approach. He was, in all respects, The key to his greatness was the repeating a famous phrase: "I like Ike." a man to be admired and respected. I join warmth and sincerity of his personality, Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, today I all of my fellow citizens in sorrow over his which were reflected in his compassion death following such a magnificent and am introducing legislation that would dignified and courageous life of service to and regard for his fellow men. The authorize the minting of all quarter-dol his country. measure of his greatness was the strong lar pieces with a likeness of former Pres hold he so easily retained throughout his ident Dwight David Eisenhower. Mr. ROBISON. Mr. Speaker, my family enttre career on the confidence, respect, This tribute to President Eisenhower joins with the millions of others and affection of the people of this Nation; is only fitting when one considers his throughout the world who will mourn indeed, throughout the world community. dedicated service to his country. Our the loss of Dwight David Eisenhower General Eisenhower has left to Amer country and the world are more secure a great and good man. ica a legacy of bravery, integrity, cour because of his efforts in times of war and His death, after his prolonged illness age, and devotion to country a~d to dem peace. He was a man of courage; a man and almost miraculous recovery from ocratic principles as a way of life. He was of integrity, and above all, a man of prior heart attacks, comes as no great a man of essential decency and kindness, kindness. Even in death, President Ei shock but it is, nevertheless, a personally the traits which endeared him to the senhower's spirit of dedication to his difficult thing to accept the fact that Nation. countrymen and his Nation will remain his wise counsel and always-encouraging His place in history is firmly estab as an inspiration to all. presence has been removed from us. lished by his many services to his coun The people of Iowa have had a special Dwight Eisenhower's place in history try. In the dark days of World War II, feeling in their hearts for President Ei was assured long before he assumed the he emerged as the strong commander of senhower throughout his career, because Presidency, but there have been some the Allied forces to win for the millions his beloved wife was reared in our State. who have questioned whether or not of Europeans their freedom from Nazi I know the people of Iowa will join me his tenure in that most difficult of all tyranny. Who of us can forget D-day and in extending our prayers and sympathy offices added anything to his stature. the extreme courage the general dis to Mrs. Eisenhower and the family in I have never understood nor shared played in executing the invasion, which this time of sorrow. those questions. To my mind, back then was the only hope of stemming the Nazi Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, with and now, today, as I review the tumult onslaught? The remarkable trust he in the dignity befitting his entire lifetime, and the trouble of these past 8 years, stilled in the men who crossed the chan and with the respect he always earned General Eisenhower was-and will for nel and went on to the beachheads on and enjoyed, the American people have ever remain--one of our great Presi that June day was the hallmark of his been saying their personal farewells to dents. He brought peace and a respite ability to command and to lead. He sent a great and good man who served them from both domestic and international the Allied forces on to a glorious victory well. tensions to a nation badly in need of that gave Western Europe its freedom, such relief; he proved, if such needed We salute his fine family for the ad proving, that we could have prosperity and he stayed to watch over the liberated mirable manner in which they have lands and helped to rebuild them. He re without war, a steadily rising standard borne the long and trying months of of living without crippling inflation, and turned to America a 'sconquering hero" General Eisenhower's final illness, and in the true sense of the word, and it was that true progress could be made in the for the inspiration they have given all field of human rights without recourse his just due. · of us to bear our own burdens with His two terms as President was a grate to public confrontation in city streets. similar courage and fortitude. God grant that Richard Nixon, under ful nation's recognition of qualities of Mr. Speaker, there are unlimited trib leadership. In his person, he represented today's worsened circumstances, can do utes one could pay to our former Presi half as well-and God grant, too, that what America is--in war and in peace. dent and great wartime leader. When I Dwight David Eisenhower will always as Dwight Eisenhower leaves us, we, the heard of his death on Friday, and the American people, will be so inspired by be remembered and revered by every newspapers in my district asked me for American now living and for all genera his precept and example as to prove my comments, I made the following worthy of the trust he always had in us. tions to come. His page in history is a statement: shining example of a truly wonderful Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. Speaker, I man and a great American. STATEMENT BY CONGRESSWOMAN LEONOR K. have been deeply moved by the eulogies SULLIVAN UPON THE DEATH OF FORMER today on the life and career of General Mrs. Corman and I extend our deep PRESIDENT DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, FRIDAY, sympathy to Mrs. Eisenhower and the Eisenhower. It was not my privilege to MARCH 28, 1969 have served in Congress during the years family. We hope they will find solace in I don't think there was ever any narrow the knowledge that the Nation mourns partisanship in the character of Dwight D. of his Presidency. In those years I served with them. Eisenhower during his eight years as Presi in the legislature of my State. But on Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, it dent of the United States, which was one of two occasions, once before his election seems to me that Dwight Eisenhower the reasons why he could serve as effectively as our Chief Magistrate, and once after was one of those rare leaders with a as he did as a Republican President with a ward I met him, and his personal warmth predominantly Democratic Congress during I have always remembered. When he was genius for bringing people together. He six of those eight years. I think every Mem was a maker of friends, not a maker of campaigning for the Republican nomi ber of Congress recognized in him a man of nation before the Republican Conven enemies--for himself, for his political decency and of great dedication to the cause party, for his point of view, for his coun of freedom, and even when we disagreed tion ir{ 1952, he came to Detroit. It ~as try, and for the people of the wo:ld. with him-as we frequently did--on domes my privilege to sit on the platfor~ With His administration was a t1me of tic issues, there was never any bitterness him at that time, and to meet him on healing, of peacemaking, and of peace or attacks on his personal integrity. that occasion. After the close of his pres- Few Americans have ever left the White idential years, during the Michigan Con keeping. His life was devoted to goodness House with as much genuine good will and and mercy. warm feeling of approval as a person. History stitutional Convention in the spring His greatness as a man overshadows may not regard him as one of our greatest of 1962, General Eisenhower came to that his greatness as a general or as a Presi Presidents, but it is certain to include h.im convention in Lansing. A few of us who dent; and yet, his ready smile and his among the greatest Americans. And cons1d- were delegates at that convention were 8114 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 privileged to have luncheon with him in peace as he had in war. In the years Powers in Europe within the North At at the home of Dr. John Hannah, then since General Washington, no one has lantic Treaty Organization, as our Presi president of Michigan State University. better earned the phrase that he was dent, twice elected by landslide major I sat across the table from him then, and "first in war, first in peace, and first in ities, and as a man still revered after he for an hour and a half he kept us en the hearts of his countrymen." He had left office. But aside from all this, Gen raptured by his experiences, his philos the uncommon quality of understanding eral Eisenhower has left our Nation a ophy, and his life as a retired President the common man and helping him to legacy to which to cling-to live by, to living at Gettysburg and his interest in achieve his finest potentialities. No Presi build on-basic principles and basic com Eisenhower College. The occasion im dent in our history has been better loved monsense good in any circumstances. pressed me deeply, and I shall remember and it will always be one of the treasures There was his essential decency as a him vividly as long as I live. of my life that fortune gave me the op man, his humility as a leader, his readi Mr. DANIELS of New Jersey. Mr. portunity to know him personally. Our ness to make deicsions, and his willing Speaker, I rise to express the profound country will always be his debtor, as in ness to take the blame if the decisions sorrow of the people of the 14th Con fact so will we and all of humanity. went wrong. President Nixon, in a state gressional District of New Jersey at the Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, the life of ment, pointed out that the one key to passing of our 34th President, Dwight Dwight Eisenhower was a very special the character of General Eisenhower was David Eisenhower. gift of the Almighty to our contemporary revealed in a message the general had Because in the later years of his life he world. Few men have been endowed with prepared in case the landings in France was involved in the world of partisan the personal qualities to make them, all on D-day had failed. This message politics, his was to some extent a contro at the same time, etiective, objective, never issued because the landings were a versial figure. There were those who resolute, and compassionate. Few men success and led directly to the end of agreed with him on particular policies have been able to encompass in one life the war-included these sentences: and those who difiered with him. Yet, the roles of warrior, statesman and The troops, the air and the Navy, did all while there might have been disagree peacemaker. Few men have been able to that bravery and devotion could do. If any ment about Eisenhower the President, inspire, at the same time, love from their blame or fault attaches to the attempt it 1s there was no disagreement about Eisen friends, respect from their enemies, and mine alone. hower the man. I know that there has confidence from their fellow men. Yet, he This was typcial of General Eisen been no man who in my lifetime has did all of these things. hower-a man ready to take the conse enjoyed the trust and confidence of his General Eisenhower was a true moder quences of decision. fellow citizens to the extent that Gen ate. In one of the first utterances he ever The convictions which led to his de eral Eisenhower did. made in my presence, he said, "No prog cisions were bolstered by the thorough Mr. Speaker, General Eisenhower was ress can be made by walking in the gutter ness with which he made them, and one a professional military man and indeed to the far right, or the far left. It can of the fundamentals in his planning was one of the great military figures of only be made by walking resolutely down to consider the consequences if they our history. He ranks with Washing the middle of the road. This is where I proved wrong-what to do next--what ton, Grant, Lee, Sherman, Sheridan, plan to walk." alternatives. These were the qualities Pershing, and MacArthur in our glossary The world is today a poorer place than which made him a great general, and the of military leaders. He possessed military it was yesterday because President Eisen qualities maintained through the major virtues in abundance. He was always an hower is no longer in it. We thank God decisions of his years as the Nation's enlisted man's general, humble and self for his life, we express our sympathy to Chief Executive. They are qualities that etiacing. And it was General Eisenhower Mrs. Eisenhower and the Eisenhower too often have been lacking in Washing who had spent almost all his adult life as family, and we pray that Almighty God ton when greali plans were pushed a professional soldier who warned his will give his great soul rest and eternal through with little or no thought to the fellow citizens about the dangers of the peace. possiblity of failure, or to the alterna military-industrial complex in a free Mrs. REID of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I tives. But these qualities are essential to society. join with Americans everywhere and the leadership of the future-and they Dwight David Eisenhower brought to people the world over in mourning the are General Eisenhower's most enduring public life a sense of decency, a sense of passing of our 34th President--who in legacy. propriety, and above all, a deep devotion death as in life will be remembered In death Dwight Eisenhower becomes to this Nation and its ideals. His virtues among our country's greatest statesmen no longer a man of the 20th century but were perhaps the virtues of an earlier and patriots. He was one of those individ a man of immortality who will live on America, an America which was not uals who had the rare privilege of seeing through the ages in the hearts of his ashamed to wear its patriotism on its himself become a living legend-hailed countrymen-along with Washington, sleeve, an America which believed in God and admired by peoples around the world. Jetierson, Lincoln, and others who have and the family as the basic unit of a free He won the love, respect, and devotion of made our Nation great. This generation and just society. At this critical time his fellow man. In our Nation's darkest and those to come will never forget the these seem to be the virtues that this hour of need, he came forward to lead the legend of Eisenhower the general, Eisen Nation needs most. free world to victory. hower the President, and "Ike" the His contributions to this Nation and Dwight David Eisenhower began his citizen. to the free world will live after him. Of service to his people as a soldier of war. At this time, I want to extend my deep him it may be said, as Richard Henry Lee He ended as a crusader for peace. For sympathy to the Eisenhower family. said of an earlier military man, George both he will be long remembered by a Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, America Washington, who served as President world that knew and loved him. He be ·has lost one of its finest oitizens in the during trying times, he was "first in war, lieved superbly in the motto of West passing of former President Dwight first in peace, and first in the hearts of Point, his alma mater-"Duty, honor, David Eisenhower. The President leaves his countrymen." country"-and he dedicated his life to an outstanding record as a military tac Mr. BENNET!'. Mr. Speaker, every these high principles. He was a man of tician and former commander of all Al American and every freedom-loving per great strength, wisdom, and compassion. lied forces in Europe during World War son on this globe has lost a dear friend in As we mourn the passing of General II. He was a distinguished military grad the passing of General and President Eisenhower, we think first of the loss of uate of West Point and had the distinc Eisenhower. At the end of World War II, a man who stood for America, a man tion of leading this country both in time as I was a patient in Army-Navy hospital whose courage, personality, and integrity of war and peace. in Arkansas, I wrote to General Eisen lifted the Nation in times of crisis-a His 8 years as President of our country hower and urged him to run for the Pres pillar of strength who could be relied saw America prospering and under his idency, as I felt he was just the man who upon for wise counsel and leadership. We able leadership our country was recog was needed to lead our country in those think of all he exemplified, of all he did nized world wide for the strength of our troubled times. I was never sorry that I as commanding general in World War II, military forces, and for our industrial had made that judgment and that in the as an educator, serving as president of growth. Also our abilities to negotiate years that followed that he went to the Columbia University, as the organizer and work with other nations of the free White House and led our country so well and first supreme commander of Allied world were well known. During the last March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8115 8 years of his life, he sought retirement Sunday to pay our respects to the great fact in the famous speech in Macbeth to the serenity of a small farm in Gettys President of peace, Dwight David Eisen which begins: burg, Pa., on lands which ironically join hower, my thoughts went back to my Nothing in his life became him like the to the great military battlefield between earlier discussions with the President. leaving it. the North and South during the War Serving him as Regional Chairman of In the case of Dwight David Eisenhow Between the States. the White House Conference on Youth, er, however, everything in his life became As I silently walked past the body of I recall how often he would urge ·our him like the leaving it. this great American lying in state in the Nation's youth to use "commonsense.'' Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, the world has rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, which tra Every single individual was unique, and lost a friend. People of all ages, all po ditionally is reserved exclusively for out had something special to offer to Amer litical ideologies and all nations re standing Americans, my mind went back ica. Every single individual was impor spected and revered Dwight D. Eisen some quarter of a century ago when the tant to "Ike," and he would often speak hower. He was a great military leader in general was my own military commander of the great need to provide better educa times of war. But more important, he just prior to the invasion of Normandy tional opportunities for America's youth. was the President who united this Na in World War II. I still treasure the in I remember how he outlined the "way" tion and led it to peace. A deeply religious dividual letter which he wrote each man for our youth. man, his strong spirit and will were evi taking part in the invasion of France. We must not look for the simple way dent even in these last days and hours. It was a warm, personal sort of mes the easy way-but we must understand Dwight Eisenhower's mission in life was sage from a ·leader whom we all had and know that the best way is so often to chart a course toward permanent great confidence in and whom we would the hardest way. Many men put forth world peace and human benefit. The follow without question in carrying out their ideas to simplify a youngster's edu greatest tribute we can pay him is to do his orders for the long-awaited and cation and growth. ''Ike" would pause a everything in our power to fulfill this much-planned landing in Normandy. moment, then more deliberately and mission. It was a solemn hour going across on more thoughtfully restate his belief Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, we are all the old Navy LST's on the morning of that America's youth could-and saddened by the death of Dwight D. June 6, 1944, but somehow every GI felt would-respond to the call for individual Eisenhower. Soldier and statesman, his better about whatever he might face responsibility and individual develop life was. one of distinguished and dis during the days and weeks ahead, because ment. ciplined devotion to service. he carried that special letter from Gen. And because "Ike" believed in you-you As the general commanding the great Dwight D. Eisenhower in his pocket or believed in yourself. And you believed in est military force ever assembled, he led tucked away under his steel helmet. the others who struggled daily beside you American and Allied armies to victory in In the after years, we may not have in the bettering of an often-troubled Europe. always agreed wholeheartedly with some world. "Ike" understood Emerson's of the President's decisions nor necessar Called by his countrymen to the high phrase: est office in this Republic, he brought an ily all of his political views, but make no The only way to have a friend is to be one. mistake about it, he was indeed a great end to the Korean conflict and main American. General Eisenhower will be General Eisenhower was my leader tained the peace during his years as our missed, for a man of his stature does during the war as this Nation forsook the President. not come along every day. I am confident easy way for the grueling, hard way that For his great leadership in these ac that both his spirit and his influence over brought us the one true victory that men complishments, he received the deep and the men he commanded in battle and call peace. Dwight David Eisenhower was continuing appreciation of a grateful over those who served with him during my leader again as he paced us as the people. For his dignity, humility, and his 8 years as President of our country great President for peace and prosperity. warmth of personality, he was held in will long be remembered. His infiuence "Ike" was my friend as he befriended our affection by all. will be felt in this country and through Nation, and as he issued the call for indi To Mrs. Eisenhower and his family, I out the world for many, many years to vidual leadership on the part of all extend my deepest sympathy as we all come. Americans. share in their loss and bereavement. Mr. McCLURE. Mr. Speaker, the Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, Mr. WATSON. Mr. Speaker, because greatest monument to a public figure 1s everything in the life of Dwight David of the universal esteem with which Gen the esteem in which he is held by his Eisenhower became him like the leaving eral Eisenhower was held, I deem it fellow man. If that is the measure, then it. appropriate for Congress to take imme Dwight Eisenhower was truly the man The accomplishments of Dwight Ei diate action to preserve the memory of of his time. senhower as soldier and statesman, as this honored American by renaming the His service to his country, to the world, general and President, richly deserve the District of Columbia Stadium, the and to the cause of freedom is un praise and admiration they have re "Dwight David Eisenhower Memorial matched in this century. He marshaled ceived. But I would like to focus upon Stadium." the greatest force for war in the history another of his great achievements; the Therefore, in order to pay this initial of mankind. After that, he marshaled the courage of Dwight Eisenhower in the tribute to this distinguished American, greatest force for peace the world has face of death. I plan to introduce a resolution to attain seen-the spirit of the American people. Many times during 1968 the dark just such a goal. There is a certain irony in the fact that solemnity of the death watch settled This magnificent stadium was built this man of war gave us the longest sus over Walter Reed Hospital here in Wash during the administration of President tained period of peace in the last three ington; just as many times the bright Eisenhower. As we all know, he was a decades. light of the famous grin of Ike was shed sports enthusiast. His example of cour Those of us from Idaho have always yet again upon a relieved world. The fact age, fair play, devotion to duty, and deep felt a special fondness for Dwight Ei that we mourn him in 1969 rather than humility are the attributes of a great senhower. We recall that the first speech 1968 is a tribute to more than the mir athlete ·and it was this example which he gave in his quest for the Presidency acles of medical science. It is a tribute inspired untold millions to conquer life's was delivered on the steps of the State to the unquenchable spirit of man adversities. capitol in Boise. From that point in 1952 surely the greatest glory of God's earth. I know that all my colleagues will want to his final resting place in Abilene, Ike Dwight Eisenhower has left us many to join in this worthy endeavor. traveled the path of peace and freedom. legacies. To my mind, perhaps the great Few men of history have ever received It is a journey that will be remembered est is the memory of his unbroken will the univer-sal love, respect, and acclaim throughout history. and transcendent character when his during their own lifetime as that ac On behalf of the citizens of the First body was at its weakest. For h1s refusal corded to General Eisenhower. His con District of Idaho, I wish to extend our to slip easily into death is an enduring tinuing strength and abiding faith were deepest sympathy to Mrs. Eisenhower inspiration to all who must undergo an inspiration to people everywhere, and and the other members of the Elsen adversity. when he finally succumbed to an illness hower family. Mr. Speaker, no matter what they which had plagued him for so long, we Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, as we as may have been in life, many men have could not help but be exalted by the sembled in the rotunda of the Capitol died well. Shakespeare celebrated that tenacity with which a man his age clung 8116 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 to life. His universal appeal as soldier, First and foremost his objective was a My youth returns, like the rains of Spring statesman, humanitarian and those world in which free men could llve in And my sons, like the wild geese flying, other accomplishments of such a great harmony together. This was his crusade. And I lie and hear the meadow-lark sing, and noble spirit will be forever enshrined It was his fervent prayer during the years And have much content 1n my dying. in the hearts of all who aspire to make after he left the White House. Go play with the towns you have bullt of this earth of ours a better place to live. The last time I visited General Eisen blocks, hower, a little more .than a year ago, at The towns where you would have bound There will be countless ways in which Ike me. will be remembered in the years ahead. Gettysburg, the famous grin was as in I sleep 1n my earth like a tired fox, While I am certain that each of us will fectious as ever, the twinkle in his blue And my buffalo have found me. recall him in a different way, I shall re eyes seemed to mock at time. It came member most of all his indomitable with a stab of pain to realize that he was, Godspeed the train to Abilene. courage and boundless optimism during indeed, growing old. Mr. ZION. Ike is gone. The coura the dark days of World Warn. Just as We who fought under him in Europe geous heart is finally stilled. The grand his contemporary, the great Sir Winston and shared his victories, we who worked old soldier whose life and career were so Churchill, Dwight David Eisenhower with him to carry out his programs in closely entwined with the destiny of his stands as one of the giants of the 20th Congress, we who were privileged to country has been permitted to rest at century, because he and Churchill played counsel with him at Gettysburg in later last. such an important role in leading us years--we had grown accustomed to Ei Dwight David Eisenhower was never a through the most monumental crisis senhower victories over impossible odds, quitter. He fought his way from the pov that our century has thus far been con even those posed by his failing health. erty of a prairie farm boyhood to the fronted with-the Second World War. After so many victories, it was hard ranks of West Point. His career sent him The Nation, indeed the world, stands a to accept the inevitable, that one day to the summit of military achievement as little sadder today because of his passing. he would fight his last great battle and commander of Allied forces in World But, we can take heart. His life made it would lose, as all men must. We are War n. A grateful nation refused, as possible for us to stand taller as we face grateful that death came to him quietly they had refused General Washington, the future with renewed purpose, direc and gently. the opportunity of a quiet retirement fol tion, and above all, hope. His long life was filled with mighty lowing the conclusion of his military ca Mr. MINSHALL. Mr. Speaker, twelve and heroic struggles. His valiant spirit reer and bestowed upon General Eisen hundred miles of railroad track tie endures to inspire all men who love free hower the Presidency of the United Washington to Abilene. dom. States. ms tenure as President marked America's heart is on the train carry Dwight David Eisenhower combined one of the great eras of prosperity and ing home the body of Dwight David the best qualities of ordinary Americans peace in the national history. Eisenhower from the Capital of the Na and thereby became the most extraordi Ike was no speechmaker. He had little tion he served so devotedly to the vast nary American our country has produced. familiarity with the clever tum of phrase golden wheat fields of the Kansas he He was a man's man who loved the out that characterizes the experienced poU loved. doors, who once wistfully remarked, of tician. His own formal politics were, at Soldier, statesman, he epitomized all the squirrels on the White House lawn: best, uncertain. But his philosophy of that we like to think is best in the Amer They have a freedom I would personally living, of duty, of loyalty to country, of ican character. He was friend to the dearly love. honor-these were firmly rooted in the great traditions of America. From these world, and the world responded to his And now, after so many years of striv he never swerved. Successful politics warmth. "I like Ike" probably has been ing to bring new understanding of the repeated in nearly every language spoken involves the art of compromise. And his words freedom and brotherhood to the tory will thus not record Dwight Eisen on the globe. world, his work is finished. hower as a master politician. For the As President Nixon said in his beauti Abilene was little more than a frontier principles of decency and honor learned ful eulogy yesterday in the rotunda, Gen town when young Dwight Eisenhower in midwest farm upbringing simply would eral Eisenhower undoubtedly was loved moved there as a boy. The names of Bat by more people in more parts of the not be compromised by this man. Masterson, Wyatt Earp, and other Kan Americans sensed the character of world than any other American Presi sas heroes were not mere legends to him, which Ike was made. He was elected and dent. they were vivid memories on the lips of reelected to the Presidency by over Each of us who had the privilege of his elders. He grew up on stories of pio whelming majorities. The Nation that he calling him friend has his own special neers, hardships, of the right and wrong had served so well for so long was memories of the 34th President of the of the western frontier. He was taught, strangely moved by this kind, good Pres United States. and believed, and proved, that a man ident who cared little for the entrap Mine extend back to World War U can be anything he aspires to be, if he is ments of power. He left the Presidency when I first met him in the European honest, willing to work hard, has courage in 1961 enjoying a pinnacle of esteem Theater. He was a soldier's soldier, a and faith in his Creator. that few men in the history of this world commander who inspired confidence, de Speaking of his childhood, General have enjoyed. votion, courage, the will to win. Eisenhower once said: His greatest battle was yet before him. Yet Great Britain's Lord Moran, who I found out in later years that we were The ravages of world wars and 8 years knew him well, sensed even then the real very poor, but the glory of Amertca 1s that in the Presidency had taken their toll. Dwight Eisenhower, the man of peace. In we didn't know it then. His weary heart began to fail. A nation the bleak days of 1943 Lord Moran wrote The boy from Abilene now is part of waited and prayed with the family of of the general that- the glory of America. He has left a Dwight Eisenhower through each new Could he have had his way he would have heritage neither time nor death can crisis--each terrible onslaught on the spent a quiet life in the country stillness, extinguish. gallant heart. near some tree-reflecting stream, but that After a life of devotion to his country, Now, kind providence has stilled his was not to be his lot. He loathed war. to the cause of freedom throughout the suffering and a nation remains to mourn It was precisely because he knew the world, he is going home to what he al the passing of her faithful son. I may horrors of war and the blessings of peace, ways called "the heart of America." Not only hope that the collective memory of that as Commander in Chief he was able far from his resting place fiows the what he was will remind all of our peo to give our Nation the only virtually un "tree-reflecting stream," the Smoky Hill ple of what we, as a nation, have been troubled 8 years this country has known River. Spring is a burst of loveliness on and what we still can be. since the end of World Warn. The times the Kansas plains, summer a blaze of Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, in Gen- were no less demanding, the decisions he heat and ripening grain, fall a triumph eral Eisenhower's death our entire Na made during his two terms in office were of harvest, winter harsh and cold tion, regardless of our individual views as critical as any during the European and a time for fireside stories of the days and perspectives, mourns the passing of campaign. But while he was President when Kansas was young, stories Dwight one of our great leaders. not one drop of American blood was shed Eisenhower loved all his life. I join all Americans in mourning the in battle, not one inch of free world soU And he can say, with Benet's "William passing of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower. lost. Sycamore": His page in history will indeed be an March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8117 illustrious one and his contributions to people of America-indeed the people of the bond between General Eisenhower the free world and his search for lasting the world-mourn the death of a great and the people. They are words well and peace have endeared him to all people. man, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower. He justly spoken, and I include them here General Eisenhower was in many ways gained the affection and respect of all with: the embodiment of the virtues which men as a hero of peace as well as a hero [From the Newark (N.J.) Evening News, have sustained our Nation through the of war. Mar. 31, 1969] nearly 200 years of our existence. As President he brought us a peaceful NATION IN MOURNING Some people said that he projected a end to the Korean conflict. Just as he A great American has died and no presi "father image." This to me is a high ended the war with Germany by military dential proclamation was required to impel compliment. For in times of stress and action. Rarely has a military leader so the nation to mourn his passing. His country uncertainty he was the man in whom completely earned the world's a.ttention men gave Dwight David Eisenhower honors the Nation placed its highest trust, and and trust as a statesman. The sympathy and gratitude. And they gave him the great est office within their power to give. But he lived up to that trust to the best of of our Nation and the world goes out to more than acclaim and reward, they gave his ability. Mrs. Eisenhower and her family in their him their affection. He was a good soldier, an outstanding hour of grief. Their loss is truly our loss. To the people he was no remote hero, general, and above all, in a time of ten Great men need no eulogies. Their no aloof statesman. To the people he was Ike. sion and division, a unifying force for character and deeds require no external What special quality did he possess that a nation surrounded by a world of peril illumination and in fact none is possible. evoked this bond? It was, it seems, a na and trouble. They shine out of the past unaided or tional response to a man of warmth and General Eisenhower's influence went not at all. simplicity to whom it gave its confidence and votes in unprecedented degree. And with beyond the years of his Presidency. Through them the world is perma the presidency went a personal affection that Nearly to his dying day, he was a leader nently changed and goes on changing. few Americans have attained. who provided counsel and guidance to Their truth, we may imperfectly un Dwight Eisenhower had gained world fame. the men who have been and are respon derstand and express, neglect and forget, He was the man who, having led an army sible for carrying on the highest re but it remains unalterably part of our to victory in the greatest of all wars, hated sponsibilities of this Nation. history. war as a "damnable thing." He hated it for Although he was elected as a Re It falls upon us, the living, however, what it meant in hardship and sacrifice to publican, he was not at heart a partisan the countless young men he had to commit to preserve that past in the living mem to the hazards of battle. A compassionate man. He championed causes which he ory of each new generation. It is this man, it was this bitter experience which had believed were good for this Nation and duty particularly that prompts us to offer its origin in the fires of war that inspired the cause of freedom. And he did it at our thoughts at a time when a reverent his deep devotion to peace so manifest dur times by rallying some fragments of his and grateful silence would speak best our ing his eight years in the presidency. political party to the support of the deepest feelings. He was a man who wore his honors with undertakings of Democratic adminis Many have noted the presence of many easy dignity, born of a strain of religious trations. humility so alien to the cynicism of today's young people amidst the thousands that world. He spoke often and proudly of his General Eisenhower came from the have come to pay their final respects to mother's training in his formative years and Midwest, the heartland of our Nation. General Eisenhower. Many of these were he did so without affectation or hesitation. All of us mourn him. My wife joins me born since the end of his final term as He grew up in simpler, if harder, times and in extending heartfelt sympathy to his President and a great many more did for today's young there is a lesson in the beloved wife and family. May they be not live through the trials and triwnphs disciplines that he accepted without question comforted in the knowledge of the love of World War II. It is for these new in his youth. and hope he inspired throughout the citizens of our country that we should Now the general of the army, the two-time world. president, the man from Abilene is de81d, direct our praise for the man we honor and his mourning country is dlm1nished by Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, President today. the loss. Eisenhower was a strong man, physically Yesterday President Nixon eloquently and morally. stated the essential quality of General [From the Newark (N.J.) Star-Ledger, I admired, as did all Americans, his Eisenhower, saying: Mar. 29, 19691 courageous fight for life through a long It was the character of the ma.n, not whStt IKE: SOLDIER, POLITICIAN series of operations and heart attacks. he did but what he was. For Dwight David Eisenhower, it was a full, History will probably record as the two productive and eventful life; it was a life greatest accomplishments of his life the It is the example of this simple, hon divided into two diverse, distinct worlds, the fact that during the 8 years in which he est man that commends itself to us today military and politics, and profoundly in served as President he kept the United as our Nation strives to heal the wounds fluenced the life and times of hundreds of States at peace, and his administration of discord that have come to trouble its millions, in war and in peace. was untouched by the scandals that tar spirit. The challenges that Dwight D. Ironically, it seemed Eisenhower was never Eisenhower faced in his day, while per completely at ease in either pursuit that nished preceding and subsequent admin occupied his adult life . .. one for which he istrations. haps different, were no less difficult than was trained, the other for which he was In the most respected sense of the those we face today or will face tomor drafted to resuscitate a long mordant Re word, President Eisenhower was a simple row. He met and conquered them without publican Party. man, uncomplicated and unpretentious fear or malice in the finest tradition of Millions of Americans had a deep and in his great affection for his country. "duty, honor, country." abiding affection for the Kansas farm boy; I extend my sympathy to Mrs. Eisen In his death by reminding us all of the they cast him in a heroic mold as a m111tary leader and as a reassuring father image in hower and members of the famliy. immortality of these truths General political life. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, tributes Eisenhower has served his country as Like other world leaders before him, Gen. can hardly do justice to the service that he served it in his lifetime. Eisenhower was a product of his times. His Dwight D. Eisenhower gave to his coun Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I join with early military life could hardly be described try and the entire free world. His kind my colleagues, my country, and the world as distinguished; as a professional soldier he does not often pass among us. in mourning the death of Dwight David was resigned to rounding out his career as a He was surely one of our greatest gen Eisenhower, the 34th President of the colonel, but cataclysmic events dramatically United States. The world has lost a decreed otherwise. erals and one of our truly peace-loving And later in private life, when he was con Presidents. His successful leadership of leader; the country has lost a devoted tent to live out the years in the tranquility the United States in war and peace made servant; and all Americans have lost a of the academe, he was thrust into the every home in our Nation safer and many man that was a source of courage and political arena, a reluctant candidate who times contributed to the protection of inspiration to them. only four years earlier had observed that a our free Western civilization. President Eisenhower will long be re military man should not run for President He was both a great man and a good membered for his leadership during the unless there were exceptional circumstances man who was possessed of moral cour Second World War and later during the to make it necessary. In both spheres of his life there were per age and genuine kindness; a man you Korean conflict. He will long be remem sonal confilcts, close to the surface of thls would be proud to call your friend. bered for his courage and determination leader, that occasionally broke through the Though he has fallen, his greatness in his long battle with death. characteristic Eisenhower grin, a lifelong and his deeds will never die. The Newark Evening News and Star trait that established a warm relationship Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker, the Ledger has both captured the spirit and wlth Americans and foreigners altke. 8118 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 Born of pacifist origins, he chose the Army ing, victorious leadership of our united shared in a very real sense by the entire as a profession and was later to lead three military forces in a most crucial war. country, million men into battle in history's greatest This great American stood out for his military operation. But he was intrinsically a The article referred to follows: man of peace who never really strayed far truly illustrious service to our country EISENHOWER, MAMIE, AND FORT SAM HOUSTON afield from the pacificist teachings of a and the American people as President (Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, who died mother who frowned on his choice of a for 8 long critical years in our history. Friday, felt a special attachment to Fort Sam career. His motivations were always lofty; his Houston and San Antonio. So did his widow, As a m111tarist who knew on an intimate principles were based on solid American the former Mamie Doud. Here is the story level the essential evil of war, Gen. Eisen values; and his concerns and contribu about the couple's close affiliat ion to historic hower was avowedly dedicated to peace in his tions encompassed the Nation, the world, Fort Sam Houston.) private and political lives after he left the and all mankind. The most distinguished military leaders Army. He was a world leader who made a He was a personal friend, and I looked of this nation have served tours of duty at number of fateful decisions, including one historic Fort Sam Houston. that assured his election as President when upon him with highest regard, admira Gen. Douglas MacArthur, Gen. John J . he declared that he would go to Korea to tion, and affection. "Black Jack" Pershing, Gen. Jonathan M. seek an armistice. He was kindly, generous, and humane, Wainwright, Gen. Walter Krueger, were all But while there was unrestrained praise instinctively dedicated to the highest men in whom the U.S. Army and Fort Sam for Gen. Eisenhower, there were detractors concepts of duty, not only in his career Houston personnel take great pride. But for for President Eisenhower who never seemed as a soldier but in the Presidency and Dwight David Eisenhower, President of the to get over an elemental distaste for the throughout his entire life. United States, General of the Army, this feel rough-and-tumble milieu of politics. His re ing of pride and admiration has always been luctance to exert his immense popularity as He will be greatly missed by all of us, a little special. a potent lever in the civil rights area, after the American people he served so well, Perhaps this feeling of kinship and affec this volatile social issue drew an unprece and peoples everywhere whom he was so tion for Gen. Eisenhower stems from the fact dented constitutional vitality from Supreme eager to help toward prosperity, free that he began his career at Fort Sam Hous Court landmark decision on school desegre dom, and peace. He has left a great ton as a young second lieutenant fresh from gation in 1954, was deplored in a number of legacy of honest, distinguished, loyal West Point, in September 1915, while assigned quarters. to the 19th Infantry, that he brought his 20- He was a caretaker President at a time service to our country, which will always be gratefully remembered. year-old bride to Fort Sam Houston on July when the nation was at the height of its 11, 1916, 10 days after their marriage. power and vigor, determined to keep the ship I extend my prayers and most heartfelt He received his first star in ceremonies held of state on an even keel in foreign and do sympathy to his wonderful, devoted wife at Fort Sam Houston in 1941 and from here mestic waters. .It was a sense of caution that and all his dear ones, and join them in he departed at the onset of World War IT, to marked his early m111tary life and carried mourning him. make military history as one of our greatest over into his tenure as President. Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, all soldiers. In World War II, as commander of the Americans, regardless of political per In his book "At Ease-Stories I Tell My Euorpean theater, the general established his Friends," the general said: "One Sunday niche in m111tary history; he did not come suasion, mourn the passing of former President and General of the Army afternoon after I'd been in Texas for some up quite as well as the nation's peacetime months, I walked out of the bachelor officer commander-in-chief. He was not a social in Dwight David Eisenhower. He was a sin quarters to make a guard post inspection as novator like President Roosevelt before him gularly beloved President and a great Officer of the Day. and President Johnson after him; nor did he military leader. Born in Texas and raised display the combative personal stamp that in Kansas, his achievements have made MAJOR'S WIFE marked the Administration of President a profound mark on the history of this "On the sidewalk across the street was a Truman. small group of people, one of whom was As President, Mr. Eisenhower was a chief Nation. Lulu Harris, wife of a major. executive wno chose to remain aloof from Not only was "Ike" one of our most "'Ike,' she called, 'won't you come over the fires of partisan conflict, nor was he a loved Presidents and a great leader of the here? I have some people I'd like you to strong influence on Congress. It is likely that Allied military effort in World War n, meet.' when his Administration is reviewed in his but he was prophetic in his farewell "'Sorry, Mrs. Harris,' I called back, 'I'm on torical terms, Ike will likely be categorized address as President in his assessment guard duty and have to start an inspection as a good president, not a great one. of the risks inherent in a growing mili trip.' It was an Administration largely inftuenced tary-industrial complex in a democratic "She then turned to one young girl, as I by the so-called Assistant President, Sher discovered later, and said, 'Humph! The man Adams, a stern, implacable New Eng society. As one who has drawn inspira woman hater of the post. • lander who became embroiled in an unsavory tion from his valedictory address before "The girl said something to Mrs. Harris that episode involving a Boston industrialist, and it became currently popular to do so, I caused her to call once more. 'We didn't ask John Foster Dulles, the architect of a foreign have long be~n impressed with his per you to come over to stay. Just come over and policy that was blamed for much of Amer ception. Nothing indicates the greatness meet these friends of mine.' " ica's present difficulties overseas. of this fine old soldier more than his re Eisenhower had misgivings about running CROSSED STREET for the presidency, and there were periods spect for rule by the people and for the Lt. Eisenhower did cross the street in front when he was neither comfortable nor happy due process of democracy. of Bldg. 688, on Infantry Post Road and was in this most demanding and lonely citadel San Antonio is proud of its connection introduced to the Doud family of Denver, of power. It was in one of these moments of with the career of this great American Colo., who were spending the winter in San self doubts that the President once told the during his years of service at Fort Sam Antonio. late House Speaker Sam Rayburn that his Houston. It was on our historic Army This was the first meeting of Ike and his torians would probably rank him with George base in 1915 that First Lieutenant Eisen beloved Mamie. And it did not end with a Washington and Robert E. Lee as one of the simple introduction. The young officer great military leaders of the nation. As hower first met Miss Mamie Doud, and promptly asked the attractive and captivat President, he wasn't sure how he would be where they started their married life. ing 18-year-old Miss Doud if she would care graded in history. "Ike" was reassigned from Fort Sam in to walk along with him on his rounds of the It was a perceptive self-appraisal that 1917, preparatory to fighting in World guard posts. She just as promptly accepted could stand as an objective accounting of War I, and it was not until1941 that the the invitation, although she admitted in later this leader's life in war and peace, a domi Eisenhowers were again in residence at years that walking was not one of her favorite nant, inftuential ·figure whose stature never Fort Sam. But certainly this assignment forms of exercise. diminished in the eyes and hearts of his was again a most memorable one for On Valentine's Day, 1916, Ike gave Mamie grateful countrymen. his West Point class ring and formally asked them, because it was at Fort Sam that her father for her hand in marriage. He Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I am pro "Ike" was promoted to brigadier gen- almost didn't get lt. foundly touched and deeply grieved by eral, receiving his first star. A recent ar Only his deep love for 11 ttle Mamie kept the passing of President Eisenhower. He ticle from the San Antonio Light which Dwight D. Eisenhower from becoming one was one of our greatest Presidents and I am inserting at the end of my remarks o! this nation's first pioneer pllots. He des one of our greatest Americans. contains interesting details of General perately wanted to join the aviation section His entire life was unselfishly and Eisenhower's tours of duty at Fort Sam of the Signal Corps, as the Air Force was Houston. called in those days. However, Mr. Doud con brilliantly devoted to our country. He sidered ftying the sign of an irresponsible was a superb military leader, who won The sympathy of the Nation goes out character and threatened to withdraw his the hearts of his men and the gratitude to Mrs. Mamie Eisenhower and the Eisen consent to the marriage, Ike stayed on the of our country and allies, by his inspir- hower family, Their personal loss is ground. March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8119 On July 1, 1916, the Eisenhowers were At the close of the Louisiana maneuvers, unlike Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin does married in Denver, Colo., at the Central Col. Eisenhower received his first star and he stand forth as a head of state. Presbyterian Church. The bride received a promotion to brigadier general in ceremonies wedding ring purchased from Hertzberg's held on Ft. Sam Houston's Treat Field, How unlike Castro, Kosygin, Khru Jewelry Store in San Antonio and the groom dlrootly across the street from his quarters shchev, and Ho Chi-minh is this man received a promotion to first lieutenant. at 179 Artillery Post. who dedicated his life to the service of his Following a 10-day honeymoon, the couple On Dee. 7, 1941, Brig. Gen. Eisenhower country and recognized the innate worth returned to Ft. Sam Houston to take up li!e ate lunch and took a nap. The nap was very of the individual. in Ike's old quarters at 688 Infantry Post. brief. Shortly after he had retired his aide To him, power came from the people woke him to bring the news of the bombing BRIEF VISIT and should be used on their behalf, ra of Pearl Harbor. ther than for the ambitions and whims of In February, 1959, Mrs. Eisenhower paid a WEEK LATER brief visit to San Antonio. Asked about her any individual or privileged few. first home at Ft. Sam Houston she was most One week later on Dec. 14, Eisenhower, Like so many others, I had hoped for explicit in describing the quarters. She said on verbal orders from Gen. George C. Mar him a recovery in order that he might re that she and the general had started their shall, chief of staff, reported to Washington, D.C. and the Waz Department. turn to Gettysburg and continue to en married life in "the building to the left hand joy what was a well-earned and looked entrance of Infantry Post, the second stair He did not return to Ft. Sa.m Houston way, the first floor, the apartment on the again. However, he and Mrs. Eisenhower forward-to retirement, while ready to left.',. remembered the old Army post where they serve his country, as he always was, with With this information officials of the Army had met and established their first home. wise and straightforward counsel to In September, 1967, a large package ar younger men who acceded to the respon post were able to place a historical marker rived at the Ft. Sam Houston Military Mu over the entrance to the quarters. sibilities of national leadership. Shortly after their marriage, Lt. Eisen seum. It contained a pair of polished riding boots, one tropical worsted shirt and a pair He was a fine example of what this hower was made Ft. Sam Houston provost of wool riding pants. The uniform was from country can produce, and the most fitting marshal, a job he held until the spring of Gen. Eisenhower and was one he had worn monument America can erect to him is 1917 when his unit, the 19th Infantry, was during the North African campaigns of detailed to Camp Wilson adjacent to the main one honoring him for this example of the post. Ike went to Camp Wilson as regimental World War IT. greatness this country can produce for supply officer and assistant mustering officer COLOR PHOTO the service of humanity. for the Southern Department. In 1968, he and Mrs. Eisenhower auto It is an example the world will miss. LEON SPRINGS graphed a color photo of their quarters at Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, as an 179 Artlllery Post for historical purposes and When the 19th Infantry formed the 57th Air Foret: pilot during the Korean war, Mrs. Eisenhower wrote a personal letter to the words "I like Ike" summed up for Infantry and moved to Leon Springs for the post's Historical Society, describing their training, Ike went along with the unit. It me a genuine, honest-to-goodness affec experiences while serving in the house at Al was at Leon Springs that one of the most the outbreak of World Waz II. tion for my Commander in Chief. unusual experiences of his life occurred. He Ike did not forget Ft. Sam Houston-and though I never met him, he was a was struck by lightning while standing under Ft. Sam Houston will never forget him. friend--one could accept this with com a tree in front of his tent. plete assurance because of the quality Not only was Eisenhower knocked uncon Mr. MARSH. Mr. Speaker, the late of Dwight David Eisenhower, the man. scious by the bolt, but the 57th's adjutant, President Eisenhower had a close asso And this afternoon the bells will toll. Capt. Walton Walker, was also hit. Neither ciation with the Seventh Congressional man suffered any permanent damage and, in Can we hear them? fact, received a certain amount of local ac District of Virginia. His mother was born For whom do the bells toll, Mr. Speak claim after their commanding officer Col. in Augusta County, a short distance from er? They toll for me; they toll for you; David J . Baker, made it known that he was Fort Defiance, a small community near they toll for the American people; they the only regimental commander in the Army Staunton, in the historic Shenandoah toll for all men. We are all diminished by whose entire staff had been struck by light Valley. In fact, a number of the late his passing. ning and lived to tell the tale. President's distant kinsman are residents My thoughts and prayers are with his On Sept. 18, 1917, promoted to captain, of that area today. family and loved ones. Ike left Ft. Sam Houston for Ft. Ogelthorpe, This association was a source of great Ga., here he served as an instructor in the Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, officer training camp. The Eisenhower family pride to the citizens not only of this area General Eisenhower was a great man did not return to Ft. Sam Houston for almost but, indeed, of the entire Commonwealth in every sense of the word. He was an 25 years. of Virginia. The general received an en all-American man, universally accepted YEAR BETWEEN thusiastic welcome when, in the fall of as the epitome of all that is good. Hon The years between World War I and the fall 1960, he paid a visit to his mother's est, able, courageous, his every act was of 1941 were years of peace and years in birthplace and to Staunton, Va. in keeping with the highest standards which a career Army officer moved slowly up His death marks the passing of one of of human behavior. through the ranks while serving in various the remaining few world figures who were As I stood in the rotunda of the U.S. positions within the m111tary establishment. the architects of allied victory in World Capitol yesterday afternoon and wit Eisenhower was a tank corps commander, an War II. In this regard, we see the passing executive officer and a recreation officer, at nessed the placing of General Eisen different times and places during this period not only of a man, but of an era. Count hower's casket on the catafalque, I was of time. less thousands have honored by word overwhelmed by the memory of the man. He was promoted to major on June 17, 1918 and respectful presence the virtues of As the leader of our combat forces in and to lieutenant colonel on Oct. 14, 19•18. this great American leader whose public the European theater in World War II, These were temporary ranks however, and service covered such a broad horizon of I can well remember the manner of the it was not until July 2, 1920 that he was human endeavors ranging from military man, the positive nature of his remarks, given the permanent rank of major and leader to college president to Chief Ex not until 16 years later, on July 1, 1936, that the assurance he exuded to the free he became a permanent lieutenant colonel. ecutive. Many can extol better than I his world on the evening of the Normandy On July 1, 1941, their 25th wedding anni innumerable achievements and contri invasion on June 6, 1944. I clearly re versary, with Eisenhower newly promoted butions to his country and to humanity. call the series of military successes that to the rank of full oolonel, Mamie and Ike In a world that is a violent one, where followed which brought about the ulti returned to Ft. Sam Houston, where their many governments are likely to be dic mate surrender of the Axis Powers the life together had begun. They moved into tatorial and tyrannical as opposed to following May. Bldg. 177 on Artillery Post Road and two democratic, we see in this national loss As the elected leader of our Govern months later to Bldg. 179, quarters the the passing of a leader elected by the peo couple were to occupy until the outbreak of ment, he again exhibited his ability to World Waz n, a few short months later. ple because they respected and admired lead and to bring about peace to a frac him. tured international scene. Shortly after CHIEF OF STAFF When you look at the life of Eisen his assumption of the Presidency in 1952, On Aug. 1, 1941, Col. Eisenhower was hower, his dedication to democracy, to he announced the signing of an armistice assigned to duty as chief of staff of the 3rd the dignity of the individual, and basic Army under Gen. WaJ.ter Krueger. in Korea, which brought to an end an In the months of August and September, decent morality, he stands as an out other era of costly conflict. 1941, Eisenhower, Gen. Krueger and the 3rd standing example of leadership in a General Eisenhower's long and suc Army met the forces of Gen. Ben Lear's world that needs such examples. cessful career can best be summarized by Second Army in the famous Louisiana Ma His life is in contrast to a number of the expressions of those that come to neuvers. contemporary heads of government. How pay their last respects to him as the lies 8120 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 in state this very moment in the rotunda searched as hard for peace in the postwar Perhaps no President in history was more of the U.S. Capitol. The people come out world as he had for victory during the deeply and recognizably American than was Dwight D. Eisenhower. of admiration for a man who was loved massive confiict before. It was this quality- and revered by all who knew him, who Although he first came to fame as a imbued in the world in which he lived a war leader, I will remember him as a The Monitor continues-- spirit of good will and cooperation. They seeker for peace. whith so many millions abroad instantly come because "they liked Ike." We all President Eisenhower led us through felt upon meeting or seeing him. It was a did, and we will sadly miss him. those first frightening years of history quality of strength which served him ad Mr. HORTON. "Ike" Eisenhower was a when men possessed the power to de mirably, not only during the Presidency but unique American hero. stroy civilization. during his equally distinguished career as He was a military leader whose biggest The great affection of the people for an Army officer. battle was for peace. He was a President him certainly sustained him through The words so eloquently spoken by who gave outstanding moral leadership those difficult years. I could see, in the those in this Chamber today are testi to his people. He was an exemplary fam solemn faces of those who lined Washing- mony to General Eisenhower's char ily man. ton's streets as the funeral cortege passed acter, ability, leadership, and humility. Affection for this late President tran by, the affection held for President Eisen- I am deeply saddened by the death of scends national boundaries. He was a hower. General Eisenhower. Saddened in g per- world leader loved by men everywhere. To honor the late President, the heads sonal sense and also because this man His passing creates a void in our Nation of state from scores of countries came to represents one of that group of men who that may never be filled. Washington for the funeral services. brought us through some of our darkest The greatness of America and the Tens of thousands of mourners filed days. The stature of an Eisenhower is promise it holds for all its citizens is ex past the closed casket in the rotunda of not achieved without sacrifice or tribu- emplified in the life of President Eisen the Capitol. lation. hower. He was born of parents poor in As if in tribute to the late President, General Eisenhower was truly a hero, material wealth but rich in moral pink buds on the magnolia trees which and this Nation can never repay its debt strength. He drove himself to fulfill every line many of Washington's streets to his leadership of nations and people obligation he undertook. started to bloom early this morning. during the war, and as President of the President Eisenhower rose to world In a stirring eulogy, President Nixon United States. stature. His death takes from us an in told of the general's last words to Mrs. Because I began my involvement in spiration of a past era. Eisenhower. President Eisenhower had politics in that first Eisenhower-Nixon The Nation stands still at this moment. said. campaign by placing an "I Like Ike" We bow our heads in a silent prayer that I have always loved my wife. I have al- bumper strip on my bicycle, I pause to we may gain strength and wisdom in ways loved my children. I have always loved day to join the millions of people who following the path laid down by this my grandchildren. And I have always loved are sad at his death. I want to express great man. my country. my respect for the man who today lies Mrs. Horton and I, who both served The people he loved and the people in state in this building. under his command in North Africa and who loved him came in those few days Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, when I Europe, joined the tens of thousands of to say, "Thank you, 'Ike'-and good- searched my thoughts and feelings to people who came to the Capitol Sunday bye." find the words of praise and commem- to pay last respects to the late President. His life and his accomplishments oration appropriate for our late and be I watched as the historic, black-draped should be a constant reminder that in loved Dwight David Eisenhower-the caisson moved with slow and stately these times of turmoil, unrest, and ten- one which seems to best fit is "supreme" majesty on its sad journey to the Capi sion human qualities of sincerity, integ- in every sense of its meaning. tol. rity, duty, love, and goodness are our Dwight Eisenhower's service to Amer- Throngs of people lined the hushed ultimate solution. ica as a nation; to its people as citizens streets of Washington to watch the prog Mr. PATI'EN. Mr. Speaker, Dwight and, indeed, to all mankind is uniquely ress of the flag-covered casket. D. Eisenhower was not only one of the unparalleled in modern times. Perhaps Despite the damp, bone-chilling cold most popular Presidents in American the foundation for this supremacy was of the afternoon, and even through snow history. He was also a great patriot, inborn at his birth; only God knows that and rain that fell briefly, the people stood whose deep love for freedom helped him for a certainty. However, during the patiently and respectfully. Many brought achieve distinction in both military and course of his lifetime, from 1890 to 1969, young children. political fields. he developed his inborn characteristics I heard one woman explain to a pre People of all political faiths found through his love of God and for his conn school youngster: "The old President him a warm and sincere man, whose in- try, so as to become known and cherished was a great and good man. All these peo tegrity was never questioned. Let us re- by his fellow countrymen, civilian and ple have come to say goodby to him, to member that the freedoms Americans military in every walk and rank of file. show that they loved him." enjoy today were preserved by his mill- The citizens of the world-no matter The love and respect in which Presi tary brilliance and leadership. whether friend or foe-came to know this dent Eisenhower was held was reflected Dwight D. Eisenhower's leadership man as a soldier of war who fought val in many ways Palm Sunday as the Na qualities were so unique and strong, he iantly in the name of peace, and did just tion paid its final tribute to him. was selected Supreme Commander of AI- exactly that-brought peace to our world There were the traditional rites of the lied Forces over hundreds of officers of during his lifetime on it. Never before funeral march, the 21-gun salute, the higher rank in World War II. That de- has so small a word in measure, so collo honor guard from all the services. cision helped America and her allies quial in sound, meant the supreme rec But perhaps the greatest tribute was triumph over an enemy that was deter- ognition of everything good in a man as the heartfelt one paid by great and mined to not only ru1e Europe, but to "Ike." small, old and young, rich and poor as subjugate the entire world. "Ike'' fought for peace, for justice, and they gathered together at the Capitol to Mr. Speaker, because of his magnifi.- for tranquillity. say a sad goodby to the man they had cent service, he earned the permanent · As Supre:ne Allied Commander in En called Ike, a man they all felt had served gratitude of not only our Nation, but rope, he united the free world advocates his country with noble self-sacrifice, far the other free nations of the world. into a victorious battle, but first he beyond what a nation could expect. Dwight D. Eisenhower was respected for called upon Almighty God and beseeched Dwight D. Eisenhower, five-star gen his abilities, admired for his courage, Him to bless this crusade. eral, President, and elder statesman, was and loved for his great compassion for During his term as president of Co- a man truly of the people. He rose from mankind. lumbia University, his countrymen humble beginnings in a Kansas farming Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. called upon his qualities and character town to lead the Allied Armies to victory Speaker, Dwight David Eisenhower was istics of leadership to serve them as their in Europe during World War II. General very much an American. President. Eisenhower, the war hero, then became As the Christian Science Monitor put As the 34th President of the United President Eisenhower, a man who it in its March 29 editorial: States, he led America toward the goals March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8121 of peace, justice, and tranquillity. He America pays homage to a great leader Mr. Speaker, may I add a special word once again brought peace to the fore- and remembers him with great apprecia of tribute to Mrs. Eisenhower, a lady I front-this time in Korea. He applied tion. have never met, but of whose sympathetic his tact as a general to his performance Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, contributions to her husband's career I as President, and he called upon the Dwight David Eisenhower served the am as sure as I am of today's sense of loss American people to unite into a great American Nation for more than half a in his passing. We offer her our heartfelt freedom loving force and moved them century: as a great soldier who led us best wishes at a time which must be very along the paths of peace, progress, and and the European democracies against difficult for her. a better world relationship. brutal totalitarian regimes; as president Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. Then, as "Ike" began to fight the most of a great American university; as Presi Speaker, death came Friday to a great difficult battle of his own personal life, dent of the United States through diffi American. While it may have stilled one the world prayed and fought in heartfelt cult and demanding years; and as an great and noble heart, it stirred anew in I sincerity of spirit, this battle which only inspiring source of courage and resolve other hearts, including millions who he could really wage alone. He now lies in his later years when illness never con fought beside him for freedom, solemn within the peace and tranquillity of the quered the greatness of his spirit. He thoughts of the massive debt mankind almighty defender of us all. symbolizes the strength of our Nation owes to his memory. Personally, as a major in the U.S. which drew him to the highest seats of Not since our Founding Fathers has Army, I served as one of General Eisen- power and responsibility from humble an American soldier-statesman received hower's staff during World War II. origins in the prairie. In his life he en- the respect, reverence, and love accorded Later, as a Member of Congress, I acted the ideal of America, to work with Dwight Eisenhower by the people of the again had the good fortune to serve each other and with other nations with world. He was a man worthy of any age. while he was our Nation's Chief Execu- reason and compassion. Above all else, He belonged to our generation. He needs tive. He was a perceptive planner; he he advised against despair, against giv no monument, no cause, no cult. He was was a man who could reach into the ing up on ourselves. He counseled all indeed a great American. I can think of hearts of people, and ~ man who could Americans to face the perils of our future no greater accolade--the true greatness get people to work together. As our Pres- with the courage of our fathers. of a humble man who responded to the ident, he moved our country forward in General Eisenhower lived a full and call of duty from his countrymen. We the true tradition of its Founding rewarding life, and his courageous shall all miss him. Fathers. struggle to live is in itself a memorial to Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker, General Ei We can best honor him by striving, his immense personal integrity, his joy senhower was not only a great military whether as a private citizen or a public in living and serving. His struggle was and political leader but he was a great servant, to heed our Nation's calls or long and painful. Yet his will to live, moral leader, as well. History may well causes by continuing to work for the along with his ability to live fully, provide record him in this capacity ahead of the goals which he sought during his life- example for all. other two. He possessed a unique moral time-goals which, if realized, will make His own admonition to the cadets at quality that few men possess and never this Nation and this world a much better the Air Force Academy in 1959 is an failed to show it wherever and whenever place in which to live. - excellent comment on his own life. He he appeared. His deeds and his actions Such peace as we have now, even in said then: made people so aware of this quality these troubled times, is to a large degree, The one admonition I would give you is that no one ever doubted that actions because of the leadership of this soldier- this; make sure you get enjoyment out of taken by him were morally right. Such statesman. He achieved it through his every day. Life should be a thing to enjoy. a quality is indeed a rarity and it was qualities of warmth and candor and be- Make certain your face doesn't grown long as the day grows older. Go to bed with a good for America and it was good for cause of his confidence in the essential smile and remember a fine day. And with that all humanity. The world will miss his goodness of man. His selflessness was a custom, I am quite sure you will find a long, goodness. unique quality in this age where most happy, and fruitful life, fruitful to yourself, Mrs. Latta joins with me in extending men and most countries are seeking to to your country, and to humanity. deepest sympathy to Mrs. Eisenhower satisfy their physical wants. Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, like many and members of her family. Mr. Speaker, often I have seen these of my colleagues, r never had the priv Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, there are past few days, the American flag flying at ilege of serving in a National Govern many Members of this Congress assem half mast in full dignity and honor of the ment headed by Dwight David Eisen bled here today who have lost, with the man we all knew as "Ike"-! can only hower. Time flows quickly, and people death of Dwight David Eisenhower, more pray that, as the flag of this country rises come and go in our National Legislature. than a general and a President, more once again to its full height, so also will Nevertheless, r do not speak only as a than a great man to be admired from a the principles for which "Ike" stood, will citizen when r express my admiration for distance, and more than an image to rise anew in the hearts and minds of the his contribution to the life of America. which we pay respect because of his no citizens of our great country and spill No one who has at e.ny time served in ticeable accomplishments. To us, as is over into the hearts and minds of the washington and understood the burdens the case with thousands of Americans world, in order that peace and tran- of the Presidency can fail to have some and other citizens of the world, his death quillity may reign supreme. special feeling about the grace with marks the passing of that rare kind of Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, I think which General Eisenhower exercised the leader whose humility, energy, and un every American feels a sense of per- power of the greatest office in the world. derstanding drew toward him our deep sonalloss at the death of General Eisen- He sensed the mood of the people, he est confidence and highest respect. We hower. He has been prominently iden- understood their heartfelt thoughts, he looked to him as a man who enjoyed vir tified with American history and prog- identified with their fondest hopes in tually every honor which the world could ress since the early days of World War I, ways which permitted him to be much bestow on a single individual, but who and this spans more than a generation. more than a leader in the classical sense; remained unspoiled by the tributes. As During wartime he was entrusted with he was instead a friend, a kinsman, a a great soldier and hero, he was yet a the highest allied command in the Euro- partner in a common endeavor. Confi man who longed only for a just and last pean theater, and subsequently a dence is born of this feeling of identity, ing peace. As a distinguished President, grateful country called him to the Presi- and confidence is the ingredient which he was a man who used political power dency. His leadership both in peace and makes democracy possible. only to build and strengthen his country, war was of the highest caliber and the When such a man passes into history and abhorred the weaknesses that the heritage which he leaves is one of dedi- we feel a sense of personal loss even abuse of political power brought forth in cation to our country, to duty, and of though we know that Government lesser men. calm acceptance of responsibility. leaders must come and go, each leaving His accomplishments as a military He knew the cost of defense, but he his own legacy. Who of us can judge the leader need not be glorified, for the fact also knew a strong defense was essential historic legacy of Dwight Eisenhower? that we are here today as free men to to our Nation's security. He strove with Let us say, however, that we have lost a express ourselves in this manner 1s in no dedication to chart a safe course for a friend in whom we had confidence, a small part a result of his efforts. As a lasting peace. No man could do more and counsellor whose judgment we trusted, a commander of the armies of many na at the time of his death a sorrowing warm and honest and unfettered spirit. tions in an allied cause, his qualities of 8122 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 leadership earned the praise of the lead worldwide, wherever freedom is cher his intense personality and famous smile ers of the free world and the confidence ished, deep rooted in the hearts of his that radiated confidence throughout the of its fighting men. fellow man. world will no longer be with us. His accomplishments as a President I cannot close these heartfelt remarks General Eisenhower symbolized and can now, in retrospect, be looked upon without paying homage, too, to Mrs. typified an entire era. He played a major with longing. He successfully guided us Eisenhower. Her faith and graciousness role in the struggle of free peoples to through two terms of peace and pros and love for her husband have endured remain free as an officer in World War perity. He served us in a time when any through these grievous days and set for I, as Supreme Allied Commander in thing short of his great knowledge of the us all yet another example of extreme Europe, as commander of NATO, as realities of power, how it should be re grace under great stress. President in ending the Korean war, and garded and used, could have brought Mr. GRIFFIN. I join in paying tribute in his decision to support South Viet grave consequences. He brought to the to the life and character of Dwight David nam. He encouraged the cause of free Presidency a calm, quiet resolve to be Eisenhower--one of America's foremost dom to stand fast when the world was guided by God and commonsense, to ac leaders. On March 28-last Friday-the threatened with total war and anarchy. complish what he could with a humility inevitable took from our midst a patriot, As Supreme Commander of the Allied and a trust in what is good and in what is a soldier, a statesmen, a gentleman. forces during World War II in Europe, right. And accomplish he did, for the Throughout his entire life, Dwight David I knew firsthand of his superb accom trust was returned to him a thousand Eisenhower exhibited those traits of vir plishments. He was unsurpassed in wield fold, and the love which he felt for his tue and decency which are required of ing together an invincible fighting ma country is now and has been reftected by men who must lead men in time of war chine from so many diverse elements. the love which his country feels for him, and in time of peace. As a soldier, near General Bradley's as well as the grateful thanks given to Mr. Speaker, Ike is gone; but his good headquarters in Normandy, I learned him for his role in making America mean deeds will linger in the memory of Amer of his diplomacy, his tact, and his ability what it does to all the people of the free icans as long as there is an Amer-ica. to inspire confidence and cooperation world. In an eloquent, front-page editorial, from all branches of the service and Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, Dwight the Vicksburg, Miss., Evening Post noted from the armed forces of our allies. Eisenhower leaves us in the fullness of the Nation's loss and recalled the oc His selection by the President, and by years, weighted with all the honors a casion on July 4, 1947, when, as Army General Marshall, as Supreme Com grateful, admiring people can bestow. Chief of Staff, General Eisenhower was mander in Europe proved to be a wise Even though within the divine order in Vicksburg to accept that city's "sur choice. His name became the symbol of of things, his loss is a grievous one. We render" to the United States. As a part a great crusade. He was admired and will miss his breadth of experience, the of my remarks, I include the editorial, respected and loved by the free world. sense of proportion and judgment which which follows: He even became the hope of many of he always applied to great problems, and IKE Is GoNE the German people who had been en- the smile that warmed our hearts. The Word flashed around the world. One slaved by the raving Hitler and who saw We have lost one of the truly great of the great figures of modern history has in Eisenhower relief from slavery and men of American history. In war and in gone to his reward. The old soldier just - oppression. His name became synony peace, the Eisenhower record will stand "fa.ded a.wa.y". The rugged constitution mous with justice as opposed to infamy always as a testament to his enduring which had withstood numerous heart a.t- and oppression. qualities of greatness. His courage, in tacks, three major surgeries, pneumonia When General Eisenhower became and other ailments, finally won the victory . . tegrity and wisdom, his abiding faith in over the stout-hearted soldier who not only co~~de! of NATO, it was my pnvilege God and country, his humilty, his un won his victories in the greatest war of to VlSlt With him there at headquar complicated, forthright character are history, but also conquered the hearts of ters near Paris as a young Member of the qualities in the American tradition. They his countrymen and of the world. He was Congress. I remember General Eisen are the qualities which have made our "Ike" to America-a military genius, a. great hower telling us that 95 percent of his Nation great and which have sustained president, but more than that, he was pos- work as Allied commander and as NATO us in hours of darkness. sessed of a wonderful personality which en- commander was diplomatic and political. deared him to his countrymen and to those . . "fi They are qualities without which our who served under his various commands. H~ ~rmply hS:d, m.a magm cent way, the Nation would be destroyed, as with other He is remembered with great affection in ability to reJect Jealousy and envy and nations who have lost the faiths and Vicksburg, where, twenty-two years ago he get people together. He was NATO com strayed from the simple truths which came a.s the featured speaker at a great July mander during a critical time. When the inspired their foundings. Fourth celebration here. We well remem- forces of oppression and slavery threat To have been acquainted with Dwight her his words-"Instea.d of accepting the ened to engulf Europe he inspired the Eisenhower I shall always count as 'surrender' of Vicksburg, I confess that I peoples of Western E~ope and caused have surrendered to the warmth of your wei- them to stand firm during those critical among the highest privileges of my life. come and to the graciousness of your hos- He radiated integrity and unselfishness. pitality." He took Vicksburg by the force of years. He buoyed you up and lifted your spirits. his great personality, and this was genuine Dwight David Eisenhower, as President One of the happiest benefits of our elec ly reflected in the splendid vote he received of the United States, provided for the tronic age is that men like Eisenhower each time he ran for the Presidency. Vicks American people, and those of the free can be seen and studied by each new gen burg voted for "Ike". world, a fatherly image of kindness and eration. What a tremendous advantage He was the greatest milltary figure of the fairness. His smile, his winning personal century, and the manner in which he forged they have if they will but use it. into a. great command the armies of many ity, his character, and his modesty led Through this wonderful medium nations, remains as one of his most brilliant America to the heights in the postwar coupled with his written word they, too, feats. It was this a.b1Uty to bring forth a era. We have not had a more popular can come to know and understand the united force that resulted in the fall of the President or general. The people loved qualities of this great man. They, too, German empire. "Ike." He was the one they wanted their can someday sense something of the A great man, a splendid citizen, a truly sons and daughters to serve under in war. magic of his personality which no mere great American has answered the last roll He was the one they wanted to lead them call. As the nation pays homage to his mem words in history books can quite convey. ory, the spirit of li;his outstanding Ameri in peacetime. He respected the Office of So the sadness and loss we bear today can should rekindle 1n the breasts of the the Presidency and advised and consulted is leavened by our sense of good fortune people of our nation, a dedication to our with succeeding Presidents. in having shared some portion of our country, which was the foremost quality of As an elder statesman, he was truly life and times with Dwight Eisenhower. our former President. great. As a general, he will rank with It is leavened, too, by our sense of tri The drums are mutlled. Taps is sounding. Douglas MacArthur, George Washington, umphant pride in his human greatness. Ike has gone. May he gain the reward prom the Duke of Marlborough, the Duke of I think it is fair to say that no President ised to all who serve, and serve well. Wellington, and Robert E. Lee. Like them, except, perhaps, Washington has ever Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, while we he will be noted for his integrity, compas left office enjoying greater public affec knew of General Eisenhower's declining sion, and devotion to, and respect for, the tion. As President Nixon told us yester health we were still unprepared for his individual and those less fortunate. As day in the rotunda, that affection is passing. We are deeply saddened that President of the United States he wtll be March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8123 associated with those virtues and attri procurement. I am equally concerned health issues, which appeared in the butes of character associated with the that for recent months evidence has New York Times Magazine of March 28. greatest. grown that there is profit in the war on This article deserves the thoughtful con I extend on the part of my fellow poverty, too. sideration of all Members in assessing South Carolinians our deepest sympathy When I voted for the Economic Op the pending legislation on this subject. to Mrs. Eisenhower, his distinguished portunity Act and its subsequent amend I trust that the facts contained in this and devoted son, and all of their great ments, I believed that I was doing the article will stimulate all Members to take and wonderful family. right thing; I still believe that there is positive action in support of effective Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, ow· former no more urgent national priority than legislation to protect those who have suf Commander in Chief, leader of the cru the abolition of poverty in this country. fered so long in the coal mines. In the sade in Europe, and two-term President I have, however, been disturbed by the name of humanity, Mr. Speaker, we must has left us. We are all better men in a proliferation of consultants, advisers, act to protect our fellow human beings greater Nation because of our work with and other contractors who have attached who work in the coal mines. him. themselves to the war on poverty. I have The article follows: Dwight David Eisenhower, general and no idea of the number of instant experts THE SCANDAL OF DEATH AND INJURY IN THE President, gave his whole life to the serv available, but have every reason to be MINEs-MoRE THAN 120,000 MINERS HAVE ice of his country. He led America's lieve that it is considerable. Moreover, DIED VIOLENTLY armies and then the whole Nation with there can be no guarantee that a con (By Ben A. Franklin) rare strength and ability. sultant hired by OEO or any of its dele "Of the 64 men in the mine, only two who General Eisenhower believed strongly gate agencies is in fact an expert in his happened to be in some crevices near the in the right and in the necessity of field. I doubt that notwithstanding this mouth of the shaft escaped with life. America pursuing the moral and right fact there is no single community action Nearly all the internal works of the mine course. He had great spiritual faith and agency of any substantial size that does were blown to atoms. Such was the force of not have one or more consultants work the explosion that a basket then descend he tried to give that faith to America. ing, containing three men, was blown nearly He said that "faith is our surest strength, ing for it. A consultant can draw up 100 feet into the air. Two fell out and were our greatest resource." Much of the cour project proposals, shepherd them crushed to death, and a third remained in, age and strength of America, through through the bureaucracy, furnish new and, with the basket, was thrown some 70 World War II and the darkest days of ideas, or redraw old proposals. He can to 80 feet from the shaft, breaking both his the cold war, was strength gained from generate a proposal at the drop of a hat legs and arms." and can on call advise anyone on any These sentences matter-of-factly describ the example of this leader of men. subject, all for a fee. What concerns me ing the pulverization of a shift of coal min It was my privilege to serve in the is that the profits made by these con ers, including the three men grotesquely Congress for 6 of the years of President orbited out of the mine shaft as if launched Eisenhower's two terms. He was never sultants are considerable, and that there from a missile silo, are from the first de is no assurance at all that a community taUed record of an American mine disaster. partisan; never a leader of part of the action agency does itself any good by people. He was truly a national leader; Antiquity probably explains the nursery hiring consultants. rhyme quality-"two fell down and broke a leader of all Americans-loved by all What is more disturbing is that OEO their crowns . . ." For this earliest remem Americans. and it is not unique among Federal bered mine catastrophe, in the Black Heath No one can question that his greatest agencies-can use a private firm to do pit near Richmond, Va., occurred March 18, accomplishment was to lead us to peace things which it could not otherwise ac 1839. and keep us in peace. A primitive time, no doubt. The nation complish. Such services cost more than was then so new that Martin Van Buren, Yet be may be remembered even more they otherwise would, but that is of no for his spiritual accomplishment, for his warming his feet at the coal-burning grates concern. For example, if a manpower in the White House, was the first President integrity, for his honesty, for the moral ceiling threatens to cut off the establish to have been born a United States citizen. example be gave us all. General Eisen ment of a desired project, the agency sim The daguerreotype was introduced here that hower's great contemporary, Sir Winston ply hires a private firm as a funding ve year by Samuel F. B. Morse, while awaiting Churchill, wrote most beautifully of the hicle. Then, the program is not one oper the issuance of a patent on his telegraph. place of men in history: ated by OEO, but by a contractor, and the Half the coal-producing states were not yet History with its flickering lamp stumbles in the Union. personnel are not chargeable to OEO. The coal mines, on the threshold of fuel along the trail of the past, trying to recon Some such projects go awry, in which struct its scenes, to revive its echoes, and ing a manufacturing explosion that was to case the Government agency does not make this country an unmatched industrial kindle with pale gleams the passion of for have to take the blame, but can pass it on power, produced barely one Inillion tons in mer days. What is the worth of all this? The 1839, less than 1/500th of the output today. only guide to a man is his conscience; the to its contractor. But the basic fact re mains that in such a tactic, the contrac In the absence of all but the crudest tech only shield to his memory is the rectitude nology, men relying on the death fl.utterin&<> his tor is essentially used as a dummy. He and sincerity of actions. With this of caged canaries to warn them of immi shield, however the fates may play, we march gets well paid for doing little or nothing, nent suffocation obviously would die in the always in the ranks of honor. except perhaps permitting his firm to be mines. Some mines employed suicidal spe General Eisenhower always marched used as a name on a bank account. I do cialists known as "cannoneers," whose mis in the ranks of honor; he will always live not believe that this is a sound tactic sion was to crawl along the tunnel floors in the minds of honorable men. for any Government agency, but least of under a wet canvas before a shift, igniting all for OEO. I do not believe that the poor "puffs" of mine gas near the roof with in Dwight David Eisenhower said that unpraised candle. Dead Ininers were not even "men grow in stature only as they daily can afford to let their little budget be counted. Their enormous casualty rate was rededicate themselves to a noble faith.'' tapped for dummy accounts. not archived until less than 100 years ago. With the example of this leader before There is profit in the war on poverty. A glimpse into this dim crevice of Ameri us, let us all rededicate ourselves to the That is evident from the number of con can industrial history is necessary to put faith which he had-to his faith in man, sultants and contractors around. There into perspective the myths and realities of is nothing to show that the community the men who work in the mines today. For to his faith in America, to his faith in action programs work any better for all the real story of coal is not its multiplying the right. the efforts of there experts, or so-called inanimate statistics-tons and carloadings Again, my sympathy to his courageous experts. On the other hand, there is some and days lost in strikes. It is the agony of family. May God bless them in this hour those men-a tale as old as Black Heath and reason to believe that at least some con one that is so full of extravagantly evil per of grief. tracts would have been better off left Mr. McCORMACK. So we say to our sonalities and atrocious acts that Charles never signed. It might have been better Dickens would have loved to tell it. For be dear beloved friend, Dwight David for profit never to have entered into the hind and beneath the mountains of the Eisenhower, not goodby, but good day. war on poverty. Appalachian coalfield, miners have remained since Black Heath the most systematically exploited and expendable class of citizens REMOVE PROFIT FROM THE WAR COAL MINE SAFETY (with the possible exception of the Ameri ON POVERTY can Indian and the Negro) in this country. Mr. HECHLER of West Virginia. Mr. The story at last may have an un-Dicken- Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I have Speaker, Ben A. Franklin, of the New sian ending. For now, coal miners can see on many occasions called the attention York Times, has written an outstand light at the end of the tunnel. In this 1969 of the House to excess profits in defense ing analysis of coal mine safety and spring, 130 years after the Black Heath dis- 8124 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 aster, the mining industry may finally agree dustry can and does take no account of what on being "one of the better companies as far to pay the modest cost of keeping its work it, therefore, regards as a folklore factor as cooperation and safety are concerned," force alive, of abandoning the embedded idea which might interfere with production. The but to add that if this "safe" mine blew up, that men are cheaper than coal. And-small U.M.W. Journal had not got around to run "you can imagine what the rest are like." pittance--we may all be involved in helping ning the 1968 warning when Consol No. 9 "As long as we mine coal," said Boyle, the pay what it costs to write this long delayed blew up. "We figured afterward it would be phllosophical miners' ombudsman "there is postscript to the industrial revolution; the no use," a Journal editor said later. always this inherent danger of explosion." price of bringing miners into the 20th cen No one yet knows what death befell the 78 The then Assistant Secretary of the Interior, tury probably will appear, as we shall see, men in No.9. Miners who survive the shock J. Cordell Moore, the Department's top min as pennies on our electric bills. wave, heat and afterdamp (carbon monoxide) erals man, flew up from Washington to add In the context of technological advance of an underground explosion are instructed that "unfortunately-we don't understand ment in nearly every other area of human to barricade themselves in good air, if any, why these things happen-but they do hap enterprise, very little has changed fo:c men and await rescue. But during the nine days pen," and to venture that "the company who go down to the mines in shafts. Only and nights that rescue teams stood by help here has done all in its power to make this a four months ago, 78 coal miners were trapped lessly on the surface at Farmington, there safe mine." (In fact, Moore's own Bureau and killed below ground in West Virginia were at least 16 further explosions in the of Mines had reported substandard rock in one of the most volcanic eruptions of ex mine. The flrst blast had burst up 600 feet dusting at Consol No. 9-the most basic of plosion and flre in the memory of Federal through the portals and ventilation shafts, explosion-prevention measures involves ren mine inspectors. As at Black Heath, the ex blowing the internal works of the mine to dering coal dust inert with 65 percent plosion at the Consolidation Coal Company's atoms and knocking out ventilation circuits. crushed limestone-in all 24 of its inspec 27-square-mile No. 9 mine at Farmington, At the top, the main shaft became the muz tions there since 1963. The Bureau had cited W. Va., almost certainly was caused by an zle of a mammouth subterranean cannon. No. 9 for 25 other safety violations since ignition of methane gas, a volatile, highly The massive headframe, a trestled structure December 1966. Moore probably saw nothing flammable, usually odorless and invisible of bridge-size steel I-beams that supported unusual in that because violations are the hydrocarbon gas liberated from virgin coal. the main hoist, was blown apart. For days, norm in most mines.) At Consol No. 9, a modern, "safe'' ntine a boiling plume of poisonous black smoke Hulett C. Smith, then the Governor of operated by one of the wealthy giants of the alternately belched from the shaft and then West Virginia, also stood before the tele industry, the daily methane emission was 8 unaccountably reversed its flow and inhaled, vision cameras and observed more in sadness million cubic feet, enough to supply the heat bursting forth again with renewed detona than in anger that "we must recognize that ing and cooking needs of a small city if it tions below. this is a hazardous business and what has were captured and sold. The explosion hazard Finally, on Nov. 29, all flve shafts and occurred here is one of the hazards of being was dealt with there as it is generally in min portals at the mine were sealed-capped and a miner." ing today, by only modestly more sophisti made airtight with tons of rock, steel and With that, the fuse, delayed so long, finally cated methods than those at Black Heath. concrete. Not for months, until engineers blew in Washington. The then Secretary of Fresh air is drawn into the mines by giant are certain that restoring ventilation will the Interior, Stewart L. Udall, after eight fans and circulated and directed constantly not reignite coked embers and trigger the years of more concern for California red through the honeycomb of tunnnels by means millions of cubic feet of methane collecting woods than for miners, denounced the whole of doors, ducts or sometimes by curtains in the primordial atmosphere below, will system of coal mining-the technological called brattices (miners call them "brad Farmington's dead be disinterred from their and moral systems-as "unacceptable." As dishes"). The intake air is supposed to dilute gassy grave. The same mine was sealed for an astonished layman, Udall noted that Con and, by law, "render harmless or carry away" more than a year following a less violent sol was mining "in an area that really is a the methane and hold the mine atmosphere explosion in 1954 that kllled 16 men (includ low-grade gas field" and that "obviously it to less than the legal Umit of 1 per cent gas. ing one, Black Heath-style, topside near the is not a solution that is completely adequate Unless coal dust is mixed with it-in which mine mouth), and fires continued to burn to dilute the gas by pumping in air." With case the explosion threshold drops signifi in sealed sections of the mine even after in three weeks, Udall summoned a national cantly-methane will not ignite or explode in production was resumed. coal-safety conference which turned out to be one of the most amazing gatherings in concentrations of less than 5 per cent. Miners If entombing a mine flre to control it live and die today on a margin of 4 per seems primitive in this day of chemical flre bureaucratic history. In a Soviet-style mood centage points--or less if coal dust is sus fighting agents and automatic deluge sprin of confession, Udall publicly admitted that pended in the air.t kler systems, it is futuristic, compared with "we have accepted, even condoned an at It is known that the giant electric mining titude of fatalism that belongs to an age the industry's performance in disaster pre darker than the deepest recess of any coal machines in use for the last 20 years-ma vention. There have been profitable techno chines that chew up and claw coal from the logical advances in the extraction of coal mine. At every level of responsib111ty, from face with rotary bits the size of railroad from the seam, and today the industry is on the individual miner to the highest coun wheels-churn up an immense amount of the brink of such a long, secure production cils of Government, we have looked with dust. The machines have water sprays to boom that big oil companies, with some of horror on the specters of death and dis settle the dust. But the machines' rapid rate the sharpest eyes for markets and profits in ease that haunt our mines. Then we have of advance through the seam also Uberates the business world, are buying up and merg shrugged our shoulders and said to ourselves, much methane. ing with coal companies at a rapid rate. But 'Well, coal mining is an inherently hazard The first explosion at Consol No. 9 came production economies in the past have more ous business' or 'It's too bad, of course, but at 5:25 A.M., Nov. 20, during the cateye often than not been at the expense of human as long as coal is mined men inevitably will shift. It was a day after the passage over economies, and Big Oil may be surprised to die underground.' These easy rationaliza northern West Virginia of a cold front ac find itself saddled with coal's amazing in tions are no longer acceptable in this time companied by an abrupt drop in barometric sensitivity to mayhem and death. It was the in history." pressure. In the primitive mythology of mine fatalistic acceptance of Farmington more The stubborn Black Heath syndrome-so safety, these natural events-the arrival of than the disaster itself (President Nixon has costly in human life and so profitable to the cold, dry air and a barometric low, which in since criticized this acceptance of death as industry-finally was broken. Within a week, creases the methane liberation in a mine "as much a part of the job as the tools and Bureau of Mines Director John F. O'Leary, have been associated for years with disasters. the tunnels") that finally started the mine- on the job one month, issued orders to his The legendary great mine explosions, from safety revolution. · inspectors. They were to cease immediately Monongah and Darr in 1907, Rachel & Agnes giving prior notification of impending in At first, at the daily post-explosion news spections to the operators, a practice known in 1908 and on up to Orient No. 2 in 1951, conferences in Consol's cinderblock com have occurred in November and December for years to encourage a sudden, temporary pany store near Farmington (many miners kind of mine housecleaning for the benefit and in cold, dry weather. The dry air dehu are still today in debt to their employers' midifies a mine and sets coal dust in motion. of the inspector-"baking a cake," one in merchandising subsidiaries for nearly a full spector called it. They were to cease review Every fall through 1967, the United Mine paycheck before they are paid), William Workers Journal had published a fraternal ing mine violation reports with owners. Poundstone, Consol's executive vice president Where violations occurred involving im warning to union brothers to observe special for mining operations, insisted that the mine precautions in "the explosion season." But, minent danger of explosion, they were no was "only technically gassy." W. R. Park, a longer merely to write them down as before, no research having been done in a century senior Federal mine inspector familiar for of such meteorological coincidences, the in- they were to close the mine. The list was years with the mine, insisted it was "ex startling for what lt said about past prac tremely gassy," and John Roberts, a Consol 1 tices. One example of the retarded technology public relations man, called it "excessively It is hard to tell which ls more gripping of mine safety is that miners testing for gas gassy." Roberts, a master of malapropism the penny-pinching, corner-cutting and st111 rely today on the Glame safety lamp of who greeted the news corps before one vigil profiteering waste of human life in mines Sir Humphrey Davy, perfected more than 150 news conference by asking cheerily, "Are all still operated today-Black Heath-style years ago. The safety lamp is rugged and the bodies here?" also described the No. 9 with bland abandon of what the U.S. Bu safe if used properly, but it requires highly explosion hazard as "something that we have reau of Mines calls "ordinary- regard for skilled operators to read it accurately, and to live with." safety," or the callous result, the history of then its accuracy is no more than half a Then came the parade of V.I.P.'s. U.M.W. human carnage in the mines. The record to percentage point--or 10 per cent of the mar president W. A. (Tony) Boyle came to the date, even the most contemporary chapters gin between survival and explosion. mine head not only to congratulate Consol of it, is appall1ng. In the 100 years that par- March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8125
tlal records of fatal mine accidents have been viving a lifetime in coal (and there is one time authority to enter and inspect mines kept (the early figures are incomplete) more chance in 12 that he will not) can expect and write reports coll!taining noncompul than 120,000 men have died violently in three or four lost-time injuries, not count sory safety recommendations, but no powers ooa1 mines, an average of 100 every month ing one chance in 5 or 10 of serious and even of enforcement. The states would take care for a century. The total does not include tually fatal lung disease. of that. those who died of what passes for "natural Mining, like prostitution, 1s one of the Since 1910, when the Bureau of Mines causes" in work that is as notoriously haz oldest occupations in the world and 1s prob was established, its engineers have been ardous to health as it 1s to ll!e and limb. ably as impossible to stop. From the begin testing and recommending to the industry Today, among men aged 60 to 64, the "nat ning, coal has been a curse on the land from as approved or disapproved--as "permissible" ural" death rate of miners 1s eight times that whence it came, blighting the landscape with or "nonpermissible" (words tha.t convey more of workers in any other industrial strip mines and culm banks and polluted authorlty than the bureau had then or occupation. streams, extracting for absentee owners vast has today to require their use) -a whole Chronic lung disease may, in fact, turn out fortunes from Appalachian states that are range of mining equipment, including ex to be a far worse klller of miners than acci today synonymous with poverty, and plung plosives and electric wiring, lights, drills, dents. The U.S. Public Health Service, in un ing generations into despair. cutting machines and haulage devices. Such finished research that is 25 years behind But the scandal of gratuitous death and safety-designed machinery is obviously the completed medical findings in British mines, injury in the mines--almost an of it recog key to disaster prevention in mines full of has recently documented that coal dust- nized, as the Interior Department report put a mixture of inflammable methane gas and not the rock dust associated for decades with it recently, as the result of the operators' explosive coal dust. miners' silicosis-has become perhaps the "tendency to cut safety corners when profits Yet, nearly half the explosions--835 min pre-eminent threat to survival in the mines. are low and ignore good safety practices ers dead-between May, 1941, when the bu A prevalence study completed in 1965 when profits are high"-has finally reached reau got its authority to inspect and rec found that, conservatively, 100,000 active and the point at which a Republican Administra ommend, and July, 1952, when Congress retired American coal miners suffered from tion in Washington is talking about limiting next amended the mine-safety law, were the progressive, gasping breathlessness as coal production to save lives. caused by electric arcs from nonpermissible sociated with prolonged inhalation of fine In testimony this month supporting the mine machinery. Most of the rest involved coal dust, a condition known (from autopsy sudden rush of mine-safety bills in Congress nonpermissible-but still not 11legal-use of observation) as "black lung" or pneumoco following the explosion at Farmington, this explosives. niosis. The U.M.W. estimates that in the 20 radical notion was put forth by none other Unbelievably, when the misnamed Federal years that electric mining machines have than Secretary of the Interior Walter J. Coal Mine Safety Act of 1952 finally emerged been churning up greater and greater clouds Hickel. "It is clear that our society can no from the coal lobby's permissible cutting of dust at least one million men have been longer tolerate the cost in human life and machine, it contained a "grandfather clause" exposed to an occupational disease whose human misery that is exacted in the mining which allowed the indefinitely continued use ravages do not stop with removal to a dust of this essential fuel," Hickel said. "Unless we of knowingly dangerous nonpermissible elec free environment. find ways to eliminate that intolerable cost, trical machinery "if, before the effective date The black-lung hazard-as the coal in we must inevitably 11mlt our mining of coal, of this section. . . the opera tor of such mine dustry and physicians in its employ con which has an almost ineXhaustible potential owned such equipment ... or had ordered stantly point out--is as yet a qualitatively for industrial, economic and social good." such equipment." The law also set up two and quantitatively uncertain threat to life. Republican coal barons must have rolled classes of mines--gassy and nongassy-and It is real enough, however, to have caused in their graves. Even from Democratic Ad it stretched the loophole for nonpermissible more than 30,000 West Virginia miners, nor ministrations, this most destructive o{ in equipment even further for the 85 per cent mally among the last in the industry to en dustries had never received such a radical of mine owners lucky enough to meet the gage in wildcat strikes, to walk off their jobs warning. In fact, Democrats in Congress have nongassy standard. for three weeks in February of this year to been the protectors of the industry's eco In effect, Congress told the mine operators demand that the State Legislature include nomic interests over the survival interests that "if you were creating an avoidable ex black lung in the list of injuries and diseases of its workers. plosion hazard before we passed this law, it's for which disabled miners are eligible to In 1941, at the end of three decades during all right to go on doing so until the danger collect workmen's compensation benefits. which miners died at an average rate of ous machinery wears out." Today, this means Until then, only three coal-producing states- better than 2,000 a year, a series of terrible that spark-hazard machines-some of them Alabama, Virginia and Pennsylvania--auth disasters which had killed 276 men during rebuilt twice and three times over under the orized workmen's compensation payments the closing months of 1940 finally forced same serial numbers--are still in use in some (generally financed by the industry) to passage of the so-called Coal Mine Inspection mines 17 years after the law was passed. A black-lung victims, and only Pennsylvania and Investigation Act. It was conceded, as count by the Bureau of Mines in 1967, when has paid any claims. (In Pennsylvania, the the Bureau of Mines timidly put it then, the law had been on the books 15 years, benefits are paid for by the taxpayers, not the th31t "speed of operation and demand for showed 1,117 pieces of nonpermissible elec industry, which may explain how the legis maximum tonnage at a minimum cost re trical equipment in use in 159 mines. lation survived there. Coal has a history of sulted in a neglect of ordinary safety meas The 1952 mine-safety act may have been very aggressive lobbying to protect its eco ures." one of the great legislative mirages of all nomic interest.) In 1941, when technology in the United time. It specifically exempted small mines, In West Virginia's Statehouse last month, States had advanced to the threshold of those with fewer than 15 employes. Although a doctor testifying in support of the in the atomic era, the gross and oalcul31ted the small mines were depicted in the indus dustry's proposal of further medical studies neglect of ordinary prudence in the powder try's testimony as to inefficient and limited in of black lung before changing the compen house atmosphere of coal mines was evi capital resources to bear the cost of retooling sation law "in haste," charged that Drs. I. E. denced by the fact that barely half the for the most basic disaster prevention, their Buff, Donald L. Rasmussen and Hawey Wells, underground coal miners had been equipped number immediately doubled after the law the three crusading physicians in that state with battery-powered electric cap lamps, ap was passed. Large mines were simply sepa who had galvanized the miners to strike for proved by the Bureau of Mines for the ab rated into smaller units to evade the law. health reform, had done more damage as sence of spark hazards. Incredibly, the rest (In 1966, the small mines were finally brought in-with all "grandfather clauses" "alarmists" than the disease itself. There still wore carbide lamps, which gave the·ir was nothing more pathetic, the lachrymose light by generating acetylene gas and emit still intact.) industry witness testified, than a coal miner ting an open, two-inch jet of flame. Moreover, the law was deliberately written told to quit the only work he knows just In 1941, half the mines still used unstable to apply to, and to give Federal mine inspec because he is a little breathless. It was a black powder for blasting rather than the tors jurisdiction over, only certain kinds of Dickensian performance. safer "permissible" explosives recommended "major disasters"-defined by Congress as those killing five or more miners in one The coal operators, or some of them, have for 30 years by the bureau. The oarbid~ taken the position that pneumoconiosis does lamps were handy for lighting fuses. Some stroke. More than 90 per cent of mine deaths not exist. But sudden violence in the mines mines had advanced to the employment of then occurred in lonely ones, twos and threes. has been documented monotonously since "shot firers," solitary men whose job was Far more than half were caused by rock falls Black Heath. Last year, alone, 309 miners to shoot down the drilled coal after everyone from the mine roof, largely at the working died in accidents-"needlessly," according to else had left the mine. It was a concession face. The 1952 law established roof-control O'Leary, the new and aggressively safety to modernity. If the mine blew up, only one stand&rds, but only for established tunnels conscious director of the Bureau of Mines man was lost. used as haulageways where such accidents and miners' death and injury rates, already Everyone knew that disasters could be were least common. the highest of any industry, are on the rise stopped. "In view of the present knowledge Having extended Federal safety jurisdiction this year. of preventing explosions, disasters are in to the kinds of "major disasters" that made The injury severity rate in mines, also the excusable and discredit the mining indus the news wires and brought discrediting highest, is two and a half times that of lum try," the Bureau of Mines said in 1940. Every publicity, Congress emphasized that the new bering, nearly four times that of trucking. one knew that more improvements in the law was not to protect the miners from "the Since records of nonfatal accidents began to feeble state mining laws were being blocked lack of, or inadequacy of, guards or protective be archived in 1930, the number of men tem than passed. But Congress heeded the in devices." It was totally silent on hazards to porarlly or permanently disabled digging coal dustry's states' rights argument. The 1941 health. has risen to 1.5 million. Today, a miner sur- act gave the Bureau of Mines for the flrs,t In signing the act into law, former Prest- 8126 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 dent Truman obviously did not overstate the disaster-prevention standards which are still asked him· several months ago whether the facts in observing that "I consider it my duty . not observed. U.M.W. had considered negotiating with the to point out its defects so that the public While lobbying privily against safety, the companies a requirement that they pay regu will not be misled into believing that this is industry has publicly promoted the idea lar wages to men who left a shift while a broad-gauge accident-prevention meas that the death and mutilation of its workers demonstrable code violations were corrected, ure . . . I am advised that loopholes in the was a cost of doing business. It got a deple the U.M.W.'s Boyle, a slight, normally com law were provided to avoid any economic im tion allowance on its taxes. Its workers got bative Irishman from Montana, told me that pact on the coal-mining industry." none for their depletion. The industry reac would be impossible because even among Congress has considered mine-safety legis tion to disaster was in the brave tradition miners there were "lazy men"; there would lation only three times in the last three of "what can you expect in an inherently be abuses to get pay for no work. Later, in decades. But in the years between enact risky business"--and with some of the most a safety proposal prepared by the U.M.W., ments, there was activity. In 1962, after ex effective lobbying in legislative history to the union finally supported the idea that plosions in the Robena and Compass mines perpetuate the trade-off of cheap life for miners should be paid for time off the job if had killed 59 men, President Kennedy com cheap coal. And it has not been alone. a Federal inspector closed a mine. missioned a task force to review the situation. Even on the left in this medieval atmos But more than any other witnesses on this Its report concluded that the industry's con phere, the miners' union, the United Mine year's crop of catch-up mine-safety bills, tinuing disregard of the most basic hazards Workers of America, has been so concerned Boyle has agreed with the industry's posi to life and limb deserved Congressional at with helping the industry survive its post-war tion. On the proposed revision that Secretary tention. For one thing, the task force pro slump and with preserving coal's low-cost Hickel and O'Leary have called the reform posed to put a deadline-one year after enact competitive advantage over other basic fu of "paramount importance," Boyle's stand ment of an implementing amendment by els--oil, natural gas and nuclear energy-that is significantly less reformist than the in Congress--on the nonpermissible machinery it long ago sacrlflced what could have been dustry's. In view of the miserable record of "grandfather clause." It also noted that the leadership of a mine-safety crusade for Congressional inaction and protection of the Britain, producing only a fraction of the high wages, mechanized high production, industry, the Administration this year is ask coal output of the United States, was spend and the highest accident rate of any industry. ing Congress to give the Secretary of the In ing more than twice as much on mine health Some of the accidents were no accident. terior the fl.exibiUty of administrative rule research. In 1947, the U.M.W. in Dlinois was found making authority. After hearings, he would But then in a series of private conferences to have volUillta.rily signed a labor contract establish the safety standards. There would with Bureau of Mines and Interior Depart with coa.l opere.tors in that state whose be the right of appeal. It is the system in ment officials, the Bituminous Coal Operators terms forbade the union from seeking im use since 1938 in nearly every other area of Association, the union-negotiating arm of the provements in Tillnois' mine-safety law, upon Federal regulatory activity, and the coal in coal industry, persuaded them to recommend which the industry placed such store in op dustry now says it will go along with it if to Congress a "grandfather clause" deadline posing greater Federal control. The Federal the Secretary's authority is suitably circum of five years. Since Congress took no action law of 1941, then in effect, was no threat to scribed to prevent "arbitrary" decisions. on it, the B.C.O.A. had another opportunity the cheapest production economies; the 1941 Boyle, however, has said he "would rather last year to persuade the Bureau of Mines to act had been so considerate of the industry's take our chances with Congress." propose an even further extension to ten faith in state regulation that Federal mine Those chances this year are very good in years. The capitulation was so flagrant that inspectors were denied enforcement powers. deed, partly because Boyle himself has un the White House, overseeing the draftsman Since 1946, moreover, the U.M.W. had be derlined the unequal forces working for mine ship of the 1968 mine-safety blll, demanded come locked in an embrace with the oper safety in the private sector. The U.M.W. is its exclusion from the bill, which went up to ators nationally. Through the 1946 coo.llabor clearly embarrassed by the reformist zeal of Congress in September. It died without contr.act, which set up the U.M.W. Welfare what it calls "Johnny-come-lately experts" hearings. and Retirement Fund and financed it by an since Farmington, like Udall, Ralph Nader Other capitulations to the industry have industry royalty-now 40 cents a ton for all and Representative Ken Hechler of West perpetuated the Bureau of Mine's reputation coal taken out of union mines-the U.M.W. Virginia. For suggesting that the union bears as the submissive captive of the industry it also acquired an immense interest in pro some responsibility and that it has compro is supposed to police. As recently as a year duction. The Welfare and Retirement Fund mised and "snuggled up to" management on ago, a long-proposed revision of the 1952 collects income from operating mines, not safety issues, the U.M.W. Journal recently law specifically requiring diversion of a from those harried by mine inspectors o.r labeled Nader and Hechler as "finks" in a minimum flow of dust-and gas-diluting closed down for safety violations. front-page editorial. And the union maga forced air ventilation to the working face of The U.M.W.'s obvious conflicts of interest are a legacy of John L. Lewis, the 89-year-old zine has engaged in such a Mao Tse-tung coal mines-a point beyond the last moving glorification of Boyle and his record as a air current in the established workings-was former president. Lewis's postwar decision to help the coal industry survive by sacrificing safety crusader-it refers to him as a "union dropped by the bureau upon the B.C.O.A.'s chieftain"-that the U.M.W. has become an complaint that it would be too costly. 400,000 miners' jobs to mechanization in re turn for the company royalties was regarded embarrassment to its friends in Congress. It has been known for years that progres then as a modernizing act of industrial While fulminating at the charges of collabo sive contamination of mine ventilation air statesmanship. But it established alliances ration with the industry. The Journal has a pickup of dangerous amounts of methane that obviously are not in the best interests- not reported that weeks before the Consol or coal dust, or both-results from coursing on mine safety, if nothing else--of the rank disaster, the U.M.W. was convicted along with air from one working section of a mine to and-file membership. For example, under the Consolidation Coal Company in a Federal another before routing it to the surface. Lewis the U.M.W. bought control of the Na• court in Lexington, Ky., of conspiring to cre The practice is known to have caused ex tlonal Bank of Washington, a profitable side ate a monopoly in the soft coal industry. plosions and deaths. Yet a year ago the line that has furthered the appearance, if With the conviction, which is being appealed, B.C.O.A. was stlll dickering privately with not the fact, of shared interests by making went a $7,300,000 damage award, to be paid the bureau, demanding language in the loans to coal companies. half by the union and half by the company bureau's proposals for tougher mine ventila Since Congress was no help, in 1946 the that Boyle has praised for "cooperation." The tion standards which would say that if it Interior Department, which was then oper case involved Consol's alleged withdrawal of cost too much tu provide a separate "split" ating the mines under President Truman's coal marketing services from South-East Coal of air to each active working plaoe it would strike-induced Federal seizure order, nego Company after the company went non not be required until after "a reasonable tiated with the unions (as a condition in union. time"-not, of course, defined. the contract) safety standards unobtainable Moreover the coal industry can hardly It is not that any of these proposals were by other means. Compliance with the con cry poor this year. Because of its secure grip new. The industry could claim no element tract's so-called Mine Safety Code, which on a growing share-now more than half of surprise--except at the idea of being com htoorporates many of the reforms talked of the fuel market in the surging electric pelled to adopt them after so long a history about since the early nineteen-hundreds is utmty business, even the National Coal As of lethal laissez-jaire. Mine technology has monitored by Federal mine inspectors. But sociation is calling the future "glittering." been equal to all of these proposed measures its enforcement depends on the union, It turns out that local boosters who, through for at least all of this century-for 101,000 through its contractual right to withdraw depression upon depression, have been call mine deaths. men from mines in violation of the code. ing the state of West VIrginia "The Billion The inclusive almanac of mine disasters Compliance, according to Bureau of Mines Dollar Coal Field" were not far from wrong. published by the Bureau of Mines in 1960 (it Director O'Leary, "leaves much to be de As Senator Harrison A. Williams Jr. of is now out of print) says that the violently sired." The compliance average in 20 of the New Jersey noted in starting mine-safety explosive and unpredictable characteristics largest mines is 65 per cent, O'Leary has hearings, coal has become so profitable that of suspended coal dust in mines were known told Congressional committees, but ln some since 1966 the three largest coal producers as long ago as 1886. A team of mining states (depending on coal operator attitudes have been taken over by other giant min engineers which visited all the major coal and union militance) it is as low as 30 per eral corporations-Peabody Coal Company fields in 1908, a year after the worst mine cent and in one state as low as 7 per cent. by Kennecott Copper, Consolidation by explosion in American history had killed 362 The U.M.W.'s "safety division" at its head Continental Oil Company, and Island Creek men at Monongah, W. Va., published a de quarters in Washington consists of one man. Coal Company by Occidental 011. Accord tailed report identifying every source of all The Welfare and Retirement Fund is not ing to the National Coal Association, the the subsequent mine disasters (72,501 deaths the only loser when the men walk out of an list of on corporations that have acquired from 1909 through 1968) and recommending unsafe mine. The miners lose wages. When I coal-mining companies now includes at least March 31, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8127 20 of the major petroleum producers--Gulf, is fiat, so we have not publicly endorsed the to the ever-mounting casualties in Shell, Humble, Standard of Ohio, Atlantic use of globes." Southeast Asia and should reevaluate its Richfield, Sun, Ashland and Kerr-McGee no cease-ftre decision whlle the diplo among them. It was a relief to know, Sen in ator Williams noted, that the safety hear TRffiUTE TO SERVICE OF APPA matic talks proceed Paris. ings would not be "complicated" by the LACHIAN COCHAmMAN At the same time, I am somewhat dis usual coal claims of imminent bankruptcy. tressed by the discussion in the Congress To the oil owners of coal, Williams pointedly Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Speaker, about the imminent release of some $30 observed that the spectacle of on-well pol the man who has served as the Federal billion now being spent in Southeast lution of the Pacific Ocean of! Santa Bar Cochairman of the Appalachian Regional Asia. As a member of the House Com bara, Calif., and new evidence of "lung pol Commission for the past 2 years, the mittee on Appropriations, I know what lution" in the mines "may be trying to tell Honorable Joe w. Fleming n, recently could be done to meet the challenges at us something," "In both cases," he said, "we resigned, and I want to take this oppor home if $30 billion were suddenly made find at the top of the ownership structure tunity to commend his dedicated and big oll companies." available for our domestic priorities. I Whether or not by corporate edict from exceptional service to the people of the also know that such talk misleads the these powerful new coal owners, the fact is 13-State Appalachian region. American people. Former Secretary of that the National Coal Association, the He was appointed to the Federal co State Dean Rusk in a recent statement largest industry group, is taking a remark chairmanship by President Johnson in pointed out that if we decided to with ably calm and even welcoming view of the February 1967, before his 30th birthday. draw all our troops from Vietnam strenuous safety legislation before Congress Prior to the appointment, he had served tomorrow, it would take about 2 years this year. By enacting the Nixon Administra as a special assistant to the Commission tion blll, which is among the strongest of to evacuate. In addition, billions of dol the lot, Congress could close all the old and had worked on Capitol Hill. lars worth of heaVY equipment would loopholes at once and take-for coal-a dar Mr. Fleming, who is more generally remain in South Vietnam-not to men ing new step into industrial human ecol called "Pat" by his many friends, has ex tion economic aid to that Nation. ogy. The Nixon bill would require mine op hibited unique insights into the needs There are enough reasons to press for erators to attack the black-lung epidemic and problems of the Appalachian area. settlement of this war and to end the among miners by reducing coal dust con He used imagination in seeking solutions tragic death tolls, without holding out tamination in mine air to 4.5 mllligrams of to problems and meeting needs. He dis the unrealistic promise that $30 billion respirable dust per cubic meter of air, as a played unusual skills and diplomacy in starter. The standard is a compromise of the will suddenly be available for domestic U.S. Public Health Service's 1968 recommen exercising his function as the Federal programs. dation-s milUgrams. It would become ef Cochairman of the Commission. Those who mislead the American peo fective six months after passage of the law As chairman of the ad hoc Committee ple on that score are simply creating a and could be lowered later by decision of on Appalachia for the Public Works new credibility gap-a practice they the Secretary of the Interior. The dust-con Committee, I have just concluded hear have condemned in the past. trol problem is publicly pictured as a cost ings on extension and revision of the Ap nightmare by the industry. The Bureau of palachian Regional Development Act. It Mines estimates that the cost will be only would have been encouraging to every pennies per ton. ENROLLED JOINT RESOLUTION The economics of mine safety are the one Member of the House to have heard the SIGNED testimony of the Governors, our fellow great unknown in this year's reform spree. Mr. FRIEDEL, from the Committee on No one knows what the cost of a century Members, and private citizens concern of neglect has been. Lee White, the chair ing the advances which are being made in House Administration, reported that that man of the Federal Power Commission, which Appalachia, and equally important, the committee had examined and found regulates wholesale electric power rates, unusual praise for the operation and truly enrolled a joint resolution of the opened the door a crack during Secretary function of the Commission. This was House of the following title, which was Udall's post-Farmington mea culpa last De particularly refreshing at a time when thereupon signed by the Speaker: cember by observing that, as a nation, we critics seem plentiful for many Federal H.J. Res. 584. Joint resolution making a have lost money as well as life in the mines, supplemental appropriation for the fiscal "and we must pay." The F.P.C. is anxious activities. The testimony indicates a total State endorsement of the concepts and year ending June 80, 1969, and for other to pass on to consumers "all savings in costs purposes. that are properly made," White said. But lf implementation of the regional devel it takes an increase in the cost of electricity opment approach which is proving so to indemnify the miners who dig the coal beneficial to the people of Appalachia. THE LATE HONORABLE DWIGHT for steam-electric power, "I believe the The Federal Cochairman, as the repre DAVID EISENHOWER American people are willing and should be sentative of the Federal interest in the willing to pay that extra case . . . . For all program, is due a large measure of credit Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I offer a I know, we are not talking about increased resolution. rates but only a smaller decrease in rates." for the success and excellent relation Some but not all of coal's new 20-year ship evident with the various States. The Clerk read the resolution as fol and 30-year contracts to supply the huge In his relations with the Congress, Pat lows: fuel demands of electric power contain es Fleming was always responsive to re H. RES. 351 calator clauses, which would permit certain quests for information and assistance Resolved, That the House of Representa price increases to pay for safety. But a share important in preparing legislation for the tives has learned with profound regret and the-cost program may not be as easy to work sorrow of the death of General of the Army out as White made it seem; one reason that program. His cooperative attitude and Dwight David Eisenhower, beloved former the coal industry is so mercilessly cost-con constructive approach to problems made President of the United States of America. scious has been the strong downward pres my work as chairman of the ad hoc com Resolved, That in recognition of the many sure on prices exerted by the electric utllities, mittee less burdensome. virtues, public and private, of the illustrious including the Government's own Tennessee Pat Fleming is intelligent, knowledge soldier and statesman, and as a mark of re Valley Authority, the biggest of all coal con able, capable, and industrious. He has spect to one who has held such eminent sumers. The average value per ton of coal amply shown this in the discharge of his public stations, the Speaker shall appoint a at the mine has dropped from $4.99 in 1948 responsibilities as Federal Cochairman of committee of the House to join with such to $4.62 last year. Members of the Senate as may be designated, It may be significant that John Corcoran, the Appalachian Regional Development to attend the funeral services of the former the president of Consol-a moderate man to Commission. I commend him for his President. start with, by coal industry standards, and service. He has a bright future, and I Resolved, That the House tenders its deep one who has been deeply affected by the wish him every success in the years sympathy to the members of the family of Farmington disaster-also is chairman of ahead. the former President in their sad bereave the National Coal Association and a director ment. of the American Mining Association and the Resolved, That the Sergeant at Arms of Bituminous Coal Association. The industry A NEW CREDffiiLITY GAP the House be authorized and directed to does seem to be speaking with a new voice. take such steps as may be necessary for But the coal industry is still a very loose Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, as the carrying out the provisions of these resolu coallt1on of new humanists and old bucca new administration faces its first hard tions, and that the necessary expenses in neers. And as one of its publicists put it decisions concerning our involvement in connection therewith be paid out of the recently, "We are like any association-we Vietnam, and recalls its magic plan contingent fund of the House. reflect the lowest common denominator. We mentioned during the presidential cam Resolved, That the Clerk communicate have a few members who think the world paign, the administration should awaken these resolutions to the Senate and trans- 8128 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 31, 1969 mit a copy of the same to the family of the sons to receive dlsa.billty insurance benefits ployed by the United States who are killed deceased. thereunder; to the Committee on Ways and or totally disabled in the line of duty; to the Means. Committee on the Judiciary. The resolutions were agreed to. By Mr. BROOMFIELD: By Mr. MURPHY of New York: The SPEAKER. The Chair appoints H.R. 9676. A bill to amend title 18, United H.R. 9689. A bill to amend the Railroad the Speaker and the entire membership States Code, to prohibit the maillng of ob Retirement Act of 1937 to provide a full of the House to attend the funeral serv scene matter to minors, and for other pur annuity for any individual (without regard ices for former President Dwight D. poses; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to his age) who has completed 30 years of Eisenhower this afternoon at the Wash By Mr. CELLER: railroad service; to the Committee on Inter H.R. 9677. A bill to amend section 1866 of state and Foreign Commerce. ington National Cathedral. title 28, United States Code, prescribing the By Mr. PHILBIN: Members' wives have also been invited manner in which summonses for jury duty H.R. 9690. A bill to expand the definition of to attend these services. may be served; to the Committee on the deductible moving expenses incurred by an The Chair appoints as members of the Judiciary. employee; to the Committee on Ways and committee on the part of the House to By Mr. FARBSTEIN: Means. attend the funeral services in Abilene, H.R. 9678. A bill to amend the Internal By Mr. RIEGLE: Kans., the gentleman from Texas, Mr. Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that the first H.R. 9691. A bill to amend the Internal $5,000 received as civil service retirement an FISHER, and the gentleman from Kansas, Revenue Code of 1954 to increase certain nuity from the United States or any agency personal income tax exemptions of a tax Mr.MizE. thereof shall be excluded from gross income; payer (including spouses and dependents), Transportation will be furnished to the to the Committee on Ways and Means. to allow a credit against income tax to indi cathedral this afternoon for Members By Mr. FOREMAN: viduals for certain expenses incurred in pro and their wives and will also be available H.R. 9679. A bill to amend the InJternal viding and obtaining higher education, to ex for the return to the Capitol at the com Revenue Code of 1954 to allow teachers to pand the definition of deductible moving pletion of the services. deduct from gross income the expenses in expenses incurred by employees, to protect Buses will leave from New Jersey Ave curred in pursuing courses for aoademic funds invested in series E U.S. savings bonds, nue, between Independence Avenue and credit and degrees at institutions of higher to provide a credit for certain single persons, education and including certain travel; to to provide a deduction for transportation and C Streets, promptly at 3:15 p.m. for the the Committee on Ways and Means. personal exemption for disabled individuals, trip to the cathedral. By Mr. FRASER: to repeal manufacturer's excise tax on pas The Clerk will report the remaining H.R. 9680. A bill to amend the Internal senger automobiles and trucks, to revise and resolution. Reveune Code of 1954 to liberaliZe both the improve the income tax treatment of senior The Clerk read as follows: minimum standard deduction and the per Americans, to limit the maximum rate of Resolved, That as a further mark of re centage standard deduction, and to increase percentage depletion, to provide an incentive spect to the memory of the former President, from $600 to $1,000 the personal income for corporate investment in developing this House do now adjourn. tax exemption of the taxpayer; to the Com countries, to provide a tax credit for certain mittee on Ways and Means. local residential and property taxes, to modify The resolution was agreed to. By Mr. FRIEDEL (by request) : the capital gains treatment of property ac H.R. 9681. A bill to amend the Interstate quired from a decedent, and to repeal multi Commerce Act, with respect to recovery of a ple-surtax exemptions; to the Committee on ADJOURNMENT reasonable attorney's fee in case of success Ways and Means. ful maintenance of an action for recovery By Mr. SCHERLE: Accordingly (at 1 o'clock and 30 min of damages sustained in transportation of H.R. 9692. A bill to amend section 204(a) utes p.m.) the House adjourned until to property; to the Committee on Interstate of the Coinage Act of 1965 in order to author morrow, Tuesday, April 1, 1969, at 12 and Foreign Commerce. ize mining of all new quarter-dollar pieces o'clock noon. By Mrs. GREEN of Oregon: with a likeness of the late President Dwight H.R. 9682. A bill to amend the Internal David Eisenhower on one side; to the Com Revenue Code of 1954 to increase from $600 mittee on Banking and Currency. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, to $1,200 the personal income tax exemptions By Mr. SIKES: of a taxpayer (including the exemption for H.R. 9693. A bill to permit civllian em ETC. a spouse, the exemption for a. dependent, ployees of the United States employed out Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive and the additional exemptions for old age side of the United States to import certain communications were taken from the and blindness); to the Committee on Ways firearms and ammunition purchased abroad; Speaker's table and referred as follows: and Means. to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT: By Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin: 633. A communication from the Acting H.R. 9683. A bill to repeal chapter 44 of H.R. 9694. A bill to amend the Internal Director, Office of Economic Opportunity, title 18, United States Code (relating to Revenue Code of 1954 to allow an incentive Executive Office of the President, transmit firearms) , to reenact the Federal Firearms tax credit for a part of the cost of construct ting a report of an independent study and Act, and to restore chapter 53 of the Internal ing or otherwise providing facilities for the evaluation of the implementation of sections Revenue Code of 1954 as in effect before its control of water or air pollution, and to per 210 and 211 of the 1967 amendments to the amendment by the Gun Control Act of 1968; mit the amortization of such cost within a Economic Opportunity Act, pursuant to the to the Committee on the Judiciary. period of from 1 to 5 years; to the Committee provisions of section 233(c) of that act; to By Mr. KARTH: on Ways and Means. the Committee on Education and Labor. H.R. 9684. A bill to amend the Internal By Mr. GRAY: 634. A communication from the Assistant Revenue Code of 1954 to increase from $600 H.J. Res. 611. A resolution authorizing the to the Commissioner of the District of Co to $1,200 the personal income tax exemp President to proclaim February of each year lumbia, transmitting a draft of proposed leg tions of a. taxpayer (including the exemption a.s "American History Month"; to the Com islation to amend title 5 of the United States for a spouse, the exemption for a. dependent, mittee on the Judiciary. Code with respect to pay received by public and the additional exemptions for old age By Mr. GRIFFIN: school tee.chers of the District of Columbia and blindness}; to the Committee on Ways H.J. Res. 612. A resolution proposing an for employment during the summer vacation and Means. amendment to the Constitution of the United period; to the Committee on Post Office and By Mr. McEWEN: States requiring the advice and consent of Civil Service. H.R. 9685. A bill to regulate imports of the House of Representatives in the making milk and dairy products, and for other pur of treaties; to the Committee on the Judi poses; to the Committee on Ways and ciary. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Means. H.J. Res. 613. A resolution proposing an My Mr. McMILLAN (by request) : Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public amendment of the Constitution of the H.R. 9686. A bill to provide public assist United States to prevent interference with, bills and resolutions were introduced and ance to mass transit bus companies in the and eliminate the limitations upon, the severally referred, as follows: District of Columbia, and for other purposes; power of the States to regulate health, mor By Mr. ANDERSON of California.: to the Committee on the District of als, education, domestic relations, all prop H.R. 9674. A bill to authorize the U.S. Com Columbia. erty rights, transportation wholly within missioner of Education to make grants to By Mr. MINSHALL: their borders, the election laws, with the elementary and secondary schools and other H.R. 9687. A bill to amend section 3006A of 11Initat1ons contained in this proposed educational institutions for the conduct of title 18, United States Code, relating to repre amendment, and good order therein; to the special educational programs and activities sentation of defendants who are financially Committee on the Judiciary. concerning the use of drugs and for other re unable to obtain an adequate defense in By Mr. LONG of Maryland: lated educational purposes; to the Committee criminal cases in the courts of the United H.J. Res. 614. A resolution authorizing the on Education and Labor. States; to the Committee on the Judiciary. President to proclaim the week of September H.R. 9675. A bill to amend title II of the H.R. 9688. A bill to extend benefits under 28, 1969, through October 4, 1969, as "Na Social Security Act so as to liberalize the con section 8191 of title 5, United States Code, to tional Adult-Youth Communications Week"; ditions governing eligibllity of blind per- law enforcement officers and firemen not em- to the Committee on the Judiciary. April 1, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8129 MEMORIAL By Mr. ADDABBO: By Mr. HANNA: H.R. 9695. A blll for the relief of C&rmelo H.R. 9700. A blll for the relief of Mrs. Jas Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials DiFiore; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mine T. Dillon; to the Committee on the Ju were presented and referred, as follows: By Mr. BIAGGI: diciary. 97. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the H.R. 9696. A blll for the relief of Cirino Legislature of the State of North Dakota, Ca.rroccetto; to 'the Committee on the Judi relative to regulation of outdoor advertising; ciary. PETITIONS, ETC. to the Committee on Public Works. H.R. 9697. A bill for the relief of Rita Del Grosso; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions By Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts: and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk H.R. 9698. A bill for the relief of Chrtstos and referred as follows: PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS G. Pappas; to the Committee on the Judi ciary. 84. The SPEAKER presented a petition of Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private By Mr. FLOWERS: Mrs. Kata.rzyna Zerucha, Oleszyce, Poland, bills and resolutions were introduced and H.R. 9699. A blll for the relief of Catherine relative to widow's social security benefits; severally referred, as follows: E. Spell; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Comm.Lttee on Ways and Means.
HOUSE O,F REPRESE.NTATIVE.S-Tuesday, April 1, 1969
The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Resolved, That the Secretary of the Sen I :find myself completely out of pa The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, ate transmit these resolutions to the House tience with the Army proposal, and I D.D., offered the following prayer: of Representatives and transmit a copy have protested this action in strongest thereof to the family of the deceased. terms, both to the Army's Secretary and He that giveth, let him do it with sim Resolved, That as a. further mark of respect Chief of Staff and to Secretary Laird. plicity; he that ruleth with diligence,· he to the memory of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. America is not ready to give up religious that showeth mercy with cheerjulness. teaching, either in or out of the Army. Romans 12: 8. 0 God, our Father, in whose love is SWEARING IN OF A MEMBER our life, in whose service is our strength, CONGRESS MUST ACT NOW TO IN and in whose will is our work, grant unto Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask SURE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN us increasing power that we may labor unanimous consent that the gentleman THE MINES from Tennessee, Mr. EDWARD JONES, be unceasingly for the welfare of our coun