Von Pastor Aeternus Zu Lumen Fidei

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Von Pastor Aeternus Zu Lumen Fidei Von Pastor aeternus zu Lumen fidei Wechselwirkungen von päpstlichem Amtsverständnis und päpstlicher Symbolik im zeitgeschichtlichen Kontext Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Heidelberg Vorgelegt von: Sören Lätsch Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Edgar Wolfrum Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Cord Arendes Abgabedatum: 31.07.2018 Prüfungsdatum: 05.06.2019 in memoriam Prof. Dr. STEFAN WEINFURTER (1945–2018) Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Nota explicativa praevia Abkürzungsverzeichnisse 1. Dimensionierung und Detektierbarkeit von Selbstbild und Symbolik des Papsttums in der Zeitgeschichte ........ 1 2. Zwischen Autoritarismus und Diplomatie – Das Papstamt im Zeitalter der Weltkriege ......................................... 15 2.1. Pastor aeternus – Die pianische Krise des Papsttums .................................................................................................... 16 2.2. Gott mit uns? – Der Papst und die Urkatastrophe von 1914 ........................................................................................... 21 2.3. Der Papst, das umgestaltete Europa und das Erbe des Ersten Weltkrieges ................................................................... 27 2.4. Pax Christi in regno Christi – Päpstliche Diplomatie zwischen den Weltkriegen ............................................................. 34 2.5. Mit brennender Sorge – Ein Pontifikat im Zeitalter totalitärer Ideologien ......................................................................... 42 2.6. Das Papstamt angesichts von Vernichtungskrieg und Holocaust .................................................................................... 56 3. Pastor angelicus und Papa buono – Die päpstliche Selbstverordnung zu Beginn des Kalten Krieges ............... 69 3.1. Dogma und Demokratie – Transformations- und Konservierungsprozesse nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ...................... 70 3.2. Meminisse iuvat – Neue Aufgaben und neue Akzente im päpstlichen Lehramt .............................................................. 77 3.3. „Der Stellvertreter“ und die Rezeptionskrise des Papsttums ........................................................................................... 85 3.4. Pacem in terris – Frieden als alter und neuer Topos im päpstlichen Amtsverständnis .................................................... 89 4. Von Visionen und Reformen – Die Papstkirche und das zweite vatikanische Konzil ........................................... 103 4.1. Der Papst und das Aggiornamento – Die Vision der Konzilsidee als neues Pfingstfest ................................................ 104 4.2. Zwei Päpste, ein Konzil – Vorbereitung, Eröffnung und Übernahme des Konzils ......................................................... 112 4.3. Lumen gentium – Die Stellung des Papsttums durch das zweite Vaticanum ................................................................ 124 4.4. Das Konzil als Motor der Modernisierung – Liturgiereform, Religionsfreiheit und Einheitswunsch ............................... 134 5. Der Welt abhandengekommen? – Der Papst, die Hoffnung der Welt und der globale Protest ........................... 151 5.1. Vom Reformer zu „Pillenpaule“ – Die Reform der Kurie und die nachkonziliare Krise .................................................. 152 5.2. Gianpaolo – Das Lächeln der dreiunddreißig Tage ........................................................................................................ 171 5.3. Johannes Paul II. und die Spaltung von Kirche und Gesellschaft ................................................................................. 181 6. Sic transit gloria mundi – Die Wandlung der päpstlichen Symbolik ....................................................................... 201 6.1. Die Niederlegung der Tiara und der Insignienschatz des Papstes ................................................................................ 202 6.2. Papsttod und Konklave im rituellen Wandel ................................................................................................................... 216 6.3. Neue Wege der päpstlichen Heraldik ............................................................................................................................ 234 6.4. Von der Bulle zur Enzyklika als neues Zentrum der päpstlichen Diplomatik ................................................................. 243 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7. Ein Pontifex auf Reisen – Papsttum trifft Globalisierung ........................................................................................ 253 7.1. Der Papst verlässt den Vatikan – Die ersten Papstreisen.............................................................................................. 254 7.2. Populorum progressio – Entwicklungshilfe als päpstliche Friedenslehre ...................................................................... 264 7.3. Das Papstamt, die Weltkirche und der römische Zentralismus – Thematische Schwerpunkte päpstlicher Reisen ....... 267 7.4. Wojtyła, Ratzinger, Bergolio – Das Ende des italienischen Papsttums ......................................................................... 282 8. Non abbiate paura! – Der Papst und die Zeitenwende 1989/90 ............................................................................... 291 8.1. Die päpstliche Friedenspolitik nach dem Konzil ............................................................................................................. 293 8.2. Ein polnischer Papst und das Ende des Kalten Krieges ................................................................................................ 297 8.3. Ut unum sint – Der päpstliche Primat und die Ökumene ............................................................................................... 312 8.4. Päpste vor Auschwitz – Erinnerungskultur eines unfehlbaren Amtes ............................................................................ 322 9. Krisen, Rücktritte, Revolutionen – Das Petrusamt im dritten Jahrtausend ........................................................... 335 9.1. Kontinuitäten und Brüche nach dem Jahrhundertpontifikat Johannes Pauls II. ............................................................. 336 9.2. Vom Panzerkardinal zum Krisenpapst – Islamkritik, Restaurationsvorwürfe, Missbrauchsskandale ............................ 343 9.3. Ein Papst tritt zurück ...................................................................................................................................................... 353 9.4. Laudato si‘ und Lumen fidei – Von den Rändern der Gesellschaft und dem gemeinsamen Haus ................................ 358 9.5. Neue symbolische Konzepte und offene Fragen von päpstlicher Repräsentation......................................................... 373 10. Entschlackt, entweltlicht und entmystifiziert – Wechselwirkungsmechanismen von Amtsverständnis und Symbolik des Papsttums ........................................ 385 Anhang 1: Tabellarische Zusammenfassung der Pontifikate seit 1914 ........................................................................ 398 Anhang 2: Papstwappen seit 1903 ............................................................................................................................... 399 Anhang 3: Kartografische Übersicht zu den Reisezielen der Päpste seit 1963 ............................................................ 402 Anhang 4: Geografische Distribution der Konklaveteilnehmer seit 1914 ...................................................................... 404 Quellenkorpus ................................................................................................................................................................ 406 Literaturverzeichnis ........................................................................................................................................................ 419 Internetartikel ................................................................................................................................................................. 428 Bildnachweise ................................................................................................................................................................ 431 Nota explicativa praevia Nota explicativa praevia Dieser erläuternden Vorbemerkung seien Worte des Dankes an die Personen vorangestellt, ohne deren Unterstützung die vorliegende Dissertation nicht hätte entstehen oder gar zu Ende geführt werden können. Daher gilt mein Dank zuvörderst Herrn Prof. Dr. Edgar Wolfrum, meinem Doktorvater, für sein uner- schütterliches Vertrauen in dieses Projekt, seinen Zuspruch und seine wertvollen Ideen in jedem Stadium des Dissertationsprojektes. Ferner bedanke ich mich bei den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbei- tern des Lehrstuhls für Zeitgeschichte für den konstruktiven und kritischen Austausch, der maßgeb- lich zum Gelingen des Projektes beigetragen hat. Ich danke im Besonderen Herrn Prof. Dr. Stefan Weinfurter, in dessen Seminar im Jahre 2014 die Grundidee dieses Dissertationsvorhabens erstmals gekeimt ist, für das Vertrauen in mich und das Projekt, für seine zahlreichen Ratschläge, die herzliche Konversation und die Bereitschaft, das Zweitgutachten zu dieser Dissertation anzufertigen. Sei überraschender Tod im August 2018 hat die Fertigstellung dieser Arbeit überschattet. Daher gilt ein besonderer Dank Herrn Prof. Dr. Cord Arendes, der sich nach dem Tod von Professor Weinfurter freundlicherweise dazu bereit erklärt
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