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Römermuseum Und Römerhaus Augst Kurztexte Und Hintergrundinformationen

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Römermuseum Und Römerhaus Augst Kurztexte Und Hintergrundinformationen ALEX R. FURGER Römermuseum und Römerhaus Augst Kurztexte und Hintergrundinformationen ALEX R. FURGER Römermuseum und Römerhaus Augst Kurztexte und Hintergrundinformationen Augst 1989 Umschlagbild Sylvia Fünfschilling ISBN 3-7151-1210-7 Zweite, korrigierte Auflage Herausgeber: Amt für Museen und Archäologie des Kantons Basel-Landschaft Redaktion: Alex R. Furger Verlag und Bestelladresse: Römermuseum, CH-4302 Augst Satz: Grauwiller AG, Liestal, und Gissler Druck AG, Allschwil Druck: Gissler Druck AG, Allschwil © 1989 Römermuseum Augst Inhalt Vorwort 5 Ausstellung im Museum Augusta Raurica / Augusta Rauricorum 7 Stadtgründung und erste Besiedlung 8 Stadtverwaltung 9 P • C * R - «Dies ist öffentliches Koloniegebiet» 10 Der vollständige Name der Kolonie ; 10 Die Inschrift im Versteck des Schrotthändlers 11 Daten zur Stadtgeschichte der Colonia Raurica 12 Das Stadtplanschema von Augusta Raurica 13 Städtische Einrichtungen 14 Geschäfts- und Handwerksquartiere 16 Das Koloniegebiet 18 Die Stadt: Zentrum der Kolonie 20 Koloniebewohner und ihre Namen 21 Der Bronzegeschirrfund von Kaiseraugst 22 Die Nahrungsmittel der römischen Menükarte 25 In die nördlichen Provinzen importierte Lebensmittel 26 Tischsitten - bei den Römern und bei uns 27 Schmuckmode im Wandel der Zeit (von Emilie Riha) 28 Schmuck für Sie und Ihn (von Emilie Riha) 30 Körperpflege und Toilettgerät 31 Schrift . 32 Inschriften in der Öffentlichkeit 33 Schrift im Privatgebrauch 34 Längenmasse 36 Flächenmasse 39 Hohlmasse 40 Das römische Gewichtssystem 41 Waagen und Gewichte 42 Das Währungssystem der römischen Kaiserzeit (von Markus Peter) 43 Preise und Löhne (von Markus Peter) 46 Römische Münzstätten (von Markus Peter) 47 Münzbilder (von Markus Peter) 48 Auch in Augusta Rauricorum wurden Münzen hergestellt (von Markus Peter) 50 Bronzegiessereien 53 Legierungen für jeden Zweck 54 Bronze-Gusstechniken 55 Schmiedehandwerk 56 Römisches Glas (von Beat Rütti) 57 Herstellungstechniken 58 Ziertechniken 59 Die Glasmacherwerkstätten von Kaiseraugst 60 Herstellung von Bildlampen 61 Lichtquellen: Lämpchen, Kerzen und Laternen 62 Römische und einheimische Götter in Augst 64 Augster Götter-Hitparade 65 Die Minervabüste aus Insula 37 (1978) (von Teodora Tomasevic-Buck und Verena Müller-Vogel) 66 Merkur - der meistverehrte Gott 67 Das frühe Christentum 68 Das frühchristliche Baptisterium in Kaiseraugst 69 Castrum Rauracense (Kastell Kaiseraugst) und Umgebung 70 Die Kastellmauer 72 Die Legio I Martia im Kastell Kaiseraugst 73 Die Thermen in Kaiseraugst 74 Münzfunde widerspiegeln die Kastellgeschichte (von Markus Peter) 76 Der Silberschatz von Kaiseraugst 77 Das Kastell-Gräberfeld 78 Ausstellung im Römerhaus HORTULUS ROMANUS - Römisches Gärtchen 80 Die Wandmalerei im Speisezimmer 83 Ein römisches Essen (von Elisabeth Alföldi-Rosenbaum) 84 Eine Badewanne aus Insula 42 85 Deckenmalerei mit Fischen 85 Metzgereien 86 Räucherkammern für Schinken und Würste 87 Schankstube und Verkaufsladen (taberna) 88 Römische Amphoren 89 Das Römermuseum mit dem Römerhaus 90 Besucher-Informationsecke Römischer Spieltisch: Zwei neue Spielregeln zum alten Römerspiel 91 Literaturhinweise 96 Abbildungsnachweis 101 Vorwort Die Ausstellung zur römischen Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte in Augst und Kaiser• augst musste sich seit der Eröffnung des Römermuseums auf den relativ kleinen Aus• stellungssaal mit nur gerade 135 m2 Ausstellungsfläche beschränken. Die Aufstellung der Originalfunde in Eichenholzvitrinen ist von 1957 bis 1980 beinahe unverändert geblieben. Max Martin, damaliger Konservator am Römermuseum, hat dann 1980 ein Viertel des Saales mit der Sonderausstellung «Römische Tempel in Augst und Kaiseraugst» neu ein• gerichtet und verschiedene Entwürfe für eine grundlegende Umgestaltung gemacht. Erst im Herbst 1983 konnten wir dann allerdings ein neues Ausstellungskonzept erarbeiten, das in den folgenden vier Jahren in kleinen Schritten und grösstenteils mit eigenem Perso• nal und eigenen Mitteln aus dem laufenden Budget realisiert werden konnte. Die Funde sind nun - ausgestellt in teils umgebauten, teils neuen Vitrinen - mit stichwort• artigen Kurztexten in Deutsch und Französisch beschriftet. Zusätzlich zu diesen sehr knappen Angaben wollten wir mit Hintergrundinformationen und ausführlicheren Texten und Illustrationen grössere Zusammenhänge aufzeigen und Wissen vermitteln, das durch Augster Originalfunde allein nicht dargestellt werden kann. So entstanden mit der Zeit etwa 80 Informationstäfelchen, die in einheitlicher graphischer Aufmachung (Format A3) in Text und Bild gewisse Themen zum römischen Alltag, zu Geschichte, Wirtschaft und Kultur erläutern. Die Auswahl der Themen ist sehr willkürlich, da sie sich auf Ausschnitte aus der gesamten Thematik beschränken muss, die durch das beschränkte Platzangebot notgedrungen gegeben ist. So fehlen im Römermuseum Augst grundsätzliche Themen römischer Kulturgeschichte wie z.B. Hausbau, Töpferei, Toten• kult oder Landwirtschaft, die alle durch Originale, Texte und zeitgenössische Darstellun• gen präsentiert werden könnten. Mit Rücksicht auf die Laien und auf die zahlreichen Schulkinder wurden die Texte zum Teil sehr populär formuliert. Dass dabei der «Wissen• schaftlichkeit», die von Fachleuten gerne gefordert wird und oft nicht ausführlich genug sein kann, nicht in extenso Genüge getan wird, ist mir durchaus bewusst. Das heisst jedoch nicht, dass durch knappe Formulierungen und Vereinfachungen zwangsläufig ein verzerrtes kulturgeschichtliches Bild entstehen würde! Das vorliegende Heft fasst alle diese Informationstäfelchen in verkleinertem Format zusammen. Die Reihenfolge, wie sie im Inhaltsverzeichnis zusammengestellt ist, richtet sich nach thematischen Kriterien und nicht immer nach der Reihenfolge der Panneaux im Museum und im Römerhaus. Zu verschiedenen Themen durfte ich auf Vorarbeiten oder sogar Texte von Kolleginnen und Kollegen zurückgreifen. Zu danken habe ich J. Ewald (zu Seiten 8; 12; 19), E. Foltz (10), W.-L. Haas (91), S. Jacomet (26; 80-82), Chr. Jacquat (80-82), Chr. Jungck (80-82), A. Kaufmann-Heinimann (64-67), H. Lieb (9), M. Martin (7; 14; 18 f.; 78 f.), S. Martin- Kilcher (23; 40; 89), C. May (80-82; 90), V. Müller-Vogel (23 f.; 66; 83), A. Mutz (41 f.; 54-56), E. Riha (28-31), E. Ruoff (80-82), B. Rütti (57-59), J. Tauber (19), T. Tomasevic- Buck (60; 66), J. Weiss (61) und insbesondere Markus Peter für die ausführlichen Zusam• menstellungen zu den Münzen (43-52; 76) sowie Sylvia Fünfschilling für zahlreiche Zeichnungen und Montagearbeiten. Alex R. Furger Augusta Raurica (Augusta Rauricorum) Die Koloniestadt AUGUSTA RAU• schauer fassen konnte und in dem RICA (Augusta Rauricorum) wurde vor allem Schauspiele (Komödien, um 15 v. Chr. als älteste römische Ko• Pantomimen usw.) aufgeführt wur• lonie am Rhein gegründet. Sie war den, lag auf einem Hügel ein weiterer ein Zentrum des Handels und des grosser Tempel, von dem heute noch Gewerbes und muss zu ihrer Blüte• das massive Podium erhalten ist und zeit, im 2. Jahrhundert n. Chr., etwa der mit einer breiten Treppe mit dem 10 000 bis 20 000 Einwohner gezählt Theater verbunden war. Die römi• haben. sche Stadt besass auch mindestens Die Koloniestadt war zur Römerzeit drei grosse öffentliche Bäder (ther• ein wichtiger Verkehrsknotenpunkt. mae). Hier liefen die Femstrassen von Ita• Ein wichtiger Stadtteil, der erst in lien (Grosser St. Bernhard) und von den letzten Jahren näher untersucht den Alpenpässen in Graubünden zu• werden konnte, entstand im 2. Jh. n. sammen. Chr. am Rhein unten bei Kaiser• Von Anfang an besass die Siedlung augst. Hier, in unmittelbarer Nähe eine Rheinbrücke. Über sie führte des Russhafens, entstanden zahlrei• der Verkehr in östlicher Richtung che Handelsniederlassungen, Lager• zum Bodensee und zur Donau, in häuser und Handwerksbetriebe. nordwestlicher Richtung um das Am Ende des 3. Jahrhunderts wurde Grenzacher Horn herum und über Augusta Raurica bei wiederholten Weil, Efringen zur nächsten römi• Überfällen und Plünderungen durch schen Brücke in Kembs. Vermutlich die Alamannen (ein Germanen• verlief im 1. und 2. Jahrhundert der stamm, der nördlich des Rheins wichtige Nordsüdverkehr zwischen wohnte) zerstört. Als Ersatz entstand Augst und Kembs vorwiegend auf im 4. Jahrhundert n. Chr. ein stark der rechten Rheinseite. befestigtes Kastell in Kaiseraugst/ Die Stadt war eine planmässige AG, am linken Rheinufer (Castrum Gründung. Zwischen rechtwinklig Rauracense). In diesem Kastell gab es sich kreuzenden Strassen lagen nebst der zivilen Bevölkerung auch rechteckige Stadtquartiere. Hier be• eine militärische Garnison, welche fanden sich entlang den Strassen die die am Rhein verlaufende Reichs• Werkstätten der Handwerker, die Lä• grenze zu verteidigen hatte. Zur An• den und Büros der Kaufleute, die lage gehörte, wohl von Anfang an, Metzgereien, Bäckereien usw.; hier ein gut befestigter, etwa 45x45 m lebten aber auch, meist im Innern grosser Brückenkopf am rechten der Häuserblocks, die Einwohner. Rheinufer (Gem. Wyhlen, Baden- Das Zentrum der Stadt lag östlich Württemberg), von dem noch Reste des Theaters, auf Boden der heutigen der Rundtürme erhalten sind. Gemeinde Augst/BL: Mittelpunkt Die zahlreichen schönen Funde aus war der Marktplatz (forum) mit Iup• Augst und Kaiseraugst sind im Rö• pitertempel und Rathaus (curia). Vor mermuseum Augst (neben dem dem Theater, das etwa 8000 Zu• Theater) ausgestellt. Die Gründung einer Stadt aus dem ten und Priester gleichermassen teil. »Nichts«, d.h. auf bislang unbesie- Historische Überlieferungen und deltem Gelände, war in römischen Bildquellen
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