, "

Vo/2, No, 9 Numismatic Art of Antiquity SEPTEMBER 1988 $1.25

Struck with premeditation Mules seen as coinage of necessity - not error by David L. Vagi Constantine II, Cons tans and Delma- Constantine the Great is known for tius. his many reforms ill the Roman The Roma obverse/soldiers-reverse world. To numismatists he is noted and the Constantinopolis obverse/ for the sweeping changes he made in soldiers-reverse mules were produced the Roman coinage system. A number between A.D. 336 and 337 at four of these changes clashed in A.D. major Eastern mints: Heraclea, 33516, resulting in lower quality Cyzicus. Nicomedia and Constanti­ coins and a peculiar series of 'mule' nople. The compact region on the error coins. coasts of the Sea of Marmara in which A mule is a 'hybrid' of standard the mints are located as well as the coin types, struck with obverse and short period of the mules' production reverse dies belonging to different are of great interest. issues. For example coin I, a standard The data show that these mules type, has the obverse/reverse were not the result o f mere combination N B; coin 2. another sloppiness, but of an intentional standard. type, has C/D. With this set­ compromise of quality to meet Post-reform folies of Constantius /I up, combinations AID and C/B would production standards during Constan­ struck on Pre-reform planchet be mules. Combinations Ale and BID tine's monetary reform of A.D. 335/6 would be highly improbable because which, in part, reduced the weight of of the hammer-and-anvil die system the bronze follis. used to produce coins. With this weight reduction came a qu ality on the smaller coins, one of shields and two standards between Three series of Constantin ian Era reduction in the foIles' diameter, from two things had to occur, a design them, the GLORIA-EXERCITUS bronze folies are involved in this an average of 17-18 millimeters to change or a design modification. The legend in the periphery and the group of muies: the voluminous 15-16 mm - reducing the surface area pre-reform reverse design of the mintmark in the exergue. 'soldiers'·reverse "GLORIA·EXERCI with which the celator had to work soliders-reverse follis included the Of these design elements, the only TVS" series celebrating the "Glory by about 20 percent following elements: two soldiers ones which realistically could be (fame) of the Army" and the two In order to retain acceptable design standing in the field with spears and Please turn to page X , most common commemoratives of the era, the "VRBS-ROMN with the bust of Roma/She-Wolf and Twins, and the "CONSTAN·TINOPQUS" Distinctive style with the bust of Constantino­ polis/Victory on Prow, which honor Eastern Severan coins attract collectors the two capitals of the Empire. The bulk of the soldiers· reverse by Douglas Smith following the death of Nero in 68 between Pescennius Niger, Clodius and city commemoratives were issued The history of the Roman Empire A.D. and the revolt of the Gordiani in Albinus, and the eventual victor, between A.D. 330-340, but as late as was punctuated with dates that have 238 A.D. Between these two events Septimus Severus. A.D. 347 at Antioch. These folIes proven over the years as having more stands that magnificent year 193 A.D. Certainly among the most interest­ were being issued in the name of five than normal interest to the collector during which the empire established ing issues of Septimus Severus are the different rulers, including Constan­ of ancient coins. Prominent among the army as the controller and source denarii issued during the war in the tine the Great. Constantius II, these can be counted the civil wars of emperors. The story of the New ·East with Pescennius Niger. An un­ Year's Eve murder of Commodus, the certain number of mints were estab­ elevation of the elderly Pertinax, and lished to fill the needs of the army in the shameful auction of the Purple to the East. These coins were produced in Didius Julianus has been told often distinctly Eastern style easily distin­ Miscellanea enough as not to require repeating guishable from the Roman coins. The • • • • here. It was obvious to most Romans locations and number of these mints that things had regressed to a point have been subjects of discussion for • Nelson-Atkins exhibits Greek art that a savior of the empire was needed years and the likelihood of certain The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City is currendy hosting - a strong man to restore order ~ a proof to settle this matter seems an exhibition titled "The human figure in Greek art". The 67 piece soldier with the power to enforce his slim. Coins existing which do not fit exhibition of Greek art from the tenth to the fifth centuries B.C. opened rule. The difficulty which arose here any of the mints styles have been on July 16 and will run until October 2. Included are marble statues was that not only was such a man attributed to minor branch mints, from the Acropolis, Greek bronzes, and an archaic painted terracotta waiting in the wings but there were travelling mints, and unofficial bar­ centaur. three volunteers for the job. This was barous mints of necessity. The possi· the prologue of the civil wars Please turn to page XIII • Mediterranean Archaeology debuts The first issue of Mediterranean Archaeology, an Australian and New Zealand Journal for the Archaeology of the Mediterranean World, is INSIDE being offered by the University of Queensland Press. The purpose of the r'tJ-< 0 .. annual publication is to provide a forum for archaeologists in Australia THE CELATOR: 8.' '" and New Zealand whose research focuses on the Mediterranean region. -;;;.&>0_ Personal subscriptio~ are A$46.00, students A$36.00 to P.O. Box 42, -xm St Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4067. ~..40 Point of View II N~ Book News 1111 8:'" • SAN members receive journal People VI Members of the Society for Ancient Numismatics were recendy treated' to Vol XVII, No. 3 of the society's journal SAN. Facing continued Art and Market VII H ~o production problems over the past three years, the. society has issued only Dust of Ages Villi ~.&. a token number of issues of its popular and well produced publication. Coin File XVIII • n The most recent issue contains articles by Marvin Tameanko, David R. Trivia XVIII &5 Sear, Walker Carlton, G. Ray Thompson and Raymond J. Hebert. Coming Events XVIlIl Persons interested in SAN may contact the society'S secretary, Beate '~'§ Rauch. at P.O. Box2138 TerminaJ Annex, Los Angeles, CA 90051. Classlfieds XXVI &l~ Prof. Directory liiO XXVI ~ - . I~ ,' The Celator September 1988

counterfeit detection in a future issue point of saying hello. it's always a of The C~lato r. great pleasure to meet readers of The Our travelling schedule for Cefator in person. Although we 7/,e Celmor's September includes the shows at New won't have a table at New York or York and Long Beach. In October we London. ask one of the dealers to will be at Coinex in London and the point us out. Meanwhile, tell a Point 0/ View ... Classical Numismatic Bourse in friend about the new voice of the Dallas. If you are planning to attend hobby ~n d by. all means. let us hear Commentary by Wayne G. Sayles one of these shows please make a your pomt of view!

t never occurred to me that so consist of reprints of articles and many readers might be features from issues of the previous Letters to the Editor I interested in the outcome of year. Watch for ads in Th~ Celator my planned vacation (participating in announcing their arrival. Dear Editor: These ancient mints were undoubt­ an archaeological excavation) at We have received several c;omments Phalasarna, Crete. It seems that edly located "intra-muros". or within from readers about the dearth of I am happy to see the continuation the walled upper portion of the city, armchair travel is still a popular advertisements in The Cefalor for pastime. Practically everyone that I of Steve Album's excellent series of for pro tection. When Henry IV lower priced coins. In this issue there articles on Islamic coinages. especially rebuilt the mint in 1454 (~because the have talked to since returning from are at least four ads which offer fairly Europe in June asks about the dig. the area of main interest to me, Arab­ previous facility was in ruins from detailed listings of individual coins, Sasanian silver coinage, or as the Sadly. I do not have a story to tell. di s u se~). it was also in the walled many in moderate price ranges. The article "Sasanian motifs used in portion of the city. This is the f"trst Through a combination of unfortunate only thing that will ensure more of circumstances. I did not make it to Islamic coinage" in the July issue of Segovia mint of which we know the the same is a solid response to these The Celator. I would, however, like definite location within the city. In Crete. I did, however, visit some of offerings. If these are the kind of ads the museums of Rome and Naples that to point out a few minor errors. order for Philip II to harness the that you want to see more of. it On illustration no. 4 page XIX force of the Eresma to "roll" his escaped my attention on earlier visits. would · be smart to write to those and made a trip to the excavations at Steve mentions that Pahlavi APD coins. the new mint had to be built advertising and indicate your wishes. (also can be read as AFID) is found on "extra-muros", outside the city walls­ Pompei. The site and modern city of Another common concern is that of Pompei are very worthwhile and coins of the Sasanian king Khusro II down by the river. A strange anomaly detecting counterfeits. Readers often from year 13 onwards. He also exists since Henry IV's facility mentions this in the text of the continued to hammer·strike coinage article. through 1685. a full century afler "In this issue there, are , at least four ads which offer fairly This is incorrect as it is found from Philip II's hydraulic mint was detailed "slings of md,v,dual COins. many in moderate price the year 12 onwards. though coins of operational. It is believed the round. ranges." the year 12 are rather scarce. machine·made coinage was used to pay On illustration no. 5, page XIX, Royal accounts while the crude hand· Steve reads the mint signature as ShY struck coins were for general cifcu· refreshing diversions in a part of Italy ask, How can I detect a counterfeit - Shifaz mint. and this is incorrect. lation. that offers little for the tourist. The coin? What should I look for? The All present and past research indicates One aspect of PROJECf SEGOVIA hope of participating in a dig still answer is far too complex to address that this mint ShY also can be read as '92, certain to fa scinate ancient bums bright and one of these years it in a column like this. however there SY (R) is Sirjan in the province of collectors. is the "PHILIP II will happen. are some obvious telltale signs that ' Kiernan. It can't be Shiraz and there is INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR Another Question that continues to every collector should be aware of. no evidence to support this reading. THE COINING ARTS". This medal­ surface is that of format for The We printed an excerpt from David Dr. Heinz Gaube in his corpus on this lic production and educational Celator. Some would like to see the Hendin's "Guide to Biblical Coins" in type of coinage ~ Arabosasanidische facility, located in the historic mint, tabloid converted into a magazine, Vol. 2. NO.3 (March 1988) which Numismatic~ (see Steve's footnotes), will replicate all coining techniques Having looked seriously at the reminds collectors to check such Dr. M.I. Mochiri in "G annkirman: used throughout history. Our project question. it seems best at this time to details as edge marks from filing or A Sasanian and early Islamic mint in initiation medal (photo) was hammer· continue with the present format. hammering. surfaces for casting Kirrnan Province ~ NC Vol. 145. struck from hand engraved dies. Although the storage and preservation bubbles. tooled letters. suspicious 1985. pp. 109- 122 and plates 12·15 (a of issues, for those who want to save patina. size, and weight. Another good recent study of Kirman mints) them, may be somewhat of a problem, useful indicator may be the tiny stress and George C. Miles in "Some new the tabloid is a comfortable format marks from striking that are found light on the history of Kirman in the which has distinct advantages for the along letters and other vertical edges first century of the Hijrah ~ Th~ advertiser, publisher and reader. It is in the coin design. The cast copy will World of Isfam, Studies in honor of an economical format, both from the not, when examined with a glass. bear Philip K. Hitti. London and New standpoint of printing and of layout. sharp distinct stress marks. Modem York 1960, pp. 85·98 are all in It is also a forgiving format, which die-struck copies may bear these stress a~reement as to the reading of this lends itself well to the philosophy of marks. but the overly flat fields nunt, as are most other scholars for The Celator as a "popular" publication found on some of these copies often the past 35 years. All my present rather than a scholarly journal. We betray the counterfeiter's work. ongoing research on Kirman province will, however, be offering a "Best of Generally speaking. if a coin seems a mint finds no reason to change this The Celator" annual in signature litde "off' for some reason, it is not mint reading to Shiraz and I would be most interested in hearing Steve format (magazine like). These worth taking the risk:. That does not Indeed all of our medals will be Alb.um'~ reasoning behind this strange annuals will be produced on a more necessarily mean it is a counterfeit, struck. by this ancient method until durable paper and lend themselves to but why take the chance? We hope to attnbubon. I am looking forward to reading many more excellent articles the replica screw presses and storage and binding. They will offer an in· depth treatment on hydraulic-powered rolling mills are of this caliber by Steve in future issues of TM Cefator. operational - hopefully by 1992. (The restoration of the mint will thus Deadline for the October issue is William B. Warden, Jr. parallel the his tory of coin production). The Philip II Center N~w Hope, PA Friday, September 9 will preserve and promote the numismatic art of antiquity. and •• ••• display the 'entire process in a living, Thanks for keeping your readers up functional museum. We will be to date on the Progress of PROJECT certain to keep the readers of your fine SEGOVIA '92. While your statement publication informed of progress of that the actual mint building that we this special international event com· Postmaster: send address changes to: are restoring (the hydraulic powered memorating the 500th anniversary of P.O. Box 123, Lodi, WI 53555 min' on the Eresma River established the Spanish discovery of America. Ph ( by Philip II in 1582) does not date to Gfenn S. Murray one 608) 592-4684 ancient times is correct • the history Segovia, Spain The Celator is an independent. newspaper published on the first day of each of minting in Segovia does indeed. The ••••• month. a1 10905 Hwy V, ladl, WI.. It is circulated internationally through first coin clearly amibuted to Segovia I have two suggestions that you Subscflp1lOns an~ ~ecial d~stributions . Subscription ratas are $15 per year (~econd class) ~ilhln the United States; $18 per year to Canada and overseas is the bronze "as", with the warrior might consider for future issues. via surlace mall; $35 per year outside North America (Air Printed Matter). on horseback holding a lance - above 1. An occasional article (or better Advertising and copy deadline is the second Friday of each month the name of the city "SECOVIA ~. yet, a monthly column) on counter· Unsolicited articles and news releases are welcome but cannot be returned: This coin dates from around the end of feits and counterfeiting. This would Second class postage, permit pending, locli, WI 53555. Copyright e 1988 the first century AD, the same include photographs of coins currently Clio's Cabinet ' glorious Roman period which the on the market lik.e the coin of Wayne G, Sayles " ", ...... PublisherlEdltor city's famous aquaduct was erected. Lysimachos pictured in the August Janet Sayles ... , •• , ...... ArtlDislributlon Other sporadic issues prior to Henry issue as well as helpful hints on Kris Crary ••••••••••••••••• , CopylLayout IV (when the aquaduct ·mintmark detection (e.g. how did the experts , Karen VooHzke ...... •. Photo/Graphics r"" appeared) are tenta'ively .uri· mentioned in Mr. Scyphers' letter Please turn . to page XXIII· c,..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4" ••.•. , _-••-'- ••••-.- ....,._', •• - ••_',-.-:. ••• _ •••••• ~~~~~~~,,~~~~~- ••_._., ••• _ ••• _ •.•• , ••• , ...... _ ...... _b~~ l? .S~~~i~...... • .~ ..... _.. T._ .. __ .· ...... ". I" ~ The Celator September 1988 III ANCIENT COINS AT CHRISTIE'S

As ofRomc, c. 240-225 BC (C R36/ I) Sold for $1 ,980 at Christie's. N ew Yo rk , June 8th, 1988

As of an Uncertain Etrurian Mint, c. 240-225 BC (T and V. 115), Sold foc 53,080 at Christie's, New York, June 8th, 1988

Upcoming Sales Featuring Fine Ancient Coins "Ancient, Foreign and United States Coins with Medals & Bank Notes" September 20th, New York City Inquiries: James Lamb, 502 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022 212/546-1056 *Selected lots will be on exhibition at the New York Numismatic Convention, September 8-IOth "English, Foreign and Ancient Coins" October 3rd and 4th, London Inquiries: Richard Bishop, 8 King Street, St. James's, London SWIY 6QT, ENGLAND (011)441-839-9060 Consignments of Fine Ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine coins are now being accepted for our December 6th sale in New York.

CHRISTIES NEW YORK

, ',," ~ . , .', '\. . .. " . '. -. -.- .. - ...... -...... -- .. -.~ .- - - - ~ 1111 TlWCelaltJr ' \0 ' 'Seplemller1981r(

struck. According to the information The Roman Coins of published collections. Mr. Christian· which, along with detailed listings of sen did not research auction catalogues unpublished coins, would have known about the Aleundrian mint, Alexandria, by Eric Cbristian­ this amount is impossible. This son, Aarhus Un iversity Press, and except for the John Aiello increased the usefulness of the Collection. did not include private publication and made the book a number would lead one to the Aarbus. Denmark, 1988. conclusion that at the very least 33 Volume I: 311 pp.; Volume II: collections. standard reference. The book includes a section Mr. Christiansen also neglected a die minters would be needed (or 179 pp. Available from A. G. conversely less than 1,000 coins only van der Dussen b. v., describing the principal 41 published few aspects of interest, in particular. could be stru~k per reverse die). I find Hondstraat 5, 6211 HW and unpublished public Alexandrian a study of the breaks in the obverse it disturbing that a person who is Maastricbt, Nederland. Price: collections. The book also has an inscriptions as well as a listing of extensive bibliography pertaining to wreath ties. which would have been estimating a mint's output would not 6S Dutch Guilders (postage discuss in detail the number of exta). the survey. useful. In addition, Mr. Christiansen The die links on the coinage of neglected die linking of the obverse officinae in the areas in which he dealt. Eric Christiansen is Senior Lecturer Septimius Severus are carefully busts of Nero's coinage, which he himself admits would have solved a Although the book has a few at the Department of History, documented in volume II. Photos of faults. I highly recommend the book. some of the die links that Mr. number of technical problems. University of Aarhus. Denmark. He is to all Alexandrian coin collectoll. I the Christiansen found are also included. As a final criticism. Mr. better known as ORe of co-authors hope Mr. Christiansen will be able to of SNG Copenhagen - Part 41: Mr. Christiansen also proposes Christiansen should have used a secondary check for his mintage extend his surveys to cover the rest of Alexandria - Cyrenaica, which was that the Alexandrian bronze coinage the Alexandrian coinage. published in 1974. was patterned on a Roman silver figures. In particular, Mr. Christian .. The book's main purpose is to standard; he suggests a bronze series sen suggests that in year 12 of Nero Submitted by Keith Emmett quantify and explain the Alexandrian of 1 drachma, hemi·drachma. 1·112 206.944,000 coins were possibly mint's output during the reigns of obol, 3/4 abo I and trichalkon Nero. Trajan and Septimius Severus. denominations. In this respect he By means of selected die studies. Mr. differs from the opinion of Milne Numismatic literature draws Christiansen estimates the total who classified the three lowest number of reverse dies for selected denominations as a diobol, obol and active bidding in Empire sale regnal years, and using a figure of dichalkon. 8,000 coins per reverse die, determines On the negative side, the detailed The latest postal and phone bid Calalogu~ of Greek Coins in the an approximate number of coins coin listings are too concise and auction of Numismatic Literature. Museum of Fine Arts. Boston, went struck. although they are an improvement in conducted by Empire Coins, Inc. of for $150. while a copy of the Mr. Christiansen personally visited accuracy over Vogt (0 i e Ormond Beach, Florida. closed on Rounberger Israel Collection: City 41 extant public collections of Aluandr;,,;schen Manun), they are August 19 with several items bring. Coins of Pal~stjne brought $310 Alexandrian coins and as a result nevertheless disappointing at times. ing strong bids. According to Dennis against a $250 estimate. compiled extensive listings of all the The Nome listings of Trajen are Kroh, president of the firm, 148 Bargains were also to be had as 75 known billon and bronze coins of almost useless to the collector. I bidders participated in the sale which of the 512 loIS were sold at less than Nero. Trajan and Septimius Severus. realize that the descriptions are . generated total proceeds of $20,736. $10 each. On the other hand, many The detailed listings include many adequate for published coins but why Some noteworthy items included rare and desirable items brought top previously unpublished coins. In didn't Mr. Christiansen describe more GObI's two volume Antik~ Numis· prices. A copy of Jacob DeStrada's certain cases Mr. Christiansen corrects fully the unpublished coins? The matik which brought a bid of $165. A 1557 work (in Latin) on Imperial some of the errors in the major listings should have been numbered. 1974 Attic reprint of Brett's Roman Coins brought $175 against an $80 estimate. DeStrada was the numismatist in residence at the Court For Archaeologists and amateurs of the Gonzaga family in Mantua. Another antiquarian work publish­ ed in 1641 by the Plantin-Moretus Catalog of projectile points fills needs Press. with text by Ludovicus Non­ nius and engravings by Hubert The stone arrow and spearheads of describes over 120 separate types of includes distribution maps and color Goltzius, brought $465 against a $300 the American Indian are the most stone arrowheads and spear points plates which will further aid the estimate. The work, titled C. Ivli popular and well·known Stone Age according to period, culture, and researcher or collector in identifying Ca~saris. Avgvsti ~t Tiberi Nomis­ artifacts in America. Archaeologists region. Having trained himself to specific periods. cultures. or projectile mala, catalogs the collection of and amateur collectors alike will fashion projectile points in the ways points. This then is an important new Nicholas Roccox, mayor of Antwerp rejoice at an important new reference used by the Indians. he is able to tell reference work for the professional and one of a famed circle of 17th work, Stone Age Spear and Arrow us how the points were made, used, archaeologist as well as the amateur century numismatislS. This circle in· Points of the Midcontinental and and resharpened. His detailed collector. 302 pages, 104 maps, 54 cluded Roccox, Nonnius and Goltzius Eastern United States, which surveys, drawings show more clearly than ever figs. 8 color plates, append., bibl., along with Peter Paul Ru bens who describes and categorizes the before how the indians shaped their index. $37.50 plus $2.75 postage and designed the frontispiece for this large projectile points and cutting tools tools, what styles were peculiar to handling. Published by Indiana leatherbound work. used in prehistory by the Indians in which regions, and how the various University Press, 10th & Morton For information about future auc· the middle and eastern sections of the types can best be identified. There are SIS., Bloomington, IN 47405. tions of books and coins write to United States from 12,000 B.C. to the over 485 drawings organized by type Empire Coins, Suite 305. 801 W. beginning of the historic period. cluster and other identifying Granada Blvd., Ormond Beach, FL The author. Noel D. Justice. characteristics. The work also, 32074. Celator will Guide to Biblical Coins print Annual by David Hendin In response to a growing trend toward preserving articles and Hardcover, 224 pages, 16 pages plates, values, cleaning rojns, detecting features printed in The Celator. the international newspaper for collectors forgeries. much mora. Personally autographed $35.00 BOSTON... of ancient coins and antiquities will release on December I, the first of a "Fascinating and informative._ "--N.Y. Times "Should be a part or your library." Foreign and Ancient Coin series of annual publications. In -·Biblical Archaeology Review Mecca ofThe Northeast! addition to reprinting the "best "lndispensable... Belongs on every serious articles and features" from the collector's bookshelf." -·The Cefator .J BAY STATE COIN SHOW previous year, the annual will also November 18, 19. 20 _ 1988 offer such useful sections as a coming- March 17, 18. 19 _ 1989 year calendar of events and a "year·in· "We wrote the book on Biblical coinsl" November 17, 18, 19 _ 1989 review" look at the coin and ASK FOR our free illustrated catalog of Jewish, Biblical, "57" PARK PLAZA HOTEL antiquities markets. Greek, Roman coins, weights and small antiquities. Room reserv.tJons: 617.482.1800 The annual will be printed on Over 23 years... premium quality offset paper and "New Engiand'sLargest Coin Show!!!" layed out in a signature (magazine· like) format with saddle stitching. ~ P.O . Dox 805 Chairman: Ed Aleo To order The Celator Annual send ;-J= IS'''/ Nyack. NY 10960 Box 400, Winchester. MA 01890 $5.95 (U.S. & Canada, Overseas send , 914-J5(l.7364 "'IO;;...... ,,6~1~7~-~72;;9:;;-:o9~67~7:..iiii~ ~ $9.95) to The Celator, P.O. Box 123, -_. "'...... Lo4i.-Wl.A3.5.s5 .... _ l..c 4 _ JJ'~J\I_. The Celator "'September'1988'" v

tNumismatic'PiILeCJ1rtsqntemational, qnc.

announces 1988 Mail Bid Sale

Lol 114 Sicily_ Syl'3cuse AV Drachm LOl 730 c. 344-317 B.C. Augustus. 27 B.C.-A.D. 14 ESli malc: $4500 Silver Denarius Estimate: $3500

999 Lot 38 1 un Gordian III. A.D. 238-244 Seleucid Kingdom, Seleucu.~ I, 312-280 B.C. Gold Aureus AR TClradrachm Lot 1097 Estimate: S4500 Estimate: $6500 COnlOm;Ple Medallion laIC 4th-early 5t h century Estimate: $3500

f eaturing the coins of Dr. George Brauer long-time collector, author, and numismatic scholar

Sale closes October 12.

Catalogue now available Over 1000 lots of Greek, Roman & Byzantine coins are featured in our annual mail bid sale. All the lots are available for viewing in our Century City offices, Monday through Friday, 9:30-5:30. We will also be exhibiting the coins atthe Greater New York Coin Show, September 8-10. Use coupon below and write for your free copy today. Submit your bids early!

CE D Please send me the Mail Bid Sale CataJogue. Please send coupon with order to: o Please send me all publications for one year including the coming Mail Bid SaJe Catalogue. Enclosed is check or money order for $30.00. NUMISMATIC FINE ARTS INTERNATIONAL, INC. NAME ______10100 Santa Monica Blvd. 6th Floor ADDRESS Los Angeles, CA 90067 CITY ______Telephone: (213) 282-7535 STATE Zip My collecting interests are: ______.·The CelaIOl' ...c, September 1988

Coins as investment ~'0r4~~: ~->',P Tanaka holds class at Portland college ~~ Ken Tanaka, numismatist. from 1988. Guidelines for portfolio and collec­ ->,gr~ Portland, Oregon will be conducting a The class wiD introduce students tion assembly will also be discussed. course titled "Coin Collecting: a to the general areas of interest in the survey of world coins and currency" at numismatic markets. and offer an In addition to U.S. Coinage, Tanaka .!&t~ the Portland Community College historical analysis of rare coins and will also discuss World coins from September 29 to October 6, currency as an investment vehicle. including ancient Greek., Roman and Byzantine as well as Medieval coins. ""'",.".. """'~;4- Tuition is $14. Interested parties may ..9Z~ write to Tanaka at 7440 S.W. Oleson Road, Portland, OR 91223 or call Spengler takes top exhibit (503) 244-6433. Pantheon honors at ANA convention Museum gets William F. Spengler, of Madison, in Vedic literature indicate that these new dealer Wisconsin, received the Howland early forms of coinage developed in Kushan gold Wood memorial award for Best-in­ India between 1,500 and 800 B.C. Show Exhibit at this year's American from Burns in ancients Numismatic Association annual con­ Michael and Jill Goodrich-Stuart vention in Cincinnati. Spengler's The Celator The Bernese Historical Museum, in of Royal Oak, Michigan have exhibit was titled "The Satamana Bern, Switzerland, has announced the announced the opening of Pantheon, a System, South Asia's Oldest Coinage." wants news receipt of an important donation of dealership specializing in ancient 664 Kushan coins by Dr. Craig Bums. Greek and Roman corns. Initially, the Spengler, a recognized authority on company will conduct "buy or bid" asian coinage of antiquity, also took. about clubs The collection consists primarily format mail order sales of moderately home the Edward Newell Memorial of gold coins which cover the first The Celator welcomes news about priced coins. The company plans to Award for coins issued prior to 1500 four centuries A.D .• struck by over 20 people and events in the field of issue list number one in October. A.D. Kushan rulers. With the addition of ancient numismatics, art and history. For a free copy of Pantheon's list these coins to the museum's already The Satamana system used round We publish, for example, lhe names write to P.O. Box 730051, Royal impressive holdings of asiatic coinage, ingots of a predetermined weight and of studefllS who have earned the Bernese Historical Museum must Oak, MI 48073-005 1 or call (313) value; the word satamana literally recognItIOn in the field of 583-3268. be considered a primary source for meaning a hundred units. References numismatics as well as new staff serious scholarship in this field. additions or changes at museums, societies and numismatic firms. We A special exhibition of "Coins of also publish details of important the K.ushans" will be on display at the shows and sales - either past or museum through October 2, 1988 Miinzen und Medaillen AG forlhcoming. with hours of operation from lOam to 5 pm Tuesday through Sunday. For 45 years Vagi writes supplement on we have been serving Roman Coins for Coin World collectors of Ancient Coins ... David L. Vagi, has added two were very common in the Roman additional credits this monlh to his world and lhal the typical Roman and we would like growing list of journalistic accom­ Senator earned a minimum of 1 plishments. In addition to million sestertii per year. That, contributing a lead story for Th~ according to Vagi, translates to to serve you too! Ctlalor, the young author and 250,000 sHver coins or 10,000 gold numismatist wrote the August World coins. Coins supplement to Coin World. Titled "The Grandeur that was Vagi is a journalism major at the Rome", Vagi's World Coins article University of Missouri at Columbia provides an overview of Roman and will be participating in a student coinage and explains its evolution, exchange program at Manchester, historical imporlance and technical England during the coming school composition. He points out that coins year.

·Monthly Illustrated Fixed Price Lists· When you have to make • Public Sales· Appraisals· every Shekel count. .... • Large Stock in All Price Ranges • Be sure you're getting • Buying and Selling· the best value possible from the dealers that Please sent{ us yoitl{iYant lis/We will flilit! seNe you Please contact: Miinzen und Medaillen AG Shop the pages of P. O. Box 3647· Malzgasse 25 CH - 4002, Basel, Switzerland Tel. (061) 23 75 44 The Ce/ator " A

Antiquities popular • Ancient glass is strong In Harmer Rooke sale A wide array of ancient glass was A Phoenician Sand-Core Juglet. c. A Holyland Ewer, from the 4th featured in Harmer Rooke Galleries. 400 B.C., 2 inches high, with black century A.D .• 8 inches high; a green New York City, "Auction XXX" background and reddish diamond­ glass vessel with concave base, round Minimum Bid Mail Sale (Closing shaped band about the middle, once body, slender neck and trumpeting date July 28). Some notable examples broken and now glued back together, rim, with applied handle, applied of items sold were: sold for $362.50; spout and threading design, sold for A 5 1/4 inch Ancient Egyptian $522.50; Ushabti of Khaemopet, 19th-20th dynasty. (c. 1320-1085 B.C.), with the Hieroglyphic translation, "The Shedji, the Osiris Khaemopet," in white faience with brown details. brought $1,100. A 5 7/8" high green glass Amphora from the Holyland - (Roman, c. 100- 300 A.D.); a slender, graceful bottle with trumpeting rim and wide neck, with light irridescence, drew a Roman winning bid of $275; Amphoriskos A rare blue colored early Roman ca. 100 A.D. glass Amphoriskos (spindled jar) Phoenidan bearing an applique of white glass, 4 Information on future Harmer inches high, ca. 100 A.D., from the Sand-core juglet Rooke Galleries auctions may be ob­ Holy/and Ewer 4th cent. A. D. Holyland or Phoenicia, changed hands ca. 400 B.C. tained by contacting the firm at 3 East at $522.50; 57th St., New York, NY 10022.

First Tokyo Sale Spink auctions ancients in Japan

Spink and Son Ltd., London silver and gold." 361 A.D.) at Antioch, led pre-auction together with Taisei Stamps and Coins A very strong run of Persian, estimates with a 3,750.000 Yen conducted its first Tokyo coin auction Sasanian and Kushan gold pieces was valuation. Greek gold included eight on July 3, 1988. The 844 lot auction matched by an equally broad selection electrum hekte pieces from Mytilene of ancient to modem coins included of 23 Roman imperial gold coins. An and Phohia with estimates from 134 lots of high quality Greek, . impressive gold medallion of 4.5 100.000 to 135,000 Yen each. The Roman and related issues, mostly in solidi, struck by Constantius 11 (337- Yen is valued at approximately 125 to the U.S. dollar. Gold Medallion Constantius II Chinese Terracotta Warriors Information about future Spink Spink·Taisei Auction auctions may be obtained by writing to Mr. John Peu. Spink and Son, featured in Seattle exhibition Ltd., 5 King St., St. James's, London SWI Y6QS. Great Britain. An exhibition of more than 200 is the earliest example of lost-wax treasures of Chinese imperial art is bronze casting yet fo.und in China. Helios offers currently on display at the Seattle The exhibition is pan of a project Center in Seattle, Washington. The to raise money for the handicapped in rare stone five month exhibition, titled "Son of China and was organized through the Heaven", opened on July 28 and efforts of Deng Pufang, the wheel­ includes such notable artifacts as life chair-bound son of the Chinese leader bottle mould size terra-cotta warriors from the Deng Xiaoping. It represents a rare OLD NEWS! tomb of Qin, China's first emperor opportunity for Americans to view at The newest thing in ancient coins is Pantheon. Offering bid or buy The latest catalog released by (ca. 210 B.C.). Also on display is a first hand the cultural and religious Helios Antiquities features a variety lists of Greek, Roman and bronze altar table from the Eastern artifacts from 26 centuries of Chinese Byzantine coins. of items for both beginning and Zhou empire (ca. 552-548 B.C.) which imperialism. Call or write for a free list. advanced collectors. Along with numerous Greek, Roman, Egyptian and Mesopotamian items, Helios has PANTHEON announced a rare piece fo r those with P.O. Box 730051 Christie's sale includes small Roy_t o.k, Mt 48073 Byzantine interests. (313) 583-3268 Termed by museum officials as but select group of ancients extraordinary, this stone bottle mould contains four impressed faces A small but interesting group of Constantius II, all graded about mint (saints. royalty?) of exceptional ancient coins in gold and silver will state and with luster and all detail which flank two crosses. The be offered in Christie's Fall Numis­ estimated to bring over $1,000 each. piece itself is large, the faces and matic Sale to be held September 20 at crosses each measuring 2" - 2 1/2". their New York Gallery, 502 Park Persons interested in receiving Stylistically, the piece is early, dating Avenue, with sessions at 10 a.m. and catalogs of future Christie's Auctions ca. 4th - 5th century A.D. and is 2 p.m. may write to the firm at: Christie's, probably of North African pro­ Included is a particularly rare 502 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. venance. Stater of Segesta, Sicily showing a 10022 or by phoning (212) 546-I()()(). gaUoping quadriga on the obverse and A free list may be obtained by a huntsman on the reverse. There is the Inex~ ens ive Way writing to Helios. P.O. Box 25, also an extremely fine Stater of Say you saw It In Wes~minster, MD 21157 or, by Lysimachus, Aureii of Claudius and 10 Shop phonmg (301) 876-7140 or (301) 235- Nero, and three extraordinarily well- 7he -4696!1_""'"",,1ol~~"' • ., ...... - ...... 7teS~d .., 5(jHdi1 .. oJ"'-'COh"Stab'S .... and " VI'I ".'Tha Gelator .· September 1988 Uses Speculative Glass disks provide opportunities for research

by David Liebert Roman period, it is not possible to be sure whether a particular glass stamp· Although glass disks. stamped ed disk. was actually a weight since with designs and or inscriptions, were there seems to be no consistent weight used for other pwposes in antiquity - standard among the known specimens. such as tokens, amulets and counters, However, the preference for depiction the evidence also indicates that many of animals and dieties on contempor· were used as weights. These weights ary coin reverses would seem to lend seem first to appear in the Roman some credence to the theory despite period. although glass had been in use this. In fact some of these disk.s fae earlier for other purposes. appear to have been stamped with The custom of using glass probably close duplicates of actual coin dies. came about because a glass weight Unfortunately, it is not certain that could not be shaved or otherwise Byzantine glass weight with these particular specimens are actually tampered with once formed. Also, ancient. Forgeries of these glass disks be cross and monogram, such weights could easily manu­ are known to exist, particularly Roman glass stamped disk with factured and stamped with lile appro­ Lon. priate symbols in a process similar to where the theme is highly desirable that used for the common lead such as disks bearing the Menorah or weights which appear from the Greek other Jewish symbols. Of course period onward. It is difficult to say ancient examples of the type are also whether the glass weights were an welt documented. In the case of the manufacturer in much the same way outgrowth of the lead or an inde· disks bearing coin impressions, the that contemporary medieval coins pendent development. In this regard, evidence is not as certain since few will mention the ruler and the however, i"t should be noticed that specimens are known and those were moneyer as well. In general, Islamic both types of weights are found mostly published in the last century. glass weights seem to conform to the mostly in the eastern Mediterranean Cenainly. in the ensuing Byzantine monetary standard and many are also area and particularly in Egypt where period, we have definitive evidence of dated, providing an additional boon to many of the known specimens of glass similar glass disks being used as numismatists since they can be weights seem to have originated. weights which conform to the correlated with contemporary coins. Some scholars have speculated that monetary standard of the day and Some weights bear designs such as a Ptolemaic glass scarabs found in some even bear the names or six pointed star which also appeared Egypt, which seem to match the Daric . monograms of known eparchs. on coins much as the earlier Roman standard fairly well, measuring about There is no question. however, that examples did. 60 to 780 grams or roughly 112 to 6 these weights reached their greatest Although these weights are not as darics. may have in fact been weights. development in the early Islamic conunonly offered as they once were. Islamic glass fe/s weight Since stone and metal weights in the. world. From the Omayyad to the they make a fine addition to any col­ shape of animals were quite popular in lection of related coins and are of the fatamid period, Fatimid period, glass stamped weights Egypt, and the Near·East in general. usually bear inscriptions mentioning a eminently collectable in their own from quite early times, this is by no local official and sometimes also the right. means a farfetched theory. Even in the

The the Time Machine Company is always eager to aid beginning collectors with moderately Advertisers You priced coins and antiquities. Call David Liebert direct K to discuss your interests and needs. .See in The Celator..•

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w. have been fortunate in acquiring a small group 01 Ie .. than 20 superb Egyptian PredynasUc flint .Implements, 2 - 3 ", SOITlfl of rare form. They ar. from an old coll4tcUon If this calibre of numismatic art excites you - and are ..Id to have been found In the Falyum, whara many of the finest flints ara known to originate. it is only one of hundreds of beautiful treasures from the past residing W. offer them at the special ..I. price of $4~ while th.y last. for the moment in our trays. We have many mof8 intef8sting antiquities and ancient coins in stock. H you Write for a complimentary are not on our mailing fist, you 8f8 missing some of the best buys in ancient art. Send for your fr98 catalogue today. For mote information contact: copy of our catalogue.

Time Machine Co. PRo PavL RyneaRson P. O. Box 282, Flushing Station, Queens, NY 11367 P. O. Box 4009 (718) 544-2708 MALIBU, CA 90265 n_,:. ... M... I'nlNrelil • Iof' "" 'IIlili

June. 1865, and contained the following important coins: Dust Lot 95. Tiberius. I AE; minted at Turiaso - £5 17s. 6d. Lot 120. of the Vitellium, 1 AE; rev. Vilellius, sen. as "Censor Magister Marum" . £4. Bank Leu Ltd Zurich Ages Lot 131. Nerva, I AE; rev. Vehiculatione, &c. Hadrian, 1 AE; of the rev. Exerc, Dacicus. A gem - £ to. Lot Numismatics 135. Marciana, 1 AE; rev. carpentum drawn by two elephants · £15. Lot Vol. v, 1865 137. Hadrian, 1 AE; rev. Ex. s. c.; Find of Coins • In the course decastyle temple between two of the present autumn some workmen columns. Unpublished . £8 2s. 6d. employed on the new line of railway Lot 143. Sabina, 1 AE; rev. Ceres from Doncaster to Thome, discovered, seated. Extra fine· £6 lOs. Lot 164. in the course of their excavations, in Caracalla, 1 AE; rev. the circus in the land purchased from Sir Wm. Cooke, Via Appia - £12 12s. Lot 169. Geta, 1 Bart.. at Bentley logs, a mile and a AE; rev. Fortune· £7. Lot 202. AE quarter from Doncaster, an urn 9·1 /2, Constantinopolis; rev. containing a number of Roman coins. Restitutor Peip • £11. Lot 215. The urn was broken, and the coins. Antony; rev. Augustus, N . £5 5s. which I believe were all denarii, Lot 223. Antonia, N; rev. two dispersed among various tradesmen torches. Fine and rare· £13 13s. Lot and others at and near Doncaster. 242. Lucius Aelius, N; rev. Concord On a recent visit to that town I had seated - £10 lOs. Lot 300. Galerius the opportunity of examining some of Antoninus, 2 AE; rev. bust of the coins, since which time Mr. W. Faustina, sen. • £6 6s. Lot 312. Sheardown, of Hall Cross Hill, has Aquilia Severa. 2 AE; rev. Concord . furnished me with the particulars £7. given above, and a list of some of the coins which he has examined. They are as follows: M. Anthony (legionary), Augustus, Nero, Galba, Every year we have an auction of very important ancient coins Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, in spring. Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Sabina, We issue occasional lists. Antoninus Pius, Faustina I. and II ., Our stock ranges from Hemitartemoria to Dekadrachmai, and Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Verus, and from Quadrantes to Multiple Aureus Medallions. Lucilla. Some of the later coins are in We actively buy and sell at al/ price levels. fine condition, but I did not notice any rare reverses among them. Sale of Coins· The valuable collecton of Greek and Roman coins. formed by a nobleman, was dispersed by Messrs. Sotheby on the 27th of Bank Leu Ltd In Gassen 20 CH-8001 Zurich Switzerland Telephone (from the US) 011 411 21924 06 Telex 814616 Pleuse.. .. We Want To Ch~k:: ' ~~;;:::~;ili~g " ~bel: Know About YOU! ,If' the address IS not correct, send us a correction notice Write to: immediately. When the postal The Celator :::'service sends us your address P.O. Box 123 ", change they rip the corner ' "off your Celato" send it to us Lodi, WI 53555 '-with a change notice" and with your news and views throw the re!?t .of the paper away. Adding insult to injury, we ha.ve to pay them (postage this COINS service. MINT STATE? Michigan has no mint. But ~ does Also)check renewal date " have Pantheon. Offering inter­ c on your label. If that date

Presently buying . Send Today • Ancients • Byzantine For • Medieval Free Illustrated List

Castle Coins & Currency 7440 S. W. Oleson Road Portland, Oregon 97223 TOM CEDERLIND (503) 244-6433 P. O. Box 1963·C

M e rnb ~ r. ANA an':! SA~ . Portland, OR • 97207_ x .- ,-,The ,Celato.r, _ September .1988

Mules Continued from page I modified were the soldiers or the standards. Rather than removing one soldier, or their shields or spears Yo BASHUS, TOSS He. from the design, the most logical YOUR REVE.RSE. Dig ... solution was to remove one of the W standards. This way, every basic IL l '---"- -r ._. I'M GON"'" DRIVE concept and appearance of the design SOMe. ARCHiOOL06lg,S remained intact and it was possible to ,\f I NUT'3/ fit all of the devices on the smaller nan. The design elements on the two city commemoratives were not ch:mged during the reform and a loss of detail and style quality is noticeable. But, since the designs were already highly stylized and little CQuld have been changed, this was not of great concern and did not jeapordize their die production. The only link in this puzzle which was not remedied was the obverse design of the soldiers-reverse follis, which featured the portrait of the issuer and an inscription. Quite unlike some earlier periods of Roman hi story, the Constantinian Era required constant attention to portrait detail by the celators. Why were they struck? would have been limited to one or only lasted until adjusunenlS had been The adapting celators must have Were the mules struck with two oifficinae in less than all four made and production was on a faced much (fial and error and low die premeditation? Too few exist to mints. balanced schedule. production - especially so with the assume that they could have purposely Additionally, the intended politi­ With this fact in mind, the mules' portrait dies. Thus, the mules' die been struck as a regular part of cal symbolism of the regular issues is occurrence is easily explained. or the combinations can be attributed to Constantinian Era coinage. By the diffused with th ese unlikely six dies which were used in producing inadequate portrait die production same token too many exist for them combinations. Thus, one logical the soldiers-reverse and city­ during the short period following the to be dismissed as simple errors RIC explanation is that they were made commemorative folies, the only ones reform of A.D. 33516. cites more than 15 different in tentionally as an emergency which were not adequately adapted for Foiles were being issued in the mintmarks for the commemorativel measure. the reform were the portrait dies for names of five different male rulers. soldiers-reverse mules, as they were Since the mules are dated from 336 the soldiers-reverse folies. Thus, if Since, ideally. the issuer of each coin issued at several different officinae in to 337 only - not before and not after the production of dies was going to must be identifiable by portrait alone each of the four mints. Had sloppiness - they were struck during the initial break down, they would most likely (thus a distinguished and recognizable been the cause, the mules most likely phase of the reform and, presumably, be the cause. Please turn to page XVI

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Thomas P. McKenna's latest buy or Numismatic Notes and Monographs. bid book sale, which closes September including a copy of NNM #1, 26, includes a number of standard Newell's Coin Hoards. is offered. references as well as an assortment of odd volumes for the collector of All books listed are priced at ancient coins .. approximate retail and may be bought One of the highlights of this sale for the estimate. or bids may be includes C.H.V. Sutherland's personal submitted. A reserve of 70% of set of the BMC Roman Empire series. estimate is applied to all lots. The set was given to Sutherland by To obtain a copy of Auction 88· V, the staff at the Ashmolean Museum write to Thomas P. McKenna, P.O. upon his retirement. Other major Box 1356. Flo Collins, CO 80522. reference works included are Thompson's New Style Silver Coinage Subscribe to the only full service newspaper of Athens; the Jameson and Weber reprints; and The Gufbenkian specializing in ancient coins and antiquities: Col/ulion. A wide selection of American Numismatic Society ••• • •••••• Clip & Mail • •••••••• HOARDS ... • Please include me as a subscriber 10 The Gelator: • ... Of ancient coin mavens are • Name_ • • asking for our free lists of Greek, You don't want to Roman and Byzantine coins. • Address: • Join the throng. • City: Stale: _ Zip: • miss even one Call or write todayl issue of PANTHEON : Enclose $15,00 for 12 issues ($20 ea.-; $40 E"",po; $48 """"'ao.) : The Celator P.o. Box 730051 • Mail To : The Celato r, P.O. Box 123. Lodl. WI 535S5 • Roya' 0Ik, MI 48073 Subscribe today! (313) 583-3268 ...... _--

21. -. Euboia, Cbalkis. 340·294. Drachm Hd Nymph / Eagle witb snake in talons. S.2483v. VF-XF Btoull!ul loning, A gem! $395. 1lt gast Qto tus 22. ASIA MINOR. Ponlos, Amisos. 400-350 BC Drachm Head of p,O, Box 4207 Tyche / Owl facing with open wings. S.3633v AVF $ 130. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 23. •. Aiolis, Myrina. 2nd C. BC. Telradrachm. Head Apollo (313) 434-3856 Grynion / Apollo Grynion stg with palm. S.4216 AXF $745. TERMS OF SALE: 24. SYRIA. Demetrois II, 145-140 BC. Didtachm. Diad Head / Eagle. All ~ins guaranteed genuine for life . paJ.m. S.7106 Tyre mint. Fint, somewhat o:ridized. Scarce $ 11 0 .... 1-- Please add $3.00 postage onto order 25 . -. Antiochos VIll. 121·96 BC. Tel.fadrac:bm. Diad Bust/Zeus stg. Phone orders encouraged (313) 434 3856 S.7143 VF-XF, minor spot of roughness on ob'l. $210. 26. -. Philip. 93-83 BC. Tetradrachm. Diad Bust / Zeus_ AVF.scr $99. 27. PHOENICIA, Sidon. 4th C. BC. Tetrasbekel. War-Galley, waves A below / Horse-Cart, King walking behind. S.5934 F+ IFine $345 . GOLD 28. -. T)'re. Year 82 (45/4 BC). Shekel. Head Me1qarth / Eagle aD 1 . Romaa. Valentinian I, 364-375. AV Solidus. Diad Bust / Emp prow. VF -30 pieces of Silver- of Biblical fa~ $295. stg. with Labarum, Crowned by victory S.3988 Antioch VF $375 . 29. AFRICA. El)'pt. Ptolemy III. 246·221 BC. AE 34 Head of Zeus 2. •. Valens. 364·378. AV Solidus. Diad Bust / Emp stg.with Amon / Eagle on prow. F-VF Popular large brollle! $70. Labarum, Crowned by victory on globe S.4004 Antioch V F $400. 30. •. Zeueitania. Siculo·Punie. 325-300 BC. Tetradrachm Head 3. -. Tbeodosius II. 402-450. AV Solidus. Helm & CUil. Bust with of Herakles / Horse Head. S.6436 VF-XF, mount removed $400. spear & Shield/Victory seated. S.4190 ConsL AXF, scr. $375. 4. Byzantine. Pbocas, 602-10. AV Solidus. Crowned & Mantled ROMAN REPUBLIC and IMPERATORIAL ISSUES Bust, Holding Orb/ Victory sig with Staff. S.618 VF $270. 31. AES Rude. 5th-3rd C BC. Earliest bronze coin of Rome broken 5 . •. Basil II. 976·1025 . AV Histamenon Nomisma. Bust Christ / from large casting. This example shows casting edge. Rart $110. Basil & Constantine VD with Cross S.1800 (£750) XF $720. 32. Aemilia. lO L. Aemilius Lepidus Paullus. ca 62 BC Denarius 6. -. RomBbus III, 1028·34. AV Histamenon Nomisma. Christ Hd Concord / Perseus & cbildteo. AXF Conquest Macedon $ 150. enthroned / Virgin crowing Romanus S.1819. VF·XF $315. 33. Pompey, the Great. Denarius (42-40 BC) Head Pompey / 7. • .. RomaDus IV. 1068-71.AV Stamenon Nomisma S1859 Christ cr. Anapias. Amphmomus & their Father RSC.17 Fint, Rare $275. Romanus & Eudocia / Micbael, Canst &. Andronicus VF-XF $350. 34. Brutus Denarius Head Liberty / Brutus between 2 Lictors. Syd.906a VF grainy. Famous leading assassin J. Cauar $ 125. CLASSICAL GREEK 35. Julius Caesar. Denarius Elephanl/Priestly implements. 8. Cellie Gaul. Volcae Tectosages, 2nd C. BC. Drachm (degenerate RSC.49 MinI, obY slightly of/cttUtr $225. copy of Rhodian coin) Hd. Helios /Cross S.83 VF, Crudt $105. 36. Oclaviaa & Julius Caesar. AE AS Head Octavian / Head 9. ITALY. Campania, Neapolis. 340-241 BC. Didrachm. Hd Julius Caesar. Syd.1335 (R3) F· VF. adjuslment marls $100. Nymph /Man Headed Bull. S.307v F-VF, rty sl. off-cenler $ 120. 10 . -. Calabria, Taras. 272-235 BC. Didrachm. Taras on DOlphin. ROMAN IMPERIAL Nymph bd behind / Horseman with 3 Spears VI.879 VF·XF $285. 37. Aueustus, 27 BC - 14 AD. Denarius Laur Hd / Caius &. Lucius II . SICILY, Leontinoi. 466-425 BC. Tetradrachm L. Hd. Apollo / caesars. RSC.43c AVF Quilt nice! $195. Snarling Lion's head, com ears around. S.832 AVF Rart $375. 38 .•••.•. Another RSC.43 F·VF $95. 12_ '. Messana. 461-450 BC. Tetradrachm. Diga of Mules, Nike 39. Tiberius. 14-37 AD. Denarius Laur. Head/ Livia as Pax. above / Hare bounding. S.847 F·VF u. Himera Hoard $245. RSC.1 6a AVF Nictt "Tributt PtMY· of Bible fa~ $250. 13. '. Kamarina. 413-405 BC AE Trias. Helmeted Head of Athena / 40. Calieula. 37·41 AD Quadrans. Libeny Cap/Legend. S.5I7V F $70. Owl with Lizard in talons SI063 VFlAXF $85. 41. Claudius & Nero. Drachm of Cappadocia Laur Head Nero / 14_ Syracuse. 440-425 BC AE trias Head ArethusaJCuUlefish Laur. Head Claudius. RIC.621 VF Rare! $500. S.1118 VF+ $80. 42. Nero, 54458 AD Denarius L. Head/Leg Eagle. RSC.356 Fine $150. 15. GREECE, Mac,edon. Alexander III, 336-323 BC . Tetradrachm 43. -.-. Denarius. Laue Head/Salus seated RSC.314 AVF $300. Head of Heraldes / Zeus enthroned. Babylon mint VF·XF $375. 44. Galba. 68·69 AD. Tetradracbm of Egypt. Laur. Head/Bust of 16_ •• -. Philip III, 323-317 BC. Drachm. Similar. CH VF+ $ l25. Alexandria. BMC.I99 Yr.2 AVF $100. 17 . -. Tbrace, Byzantion. 416-357 BC. Siglos Cowan Dolphin / 45, Otbo, 69 AD. Denarius Bare head / Pax stg. RSC.3 AVF $585. ~Mill·SaW pattern incuse. S.1579 VF, sl. of/centu obY. $145. 46. Vitellius. 68 AD Denarius Laur Head/Tripod RSC.lll F $195 . 18. •• BOelia, Thebes. 379·371 BC Stater. Boeotian Shield/ 47. Vespasian . 69·79 AD. Denarius. Laur Head / Victory Amphora. F-VF. ImportatU trath coin! $125 . decorating standard. RSC_618 Fint $50 . 19. •. AUiea, Atbeas. 449-413 BC TeU'll.drachm Helmeted head of 48. .... Denarius. L. Head / Capricorn. S.711 Fine+ $68. Athena / Owl, olive sprig. S.2.526 . · AXE, well cenltrtd! $750. 49. Titus. 79·81 AD Denarius. L. Head/Annona SId. RSC.17 F + $68. 20. '. Aleina. 510-490 BC. Stater Smooth Sbell Turue / -Mill-SaW SO. Domitian. 81-96 AD. Denarius. L. Head/Minerva. A. VF $56. pattern meuse. AVF, millOr banker's mark in field $375 . We publish frequent catalogs which are available on rtquest , . XII The Celator September 1988 CLASSICAL NUMISMATIC AUCTIONS, LTD. SEVERAL HIGHLIGHTS FROM CNA IV September 21, 1988 Mail Bid Sale

MYSIA, Pergamum. Eumenes II. IONIA, Teos. CORINTHIA, Corinth. EGYPT. Ptolemy III. 197-160 BC . Tctradrachm. 544-494 BC . Stater. 350-306 BC. Stater. 246-221 BC. AE 34mm. A Superb Hellenistic portrait. Trcmedous condition archaic coin. Beautiful quality and style. Part of a collection of At's.

PHOENICIA, Aradus. ROME. Augustus. ROME. Nero. ENGLAND. Charles I. Marcus Aurelius & Lucius Verus 27BC-14 AD. AV Aureus. 54-68 AD. AE Sestertius. 1643, Oxford Pound. A very faTC colonial issue. Nice quality gold Qne of three Nero Sestertii. Largest of the English silver coi

SALE IV SALE V September 21, 1988 December 9, 1988 Numismatic Mail Bid Sale Numismatic Public & Mail Bid Sale Our largest ule to date. This sale features important collections of: New York GREEK B'ROfl,'ZES ROMAN EGYPTIAN BYZANTINE GOLD LATE ROMAN BRONZES A COLLECTIOS OF ROMAN BRONZES This sale will take plat% during the most active NUMEROUS LARGE LOTS week in Ancient and Foreign Numismatics . ro.1CE SELECTION• This sale will take place on Friday , ., the day before the start of the GREEK, ROM~ BYZAro.-nNE NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL MEDIEVAL t,UROPEAN E"'GUSH A SALE OF BETTER QUALITY .nd Ihe LlbnfY of GREEK. ROMAN & Ol'ZAKTINE OWL, LTD. MEOIEVAL & ENGLISlL

Thil nle will include lomething for everyoDe. There CONSIGNMENT DEADUNE FOR mls SALE are lou estimated from $50 on up. IS OCTOBER 3. 1988 There are clOie to 1000 Lou in lhi. ule. IPYOU ARB A COLLECTOR AT ANY ENDOPTIm mlNKlNG OF SEIliNG MARKET - nus SALE IS FOR YOU. CONTACT US NOW!!

AI we onll' run a limited !lumber of catalogs As we only TUD • limited number of eat.alogl pleue write UJ now to fcurve your copy. please write UI 00.... to re.sene your copy.

CONSIGNMENT INFORMATJON Our rates are very competitive. Our settlements are prompt. CATALOGS SPECIAL TO CELATOR READERS Ca'a/ogs IV '" V $10.00 with prices realized CLASSICAL NUMISMATIC AUCTIONS, LTD. Victor England Box 245 Quarryville, PA 17566 (717) 786-4013 The Celator September 1988 XIII

Severus Continued from page bility of some of these coins being The failure of Niger to cut off Rome eliminated from consideration there some higher authority that the em­ pure counterfeits cannot be over­ from African grain supply is com· exists a good number of coins that peror didn't look like the old style looked. Gold coins were issued along memorated by a type showing grain read COS I and show enough open portrait. J:'roving either the general with the denarii in some instances but and crossed cornucopias. Current space to suggest there was never hypothesis or any of these last sub­ the total lack of experience with these events in 1988 add interest to the type another digit. These coins can also be points is highly unlikely today. Re­ issues on the part of this student will showing the moon and seven stars distinguished by a portrait style verse figures on the long head, COS I require they be left out of further pointing out the acceptability of the considerably more slender than the coins do not appear quite as SQuat as discussion in this paper. Emperor believing in the powers of normal for later Emesa issues. This on the round head issues. Based on too Most common of all Eastern coins astrology. Reverse figures tend to be of Severus are those bearing the abnormally short in proportion. Re­ obverse legend: IMP CAE L SEP SEV verse legends tend to be in the larger PERT AVO COS II. The mint which letters even on coins using the smaller produced these coins is most common­ letters on the obverse. ly attributed to Emesa, Syria. The Flans tend to be on the small side dating device COS II is in recognition resulting in coins with missing or of Severos' second consulship taken in crowded legend. Coins vary greatly in 194 A.D. and limits these coins to the diameter but are commonly found in period from 194 through the closing the 16-19mm range. This feature of the mint in 195 following the makes more difficult the identifica­ defeat of Niger and his followers. A tion of the much more rare issues of small percentage of coins are further 93 A.D.; the coins issued before the dated to 195 by reverse legends in­ assumption of the second consulship. eluding TRP III but most bear only Coins exist bearing this quite clearly Septimius Severus the obverse consulship dating. Por· the legend IMP CAE L SEP SEV AR - Denarius traits on these coins generally show a PERT AVG COS I. The fact that it rounded head with a long. full beard. was never Roman practice to number Slender Style Portrait

slender portrait is also found on a few examples to make any statement, small number of the COS II coins this student will note that the slender which leads to the hypothesis that the head coins in his experience weigh production of coins of this style began slightly less than the overall average in the last months of 193 but shortly for Emesa (2.8g compared to 3.3g for after the start of 194 (and the the later coins). The British Museum adoption of COS II) the mint changed Catalog average for this mint given is to a more rounded head portrait. The 3.12g. Products of this mint seem to occassion for this change could have vary quite a bit in weight but one been the visit of Septimius to the must be constantly aware of the Septimius Severus mint city but the same end would possibility of barbaric. minor branch. AR - Denarius have been accomplished by the arrival and counterfeit mints. Round Style Portrait of a portrait bust. the employment of a new diecutter. or simply word from Please turn to page XX II

BALDWIN & SONS LTD On many of the coins the eye is the first consulship (but rather to A,H. exaggerated and appears to protrude in express COS without a numeral) led an unnatural manner. Obverse letter· earlier scholars to dismiss these coins ing styles vary considerably from as errors, poor strikes. or some other small to bold but rarely are what one form of misreading for COS II issues. £sJablishd. 1872 would call neat or even. Styles of In fact there are coins reading COS I letters also vary even on the same which do fall into these categories. coin. A's appear with and without a Failure to plan ahead led to die NUMISMATISTS crossbar. Legends frequently suffer engravers running out of room for the omissions or misspellings. "R" is last letter of the legend on a number sometimes replaced by the Greek "P" of dies. This was handled in a number and the difference between "C" and of ways. Frequently one finds the two "G" is not always clear. numerals "1" extremely close together Types include what one would ex­ crowded into the space betwen COS pect from the Roman mint with the and the point of the bust. Another addition of unique Eastern varieties. approach was the cutting of the second Most common are the Fortuna and "I" on the other side of the point of Victory types appropriate to war and the bust resulting in a considerable the Moneta reminder of who was separation of the two numerals. This paying the soldiers. A variant of the variety combined with a small flan or standard Victory type proclaims poor centering would produce a coin VICTOR IVST AVG laying claim to that reads COS I but really came from the title of lustus or just emperor a COS II die. most commonly used by Pescennius. Even with these misread pieces GREEK ROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINS ISLAMIC COINS

WHOLESALE TO ALL! MEDIAEVAL AND MODERN COINS OF THE WORLD 100 ancient coins in flips and attributed. A diverse lot including Nero, Caesar Augustus, Alexander the Great, NillillSMATIC BOOKS AND Biblical "Widow's Mite", etc. Only $475.00 postpaid, with AUCTION CATALOGUES satisfaction guaranteed! £onJon Coin A.H. BALDWIN & SONS LTD. go1loies 11 ADELPHI TERRACE Mission Viejo Mall Mission Viejo, CA 92691 LONDON WC2N 6BJ, U.K. 1-5 at Crown Valley (714) 364-0990 Xliii The Celator September 1988

Readers opinion Some areas of ancient coinage better for pure collectors

by Dr. Arnold R. Saslow factors. What you like and what you opinion lend themselves to collecting Europe is common or low grade but 1 have been reading in most of the can afford. as I feel that they have very liule with plenty of variety to keep a numismatic trade papers, including Ancient coins happen to work very potential for investing. If you only collector happy for years. Except for The Celator, a lot of comments well in both categories. You can buy wish to collect ancients. then you rarities, don't expect to see much price lately, both positive and negative, as endless quantities of Late Roman should consider these areas, as you change over time. Specialized sub­ concerns tbe suitability of ancient bronzes for under $5 per coin or you will be very little disturbed by the collections such as British mints coins for investment purposes. can assemble a set of 12 Caesars in fluctuations in the worldwide ancient under Roman rule have similar ties to Some of what I read is sheer gold aureii, minimum eXb'emeiy fine coin market place, or what you read Alexandrian coinage (see comments nonsense, such as blaming an editor in condition. A further fact is that about the major auctions. above). As you get later into the for publishing auction results. ipso the ancient coin market is world· Byzantine bronzes: certainly Roman Empire. the coins tend to get rae.o, this will increase the price of wide. Much more so than for U.S .• one of the least attractive series of smaller in module. poorly struck, and ancients out of the reader's reach. British. or Canadian coins. People coins ever issued but full of rare very similar in appearance. Obviously, in the same vein. if one seem to forget that what happens in varieties or new types waiting to be Apparently an endless supply. reads about air pollution or drug the U.S. ancient coin market is not the discovered which can be read about in Greek minor silver coins: abuse. this will cause an increase in end-all or be·all for the worldwide Spink's Circular, and which is usually again a controversial area, as certain both. It sounds absurd, but to some market. incomprehensible to 98% of those issues are very keenly sought after. readers. apparently it doesn't. Now I happen to have my own interested in ancient coins. with some dealers intending to keep Now the world is full of things to ideas about ancients which may not be Byzantine silver: far less the status quo, but certainly with collect. You can choose tobacco tins, the same as yours. In my mind, if you common than Byzantine bronze. and numerous issues of obols. diobols, sea·shells. insect specimens, post· pay more than $100 for a coin or a usually much more expensive. but hemiobols, etc. particularly from cards, stamps, Kentucky rifles. French stamp or a sea-shell. you have in the still generally of little interest to the eastern Greek kingdoms to allow for impressionist paintings. or Erte back of your mind, whether it is majority of ancient coin buyers. serious collecting . efforts. Caveat seriographs. What you collect is subconscious or not. that you might Parthian, Bactrian, & Indo Emptor in terms of getting back what determined by a combination of two some day want to get back what you Greek in genre: except for a few you have paid, in many cases. if this is paid, and if you could make something very beautiful and very rare silver of any imponance. extra. you certainly wouldn't object. issues which are keenly collected, Any ancient coin in less than WE'RE PROUD OF Now if this is what goes on in your generally a very under-collected series fine condition: here the collector OUR RECORD! mind. then I call it investing. If you with lots of new discoveries to be can have a field day for even the wily are assembling a collection and you made and varieties to be found. Turk has found that low.grade really don't care what you spend to Generally of little interest to most material has very little commercial Over 1,050 get that illusive butterfly or Roman buyers. value and bargains abound. No matter bronze variety. and if you really do Greek bronze coins: some what series you choose, careful Satisfied not care what happens to the incredibly beautiful and very popular buying. and in particular, careful collection. once it leaves your pos­ issues, which are keenly sought after. examination of dealer junk·boxes will session or you die, in terms of but far out-weighed by massive issues afford you endless surprises. Just be Subscribers whether your heirs even can get back of Eastern Greek kingdoms which are fully aware that if you assemble a set what you put into it, then you are readily available and little sought of 12 Caesars that has bent, broken, indeed a true collector. after. holed, corroded, and wom--out coins The Cefalor I happen to believe, the only true Roman Colonial or Greek you will impress very few people if collectors in the world are museums. Imperial coins: a very contro­ you or your heirs try to sell it Subscribe today! To them a Constantinian bronze has versial area as certain sections such as commercially, but you can assemble the same value as an aureus of Roman Alexandria are keenly col· such a set for little money indeed and CaJigula, as in fact, neither coin has a lected, but usually by a few serious you will own the actual coins of these value. This is not some idea I have buyers who want the coins and don't famous emperors. concocted. I was told this years ago care what they pay, thus the by someone in the Coin Department of possibility of even breaking even is is The above comments are those of the British Museum, certainly the somewhat of a moot question. Most myself, alone, and are based on my world's largest coin collector. Greek Imperial coins come from the experience for over 11 years as a full· I will now go on to pin-point East, ie.; areas in and around Turkey, time professional, internationally which areas of ancient coinage in my are small, poorly struck, poorly recognized. numismatist specializing preserved. and generally boring. in ancient Greek and Roman coins, and Certainly an area, where a true with an active role in the buying and collector can find fertile fields selling, both in the U.S. and abroad, indeed, and have little fear about the of the full range of ancients. market changing drastically. For those readers of The Celator Roman Constantinian Issues who are interested in the monetary and Later Roman Bronzes: a return for the coins which they have fantastic series for collecting, with a bought and assembled over the years, I few emperors which are incredibly will be happy to write a follow-up FIXED PRICE LISTS and AUCTIONS rare and almost impossible to locate, article which delves into those areas even in low grade. Probably 95% of of ancient coinage that I think will the material which comes on the show the greatest monetary appreci­ market from the Middle East and ation.

ANCIENT GREEK· ROMAN· BYZANTINE· PARTHIAN ROMAN EGYPTIAN AND ENGLISH HAMMERED COINS

are offered in our Write for lists: ( FREE }JARQAlNPRlct,LIST.) STEPHEN M.HUSTON Classical Numismatist (312) 430·1445 P.O. Box 3621 San FranCiSCO, CA 94119 (415) 781-7580 M&R COINS Office: 582 Market Street, Suite 1011, San Francisco 10336 S. Harlem Palos Hills, IL 60465 Caralogues Aurhentication Coin Phorography The Celator September 1988 xv ALEXANDER THE GREAT King of Macedon 336 - 323 B.C.

SILVER TETRADRACHMS

Through a recent and fortunate purchase, we are able to offer authentic silver tetradrachms of Alexander the Great. They were struck at many mints throughout Alexander's Empire - some while he was alive, some posthumously. Each was selected for quality and many have interesting and scarce mintmarks. The prices at which we offer these 2,200-year-old coins are very reasonable. We also sell ancient artifacts and coins of the Greek, Roman, Near Eastern and Egyptian cultures. Please call us at our toll-free number for all of your collecting needs.

Choice Fine - Choice Very Fine - Select Very Fine Extremely Fine Extremely Fine $175 $245 $325 - each post paid each post paid each post paid

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Mules Continued from page X

portrait), lesser production was an simply a matter of transferring the Because these mules are not known This observation places this series inevitable result at the outset of the She-Wolf-and-Twins die engravers to from any of the other Imperial mints of mules in an interesting and folies' downsizing. An additional the portrait die department, but also a lhroughoul the Roman world. and contradictory category. They are error concern to the celator was the ever­ matter of retraining them. because of the close vicinity of the coins which realistically cannot be - mints to each odler and their relative changing obvene inscriptions. Another valid question: in facing considered errors, but rather, The task of balancing the demands this problem, why didn't mints just isolation from other Roman mints. sanctioned mint products. for individualized portraits, current strike more city commemorative coins these mules may be considered only obverse inscriptions, artistic quality in lieu of portrait/soldiers-reverse the result of a regional mint crisis. and production quotas must have been folies? It is reasonable to assume that This 'grouping' of the mules' great. When the additional burden of mints had production quotas for each issuance would suggest that these four administering the coin-weight reforms type, to evenly distribute the coins mints were a close-knit group under was added to this full agenda, and insure one form of propaganda the direction of a regional mint­ something had to give. would not be jeapordized by the over­ master. Otherwise. why didn't only When coin production was hindered abundance of the other types. one, two or three of the mints by the lack of portrait dies and the Mintmasters may have tried to meet produce the mules and why were they production quota still needed to be these requirements as best as possible, produced in similar quantity at each met, the easily-produced Roma and perhaps believing that it would be mint? It seems an official author­ Constantinopolis dies were substi­ better to meet the soldiers-reverse ization was given to use these tuted until the production schedule quotas during this crunch period even measures to remedy the crisis the Commemorative returned to nonnal. if the obverse didn't match. mints faced. - Why weren't more celators Another fact which suggests that it A mule is an error coin and it is assigned to the portrait dies to balance was the portrait dies which were in the nature of an error coin to be just Another fact which suggests that production? Perhaps eventually this short supply is that no portrait/She­ that - an error, unintentional and due the mules were both the result of low was done, but it would have taken Wolf and Twins or portraft/Victory to carelessness. However, this series portrait die production and not the some time during the early stages of on Prow mules are known. Had the of mules seems to evade that result of sloppiness is the non­ the reform to discover in what production of portrait dies been equal explanation. If these mules were due existance of Constantinopolis/She­ proportion this needed to be done. to that of the other five types, these to sloppiness, why don't at least Wolf and Twins mules and the scant This would account for the short would have been just as likely to have scattered specimens appear from other appearance of RomalVictory on Prow adjusunent period in which the mules been struck. Imperial mints? To date no such mules.· These combinations, under were struck. In addition, it may have Another interesting aspect of this examples have surfaced. equal die production conditions, required more than simply "adjusting" series is that the mules were produced would have been as likely as the two the proportion of portrait die at Heraclea, Cyzicus, Nicomedia and city/soldiers-reverse mules if the engravers. More likely, pre-reform Constantinople only - all of which cause were sloppiness. Thus, the non­ mints had a workable celator­ are in a compact and isolated existance of several mule types lends assignment ratio. Each celator had a geographical region inbetween the as much validity to the theory of their design specialty, this being the most Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. origin as does the existance of the two efficient way to produce many coins This heavily populated region was a mule types under discussion. and more beauliful coins. Special­ main center for commerce and wheat At the opposite end of the ization for each of the six die types shipments for the Empire. The intense spectrum is the theory that the mules required training, which required coinage demand in the area is apparent AE - Constantine I were intended to form a regular part time. Thus, when it was discovered in the fact that four mints were Pre-reform of the coinage. If this were the case that more celators needed to be required and that each mint produced a they would have been minted at all of Soldiers reverse assigned to portrait dies. it wasn't tremendous quantity of coinage. Please turn to page XVII PUBLIC SALE 73 October 17, 1988

• Ancient Greek and Roman Coins of high quality - featuring an important collection of Coins from Northern Greece

• Comprising also Islamic, French, German and Swiss Coins

Also Announcing: PUBLIC SALE 74, October 18119, 1988: An outstanding Collection of Bavarian Coins, ca. 1500 lots

If you are not on our mailing list, please ask immediately for the fully illustrated catalogues: - MUENZEN UND MEDAILLEN AG BASLE , P.O. Box 3647a, Malzgasse 23 CH·4002 Basle, Switzerland Tel. 061 23 75 44 The Celator September 1988 XVII

Mules Continued from page XVI the mints. After all, the Roma Also of note is that both mule of this mmtmg phenomenon would 335/6. commemorative was issued at every types often exhibit a loss of design include a pre-reform (two standards) • Of note is that RIC cites two mint. not just Rome. as was the detail on the periphery, weak strikes, and a post-reform (one standard) unique specimens of this odd - Constantinopolis commemorative. die wear and die cracks. Examples soldiers-reverse follis. a regular issue Roma/Victory on Prow muling. typically grade at least Very Fine in Roma commemorative, a regular issue However. they are attributed to the terms of wear. but appear to be Constantinopolis commemorative Lyons and Trier mints and have no lower-grade coins because of weak (either pre-reform or post-reform), connection with the four mints from strike. Silvered specimens, full or and one of each type of mule. For the which the city/soldiers-reverse mules partial, are scarce. Thus, a well-struck truly aggressive collector, a post­ were issued. Because they and other and preserved, attractive coin with reform follis struck on a pre-reform assoned errors are of the greatest silvering (if an example with all of flan would be desirable to graphicaJly rarity and there appears to be no mint these attritubes exists) would rival illustrate the down-sizing which pattern, they can only be regarded as the rarity of any other coin in the resulted from the reform of A.D. errors in the truest sense of the word. Imperial series.

AE - Constantinopolis Commemorative Jean Additionally, the intended political symbolism of such an unlikely die combination does not seem apparent AE - Constantinopolis ELSEN and it is unlikely that they were produced for this reason. Mule • Mail Bid Sales Condition and rarity Despite their near-equal frequency and Public Auctions of appearance and valuations in • Numismatic Literature numismatic sources, the Constantino­ polis/soldiers-reverse mule is about • Monthly l//ustrated Price Lists five to ten times rarer than the ~ • Ancient, Medieval and Modern Coins Raffia/soldiers-reverse mule. perhaps because lhe Roma commemorative was a more voluminous issue than the (Ii) JEAN ELSEN Constantinopolis commemorative or simply because many more Roma AE - Vrbs Roma Mule ~~ Avenue de Tervueren 65, Bte 1 mules have been discovered. As such, the Roma mule is a scarce coin and the 1040 BRUSSELS· BELGIUM Constantinopolis mule is a true A complete set of coins Tel: 021734.63.56 rarity. illustrating the fundamental aspects

YOU ASKED FOR IT..... PO BOX 745 • MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55407 THE BEST OF FIXED PRICE LIST. SEPTEMBER 1988

1) SIc!Iy. Syracuse, 488·.78 Be, Tetradradlm, S913, F ...... $260 2) Macedon, Akanlhos, 42 ..380BC . Telrobol, 81369, ab!VF ...... $68 3) Mac.don. Ptl~ip II, 3590336 BC, Telradrachm. S6684 .....

Amphipob mini • .tlraetiYe IIF. nice tone ...... H •••••••••••••••• $65O ., Macedon, Alexander m, 336-323 BC. Tetradrachm, 56723 VII, Philomellum mini?, IIF, lightly deaned ...... $2 .. S 5) Eubola, Chalkls, 340-294 Be. Drachma, 82482, F ...... •. .. •.••• $65 ANNUAL 6) !laly, Tarentum, 272·235 Be, Oidrachm, 537. IIIU, IIbIIIF, ... $225 Introducing in signature (magazine-like) format - 8 112 x 11 saddle stitched - • MoneIB wiI haloe 8 !abIe.t fle/linois SfatIt Coin Show, Oct. 6-9 in Rosemont IL. I look fotwanJ to mHing you Ihere. a recap of the best articles and features to grace the pages of

The Cewlor 7) ~. lyre, 87-86 BC, SheIwI, 55919 'IV, gVF ...... $375 throughout the past year. 8) A"1ea. Athens ••,. 100 Be. new .tyte Tetradrachm. 82559 printed on quality 50# offset paper VII. IIF, nice style, ~ulty deaned...... _...... _ ...... $320 Annual # 1 will cover issues released in 1987 & 1988 9) AugultUI, 27 Be- 0 '., As. RIC438, IIF, nice potIral ..••••. H ••• • 145 10) Antonlnua Plus, AD 138-161, As, 81172 var, Tber, VF..••... .$135 11) FaYIUna Sr.• AD '4', AI, 51271, IMtf ..IIIi'd, ~F, ...... $35 AVAILABLE FOR SHIPMENT 12) HadriNI, AD 117-138. Denarius, 5981, Diana, IIbIVF $42 13) Marcus Aurelius, AD 161 .180, Dena1u •• S1284. etVF .••••••. .$40 DECEMBER 1, 1988 14) Caracal.. AD 198-217. Denarius, S1823, Mars, OdVF _. ••...... $55 15) Severo. Alexander, AD 222-235, Sestertlus, 52161 . VF, ..... $48 16) Philip I. AD 244-249, Sestertius, S2505, gdVF, patina ...... $220 17) Gotdlan III, AD 238-244, Denarius, 52378, VF, 10. llan $48

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18) PostumUI. AD 259-268, ArioninlllnUl, 83014, GalleW'. VF...... $65 19) Aurellan. AD 270-275. As, 83176, sharp XF, padN •... ••..•..• .$250 20) ConstanUna I, Commemorlllive AD 330-340, ',.IE4, 83800. Bridoe. nice VF. (lfMn patln • •. _.••...... •... _.••••••..•••• ._ •••.•. ••..•••••.••••••••••.• .$85 21) o--.tlu., AD 351-353, DbbI. Cent., S3932, ChI Rho, 'IF ...... $75

22) ChIM. Pant. Mone)t. Wang MIng, AD &.22, F. •••••••••••••••.•••••• H •••• $25

The Celator All Items are guaranteed genuine. 10 day retum privilege. Please add $2 for shipping. MN resklenta add 6% sales tax, Phone orders are encouraged (612) 822-8157. 1hanIcyou. p.o. Box 123 Kenn Hollister Lodi, WI 53555 22 <-: .. XVIII .. --" 'T' h"e '.;..\:,eaVI 'I ",,,,:",'

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Write for Free List: (I Anything Anywhere P. O. Box 02826 Portland OR 97202 Clip & Save Ancient Coins • Mail Bid Sales Coin File • Fixed Price Lists • Gela,------Sicily • Buy or Bid Sales AR - Oidrachm • Numismatic Literature • 490 - 475 B.C. '. Horseman! Specializing in moderate priced Judaean coills • Man-headed bun (serious wallt-lists solicited) I• Jenkins 8 I The city of Gela was founded in 690 B.C. on the southern coast of I Sicily by colonists from the islands of Llndos and Crete. It became a William M. Rosenblum/rare coins I center of great power and wealth in the 6th century and, like oiher po box355evergreen,colo80439 I Sicilian cities, employed artists of the highest caliber and reputation in 303-83&-4831 • I the design of ~s coinage. The man-headed bull, often portrayed on coins struck at Gela. is thought to represent either Achelous, the I "Father of Rivers", or the river god Gelas. The poet Aeschylus is said I to have died at Gela. During the fifth century B.C. the city was ruled I by a series of tyrants including Hippocrates, Gelon (who ruled at the Don't forget to Tell your friends I time this coin was struck) and Hieron. By Roman Imperial times the sHe had declined to the point that Hwas no longer inhaMed, J about The Celator L ------~ - - ~ TRIVIA QUIZ Among the many nanatlve subjects found on Roman Republican denarll Is the represen­ tation of Homer's Ulysses being recognized by his dog Argus as he returns to tthaea. Under whose authority were these coins struck? (last month's answer on page XXVI)

QUOTES FROM THE PAST "Make the best use of what is in your power, and take the rest as it happens"

Epk:\etus

1. CLAtrDIUS. Orichalcum sestertius. TI CLA VDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP PP I SPES AVGVSTA. Spes adv. 1., r. hand holding flower, 1. raising skirt. High relief portrait. BMC-192, RIC 115. Good VF/VF 400.00 2. -- TI CLA VOIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP I EX SC OB elVES SERVATOS in oak wreath. RIC-961. VF/VF 350.00 3.- AE As. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR PIMP PP / LIBERTAS AVGVSTA Choice apple-green patina. RIC-Ill. Photo doesn't do coin justice. Good VFI 225.00 4. - Copper As. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP PP I Minerva advanCing r., brandishing javelin and holding shield. RIC-116. No patina. VF/YF 150.00 5. CALIGULA. Copper As. C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT I VESTA. Vesta std 1. Sear 516. Old shallow scrape on chin and neck. VF/VF 225.00 TERMS OF' SALE All. eol ..s &usrallteed Jelluille. Pleue sdd 13.00 for POSta,e and I~ur ...ee. P'lnse send pa.,men\ with order. P'uU rdulld 1nclu~ POstqe It 1'01t sre not .,.Usf!ed. Coins must be retumed In 10 clau. P'hOIlt ordell are recommended. Orders will ~ held 1 dB n s"atUIl' PIl'lIIent. . . The Ce.lator •. September 1988 '. XVIlIl Gillio holds auction at Hong Kong Numismatic Expo Coming Events .... Sep. 8 - 10 Greater NY Convention, Ron and Dennis Gillio of Pacific $1.600. An interesting drachm of Omni Park Central Hotel, NYC Coast Auction Galleries. Inc. will Hallkamassos in Caria is being offered - conduct a public auction which in choice VF with a 3/4 facing head of includes 93 loIS of ancient coins on the Rhodian Helios on its obverse and Sep.9-11 Westex-Denver Merchandise Mart September 2 in conjunction with the a bust of Athena wearing a Corinthian 1988 Hong Kong Numismatic Expo. helmet on the reverse. Executed in an Sep.2O Christie's Auction, New York City A run of 17 gold coins from antiquity unusual, somewhat "eastern" style the is highlighted by an aureus of piece is estimated at $425 - $475. Sep. 29 - Oct. 2 Long Beach Fall Expo, Rounding out the offerings is a run Vespasian (69-79 A.D.) with a Convention Ctr., Long Beach, CA Neptune standing reverse estimated at of nice Roman Imperial Denari, a $3,500 - $3,750 in choice VF scarce Dupondius of Livia in Fine + condition. condition, and a nice portrait, VF, As Oct. 7-9 Valley Forge Show and Auction, Greek silver coins offered include a of Drusus. Catalogs for Pacific Coast Valley Forge, PA choice VF tetradrachm of Kyzikos in Auction sales may be obtained at 1013 Mysia with Persephone veiled obverse Slate Street, Santa Barbara, CA Oct. 18 - 19 M&M Sale 74, Basel, Switzerland and a lion's head reverse at $1,500 - 93101. Telephone 800-235-6937. Oct. 20 - 22 Schulten Auction, Cologne

Durst conducts numismatic Oct. 21-23 Extravaganza, Denver Sheraton

literature mail bid sale Oct. 28 - 29 Classical Numis. Bourse· Dallas

Sanford 1. Durst, numismatic book higher or lower bid is made it will be Nov. 18 -19 CNB - San Francisco publisher and distributor has entered as a bid, and the item will be announced his 14th numismatic sold to the highest bidder. Most lots Nov. 18-20 literature mail bid sale which closes are estimated in value from $ I 0 - $50, San Jose Expo., Convenlion Ctr. September 30. The 1200 plus lots and include many titles which are out include an eclectic assortment of prinr. A large selection of auction Nov. 18 - 20 Central States Fall Convention, including many books on ancient catalogs is also included. Dayton Convention Ctr., OH numismatics. The catalog and prices realized is Durst's sale is run in a "buy or bid" available for $4.00 from Sanford J. Nov. 18 - 20 Prescott Coin Show, Sheraton format which permits bidders to enter Durst. 29-28 41 st Avenue, LIC, NY Resort,Prescott, AZ a "buy" bid at the estimate. If a 11101. Nov. 25 - 27 CSNA Convention, Red Uon Inn, Sotheby's may set record Ontario, CA with auction of Islamic coin

Sotheby's will offer at auction on Further information may be The September 29 in London an EF gold obtained from Sotheby's, 34-35 New dinar of Abd ai-Malik bin Marwan. Bond St.. London, WIA 2AA, Great World Famous It is expected that the Umayyad coin, Britain. issued in 673 A.D., will set a new LONG British auction record and is estimated at about $88,000 to $118,000. BEACH The Dinar of Abd ai-Malik set a NUMISMATIC tradition of coin design that lasted to modern times and distinctly set the & Islamic coinage apart from its PHILATELIC comtemporary Byzantine counterparts. EXPOSITIONS

14th ANNUAL PRESCOTT, AZ, COIN SHOW Sept. 29-30 Nov. 18-20, 1988 - Sheraton Resor1 & Conference Center .od Oct. 1 &2 Mail Bid I Bid Board Auction (dosing date: Nov. 19) OVOf 200 lots of ancient & rnecjeval reins LONG with both old and reN Sear numbers for reference 'eaturing the 12 ea ...,. with ANACS authentiflcatlon BEACH and grading certificates, also two dozen more certified ancients CONVENTION see tie ancient & medevalcoin Jots at Table 411 at Long Beach, Sept 29- Oct. 2 For more information and free catalog, contact CENTER M. Wolt, P.O. Box 233, Dewey, AZ, 86327 (602) n2-7144 Long Beach Califomia

SPECIAL FEATURE ANCIENT ROMAN ANCIENT & FORBGN COIN SECTION which has now become one of the best known and best attended on the West Coast. With an average of 10,000 vis~ors at each expo, the popularity of this ANCIENT & FOREIGN & GREEK COINS COIN SECTION has increased dramatically. (Also U.S. Coins & stamp section). IUustrated Price Lists Numismatic Literature Outstanding Forums, .....tlngs. S8mlnara, V.I.P.'a & Auctions Auction Representation Grading & Authentk:a.tlon Booths International Minta Want List Search Service Junior Forums David P. Herman Classical Numismatist 1322 35th St., Suite 101 Chairman: ~.. ,..... Orlando, Florida 32809 SAMUEL L. LOPRESTO '" #33398 Sam Lopresto 422·5915 (213) 437-0819 #362 Select Examples of Silver Drachms from the 4th century Be of - ALEXANDER THE GREAT

o ... "TIVS

We have recently acquired a small quantity of ,.0: CHOICE aUALITY drachms of Alexander the Great (336-323 Be) and are offering them at the Map of ancient ROfflfI showing the walls 01 SSfVil,ls and those of Aurelian

19. l"orto. CI.-. JO. F. Tlbl1l1.i.&{S.J..or<-n IO). 1 .~Col IlD SPECIAL PRICE of $150 EACH ... !!l. P. ~ ... (),I... Ioore ). S. 1'. Vl",lulio. ft. 1'. AI;....,; ... or 3 for $400 3. P. EoojulU . .. m.. 1'. lo&ouvoi. r P. Qu~ ...t" l ..... t. r ~. 1'. Lo.,..... 5- P. Cullln",,\.", 1.1. P. A pp( . oeopl .... u. P. _ .1&11.. )J. P. Ba...... , U.,. "...... U .. CoIossemn Coin e~ ::Inc. ~ Po>oo AoIL... (Pb-.." 8.. ADp Ioo). 0...... ,.."'_ 41 ... _ IS. P. v .\Looa. .. r P.O. Box 21A Sol. 1'. ~ •• 1ou1aolo r 16. rwt&J1_al .. u. 1'. ".br\oI .... Hazlet, NJ 07730 II. P. PI ...... ,.. P. c..;.,.. Il8..1'.I. P. tiSolari __ .. 111. 1'. Palo

28) Khusro II , 591 - 628 A.D . , AR Drachm, r.y. 2 , YZ .. Yazd lIIint , GobI 210, with nice portrait style '" full bear d , choi ce EF & !l.------$ 50.00 Sasanian Empire: 29) ------, ------, AR Drachm, wit h AFIO in obv . margin , DA, roy. 31 , GobI 214 & sww 62 , Ef.------$ 25 . 00 11 A:- dashir I. 224- 241 A. D., AE 1/6 Unit. not in GobI or SWW, but 30) - - ______, ------______, AR Drachm, r.y. 35, GW .. Gurgan mint., MAC 80). VF for t ype & RARE ------$75. 0o Gob1 212-213 .& SWW 65. EF------$ 20 . 00 2 ) --______• ------, Potin 4 Drachlll , Ge>bl 7 & SW"II 5, wi th brown & red patina nice aVF for type------___ $100. 00 NOTE, have large qui\it. i es of Khusr o II dracnms in stock of various re~al ) ______• ------_. AR Drachm , GobI 10 & SWW 10, years and mints in VF - EF coneli tlon i f you are l ook.ing f or any t oned good VF s peci fic coins of this ruler please write me . 4) Sil:lpur I, 241-272 1. . 0 ., AR Dra::hm. GobI 2) .!: SWW 12, good VP--- $11)5. 00 31 ) Kavad II , 626 A , D. , AR Dr achm , regnal year 2. ART" Ar dashir- Khu:-::-a 5) " arhran 11, 276-29) A. D. , AR Drachm, GobI 64 .!: SWW 2). mi nt , chipped at 12 o' c l OCk otherwise EF , and ~ - __ $?7.': . 00 t oned good VF------$)00. 00 )2) Kavad II, 628 A.D., AR Drachm, regnal ~ear 2 , AYRAtI .. Eran-asan- ,;a ::- - 6 ) Shapur II , 309- 379 A. D. , AR Draellm, A>::pahan <:>in t , GobI /IIOK 1247, GobI 90 & SWW 29, AARE early portrait s tyl e, NOTE : Coins & EF ------______$ 125. 00 O/~;:: d m ttir~o~~ e 2~~ ~h~~~ e ~ ~a;~~i~s Eln t~:R~;;;;;i~S65C . 00 series of r uler s and next to Hormizd I &: Queen Azarmidokht t he 7) ------. ------AR Drachm, GobI 105 &: SWW 32, good VF 185.00 hardest to find and aqui re to complete one' s collection and have 9) ------, ------AR Drachm , GobI 105 &: SWW ) ), good VF 50. 00 every ruler known , 9) ------, ------• AR Draehm . Go bI 102 & SWW )2 , toned aEP $ 75. 00 ))) Ardashir I II, 628- 6)0 A. D., AR Dr achm , r.y. 2 , WYHC ~ Veh- az-Amid 10) Shapur III, 38)- )88 A. D., AR Drachm, Gobl 126 & SWIi )7, Kavad mint , GobI 227 & S ~IW 70, ton ed f:F ------$: .2 5. 00 good VF ------.,------$ 45 , 00 )4) ______, AR Orach.m , r . y . 2 , BYSh .. Bi shapur :ni."': t, 11 ) Varhran I V. )88-399 A, D., AR Drachm, Gob! 136 , toned aVP ______$ 45 . 00 GobI 227 & SWW 70, luStr ous EF - ______S::5 . 00 )5) ------. ------, AR Drachm, r .y. 2, ST~ Stakhr ("lstaj.;~. i:-), 12 1 Yazdgard I , )99-420 A. D. , AR Drach,., Go bI 147 &: SL~ 41 , toned GobI 227 & SWW 70, t.on ed EF ______S125 . 00 good VF ------$ 60. 00 )6) ------. ---______, AR Drachm, r . y . 2 . YZ " Yazd lIIin t . 1 ) ------, ______, AR Drachm, AS .. Aspahan CLint , Gob1 227 & S\M 70, EF ______~:25.00 GostylbIe· 147______& SIiW 41_, _toned______goo- ____d V_F___ in__ nie_____e portral--______t -$ 80. 00 37) ------, ------, AR Drachm. r .y, 2, DA .. Darabgird mi:-:t , GobI 227 & S ~iW 70, t oned EF ______~1.25 . 00 14) Varhran V, 420- 4)8 A. D. , AR Drachm (broad type) , SR .. Sirajan )8) Queen Buran, 6)0-6)1 A.D" AR Drachm, r . y . I , lIR .. Herat ~int , andmin t RAREin Kirman,- ______GobI____ 156_ ____& SWW__ _43_____. nicely______toned______VP__ __. $ 50. 00 GobI 228 & SWW 71 , Ex - M. foroughi & '01.3 . Warden -- Collection , choice EF '" RP.!lR (any coir.s of t his Queen ______, ______, AR !:rachm, AB .. Abarsahr mint , IS) other than SK K Sakastan ~int are extremely rare) GobI 156 & SWW 43. VF+ ------$ 45. 00 )91 Queen Azarmidukht, 6)1-6)2 A. D., AR Drachm. r.:J. 1 , WYHC .. V eh_a~_ ") ------______, AR Drachm, Tepe Maranjan hoard type, Amid - Kavad mint , not illusbted in SWW and broad flan on eX'tremely t hin plancet, Kabul mint unkown at t im .. of Gob1 publicatien , as !.:oehir!' s according to research by Curiel and GobI , good t.oned ElHS Vo l. It, fig . 48J. page 193, t he rarest SaslUlian ruler , EF & RRRP. ______:t3 , OOO . OO VPand. RAREwith - edge_____ at___ 12______oc10ck__ _ __cr______ink.led. Ex-McDonald______ColI.___$ 90.00 40) Hormizd y, 6)1-632 A.D., AR Drachm, r . y , """'2"""& DA .. Dara~ird mir.t, 17) Yazdgard II , 4)8-457 A. D., Gohl 165 &: SWW 47 , aEf----$ 45. 00 GobI 230-231 &: SWW 72 (most coins f ound of this rare 18) ------VH .. Veh-.l.rdashir (Selueia) ruler are of !!lint signatures A'tRAN & WYlie and any on,er au &: RR---- - ______$ 75 . 00 mint signatures are extre"'ely rare), vF - &: RP.!l~_-- - - $L~C . OO >9) Peroz , .. Rev-ArAbarshahr NlJl1is matie Convention. mint, Gob1 178 &: SWW 50, nice VF &: RR------$175.00 ,,) Kavad I, 484, 488-497. 499-5)1 A.D . , AR Drachm, OA E Darabgird Terms 01 Sale: All coins are guatanlaed gGl"Uine and correcUy attributed· A 14-dll)' retum pm;lege for .,,- mint, GobI 18) & sww 51. rare issue of 1"irst reign, any reason' All Pensylvania residents must add 6% sales tax to their order • For overwas eoIl&ctors, aU EF for type &: 8!------$ 50. 00 ----______, AI( Drachm. A .. ID110catecl prices are in U.S. dollars, and payment is 10 be made in this currency by either draft or money order drawn 24) on a U.S. bank' Orders are filled out in order of receipt. and i1lW1ed out promptly, howell9l if customer is mint signature , GobI 18) var • •. aEF & RR------$ 45.00 unknown to me, I will wail until check payment has deared my bank before sh1pping • Please include $2 /()( ," -( ------."Isfahan) mint, GobI 18), VFre ____gnal__ year______II, AS .. Aspahan$ 45 . 00 postage for ordels under $200, and $4 if over. 26~ Zamasp, 497-499 A.D., AR Drachm, r egnal year 2 , WH (ol d NHl .. Veh_Ardashir mint, GobI 18 0, nice aEF &: RARE------__ $)25.00 27) Zar.-.asp, 497-499 A. D.; AR Drachm, regnal year 3 , Lm (old I!H 1 .. WILLIAM B. WARDEN, JR. Ve-hrdashir mint, GobI 180, VF & RARE------$105.00 P.o. Box 356, New Hope, PA 18938 (215) 297-5088 "':"· I;-.·.-"- ~-~·.-"·~'ii·.·~-.·"'~'.-",,~iW""~ __ ~~""""""""""...... j ' ..' ...... ,-. -...... ~...... -..' • •••• -...... ~ • • •••• -...... ~ .:.•• •••• •:. -...... -~ ...... ' .. The Celalor ·. September. 1988

TETRADRACHMS OF ALEXANDER III AND LYSIMACHOS We are offering a limited quantity of these famous ancient coins which formed an important part of the monetary circulation of the Hellenistic period. The tetradrachms of Alexander were struck commencing in 336 B.c. and continued to be produced long after the king's death. On the obverse they bear the head of a youthful Heracles wearing his lion skin; the reverse is inscribed with the Icing's name and represents the figure of Zeus enthroned. The tetradrachms issued under the name of Lysimachos began to be minted in 296 and soon beeame the coin of preference in Asia Minor and the Black Sea region. The obverse bears an effigy of the deified Alexander with the horns of Ammon. while the reverse portrays a seated Athena.

TETRADRACHMS OF ALEXANDER ill Dated ca. 336 - 330 B.C.

Extremely Fine, $350 each • Very Fine, $300 each • Fine, $200 each

TETRADRACHMS OF LYSIMACHOS Dated ca. 296 - 292 B.c.

Extremely Fine, $900 each· Very Fine, $550 each· Fine, $300 each -- Conditions of Sale:

1. All coins are guaranteed to be genuine. 2, l4-

The possibility of a separate mint by others with access to the great having produced the slender head coins collections, this student remains un­ could be disproveD by die link work certain of their attribution to the - (unknown to this student) if, in fact. Emesa mint. Stylistic variations be­ sufficient coins exist to allow such a tween various coins of the Emesa mint study_ The variety of portraiture seem greater than the distinctions that (both style and quality) certainly separate this mint from those issues suggests the work of more than one assigned to Laodicea or Alexandria. portrait cutter. In particular, there are The possibility of more than one mint portraits of the round head style in using the COS II legend and the possi­ which the curls of the beard are sim­ bility of one mint being responsible plified into a series of dots empha­ for more than one of these groupings sizing tbe curls over the shaggy will have to await further scholar­ appearance of other coins. If there is a ship. distinction to be made~ the dotted If the separation of the issues of Julia Domna beards tend to accompany the smaller Severns produced by the Eastern mints AR - Denarius lettering style of obverse legend. produces confusion then there is little Misspelled Ivla Also attributed to this mint are hope for unc!erstanding the coins of coins bearing the official used­ his wife Julia Damna. Here all everywhere-else 193 A.D. legend IMP distinction must be made on style CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG. Having since all early coins bear the same only handled onc of these coins legend: JULIA DOMNA AVG. Coins and also the specialized Venus reverse An interest in the Eastern coins of penonally. and being ignorant of the exist bearing the same series of re­ used on Julia's Roman coins. If, in Severns is made financially possible die link work that may have been done verses found on Eastern Severns issues fact. all the COS IT coins are of one for a collector of modest means by mint ("Emesa-), it would seem the fact that many of the coins are reasonable to assign the Damna coins low priced due to being somewhat also to this mint. The relative rarity substandard in style. centering, strik­ Are you interested in of Eastern style coins not bearing the ing, and metal quality. Many very COS II device would point to Emesa interesting coins will attract no CHOICE WORLD COINS? being the major mint of the region and interest from the investment oriented You should be receiving our J:X.Iblications the one most likely to have struck the collectors. A strong drawback in the MORE THAN THREE scarce (but not rare) Damna coins. study of Severus is the current un­ Continuing in the tradition of miss­ availability of the British Museum MAIL BID CATALOGUES ANNUALLY pelling, there were obverse dies that Catalog. Vol. V, which covers the bore the legend IVLA DOMNA period. Available, but not as worth­ AVG. while, is the Roman Imperial Coin- Featuring RARE and CHOICE gold and silver coins of the world as well as ancient coinage and world paper money. A sample catalogue is $10.00 postpaid. Includes Prices Realized An annual subSCription is also available The cost is $30 within the U.S. and $35 outside the U.S.

Ponterio & Associates, Inc. 3823 Park Boulevard Box 33588, San Diego, CA 92103 Septimius Severus 1-80D-854-2888 or 619-299-0400 AR - Denarius Licensed Auction Company # 968 Cos II with captive

P.N.G: #.J08 Richard H. Ponterio - President

age, Vol. IV, which was reprinted but not updated to include information surfacing in the last fifty years. Illustrations to Seaby, Roman Silver Coins, Vol. 1Il, include a nice COS I FRANK L. KOVACS (#334a) and a slender head COS II (# 185). The coins tbemselve!\ are available with some regularity in the stocks of dealers who cater to collectors of lower priced materials. COINS AND ANTIQUITIES The likelihood of fmeting a COS I coin at the weekend coin show seems small OF at best but the regular issues of these half Roman/half barbaric coins are GREECE, ROME, AND BYZANTIUM available to serve as a commemorative of the civil war against Pescennius Niger and the beginning of the period of Roman history presided over by P.O. BOX 25300 soldier-emperors. San Mateo, Califomkl 94402 TEL. (415) 574-2028 ,.... ,.. : \. You don't want to ~. '= '\ i miss even one 'I~. ~ .. ' Illustrated Fixed Price and issue of Mail Bid Sale Catalogues The Celator Subscribe today I

~ ____"" ____ ,,"-~ __~-"~~~~~~~ -~"~, ~-__. ~ . _. ,,• • ._ . ~, _. _. _."-~•.______--L ____ ~ ______~ Letters Continued from page ' II determine the coin to be produced and brought to market • involving discovered is vastly differenl than awl of Expressing numbers like four with IV from modem dies?). An immediate actual grave robbing and destruction cUlain other al"li/acts. Coins were seldom is based on the subtractive principle question I have along these lines of archaeological sites. I believed blU"ied wilh the thad, and if so on.ly in used prevalently in the late middle concerns counterfeits in the market when I started collecting ancient coins loken quantities. Grave robbing is ages and uncommonly in ancient (or so I heard at the AN A that ancient coins are brought to l/ruefOl'e IlOl ~ry produelive as a m.e4IIS times. Since your paper specializes in convention). What do they look like market by numerous channels, among of acquiring anciefll coins. Most often, ancient numismatics. at least you and how is the patina manufactured? which the destruction of archaeo· coins are discovered as loose ifICidenlal should use the additive principle and objecrs, cluuned up by the farmu's plow, 2. A section devoted to publicizing print lIlI, VIllI. XIUI, etc. logical sites by pick.wielding peasants or as hoard mauTiaI blU"ied at SlJIM dislQIII ancient coin clubs and their meetings. was not particularly significant. The tiMefor safe wping. Coins were, ill tima Although Roman numerals are I would love to discuss my collecting Conojsseur article would have us of distress (plague, WtU, inslU"recl;on, inconvenient for calculations with interests (and their's) with other believe that small armies of swarthy etUthquake, elc.), buried in pots or papyrus and stylus. the forms using collectors. I wouldn't mind fiends roam the Mediterranean pouches - lISualiy /lear some permtmenl the additive principle were logical travelling an hour or two once a borderlands in search of ancient sites landmark where they could later be when using their contemporary abacus. month to attend a meeting just to talk to plunder and despoil. relrieved. Many obviously were lost in that Columns of beads from left to right to other collectors. and I am sure that My question to the dealers: does mtJNler as lhe depositor never retlU"ned. had positions for I. X, C. M. etc., others feel the same way. The this article accurately depict your The nu:xJern day firuler of this maJeriai that is. decimal (The "etc." is an problem is getting organized. direct or indirect sources of supply? could hardly be called a despoiler or graw interesting story for another letter). Joe Hemsley robber. Thal is 1IOlto ;;01 ,hat some situ Are we participating in the Mve IIOt been dam4ged by coin·seekers, Each column had space for up to O/iQ destruction of ancient sites, with the FOUR beads, so columns above had bUl those who hUN lor these treasures - consequent loss of knowledge about know quite well where they tUe likely to be halfway counters with space for a (We It4ppily publish any club news S~nI these ancient cultures that we admire? found and a graw is IlOl one of IMm. The bead haying values V. 1., D, etc. The our way. bid lia~ isforthcbming. Partly, I the value for VIllI had four beads in think, thU is a ruuh of club offICers not Ideally, all dealers would be ftJIMd Decadrachm hoard which yoll. hailing or taking 1M tirtlll to wriJe IIp 1Mif' eminent scholars like Steve Album. melllioll was, for example, ptUt 0/ a the lower right column and one bead Hnews~. We (!/1Courage all organized who would enrich our knowledge of treasury, IlOl 0/ a grave. The lew square in the column aboye it. groups of ancient coin and antiquities the peoples who minted these coins. /UI 0/ earth moved to recover the coilU Perhaps using up to four I's wasn"t collectors to do so.) As a practical matter, the collectors could hardly be con..rithred thslTuelion of coincidental because the human mind ••••• are most interested in getting the lUI arcJ.lJeou,gicaJ sileo TIte reo.! qll.utioft can distinguish patterns of up to four pieces that they want at a fair price. I of ezlt.ics i.J one 0/ ~righJ 10 OWII~. Who Iuu similar objects without counting I would like to address an issue the proprieuuy Werest in these coins, The that was raised in the recent believe, however, that both dealers them. Beyond that, we must count and collectors should also examine TlI.ru, or the world? J join yoll. in Oh, if only the Romans had Connoisseur magazine article on "The upressillg a concern for the destruetion of Hoard of the Century." This article the ethical questions in how these any siles of arcluJeological imparlance, bw thought of using some symbol for depicted ancient coin dealers, and by coins are found. I would be very ful confidenl tllOl any sucJc dutrllCtWn by zero in recording no beads in a extension coUectors, as participants in interested in hearing from dealers on ~swarthy jiotds" in searclt. of OIICU:fII coins column! They would have scooped the unsavory activities which approximate this point is iru:idenlal arul relatively ilicotUe · Indians by hundreds of years and we grave robbing. Bob Silverman quenJiaI.) could then have page numbers like These accusations trouble me to California ••••• XO. and eventually W and COO. some extent. Though I find Mesa. Every edition of The Celator, I (Deokrs tUe cerlaW, encouraged 10 notice your cute page numbering in Edward Co"" American art attractive and respond 10 Mr. SilvefltUlll's question, intriguing, I would never collect it Roman numerals, but the Romans however, J will inlerject some persoNJI rarely used the ones you use. (We stand corrected) because of the well known methods observations ill the illter;m. The by which such objects are unearthed archaeological conJaI ill which coins are ., - ... + >--M-.1\It ~ 1 '2 I J ~ J. +" "~

1+ 1 4 ~ . 1 -Il ! i We Compete • We Don·t Have to be a Goliath to be + the best ad buy of the coin & antiquities media. 1 4 ! US THEM , I 1. 2 1/4 .. ad column width 1.13/4"orlesscolumnwidlh 1 ~ . 2. $6.50 per column inch 2. $14 + per column inch -Il + 3. Targeted readership 3. General readership ! ~ i ~ 4. Free ad composition, 4. Camera ready art only layout, and art worit • ANCIENT WORLD ARfS COLLECTION ~

;"'0' Specializing in ancient Egyptian andl Classical antiquities. PlUS, ancient] THE CElLA TOR i coins, Pre-Columbian and Orientalia. ~ . ." Send (or our campI imentary catalogue-C9. l + J P.O. Box 123 ~ ." FuZZ year subscription-$5 Overseas-$10 Lodi, WI 53555 M ANCIENT WORLD AKfS, LTD. ~~· " 1 ~ IIbt 76th SI. • Mew Yor1\. M.Y. 10023 . t "'-.,...______...:.... ______..... ___ ~. ~ O.~t~ry_~pen ~y .ppot~trnent· (212) 724-94SS ... + ~ . __ ~_. ) XXIIII The ' Celato~ . ' September1988 ,.

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN OBTAINING CNA Auction IV includes SOME OF THE FINEST ANCIENTS IN John Barton library/coins - THE WORLD? by Wayne G. Sayles are from specific collections rather Victor England, doing business as than loose accumulations. Included in Classical Numismatic Auctions, Ltd. this category are collections of The Celator is chock full of ads offering ancient coins for sale. To many has just released the firm's catalog for Ancient Greek bronze; Alexandrian of you, we are j.Jst a name, amidst a foresl of similar firms. You may the upcoming sale IV which is being tetradrachms; Roman Republican assume that most ancient dealers. deal in very similar coins. conducted as a Mail Bid Auction. coinage; a specialized late Roman CNA's impressive offering of 1109 collection; and the library of the late YOU ARE WRONG!!! lots of ancient and medieval coins and John Barton of Owl Ltd. numismatic literature is presented in a The coins will be available for If you are building a collection of any of the following: tastefully produced, and highly public viewing at the Greater New Byzantine bronze or silver, Greek bronzes, Parthian, Bactrian Indo­ recommended, catalog with excellent York Numismatic Convention (tables Greek, Constantinian t?ronzes, Late Roman bronze, Roman Republican illustrations of every coin. Many 66 & 67) on September 8-10. They bronze, Roman Colonial or Greek Imperial coinage, ancients in genre in significant pieces are pictured within will also be available at the Northern less than Very Fine condition, or ancients in genre for under $100 - per the catalog text (in Sear handbook California Numismatic Association style) with all remaining examples coin, Show in San Francisco on September shown in plates at the end. The YOU PROBABLY WON'T BE AMONG OUR CLIENTELE 15-18. and by appointment at the - catalog itself is a collectible and offices of CNA in Quarryville, PA certainly ranks as "world class". from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Monday WE SPECIALIZE IN SOME OF THE FINEST AND RAREST ANCIENT Most of the offerings in this sale COINS THAT CAN BE OBTAINED WORLD·WIDE through Friday until the day of the sale. If you love Roman or Greek gold--CONTACT OUR FIRM Among the highlights are a If you love beautiful Greek tetradrachms--CONTACT ·OUR FIRM beautiful EF tetradrachm of Eumenes If you want to build a fantastic 12 Caesars Collection, whether in gold, The Classifieds II (197-160 B.C.) estimated at silver, or bronze--CONTACT OUR FIRM . are for Everyone $4.000; a choice YF 80 Drachmai If you drool over the coins that you see in the major auctions, and want portrait bronze of Cleopatra VII with 10 own exactly similar coins-- an estimate of $700; and a VF Denier of Charlemagne with cross and • Buyers monogram. Many of the ancients are THEN BY ALL MEANS CONTACT OUR FIRM • SeUers listed as ex-John Barton inventory. (By the way, we do not issue price lists) • Traders Indeed, jf this sale were to have a .,.,. • Anuouncements name it would probably be "The John Rare Coins & Classical Arts Ltd. • Reminders Barton Sale". Dr. Arnold R. Saslow • Club notices "Specialists in Museum Quality Coins" Catalogs for this sale, and the • Opportunities forthcoming sale V in December, are Member: ANA, ANS, SAN, AINA, INS, Fellow RNS • Services available for $10.00 postpaid (a real P.O. Box 374 Try Ihe bargain) from Classical Numismatic South Orange, NJ 07079; Phone: (201) 761-0634 Celalor ClasslfU!ds Auctions. Ltd.. P.O. Box 245. Quarryville. PA 17566-0245.

Coin Auction 20 - 22 October 1988 • Ramada Renaissance Hotel • Magnusstr. 20, 5000 Koln 1

Ancients: Modern coins Greek and Roman coins, after 1500: Old Collection Mining, Gold,Thalers, Mainland Greek; Hassia, Prussia, Saxony, Habsburgs, Reichsmunzen Greek Imperial; - Byzantine Coins Middle Ages Oriental Fully ll/ustraU!d Catalog (ca. 3,600 lots) by aimulil $25 (send your check)

Miinzhandlung Schulten & Co. GmbH Numismatische Fachbuchhandlunl: Klingelpiitz 16, 5000 KOln 1 West Germany tei. (0221) 121777, Telex 8881139

- .. --.. -.. TI'I6'CetattJl" ', " Septemllet'198If' New Seaby publication Advertising in surveys Greek coinage Two widely recognized British reasons why coins were circulated. and 7/,e CeIoJor numismatists, Ian Carradice and how they were used, in this new - Martin Price, have collaborated to treatment which draws together for Just Makes Good Sense produce a new survey of the the first time much of the history development and use of coinage in behind ancient Greek coins that has ancient Greece. Cojnag~ in the GruJ:. eluded the average collector. World, an illustrated hardback published by B.A. Seaby, Ltd., of Seaby also released in August London, was released in August at a David Sear's update of Roman Coins price of £13 .50 and should be and their Values as well as the 24th available through international edition of lile Standard Catalog of booksellers soon. British Coins edited by Stephen Price and Carradice focus on the Mitchell and Brian Reeds. Full Page 1/2 Page 1/4 Page $390 $195 $97.50 ANCIENT BIBLICAL COINS - per column inch Struck in Israel 2.000 years ago. these coins have become one of the most $6.50 rapidly growing fields in Ancient Numismatics. Referenced to Biblical cities, Where else can you get rulers and events, the popularity of these coins has increased values tremen­ targeted coverage st that price? dously in the past several years. Many types are still relatively inexpensive in Israel (under $10) and have reached recocd high sales in severa1 leading NO AOOmONAL CHARGE FOR 1988 auctions. TYPESETTING OR PHOTO SCREENS DONT MISS TilE BOAT!!! It is important to be on our mailing list l ust rNe can use any print or negative) mention seeing our ad in The CelaJor and you will receive free catalogs and books on Ancient Biblical Coins from the source. (Dealer inquiries invited). ~ fA.- a/eKOGEN . &. ~. ~1l • P.O. Box 2137 ~~iP P.O. Box 123 THE WIOOWSMITE Natanya 42121 FESTUSINERO Mark 12:41 Israel Acts 24:27 Lodi, WI 53555

Say You Saw it In The Celator!

BOOKS ABOur ROMAN IMPERIAL COINS NOW IN STOCK! Roman Imperial Coinage. The main, and only comprehensive, reference on Imperial ooins. Volumes THE NEW 1988 EDITION II and III, are out of print with few oopies remaining. Volume V is out of print and virtually unobtainable.

VOlume I. Augu.t~ through Vitelllu., 31 B.C. - A.D. 69. Over 2,300 newly re-numberod coins. 326 p. +32 8Xoel\enl plates. ROMAN COINS 'RIC-l. $85. It V• ..,.aJan through Hadrilln. 568 p. + 16 pl. AND THEIR VALVES Volume III. Antoninu. Plus - Commodus. 532 p. + - 16 pl. 'RIC-3. $85. BY Volume IV, PerUn.. - U,.niu. AnI. 883 p. + 45 pl. IRiC-4. $120. DA YID R. SEAR VOlume V ValeMn through ArMndUs. Two parts. ru of prinl \Io!vme VI, Diodetlsn • Msxlmus. 727 p. + 16 pl. IRIC-6. $75. This is the basic hancl>ook which is an essential reference for I{oIume VII. eon.wnUn•• Ucinlus. T78 p. + 24 pl. collectors of Roman coins. It has a glossary, notes on collecting 1A1C-7. $75. Roman coins, weU-iUustrated descriptions of the denominations and reverse types, a listing, map and disrussion of the mints, Volume VIII. The hmity of Con.bnllne I, A.D. 337-364. dating the coins, and an extensive listing of books on Roman 650 p. + 27 plates and a puli-oul 01 busts. IRIC.a. $175. coins. The sections on Repubican and hnperatorial coins have VOlUme IX. V.lentinian I - Theodoalua I. 334 p. + been extensively revised and references to the latest volumes 16 pl. 'RIC·9. $75. of Roman Imperial Coinage are included in the Imperial section. There is a biography and portrait coin photo for each ruler. A representative sample of the coins with updated values makes Thomas P. McKenna this the most used and referenced catalog. This new edition has 400 pages and over 900 pl'otographs. P.o. Box 1356-F Fort Collins, CO 80522 Order #8·7. $49.50 plus $4 postage. POSTAGE is'$4 per order For U.S.P.S. "Special Handling" add $2 XXVI The Celator . 'September 1988

Special Orrer: RIC I: $89; 2,3,9.: Ancient Coins with personalized $69 each; 4: $109; 6&7: $59 each; 8: service. Latest list free upon request. $159. Postpaid Stoffel Vogelaar, Conservative grading. James Miller, Mulrany, Westport, (Mayo), Ireland. 105-2 Sherwood Cr., Minot AFB, NO Rates: 58704. - $5.00 for the first 20 words, 20¢ each add~ional word. Special Orrer: Seaby's "Roman Greek, Roman, Medieval coins. Silver Coins" Vols. 14: $27.50 each; Monthly catalogs with very reason­ vol. 5: $29.50. Set of 5: $122.50. able prices and discounts issued for 21 Archaeology, Antiquities, an· Coins --- Roman Republic, Roman "Roman Coins & Their Values" new years. Francis J. Rath. Box 266. cient numismatics. Hundreds of Imperial, and Greek. Reasonable expanded ed. $47.50 all postpaid. Youngstown, NY 14174. prices. Free list: P.l., P.O. Box 2255. books stocked. access to many more. Stoffel Vogelaar, Mulrany, West­ Pinellas Park, FL 34664 Alexander to Zenobia. Want list port, Mayo, Ireland. inquiries promptly answered. Cata· Keeping Ancient Rome Alh'e. Ancient Greek and Roman coins. logue S1.00. ANS. ANA. Albert A Bi-monthly journal devoted to Roman Coins, Imperial, Colonial, ancient Rome and its influence. Buy or Bid format. Free Iisls. Leibs. Drawer 460 Oriskany, NY and Provincial. Write for Free price PANTHEON, P.O. Box 730051. 13424. Subscriptions $5 ($3 after 6/30). lists. Simon Cordova, P.O. Box Sample copy $1. 27824 Hummingbird Royal Oak, MI 48073·0051; (313) 2096, Citrus Heights, CA 95611- 583·3268. YOU MAYOBTAlN CL, Hayward, CA 94545-4042. LARGE TAX REFUNDS 2096. by donating your Wplicate coins and Reducing Collection: Send SASE stamps to help handicapped children. For free useful Inlormation and the I'I9W 1985 Have Several denarii of Trajan in for list of inexpensive antiquities and rules (written by a tax-attomey) write: Fine condition, full legends. $30.00 Aug. 88 ~ Trivia Answer: coins. David Karstaedt, RI. I, Box - ~E _NUMISM~"C INSTITUTE each. The Centurion, P.O. Box 06704, "Leucas" 25-8, Clear Spring. MD 21722. P.o. Box 7476 r.h I 60680 Portland, OR 97206.

DAVID AMSTER ~ ", ;qu i "~ - Old. Now Ww'd FRANK STERNBERG ANCIENT A It T nCitm f. Medi~ VII I & ModHn Colnf Numismalist nriqve Scales, Insrr umenu, Schanzengasse 10, CH-8001 SAN. Museum quality Greek, Roman, Collectib/~f ZUrich, Switzerland A.NA and Etruscan antiqu~ies II ~ Objects in Many Media tel. 011252.30.88 ppro;sen and Aucf;onevs V.N.A. at affordable prices.

Authenticity Unconditionally Guaranteed • Allciellt Coins <~ • Buy - Sell call or wr~e fot a free list Bought and Sold & of current inventory JOEL MALTER Co. COINS AND MEDALS • Free Lists w~h oolor photos Please inI:Ic:al8 spec:ific interests 16661 Ventura Blvd., Suite 518 Ancient, Medieval and Modem Royal Numismatics Encino, CA 91436 USA NUM1SMATlC UTERATURE P.o. Box 7699 1637 WEST CHASE GEMS, CAMEOS, JEWELRY MAIL: P. O. Box 777, Roanoke, VA 24019 CHICAGO, IL 60626 Ancient to Modem Encino, CA 91316 USA (703) 362·5750 evenings 312-743-2091 (818) 784·7772 or 784·2181 AUCTION SALES

JWimt Artifacts (}ifJ'{J) 'RJflSf&.Jf1 PEGASI COINS P.o. Box 4207 &: CDtns 1R&.:RSUR&.5 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Ancient Coins Phone: (313) 434-3856 MEHRDAD and Antiquities Classical numismatist SUIIing begin.. ners through tulWUlCed collectors. Send SADIGH /'JJ. for free illustrated catalog. Specify: 303 5th Ave. 7910 Woodmont Ave. • Quality Ancients: Choice and The Time Suite 1104 scarce coins over $1 00. Room #1515 Bethe5daJ.!"AD 20814 Machine Co. 301-6::04-0470 • Bargain Ancients: Attrac1ive New York NY anCients (not junk) under $150. 10016 Rne Archaeological • Medieval Coins: Hammered MandCoins European from 500 to 1650 A.D. • Anllqultles: Ar1~ads (other 800-426-2007 P.O. Box 282 - Flushing Sla. j\RGOS than coins) from Stone Age Queens, NY 11367 through Renaissance periods. (718) 544·2708 ~UMISMATlCS Want hIS serviced. CcnsuitatKJns available. 212-725-7537 ~s IIIId eslate evaluations petfrJmled. Attractive Quality Adive buy8' 01 aImaterial . Greek & Roman Ancient Coins Price Lists Auction Representation Ancient Artifacts "'~~ Want List Service AlWays Modetafeo/ Priced· Free Catalog Jonathall K. Kern P. O. Box 4093 • (213) P. O. Box 4102 Bachelor of Arts Torrance, CA 90510 544-6399 Numismatics Clifton, NJ 07012 Ancient, Medieval, Early S.P.Q.R. American Numismatics EVENINGS 1" ;!. -, (301 ) 876-71<4001" ,lOt ,"". (301) 235-1696 ancienll!t rare coins < ' .. udo· .. m ..... h'1I1 HELlOS I' .... I"" \87 nt' n.~. 10"080 G I" , .. " ",. 'u...... Olel 7Vorlel !7InbfUllieJ <. reek • BY1.antine AnclenrGfook, Roman. Egyptian. Etc. Koman • Judacan Mlacts. Bronzes, StabJettes, THE ~~;::.~!;;RION ponery, Amulets • Send lor free list 444 S. Ashland PORTLAND, OREGON 91'2 06 8 Member: Antiquities Dfla/ers Assoc. Lexington, KY 40502 P.O. Box 25 A NCIENT COIN I,ho,u· (91'"'1""\<) ·lCl"oU . (606) 269·1614 D2 "".""". ...",., '''' ,." ..."" '''~ ."n., " , ,. ". , .. 11i..;i; ' ...;i; ' "W;K"",lm;;:Ina~'';:M",'"M iii.i"'.;ii"i;i',,.... =.I .: The Celator September 1988 XXVII

_. elf· Coln"~BooJ(~·· )

QUALITY ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL & ENGLISH ANCIENT ANCIENT COINS AND tttmpire COINS ANTIQUITIES Harlan J. Berk, Ltd.

. announces their 55th Buy or Bid Sale, Closing October 19, 1988. Listed below is a small selection from the 491 Lots available in the catalogue which also features a section on Antiquities. Call or write for your free copy today I

8 - ~

- I) 94

1. l VOlA, before Croesus; 650-561 Be, 1/12 EL Stater, 1.15g; 5-3402. Trlakele, 64. SICILY SYRACUSE, AGATHOKLES: 317-289 BC, Tetradrad'im; S-972. Head eounteml3rk on Obv. About IJF ...... 875 of PefsephonelNike erecting ttop h ~ . Pe rlectlt centered and 01 tile best 4. LVOlA, CROESUS; 561-546 Be, Babylonian or Heavy Gold Stal8r, to.SIIg. This Syracuaarutyle. EF ...... 5000 Issue I. 01 extreme rarity and is the flrst lu UG of Klng CronUII. A1lhough the 65. SICILY SYRACUSE, AGATHOI