Mohamed Bin Zayed Tawazun Technology & Innovation

A Specialised Journal on Military & Strategic Affairs - 49 th Year - Issue No. 595 AUGUST 2021

UAE-Saudi Relations: A Sustainable, Strategic Partnership

Mohamed bin Zayed THEON SENSORS and Attends Launch of HENSOLDT Contracted Egypt’s New Naval Base for Night Vision Capability Programme 2021 AUGUST

595

Issue No.

Tawazun Technology & Innovation: Engineering a Progressive Future 5 - 7 APRIL 2020 ADNEC, ABU DHABI, U.A.E www.isnrabudhabi.com 3 Editorial

One Trench Strategy

This coalition stands as a stumbling block in the face of the implementation of expansionist projects and conspiratorial plots of regimes, states, and terrorist organisations, including an undeclared evil coalition targeting Arab countries and people. The conspiracies of this evil coalition almost succeeded in sabotaging some Arab countries, but the vigilance and initiative of the UAE-Saudi Coalition have helped to By: spare the Arab countries more chaos, destruction, and ruin. The two brotherly coun- Staff Colonel / tries are currently supporting international efforts aimed at restoring peace and se- Yousef Juma Al Haddad curity in all Arab countries. Editor in Chief The UAE-Saudi Coalition is getting stronger and more immune every day by gaining [email protected] additional strength through continuous coordination, dialogue, and consultation between the leadership of the two countries on any transient events, circumstances, or developments. The leadership and people of the two brotherly countries believe that the coalition is an inevitable strategic choice imposed by history, principles, From time to time, common destiny, ties of brotherhood and religion, common interests, and challeng- allegations surface, es. Therefore, it is an indispensable strategic alternative to achieve the aspirations of the two brotherly people for sustainable security, stability, and prosperity. This was propagandising the confirmed by His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, during his news of conflict, recent visit to Riyadh, where he said that “the partnership between the UAE and Sau- crisis or tension di Arabia is strong and continuous in the interest of both countries and the whole region.” between the UAE However, these well-established facts don’t mean that the attempts of the conspirators to raise doubts will stop. They will persist, but they will not achieve their goals. and the Kingdom The “One Trench” strategy referred to by Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, serves as a road map for the Emirati-Saudi relations during the coming years and of Saudi Arabia. decades of the 21st century. Any observer of The growing strategic relations between the UAE and Saudi Arabia are based on solid and deep-rooted foundations that range from brotherhood, solidarity, com- Gulf and Arab mon destiny, to respect and mutual appreciation. The UAE believes that the King- dom of Saudi Arabia is the essential mainstay of the region’s security and stability. It affairs recognises is a safety valve against the risks and threats to the region in view of its wise, bal- that there are anced, and firm policy under the leadership of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. many haters of The relations of the two brotherly countries were, are and will remain strong and solid. The UAE and Saudi Arabia stand together, with strength and determination, in the Emirati-Saudi one ‘trench,’ in the face of forces that threaten the security of the countries of the re- coalition. gion and the right of their people to development, progress and prosperity. We may cite in this context the words of Prince Khalid Al-Faisal bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, advisor to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and Governor of Makkah Region, who said, “A Saudi is an Emirati, and an Emirati is a Saudi,” which shows the essence and nature of the brotherly relations between the two countries. Issued By UAE Armed Forces. Established In August 1971.

DSEI Panel Discusses 595 Space Travel, General Supervisor Commercialisation Chairman of the Administrative Council Staff Major General\ Salem Saeed Ghafan Al Jaberi Vice Chairman of the Administrative Council 08 Staff Brigadier General\ Ghanem Ali Al Ali Editor in Chief Staff Colonel\ Yousef Juma AL Haddad How Can Editorial Manger Lieutenant-Colonel\ Jamil Khamis Al AI be Used Saadi Editorial Secretary Ethically in Husain Al Mannaee Layout & Design Defence? Moza Al Ali Ahmed Mahmmoud Advertisement Nada Al Shateri Sakha Pramod 31 ● The views expressed in Nation Shield Journal are not necessar- IBC ROSOBORONEXPORT 61 DUBAI AIRSHOW 2021 ily shared by, nor should they DSEI 2021 EXPODEFENSA 2021 be taken as the views of Nation 11 65 Shield Journal. 19 UMEX/SIMTEX 2022 73 ADIHEX 2021 ● The publication of advertise- 21 DIACC 2021 89 EDEX 2021 ments does not in any way im- ply endorsement by the Nation Shield Journal. ● All rights reserved. New B-21 Raider Artist 40 Rendering Released

GE,Safran to Develop UAE-Saudi Sustainable Relations: Jet Engine A Sustainable, Strategic Partnership 48 74

70 90 Drones: A Revolution in Quantum Versatility, Variants Keep C295 Military Affairs? on Top 6 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Events Mohamed bin Zayed Attends Launch of Egypt’s New Naval Base

His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, attended the inauguration of the ‘July 3 Naval Base’, located in Gargoub area in Egypt’s north- west coast. The facility was inaugurated by Egypt’s President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi on July 3.

His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed congratulated witness this milestone and I’m confident in Egypt’s contin- President El-Sisi, the government and people of Egypt on ued development.” the inauguration of the vital military base, wishing the coun- A video published by the military said the July 3 Naval Base is try further progress and prosperity. the latest to fulfil the combat missions of the Egyptian North- Sheikh Mohamed also conveyed the greetings and congrat- ern Fleet to confront security challenges and to protect ulations of President His Highness Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Egyptian resources along the country’s regional water in the Al Nahyan to the Egyptian president. Mediterranean Sea. “The inauguration of the ‘July 3 Naval Base’ in Egypt is an The base extends over an area of over 10 million square me- achievement that reflects progress in vital sectors in the tres and has a unique geographic location that achieves more country, under the leadership of my brother Abdel Fattah El- additional capabilities for securing the northern coasts. Its fa- Sisi,” Mohamed bin Zayed wrote on Twitter. “I was pleased to cilities conform to the code of the global military bases. 7

Furthermore, the base includes 74 facilities and contains several combat units, operations centre, joint exercise centre, seven training fields and a military pier at a length of 1,000 metres and a depth of 14 metres. The base includes several commercial piers at a length of 2,200 metres and a depth of 17 metres and a watchtower for the port at a height of 29 metres. It also features two break- waters at a length of 3,650 metres, a medical point, fences with monitoring cameras and gates with tough barriers. The July 3 Naval Base is an integrated military facility that forms a launching base to protect the security interests of Egypt. 8 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Events DSEI Panel Discusses Space Travel, Commercialisation

What will the space landscape look like in 2040? How is the importance of space to a country’s prosperity likely to change by 2040 and beyond? What scenarios are most likely and what will influence which scenarios prevail?

These are among several key topics covered in the fourth epi- capabilities such as surveillance and satellite tracking for civil sode of the DSEI Integrated Space series “Space in 2040,” use and the accessibility to knowledge and technology. which looks at the space domain in twenty years’ time through Individual Level the lens of current trends and the educated predictions of in- As new actors continue to enter and operate in the space do- dustry, academic and defence subject experts. main, Dr Mathew Broadhead, Space Programme Senior Prin- DSEI is the world leading event that brings together the glob- cipal Adviser at the Defence Science and Technology Labora- al defence and security sector to innovate and share knowl- tory (DSTL), expects that in the future access to space tech- edge. DSEI represents the entire supply chain. nology will be available on an individual level. Hosted by DSEI Space Adviser Dr Michael Holden, the panel “It is a big area. In the last 20 years the commercial arena in discusses the commercialisation of space, the use of defence space has made money out of parts of what was uniquely a 9

defence enterprise. The interesting future trend is the diversity of access to space. Earlier large space agencies were involved, now we see universities and classrooms within schools getting DSEI 2021 is scheduled to access to the space capabilities. Over the next 20 years why not smartphone-enabled access of satellites at an individual lev- take place from Sept. 14-17 el?” comments Dr Broadhead. The DSTL, which celebrated its 20th anniversary on 2 July 2021, is an executive agency of the UK’s Ministry of Defence (MOD) providing expertise and delivering cutting-edge science and technology. Panel explores potential risks DSTL’s research in space will enable the UK to monitor, direct caused by dual use of space and protect UK interests through increasing space domain awareness and the establishment of UK-built Intelligence, Sur- technology veillance and Reconnaissance satellite constellation and a supporting digital backbone. On the topic of space travel, SpaceX VP of Commercial Sales, Tom Ochinero, talks about the company’s ambition to enable space travel and ultimately help build a sustainable city on Space Station, exchanged cargo payloads, and returned safe- Mars. ly to Earth — a technically challenging feat previously accom- “It is tough to predict 20 years. We look forward to sustainable plished only by governments. city on Mars, big presence on the Moon and all economies en- Since then Dragon has delivered cargo to and from the space tail to sustain people on both locations. SpaceX focuses on station multiple times, providing regular cargo resupply mis- building transportation. Lots of interesting opportunities are sions for NASA. awaited,” he says. SpaceX completed five test flights of its Starship interplane- SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches the world’s most tary transporter this year and has scheduled to go orbital in advanced rockets and spacecraft. The company was founded the next couple of months. in 2002 by Elon Musk to revolutionise space transportation, On the lines of Elon Musk’s vision to make humankind a multi- with the ultimate goal of making life multiplanetary. planetary species, SpaceX aims to operate in a regular flight SpaceX has gained worldwide attention for a series of historic schedule where passengers can catch a morning or after- milestones. It is the only private company ever to return a noon flight. spacecraft from low-Earth orbit, which it first accomplished in Increased Funding December 2010. The company made history again in May Success in this sector has also inspired venture capitalists who 2012 when its Dragon spacecraft attached to the International have increased funding in the last 18 months, according to POWERING PROGRESS 10 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Events DEFINING YOUR FUTURE

‘Space in 2040’ series looks at space domain in 20 years’ time

A group of UK space tech companies are developing a new beam-hopping satellite SpaceX has completed 5 test flights of Starship interplanetary transporter 1414-17−17 SeptemberSEPTEMBER 2021 2021 EXCEL, LONDON

achieving commercial scale by creating tangible outcomes beyond simply funding. The DSEI panel also explores the potential risks caused by dual use of space technology. Dr Broadhead highlights the need to understand the role of space operations such as Intelligence, Surveillance and Re- connaissance (ISR) and satellite communications for forces on the ground to fully comprehend the risks. He suggests that “the risk needs to carry over to the users of those services and how they then prosecute their military missions based on them.” AEROSPACE LAND NAVAL JOINT SECURITY On the subject of regulations and norms in space, experts dis- ZONE ZONE ZONE ZONE ZONE cuss the likeliness of an event driven future that would affect Seraphim Space Camp Accelerator Director Claudia Mendzil, other domains and generate public interest and political will who can see funds in the future being led by breakthroughs for change to happen. in space transportation and investing in space tourism and Policy is not keeping up with the operating environment, ac- DSEI TO RUN AS LIVE EVENT the lunar economy. cording to Dr Malcolm Macdonald, Director of Applied Space As part of the live event we will be launching DSEI Connect – a new “Seraphim has been investing in space companies for a num- Technology Laboratory at Strathclyde University, who argues digital offering designed to give you ﬂ exibility and accessibility. ber of years now. There is great opportunity and we think the that complete agreement on rules is very challenging given trend will continue as space becomes better known and current circumstances. Grow your network, access live and on demand content and view technology improves,” she says. The university’s Strathclyde Space Institute (SSI) is a cross-fac- supply chain listings BEFORE, DURING and POST the event. Seraphim Space Camp is the UK’s first dedicated accelerator ulty, multi-disciplinary institute developing frontier research programme for start-ups in the SpaceTech industry. on innovative concepts and solutions for present and future Launched by Seraphim Capital, one of the world’s leading space systems, aerospace transport, satellite applications, the venture capital funds specialising exclusively in SpaceTech sustainable exploitation and exploration of space and physics investment, Space Camp is backed by both the UK and Euro- in space and from space. FIND OUT MORE & REGISTER TODAY: WWW.DSEI.CO.UK/REGISTER2021 pean Space Agencies as well as by corporate partners. The mandate of the SSI is to foster and coordinate the devel- The Space Camp value proposition is designed to attract the opment of space science and engineering at Strathclyde and ‘best of breed‘ high growth technology companies that are support the growth of the space sector in Scotland and the Supported by Follow us on Organised by best addressing the biggest challenges facing corporates UK. and the wider SpaceTech industry, and to support them in Reference Text/Photo: www.dsei.co.uk

DSEI @DSEI_event POWERING PROGRESS 11 DEFINING YOUR FUTURE

1414-17−17 SeptemberSEPTEMBER 2021 2021 EXCEL, LONDON

AEROSPACE LAND NAVAL JOINT SECURITY ZONE ZONE ZONE ZONE ZONE DSEI TO RUN AS LIVE EVENT As part of the live event we will be launching DSEI Connect – a new digital offering designed to give you ﬂ exibility and accessibility. Grow your network, access live and on demand content and view supply chain listings BEFORE, DURING and POST the event.

FIND OUT MORE & REGISTER TODAY: WWW.DSEI.CO.UK/REGISTER2021

Supported by Follow us on Organised by

DSEI @DSEI_event 12 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Interview Engineering a Progressive Future

In an interview, Shamma Za’al Al Hemeiri, Aerospace Engineer – Tawazun Technology & Innovation (TTI), discusses career choices and how Emirati women’s unlimited ambitions and positive outlook is paving the way for a prosperous and progressive future. Excerpts:

As a female engineer, what challenges did you face when you joined this traditionally male-dominated profession? None. 50 years ago, things would have been very different for a woman entering this profession, but since the creation of the UAE, Emirati women have opportunities that were just not possible before. We have come a long way. Yes, there are Shamma Za’al Al Hemeiri some challenges, but these are mainly related to the project Aerospace Engineer – TTI itself, and we usually work as a team to find solutions and overcome them. the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who recognised Why did you choose aerospace engineering? that women are as essential to our country’s growth and de- Ever since I was a little child, I have been fascinated and ex- velopment as men. It is a legacy that our leadership cherish- cited by science. After graduating high school, I chose to es, recognises and encourages. study aerospace engineering as I saw it as a field that I could The government’s policies and strategies have opened be passionate and excited about. It has given me the oppor- doors of opportunity for women and instilled a spirit of re- tunity to have a fulfilling and successful career in an area in sponsibility, achievement, and a desire for excellence. It is an which I excel. exciting to be a woman in the UAE. The UAE has made great strides in women’s empower- How proud are you when serving your country through ment. How has this influenced your choice to pursue a this unique field? career in engineering? Thanks to our leadership, we can benefit from our education It has had a huge influence. Without the recognition of wom- system, which is ranked as one of the world’s best. The Emira- en as being a valuable and equal part of society, the choice of ti youth are eager to serve their country and to contribute to aerospace engineer would not have been available to me. I realising the vision and aspirations of our leadership. think this is a direct result of the legacy passed down from How is Tawazun Technology & Innovation supporting 13 Engineering a Progressive Future

you in developing your skills as an engineer? Tawazun Technology & Innovation is a champion of women’s empowerment. They provide the perfect environment In the UAE, we have female for us to innovate and stand out. At TTI, we are very fortu- ministers, doctors, teachers, nate to work on unique and advanced projects, providing us with an opportunity to further enhance our knowledge, and astronauts, we are skills, and experiences. It is an absolute honour and source of great personal pride to present in every role across be part of such projects. It is unique and rare to get the expo- every industry sure to the latest disruptive technology. I find it hugely en- couraging and motivating that the management at TTI is so dedicated to helping Emirati talent. They are committed to developing and supporting all Emirati youth in the organisation as they see that we are an integral part of the business growth and development. How can women further grow their role in the country’s I would advise them to work hard to reach their goals, to uti- development? lise the opportunities available, to aim for success with every I think we are already doing it. Women are half the society, step they take and to always remember; where there is a will and whether we are working in the marketplace or at home, there is a way. we are daily adding value and serving our country. The theme of this year Emirati Women’s Day is “Women: In the UAE, we have female ministers, doctors, teachers, and Ambitions & Inspiration for Next 50 Years.” What does it astronauts, we are present in every role across every industry. mean to you? These are women who have worked hard to be where they I think the theme embodies Emirati women’s unlimited am- are, and they are occupying high-ranking positions. bitions and their positive outlook for a prosperous and pro- I do not think you can underestimate the value either of gressive future. Looking forward for the next 50 years really those women who are at home raising the future generation allows us to look back at the same time and see where we of achievers who will ensure our countries future prosperity. have come from and be grateful for the changes that have That is equally important. been made by those in positions of power, that allow Emirati What advice you can give to the young women who as- women to stand here today, and look forward to another 50 pire to make a career in engineering? years of excellence, growth, and achievement. 14 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Interview Building a Stronger and Safer Middle East

Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) is looking forward to Sharon Biton, Vice President Marketing, IAI build and deepen cooperation with UAE partners and local defence vendors to broaden the levels of co-development and co-production of systems and provide added IAI applauds the value when facing challenges posed by the modern battlefield and world of aviation. Excerpts from an interview normalisation agreements with Sharon Biton, Vice President Marketing, IAI. What are IAI’s major products relevant to the UAE? signed by Israel, UAE, and IAI is Israel’s largest and leading company in the fields of de- other countries in the region fence, aviation, aerospace, intelligence, and cyber, with combat-proven systems among the most advanced in the world. IAI stands in line with world leaders in these fields and has a wide portfolio of products. IAI will showcase a wide variety Peshin. Overall, we believe that CyberTech was an excellent of strategic defence systems using interactive scenarios at opportunity to engage with stakeholders in Dubai, and to the 2021 Dubai Airshow including Multi-Mission Aircraft further promote the collaboration and relationship be- System, VTOL UAS by Blue Bird Aero Systems, various satel- tween our two countries. We consequently also participat- lites electrical optics payloads and missiles. In addition, IAI ed in the GISEC conference and exhibition and are looking will present new cyber systems, and MRO and passenger to forward to many more events in the UAE in the near future. freighter conversions capabilities. What are IAI’s plans for Dubai Airshow 2021? IAI participated in a big way at the CyberTech exhibition The 2021 Dubai Airshow will provide an excellent opportu- in Dubai. How was the experience? nity for IAI to showcase comprehensive technologies and CyberTech Dubai was one of the first in-person exhibitions integrated solutions at all arenas in aerospace, military, na- held since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, it val, homeland security, cybersecurity, and civil aviation so- was an exhilarating experience for us to attend the event. IAI lutions. IAI applauds the normalisation agreements signed invested a lot of effort in participating in CyberTech, includ- by Israel, UAE, and other countries in the region, agree- ing hosting a large booth and sending a delegation of lead- ments that open a window for extended cooperation, sharing experts headed by me. We also participated in several ing of knowledge, promoting investment, development, events at the conference, including a lecture by our VP and and localisation of joint technology. The 2021 Dubai Air- General Manager of the Cyber Division at IAI’s ELTA, Esti show will serve as an opportunity to build and expand a 15

BlueBird Wander B UAV long-lasting strategic partnership with our neighbouring nations. The IAI booth will be located in a central location of the expo, alongside other Israeli companies in the Israeli pavil- ion. IAI will present some of the latest and most advanced defence solutions, featuring the latest technologies in military aviation, air defence and missiles systems, unmanned systems, special mission aircraft, radars, and cyber technol- Oron multi-mission intelligence-gathering aircraft ogy. The systems on display will include elctro-optics payloads, VTOL UAS by Blue Bird Aero Systems, and a Multi-Mis- sion Aircraft. In addition, we will display various satellites, most its ability to be flexible and tailor its system of systems MRO and passenger to freighter conversions capabilities, to different customers according to their differing needs. cyber abilities, and many more systems. Secondly, IAI’s systems are combat-proven. Finally, we have How does IAI see the future of the partnership with the experience in cooperating with local vendors and bringing UAE? added value to a local ecosystem. IAI sees the UAE as a lead- IAI is excited to build and deepen cooperation with UAE er among the Gulf states and is ready to partner with the partners and other local defence vendors and use the mo- UAE and other partners to create new solutions to the ever- mentum of the Abraham Accords to broaden the levels of changing environment. Together, we have a brighter future. co-development and co-production of systems that will ca- The relationship IAI shares with Nation Shield and UAE ter to the needs of our Emirati costumers and give them has been progressively strengthening. Kindly comment. added value when facing the challenges posed by the IAI is looking forward to participating in the 2021 Dubai Air- modern battlefield and world of aviation. IAI sees in the show and strengthening our relations and cooperation with UAE a strategic partner, and our cooperation will help build local entities. One of the new partnerships we are develop- a safer and stronger Middle East. ing is with Nation Shield – a high-quality publication which The 2021 Dubai Airshow is a harbinger of long-term activity has given us a platform to showcase our products and ad- in the UAE and in the region as a whole. IAI sees our activity vancements to various markets across the region, and to in the region as an opportunity to promote cooperation connect with new partners. As security threats evolve and within the regional eco-system and is open to promoting we find ourselves faced with similar challenges to the UAE, defence as well as civilian endeavours on a range of topics, we are excited to bring our minds and abilities together to including space and satellites, air defence and rocketry, in- create new solutions. IAI sees Nation Shield as supporting telligence, robotics, UAVs, cyber, etc. the region’s defence community, and we look forward to fu- IAI’s advantages over other companies are first and fore- ture presence in the magazine. 16 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 News HENSOLDT Wins Billion-dollar PEGASUS Contract HENSOLDT was recently awarded a contract by the German HENSOLDT acts as general contractor and is also responsible Federal Office of Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Tech- for the production of the entire reconnaissance technology. nology and In-Service Support (BAAINBw) to supply the air- Lufthansa Technik, based in Hamburg, is responsible for the borne electronic signals intelligence system PEGASUS. procurement of the aircraft from the manufacturer Bombar- “PEGASUS is of great industrial policy importance for Germa- dier and their modification. Altogether, almost 30 companies, ny as a high-tech location. The overall responsibility for the many of them medium-sized, from all over Germany are in- system lies in Germany and the value creation largely takes volved in the project as suppliers and partners. place through national companies,” said HENSOLDT CEO Thomas Müller. “PEGASUS forms the core for a sovereign reconnaissance network and the basis for future capability development in the field of self-protection and electronic warfare,” added Celia Pelaz, HENSOLDT’s head of strategy and head of the Spectrum Dominance and Airborne Solutions Division. The contract for the development, production, and integration of the signal-capturing reconnaissance system PEGASUS, including the three Bombardier Global 6000 aircraft and associated evaluation stations, was announced in a scaled down ceremony due to COVID-19 restrictions.

Kratos to Develop Hypersonic Flight Experiment Test Vehicle

Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. recently an- formed at a secure Kratos facility in Glen Burnie and oth- nounced that its Defense & Rocket Support Services er vendor locations, bringing new jobs to Maryland. (DRSS) Division has received a contract from the U.S. Dave Carter, President of DRSS, said: “Our Hypersonic Navy Surface Warfare Center Port Hueneme Divi- Flight Experiment Test Vehicle is a next generation sion, White Sands Detachment, to develop a solution based on proven sounding rocket tech- hypersonic, experimental test vehicle to per- nology that will allow for the conduct of rapidly form flight tests for the maturation of high- fielded flight experiments for hypersonic speed flight technology for missile de- technologies such as propulsion, thermal fence and hypersonics research. protection systems, seeker windows, Kratos DRSS is a leading provider of control systems, and more.” products and solutions in support The mission of this flight experiment of ballistic missile targets, hyper- vehicle will be to support the devel- sonic systems, sub-orbital re- opment of innovative and en- search, sounding rockets, di- abling technologies for urgent rected energy and laser requirements by providing programme systems. flight tests and demonstra- Work under this con- tion opportunities in rele- tract will be per- vant environments. 17

MBDA to Upgrade UK Royal Navy Type 45 Destroyers

MBDA has been awarded several contracts to upgrade the air the Sea Viper C2 will get a technology upgrade, giving it an in- and missile defence capabilities of the UK Royal Navy’s six crease in processing power. Type 45 destroyers. CAMM has already been delivered to both the British Army The work will see CAMM (Common Anti-air Modular Missile) and the Royal Navy, where it is the interceptor in both ground- paired with an upgraded Sea Viper command and control (C2) based air defence (GBAD) and naval-based air defence (NBAD) system for the first time. CAMM offers close-in and local-area systems, enabling these services to equip missiles from a air defence, and will com- shared stockpile. plement Aster 30, strength- In service on upgraded ening the anti-air defence Royal Navy Type 23 frig- capability of the Royal ates, CAMM will also be Navy. fitted to Type 26 and Type Fitting CAMM onto the 31 in the future. The Type 45s will give the de- CAMM family has proven stroyers a 50 per cent in- a rapid success with inter- crease in the number of its national customers, with air defence missiles. Instal- Canada and Brazil among lation will be via 24 addi- the new users ordering tional launcher cells, and the missile this year. Elettronica and Rohde & Schwarz Cooperate for German RCESM/RECM Systems Elettronica (ELT) and Rohde & Schwarz have signed a coop- tional awareness to the fore. eration agreement for the conception and delivery of radar ELT and Rohde & Schwarz will continue their R&D spending and communication electronic support measures (RCESM)/ in this area to offer customers modern and reliable technolo- radar electronic countermeasures (RECM) in Germany, with a gy in the future. Under the cooperation agreement, both focus on German naval programmes. The RCESM/RECM companies have agreed to seek complementing contribu- technology solution bring high reliability and strong situations based on their existing solutions within their portfolios. “We are delighted to strengthen our cooperation with ELT,” explained Bosco Novak, Executive Vice President, Technology Systems, Rohde & Schwarz. “We expect that this cooperation will bring additional benefits to our customers.” “ELT and Rohde & Schwarz have already successfully co-operated in the past and are now taking the next logical step by joining forces to take full advantage of our joint capacities,” added Domitilla Benigni CEO/ COO, Elettronica Group. “We strongly believe in this collaboration between two companies that are an ex- pression of European technological excellence. Col- laborating makes us more competitive and improves our respective engineering skills.” 18 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Rosoboronexport Inks Deals Worth €1 B at MAKS-2021 Rosoboronexport JSC (part of the Rostec State Corpora- 76MD-90A(E) military transport aircraft, IL-78MK-90A tanker tion) recently participated at the MAKS-2021 Interna- aircraft, Mi-28NE and Ka-52 attack helicopters, Mi-171Sh mil- tional Air Show, held in Zhukovsky, Russia, where it itary transport and Ka-226T multi-purpose helicopters, as signed 13 export contracts worth over €1 billion for the well as air defence systems, including the Pantsir-S1 supply of Russian military products. SPAAGM system. Alexander Mikheev, Director General of Rosoboronexport, During talks on the sidelines of the air show, Rosoboronex- said: “Following the results of MAKS-2021, the Su- port discussed industrial partnership in the field of joint and 30SME fighters, Mi-35M and Mi-17V-5 helicopters, the Pro- licensed production of Russian combat aircraft and helicop- tivnik-GE radar, Verba MANPADS, as well as advanced air ters, as well as modernisation of previously delivered aircraft weapons, a number of armoured and automotive vehicles equipment with customers from the Asia-Pacific region, the have been added to the company’s order book and Russian Middle East, Latin America, Africa, and the CIS. defence manufacturers’ production plans.” “Rosoboronexport’s partners became interested in the new- The Su-30SME aircraft ensures effective Air Defence Missile est Checkmate light tactical aircraft unveiled by Rostec at System (ADMS) penetration. It demonstrates great combat MAKS-2021. Several customers were shown its prototype capabilities due to significant delivered combat payload. and even given the opportunity to sit in its cockpit. They Moreover, it has a super maneuvrability feature that gives Su- praised its characteristics,” Mikheev added. 30SME an advantage over enemy aircraft. In addition, Rosoboronexport and Technodinamika signed While Verba MANPADS is the latest Russian Man-Portable Air- joint programmes to promote parachute equipment and re- Defence System (MANPADS) with enhanced capabilities search and development services in the external market. when firing at targets with low levels of thermal radiation and The signing ceremony was attended by Russia’s Deputy a reduced consumption of missiles when destroying various Prime Minister Yuri Borisov, Minister of Industry and Trade, targets. Denis Manturov, and Rostec CEO Sergey Chemezov. At the show, Rosoboronexport held presentations of aircraft, helicopters, air defence and electronic warfare systems for Rosoboronexport held more than 30 delegations from 20 countries. During the ne- gotiations at MAKS-2021, the company’s foreign partners presentations for more than 30 also expressed interest in acquiring MiG-35D fighters, IL- delegations from 20 countries 19 20 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Tailor-made Solutions for Defence in 21st Century

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED ARAB EMIRATES By Jackson Schneider, President and CEO, MINISTRY OF DEFENCE AIR FORCE & AIR DEFENCE Embraer Defense and Security

In a world that is in constant transformation, every company must quickly adapt and respond to rapidly changing scenarios. These scenarios include new technologies, communication formats, relationships, economic flows, environmental concerns, and geopolitical trends, all of which are re-shaping the world. Companies must be ready to attend customer’s needs, and in the defence segment, it is no different.

Investments in defence innovation have been extremely fruitful in generating benefits for the private sector in several countries, with visible and tangible effects. This can be seen in the experience of highly qualified workers originating from military academies or research institutes that work on cut- Jackson Schneider ting-edge projects for private companies. To meet these new demands and challenges, Embraer has made investments to offer the best market solutions that go well beyond the aircraft, with customised solutions for air, Embraer has become the land, sea, space, and cyber. Known worldwide by our aircraft, “Defence House of Brazil” and a such as the multi-mission C-390 Millennium and the light- attack A-29 Super Tucano, Embraer continues to focus on the relevant player in the market aeronautic and defence sectors, but is also open to opportunities for more diversification, partnerships, and even new businesses. ing new threats, such as the even more intensive use of cy- Looking forward to future projects, we have signed two ber and space technology, autonomous applications, and memorandums of understanding (MoU) with the Brazilian Air artificial intelligence to attack, influence, or defend coun- Force (FAB). The first was established for a study of the poten- tries, companies, and citizens. These new threats create a tial development of a short take-off utility transport (STOUT) growing need for cybersecurity solutions. powered by hybrid-electric propulsion. The second is a coop- Therefore, recognising the demand for sophisticated cyber- eration for the study of the necessary capabilities for the con- security solutions for defence, Embraer acquired Brazil- ceptual design and development of advanced unmanned based Tempest Security Intelligence, a complete solution combat aerial vehicle (UCAV). Embraer has also signed an provider for business protection in the digital world. With agreement with ELTA Systems Ltd (ELTA) to introduce the more than 50 years in the aerospace industry, Embraer has P600 AEW&C, designed to provide airborne early warning become the “Defence House of Brazil” and a relevant player capabilities using the super-midsize Praetor 600 business jet in the market. With unique and innovative solutions, Em- platform. braer is ready to better meet the needs of the global defence In terms of new trends, we are seeing the defence sector fac- market. 21

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED ARAB EMIRATES MINISTRY OF DEFENCE AIR FORCE & AIR DEFENCE 22 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports

Abu Dhabi Aviation Leases 2 AW139 Abu Dhabi Aviation (ADA) recently The aircraft will be used said Dr Mark Pierotti, Director of signed a five-year contract for two Commercial Department, Abu AW139 helicopters with Bestfly Air- to support operations in Dhabi Aviation. craft Management in Luanda, Angola. oil & gas, and transport Over the years, ADA has been buy- The aircraft will be used to support oping additional aircraft and expand- erations in oil & gas, and transport in in Angola ing the size of its fleet. The compa- Angola. The contact signed with Best ny has also been increasing foreign Fly Aircraft Management took place in operations in many regions around Luanda, Angola, and the delivery and hand over of the air- the world. ADA is currently operating in Zambia, Spain, Malay- craft took place in Leonardo’s factory in Italy. sia, and Nigeria. It has had past operations in Brazil, Cyprus, Ashraf Fahmy, CFO of Abu Dhabi Aviation said: “Abu Dhabi Afghanistan, Kenya, Cameroon, among others. Further, Aviation carefully selects its overseas partners based on pro- Pierotti added, “Subsidiaries of Abu Dhabi Aviation, such as fessionalism, honesty, integrity, ambition and drive for ex- Royal Jet for private aviation, Maximus for air cargo, and the pansion and growth. I had the pleasure of meeting Bestfly’s Abu Dhabi Aviation Training Center (ADTC) are working in owners and directors in person in the UAE and I am pleased clear harmony to achieve the company’s strategic goals.” to say that the meeting was a testimony of these qualities. At Furthermore, Lee Pace Senior Manager Airworthiness & Fleet ADA, we focus on long term relationships with our partners at Abu Dhabi Aviation said: “The addition of these two aircraft for the mutual success of our companies. I look forward to takes the total number of aircraft in the ADA fleet to over 64 witnessing the success of our partnership with Bestfly and to aircraft now in over seven countries.” our expansion in Angola and elsewhere.” Nuno Pereira, CEO and Managing Director of BestFly com- The signing for this contract is a part of ADA’s strategy to ex- mented: “Bestfly is very proud of this great achievement in pand its presence on the global arena. “60 per cent of the such a short time. We must truly thank ADA’s team for its company’s operations is with the oil & gas companies in and prompt and efficient response to our need. Bestfly is very outside the UAE, yet a part of ADA’s strategy is intended to proud of this achievement and believes that it is the first launch its operations in many regions around the world, es- step for the sustainable growth of its Oil and Gas Support pecially the Mediterranean, Africa, Asia, and South America,” operations.” 23 AIDTSEC 2021 to Spotlight AI in Defence Technology

The Special Operations Forces Exhibition and Confer- ence (SOFEX) Jordan recently launched AIDTSEC 2021 AIDTSEC 2021 will welcome more (The Artificial Intelligence in Defence Technologies and than 500 attendees from 34 Cyber Security Exhibition and Conference). The first edition of AIDTSEC will be held on 27 and 28 October at countries the King Hussein bin Talal Convention Centre. AIDTSEC 2021 is all set to welcome more than 500 attendees right from international investors and decision makers to military officials, and over 65 official delegates from 34 countries. AIDTSEC will highlight insights Established to be one of the region’s most significant AI that result from integrating conferences, AIDTSEC is a one-of-its-kind event that aims to be the platform for AI in Defence Technology and Cyber intelligent solutions to defence Security. It will bring together lead experts, innovators, and technologies start-ups to exchange expertise, strategies, and knowledge in driving forward real-world use of AI. The goal is to establish AIDTSEC as the place to be for all AI-related meetings, conferences, and exhibitions. prehensive and topical keynote speeches, panel discussions Through the mechanism of matchmaking, a group of over and concurrent sessions. 100 international and national exhibiting companies will AIDTSEC will emphasise on the insights that result from inte- be interacting with each other under one roof. The scientif- grating intelligent solutions to defence technologies. ic exhibition will set the stage for exhibitors to demonstrate Through the deployment of technologies such as machine and communicate their latest innovations and technolo- learning to defence machinery and equipment, the predic- gies to respond to future threats. tion of possible threat is more reliable, recognising unauthor- Counterparts of Cyber Security officials from leading coun- ised intrusions are more precise and the time to counterat- tries in Artificial Intelligence as well as international IT ex- tack becomes more efficient and effective. perts and professionals will shed light on how the emerg- Moreover, Jordanian start-ups and students’ university proj- ing trends in the fields of AI in Defence Technologies and ects in the field of Information Technology and Cyber Securi- Cyber Security will assist in securing a safer environment ty will also be in the spotlight. AIDTSEC 2021 will provide an for day-to-day, technology-related operations. opportunity for these students to exhibit and demonstrate Over 50 speakers will make this evident through four main their achievements to investors and decision-makers attend- scientific themes, 43 technical tracks and a series of coming the event. 24 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Technoday 2021: Arquus Emphasises Innovation

Recently, Arquus organised the third edition of the Tech- noday, a conference dedicated to innovation in the field of land defence. The company presented the results of the work carried out over the last two years in future-oriented areas ranging from power generation in operations to innovative support and maintenance solutions. The event provided the company an opportunity to present the progress of work in several fields, and to look ahead to the land mobility programmes of tomorrow. The two days also offered the chance to exchange ideas, com- pare points of view, answer questions and guide the work of Arquus engineers.

At the event, Arquus welcomed several military and civilian training in the technologies and major challenges of land personalities, who discussed the evolution of land combat systems engineering in highly technical fields. In this con- and the answers to the challenges facing Armies. This year, text, Arquus created in 2018 a teaching chair dedicated to Arquus focused on six major themes: energy transition, ro- defence innovation at ENSTA ParisTech. botisation, digitalisation, survivability, support, but also on Displaying Progress innovations in the industrial field through a workshop dedi- Arquus presented electric equipment on loan from Volvo cated to the innovative factory. Moreover, Arquus presented Construction Equipment: an electric compact excavator, a its everyday innovations, developed in its factories or in the wheel loader and a fast loader. The company exhibited a 100 field close to the forces. per cent electric D ZE truck on loan from Renault Trucks. This The event saw conferences being led by Philippe Divry, SVP new generation industrial vehicle has a GVW of 16 tonnes Group Trucks Strategy of the Volvo Group, and General Ber- and a maximum range of 400km. trand Boyard, Special Advisor to the President Emmanuel Le- These vehicles illustrate the technological and industrial vacher, in charge of European Affairs. strength of the Volvo Group, from which Arquus benefits be- For the first time, Arquus opened its doors to partner compa- yond its own research and expertise centres, but also the nies, with whom the company works hand-in-hand to ensure practical nature of the solutions Arquus offers for military ap- the improvement of its solutions and the development of plications. Based on civilian technologies that have already breakthrough innovations. The company welcomed Cerbair, been proven under difficult conditions, they are well suited Internest, Robotics Industrie, Prévision IO, Squadrone and Air to the specific uses of the battlefield. Captif, as well as the VEDECOM Institute. Furthermore, a synthesis of all the company’s historical To build its innovation, Arquus also works with leading engi- know-how in vehicle design, robust and relevant technology neering schools such as ENSTA Bretagne, France. These part- development, and systems integration, the Scarabee was at nerships are intended to create new perspectives on the fu- the heart of Arquus’ presentations during Technoday. It em- ture of land defence applications and meet the growing de- beds the company’s latest advances in survivability, digitali- mand from students who want to broaden their skills by sation, robotisation and energy. 25

Arquus Mission Extender is a robotic module designed to accompany the Scarabee

Scarabee is a mature situation on a single screen and lightening the mental load vehicle, ready for of the commander. As part of Technoday, the Scarabee was equipped with a re- industrialisation motely operated turret combining optronics, an effector and a self-protection solution thanks to an independent smoke- launching crown, as well as an aerial drone that can be piloted from Battlenet, which reminds us of the importance of the problem of autonomous or semi-autonomous objects and Scarabee was presented at the relevance of their association with land vehicles. Arquus is also continuing to work on the Mission Extender, a robotic Technoday as a platform module designed to accompany the Scarabee and increase its tactical capabilities. designed to accommodate Launched commercially at IDEX 2021 in Abu Dhabi, the Scar- numerous plug-and-play abee is a mature vehicle, ready for industrialisation, but also a technology demonstrator, some of whose building blocks systems could be used in the design of future armoured, light, or medium vehicles. In this respect, Arquus is part of the FAMOUS In addition to these technological building blocks, the Scar- (European Future Highly Mobile Augmented Armoured Sys- abee was presented at Technoday as a platform designed tems) group, which was set up to strengthen links between to accommodate numerous plug-and-play systems, thanks European partners and optimise synergies, standardisation, to Arquus’ Battlenet vetronics suite. This Battle Manage- and interoperability in the field of land armoured vehicles. ment System (BMS) aggregates the various data from the Additionally, in the context of anti-drone warfare, Arquus is vehicle’s different systems, sensors, and effectors, present- considering the development of new capabilities by inte- ing all the information on the vehicle’s status and tactical grating detection, jamming and specific effector functions. 26 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Lithium-ion Vehicle Batteries to Power the Future

In one form or another, batteries have existed for over 200 years. They have been used to power every- thing from modern phones to electric vehicle propulsion systems. Moreover, batteries are set to be the key enabler for future re- newable energy sources. The demand for energy storage cells will only continue to grow with the increasing demand for electrical systems, particularly in the case of large-scale military platform applications.

The Lead Acid battery, invented by Gaston Planté in 1859, is commonly found in vehicles of today due to the economies of production. As the name suggests, Lead Acid batteries require acid: normally Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) to produce a voltage, blended with distilled water and immersing lead plates. There are drawbacks with these batteries especially in a military environment. Most military vehicles, when not on operations, spend long periods of time parked and unused, often in hot environments, which is not an ideal usage cycle for Lead Acid batteries. Battery shops within units are set up to store, service and maintain batteries, taking up valuable man-hours. When Lithium-ion batteries are inactive, the batteries suffer from de-sulphation/stratification if incorrectly managed and can require seven to 10 days to ideal when the engine trickle charge in order to recover the battery. Often, the battery is unrecoverable and must be replaced, adding significant cannot be running for tactical costs for the fleet manager. reasons Many military vehicles are built around a hull, a similar principle to a boat. Lead Acid batteries need ventilation to expel by- 27

Galvion’s i6T Li-ion vehicle battery meets demanding military standards

Lithium type batteries are maintenance free across a multi-year service lifespan with significantly less weight product gases i.e., poisonous hydrogen sulphide. They in turn lose acid levels and need to be topped up on a regular Galvion’s i6T battery offers basis, particularly in hot conditions, as the batteries can ‘cook considerable capability off’ their levels. enhancements and through-life Even under ideal conditions, with regular maintenance, fluid efficiencies top-ups and usage, Lead Acid batteries can have as little as 50 recharge cycles, and are often replaced every three months, ‘just to be safe’, meaning additional supplies, disposal, logis- lighter in weight. Because of the reliability, through-life cost tics, etc. savings are 87 per cent compared to lead-acid 6T alternatives In comparison, the benefits of lithium type batteries are mas- and 43 per cent compared to other 6T Li-ion brands. sive. They are maintenance free across a multi-year service Galvion’s i6T Li-ion vehicle battery meets demanding mili- lifespan with significantly less weight than a traditional Lead tary standards including MIL-STD-1275, MIL-STD-810 and Acid battery. the performance of MIL-PRF-32565, as well as stringent UN Minimal Risk 38.3 commercial safety standards. Able to provide power for long periods, lithium-ion batteries Some have questioned the auto shut down functionality of are ideal in a silent watch scenario when the engine cannot most lithium batteries given that most lithium batteries have be running for tactical reasons. In some cases, a one-hour a Battery Management System (BMS). To address this con- charge can provide a full day of power, delivering the perfect cern, Galvion have developed a battlefield override to power source for reconnaissance missions with minimal risk squeeze every ounce of energy on a critical mission if re- of being compromised and drastically reduced fuel con- quired, in all battlefield temperature scenarios. The inclusion sumption. of a BMS allows the crew to better monitor power usage and Galvion has developed a military optimised Li-ion battery, remaining capacity, avoiding the surprises often associated the Symbasys SwitchPack i6T Li-ion vehicle battery. From a with lead-acid batteries that have been allowed to run down user perspective, Galvion’s i6T battery offers considerable ca- a little too-far to restart the vehicle’s engine. pability enhancements and through-life efficiencies. While Despite the advantages offered when selecting Li-ion over the up-front cost cannot be compared to that of the tradi- Lead Acid, there are some integration challenges to ensure tional Lead Acid alternative; however, it is the cost over life the new battery technology can be installed safely in a de- that makes Li-ion the choice for the future. The maintenance manding military environment. Recent programmes with in- is free across a 10-year service lifespan, delivering as much as ternational partners included the design, manufacture, and 8,000 recharge cycles; over twice that offered by any alterna- delivery of ballistic enclosures to house the Li-Ion batteries. tive 6T Li-ion unit. Compared to a traditional lead-acid 6T bat- The custom-built enclosure, containing three i6T batteries tery, Galvion’s SwitchPack delivers three times the useable for 234Ah, is mounted on or in vehicles with minimal vehicle capacity and energy at 24Volts (78Ah) and is 38 per cent modifications required. 28 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Italian Air Force Welcomes Leonardo’s HH-139B

Lorenzo Guerini, Italian Minister of Defence

The Italian Minister of Defence Lorenzo Guerini and Ital- ian Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Alberto Rosso recently attended the acceptance ceremony of an Italian Air Force HH139B helicopter during an official visit to Leonardo’s HH-139B is a dedicated helicopter facility in Vergiate, Italy. Leonardo’s CEO Ales- Air Force variant of the sandro Profumo, General Manager Lucio Valerio Cioffi, and Leonardo Helicopters’ MD Gian Piero Cutillo were AW139 also in attendance. During the visit to the facility, the Au- thorities were shown the company’s industrial capabilities, products, and advanced technologies, which are rep- resentative of Leonardo’s leadership in the vertical flight defence, and industry. Italy has prime industrial capabilities domain and preserve in-country strategic technological and Leonardo symbolises a nation, which can leverage a top capabilities. world-class Aerospace, Defence and Security industry.” The HH-139B is a dedicated Air Force variant of the AW139 While Profumo added: “We are proud to provide our capabil- type. The aircraft will be used for a wide range of missions in- ity so that the Italian Air Force’s major duties such as sup- cluding SAR – Search and Rescue, firefighting, and Slow Mov- porting the national community and homeland security are er Interceptor. guaranteed. The HH-139B is an iconic product fully repre- Guerini said: “National sovereignty, from a military and tech- sentative of national industry’s technology excellence and nological point of view, is preserved today also thanks to this international competitiveness. The facility in Vergiate, the level of excellence and to the synergies among institutions, largest Leonardo helicopter final assembly line with more 29

From left to right: Leonardo Helicopters Managing Director Gian Piero Cutillo, Italian Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Alberto Rosso, Italian Minister of Defence Lorenzo Guerini, Leonardo CEO Alessandro Profumo, Leonardo General Manager Lucio Valerio Cioffi. than 1,000 employees, shows outstanding rotorcraft capabilities in terms of products, manufacturing processes, and professional skills, and is able to maintain Leonardo and Italy at HH-139B will be used for the forefront of innovation in an increasingly strategic and highly competitive sector.” a wide range of missions Bringing Greater Safety to Operations In September 2019, Leonardo celebrated a historic achieve- including SAR, firefighting, ment: the delivery of the 1000th AW139. The helicopter can and Slow Mover Interceptor perform a large number of missions thanks to its superior performance, proven technologies and safety features. The platform accommodates up to 15 passengers at the highest speed, in a spacious cabin, with reportedly the best power re- creasing operational effectiveness and safety. Both flight and serve of any helicopter in its class. maintenance training are delivered in virtual environments Over 1,200 AW139s have been sold to more than 280 custom- and simulation. Crews can, therefore, maximise their ability to ers in over 70 countries, including more than 80 for Italian gov- use equipment and leverage the best performance of the ernment operators (Air Force, Guardia di Finanza, State Police, product during missions. Maintenance technicians can lever- Coast Guard, National Firefighting Department and Carabin- age virtual training increasing technical assistance quality ieri), plus emergency medical service operators. and reliability. All of these capabilities bring greater safety to This helicopter model benefits from advanced digital technol- operations. ogy solutions, for both flight and missions as well as training Most Leonardo helicopters that are manufactured, and the (pilots and maintenance technicians) and support. Its state- largest number of its helicopter types in the product portfo- of-the-art satellite navigation and synthetic vision system has lio, are assembled at Vergiate facility. Components from Leon- 3D representations of the external environment on cockpit ardo’s Centres of Excellence in Italy and abroad (airframes, displays even in poor visibility conditions, advanced collision dynamics, avionics, equipment), in addition to the wider sup- avoidance and proximity systems, mission sensors and an au- ply chain, are gathered and then enter the production pro- tomatic flight control system, which is able to assist the crew cess to build the complete helicopter. This is customised, during SAR and hoisting in harsh environmental and weather tested, and delivered to Italian and international customers. conditions. A logistics centre is also based in Vergiate for spare parts stor- The AW139 also features modern predictive maintenance and age and management and for technical support assisting diagnostics solutions allowing accurate, rapid assessment Leonardo’s helicopter global fleet, which comprise more than and data processing on the health and usage of aircraft com- 5,000 units that are used by over 1,200 operators in more than ponents. This allows more efficient maintenance activities in- 150 countries. 30 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Oshkosh Defense Receives US$152 M Order to Supply JLTVs

Recently, the U.S. Army Contracting Command – Detroit Arsenal (ACC-DTA) announced that it has awarded Osh- kosh Defense, a wholly owned subsidiary of Oshkosh U.S. Army increased Corporation, a US$152 Million order for Joint Light Tacti- cal Wheeled Vehicles (JLTV), companion trailers, and as- Oshkosh’s current contract sociated kits. from 18,170 to 23,163 vehicles The order includes Oshkosh JLTVs, trailers and kits for the U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Navy, as well as NATO allies Lithuania, North Macedonia, Slovenia, and Romania. Oshkosh has built over 12,500 JLTVs, fielded vehicles to over hosted firepower on a light tactical vehicle platform. We had 40 U.S. and international military installations, and received a busy Spring and the momentum surrounding the platform commitments from eight NATO, Allied, and Coalition part- continues to grow.” ners, since winning the competitive JLTV contract in 2015. In May, the North Macedonia Minister of Defense, Radmila “We’ve spent over 10 years developing our vehicle, followed Sekerinska, was able to ride in the JLTV for the first time. by nearly six years of manufacturing the vehicle in both low Sekerinska later tweeted, “These new American-made light rate and full rate production,” said George Mansfield, Vice armoured vehicles will become part of the Army facilities. To- President and General Manager of Joint Programmes, Osh- day at Krivolak, we were convinced of their exceptional per- kosh Defense. “We’ve refined the manufacturing process, formance. This is what our Army looks like in #NATO.” matured our robust supply chain, and fulfilled the light tacti- Later in June, the Slovenian Deputy Prime Minister and Min- cal vehicle capability gap in eight additional countries with ister of Defense Matej Tonin remarked at a JLTV acceptance our proven platform. We have no plans to stop building the ceremony, “Modernisation of the Slovenian Army has finally Oshkosh JLTV anytime soon.” begun. With the new light armoured vehicles Oshkosh 4×4, The U.S. Army recently increased Oshkosh’s option ceiling our Soldiers will be more successful and safer in tasks at under the current contract from 18,170 to 23,163 vehicles to home and abroad.” support critical missions worldwide. To date, Oshkosh has received orders or commitments from John Lazar, Vice President and General Manager of Interna- the following NATO, Allied, and Coalition partners including tional Programs, Oshkosh Defense, said: “The JLTV provides the UK, Belgium, Montenegro, Slovenia, Lithuania, Brazil, Ro- unprecedented levels of off-road mobility, survivability, and mania, and North Macedonia. 31 How Can AI be Used Ethically in Defence?

A report by the U.S. National Security Commission on Arti- ficial Intelligence (NSCAI) highlights emerging consensus Delivering on the promise on the principles for using AI ethically and responsibly for defence and intelligence applications. of robust and reliable AI As the report states, if artificial intelligence (AI) systems do not work as designed or are unpredictable, “leaders will not adopt systems requires team effort them, operators will not use them, U.S. Congress will not fund them, and the American people will not support them.” comprehensive, relevant ethical AI policies to guide AI devel- That is why justified confidence is so important for AI-enabled opment. The company is also working with universities like systems. Justified confidence in AI is about developing sys- Carnegie Mellon to develop new secure and ethical AI best tems that are robust, reliable, and accountable, and ensuring practices, in addition to collaborating with leading commer- these attributes can be verified and validated. cial companies to advance AI technology. AI is already ubiquitous in everyday lives, from streaming ser- Another step the company is taking is to extend its DevSec- vices to navigation apps to secure banking. But it is also play- Ops process to automate and document best practices in the ing a role in defence, such as way-finding for unmanned vehi- development, testing, deployment, and monitoring of AI cles, automated target recognition, and many other applica- software systems. tions that focus on speed, scale and efficiency. Critical to success is Northrop Grumman’s AI workforce. The The power of AI is its ability to learn and adapt to changing company continues to invest in a mission-focused AI work- situations. The battlefield is a dynamic environment and the force through formal training, mentoring and apprentice- side that adapts fastest gains the advantage. ship programmes. But like with all systems, AI is vulnerable to attack and failure. To According to a company statement, Northrop Grumman truly harness the power of AI technology, developers must strives for equitable algorithms and minimises the potential align with the ethical principles adopted by the U.S. Depart- for unintended bias by leveraging a diverse engineering ment of Defense. However, delivering on the promise of robust, team and testing for data bias using commercial best prac- reliable, and accountable AI systems requires a team effort – in- tices, among other monitoring techniques. dustry, government and academia all have roles to play. The company has developed tools to provide a log of data Integrated Approach provenance, ensuring traceable, transparent, and auditable To achieve this, companies such as Northrop Grumman are development processes. Leveraging best practices, its work working on developing a cohesive policy and governance in AI governance enables robust risk assessment, algorithmic processes for AI, spanning from development to testing and transparency and graceful termination when required. operations. This integrated approach from development to operation is One of Northrop Grumman’s partners are a Silicon Valley start- essential to achieving justified confidence in AI-enabled up, Credo AI. They are sharing their governance tools to apply systems. 32 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Patria Leads European Project to Develop Next-gen Armoured Vehicles According to reports, Patria is leading a defence industry consortium that has now been selected as part of the Eu- FAMOUS aims to enhance ropean Defence Industrial Development Programme ground combat capabilities (EDIDP), an industrial programme of the EU. As part of the EDIDP, the focus will be on Ground Combat Capabili- in areas of mobility, hybrid ties (GCC) to develop next generation armoured platforms and upgrade existing ones. operations Patria is acting as the industrial coordinator of the EDIDP- GCC-2020 and has formed a consortium called FAMOUS (Eu- defence on land, sea and in air, is the consortium coordinator ropean Future Highly Mobile Augmented Armoured Sys- by leading and coordinating the FAMOUS programme. All tems) to carry out the programme. The consortium includes companies, including ground combat system integrators as 20 leading defence companies from different EU countries. well as high-tech midcap and small and medium-sized enter- The EDIDP is a defence industry development programme prise companies, will bring highly complementary expertise, designed to support the competitiveness and innovation ca- technologies, and know-how to the project,” said Esa Rauta- pacity of the union’s defence industry. It is the first EU-funded linko, President and CEO of Patria. programme to develop defence capabilities, with a budget “This development programme is valuable not only because of €500 million. The selection for the EDIDP programme was of platform development, but also because it is a unique and made at the end of June and the start of the project will take innovative approach to develop areas of next generation place later this year. The Ground Combat Capabilities project technology. These concepts can be made rapidly available led by Patria will last two years. and implemented already during the current Multiannual Fi- The FAMOUS programme aims to develop future technolo- nancial Framework (MFF) in future system architectures as gies and performances that enhance ground combat capa- well as utilised in future European armoured vehicle systems. bilities in the areas of mobility, hybrid operation, power gen- Development work is not only funded, but that the products eration and energy storage, as well as security systems, situa- eventually reach their actual use. This approach will lead to tional awareness, robotics, C4I solutions, weapons systems, unity and thus increase coherence, standardisation and com- and modern life cycle support solutions. patibility between different platforms in the EU,” added Jussi “Patria, as an international company with unique expertise in Järvinen, President of Patria’s Land business unit. 33 Rheinmetall Unveils Stun Grenade Spectac

Rheinmetall recently introduced Spectac, its innovative new non-lethal effector. This rectangular stun grenade has been designed for use by military and law enforcement special operators. One of the most striking features of the easy-to-use Spectac is its smartphone-like design. It has a locking ring and rocker arm ignitor built into a rectangular housing the size of a mobile phone.

The stun grenade’s novel design offers several advantages. Weighing approximately 350 grams, 110 mm long, 63 mm wide and 20 mm thick, this ergonomic one-bang stun grenade slips easily into the tactical kit of the special operator, making it convenient to carry. In addition, its compact design means that it can be discretely taken along on undercover and bodyguard operations. Moreover, its rectangular bottom of the grenade, reliably shape offers other tactical ben- The compact design can protecting the user’s throwing efits. Unlike traditional round hand. grenades, the Spectac does be discretely taken along Furthermore, the Spectac does not roll away in an uncon- not produce dangerous frag- trolled way after landing, but on undercover operations ments. Each Spectac grenade is X- instead comes quickly to a rayed prior to shipment, thus as- halt, which makes it ideal for suring maximum functional reli- the use on stairways. Its maxi- ability and safety. The X-ray imag- mum movement radius comes to just 35 cm at most. As a es are stored for 10 years. Neither the percussion cap nor the result, the desired effect reliably takes place in the intended ignition delay mechanism contains lead compounds. Addi- target zone. tionally, the grenades are compliant with REACH, the European Waterproof at depths of up to 20 metres, the Spectac pro- Chemicals Directive. duces a blinding flash and deafening bang. It is currently Successfully qualified at the end of 2020, the Spectac is avail- available in versions with acoustic pressure levels of 170 able immediately. This innovative product confirms Rhein- and 180 decibels and two delay times, 0.5 and 1.5 seconds. metall’s role as a leading supplier of pyrotechnic effectors for In order to make it even safer to handle, Rheinmetall engi- law enforcement and military applications. The company is a neers opted for a tried-and-tested bottom top venting leading European systems supplier for defence and security (BTV) design. This way, in the event of an inadvertent deto- technology and a reliable partner to the armed forces of Ger- nation, the explosive effect blows out of the top and the many, its NATO allies and friendly nations. 34 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Germany to Revamp Puma IFV The German Bundeswehr recently placed an order to up- have already been upgraded to S1 status. Of Germany’s 350 grade the first lot of its Puma infantry fighting vehicle Pumas, the only ones not included in the modernisation pro- (IFV), bringing them up to a uniform enhanced design sta- gramme are the 13 driver training vehicles. tus. The order was issued through the joint venture com- Among other things, the new S1 version of the Puma is char- pany PSM GmbH, co-owned by Rheinmetall and Krauss- acterised by standoff-capable effectors like the MELLS multi- Maffei Wegmann, each of which holds a 50 per cent share role lightweight guided missile system. in the company. Other features include additional sensors such as the new The contract for modernising Germany’s fleet of Puma IFVs driver’s vision system and an improved command-and-con- was signed on 28 June at the Federal Office for Bundeswehr trol architecture. The parabolic and driver vision system her- Equipment, Information Technology and In-Service Support alds the end of the periscope era. For the first time, the entire (BAAINBw) in Koblenz. In awarding this contract, the crew will be able to “see through” the armour, day and night. Bundeswehr remains on track toward an operationally ready, The fusion mode combines daylight vision with a high-quality fully digitised fleet of infantry fighting vehicles. Work is slated thermal image, enabling early detection of camouflage tar- to begin immediately and is expected to be complete in 2029. gets around the clock. The S1 version of the Puma version is The initial phase of the order encompasses 154 vehicles, the first western combat vehicle that includes a system of this generating sales for the consortium of €1.04 billion. The con- type as a standard feature. tract also contains an option for modernisation of a further Teamed with the VJTF 2023 version of Rheinmetall’s Future 143 Puma infantry fighting vehicles, which for the PSM con- Soldier – Expanded System infantry (IdZ-ES) system, the S1 sortium would mean additional sales volume totalling €820 version of the Puma forms the System Panzergrenadier. million. For the first time in Germany, the System Panzergrenadier The major refit being embarked on is intended to bring the links a digitised platform – the advanced S1 version of the majority of the first lot of the Bundeswehr’s existing fleet of Puma IFV – to a soldier system featuring digital radio technol- 350 Puma vehicles up to S1 enhanced design status. In prepa- ogy. On 18 March, speaking on behalf of the Bundeswehr, ration for the NATO High Readiness Joint Task Force VJTF 2023, Lieutenant General Alfons Mais, the German Army chief, de- which will be furnished by the Bundeswehr, 40 Puma IFVs clared the system “ready for action”.

New S1 version of Puma is characterised by standoff-capable effectors 35 ENAV Carries Out Satellite- based Procedures for UAS

The experimentation and demonstration campaign of the ECARO (EGNOS Civil Aviation Roadmap) project, per- The flight test campaign formed at Grottaglie Airport, Italy, concluded recently. Its results were discussed at the online conference GNSS- used UMS Skeldar drone BASED AUTONOMOUS UAS FLIGHT – DEMO DAY, in which V-150 representatives of EUSPA (European Union Agency for the Space Programmes), ENAC, Aeroporti di Puglia, DTA and implementation of the flight test campaign, upholding the (Distretto Tecnologico Aerospaziale), ASI (Italian Space safety and security of all the operators. Agency), D-Flight participated along with the ECARO Con- Thanks to the ECARO project, it was demonstrated that the Eu- sortium Partners, coordinated by ENAV. ropean GNSS systems, in addition to GPS, are capable of ensur- ECARO is a multidisciplinary project whose primary objective ing drones can perform safe satellite-based approach proce- is the adoption of European satellite navigation systems GNSS dures, a capability required to include and integrate drones in (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), EGNOS and Galileo, for controlled airspace. all civil aviation applications like fixed wing operations, To monitor GNSS signal quality, Planetek Italia has tested a ra- drones, and rotorcraft emergency operations. The project is diofrequency spectrum monitoring system at airports, which co-financed by EUSPA. could improve the safety and security of UAS operations. ENAV, together with the Consortium Partners DTA (Aerospace The results of the project will contribute to defining the road- Technological District of Puglia), Planetek Italia and UMS Skel- map for ENAC’s advanced air mobility and will support the de- dar, is engaged in the experimentation activities with drones velopment of a national experimental research centre for ur- while Airgreen Helicopters support the validation of satellite ban air mobility. navigation applications for helicopters. Another strategic activity of the ECARO project is the planning The flight test campaign on satellite procedures tested the ap- and validation of GNSS routes for low-altitude helicopter res- plication of civil aviation flight procedures by using UMS Skel- cue flights. For such validation, RIFIS (Repositionable IFP Flight dar’ drone the V-150, to demonstrate its integration into an Inspection System) was utilised, an ENAV in-house developed airport environment and the benefits obtained from the ex- mobile platform innovation, capable of recording and validat- ploitation of the European GNSS systems. ing trajectories and flight standards, an objective of the trial ac- The trial was carried out at Grottaglie airport, with tests antici- cording to the standards set by the International Civil Aviation pated by the flight clearance process as set up by ENAC (the Organization (ICAO). The first validations for the Tyrrhenian Italian Civil Aviation Authority) in accordance with new Euro- side were successfully performed in June by ENAV personnel pean regulations. with the support of the pilots of Airgreen Helicopters and Aeroporti di Puglia and ENAV participated in the preparation Leonardo Helicopters. 36 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports THEON SENSORS and HENSOLDT Contracted for Night Vision Capability Programme

The multinational procurement organisation Organ- THEON SENSORS Mikron isation Conjointe de Cooperation en matière 16 mm Binocular Night d’Armement (OCCAR) has contracted the consor- Vision Goggle tium of HENSOLDT and THEON SENSORS for the production and delivery of Binocular Night Vi- sion Goggles (BNVG) under the Night Vision Ca- pability Programme. The contract includes 4,550 BNVG for Belgian De- fence and 5,000 for the German Bundeswehr, as well as an option for another 20,000 for Ger- many. A full maintenance and repair service for up to 15 years is also included, as well as a series of accessories that will be delivered to the users. The deliveries will start this year. Offering THEON SENSORS’ Mikron 16 mm BNVG, the consortium prevailed in an international open tender process. Mikron is a spin-off from the well-known NYX family of THEON SENSORS. Using 16 mm tubes, the size and weight of this binocular is reduced by up to 20 per cent without any major reduction in perfor- GmbH, said: “The successful mance. Mikron is already in operation with various European cooperation between HEN- end-users. This is the first major contract that THEON SEN- SOLDT and THEON SENSORS is a SORS has received, through the consortium with HENSOLDT, win-win situation for Belgium, Germany and our for this new state-of-the-art system. two companies. This also opens the doors for synergies and The consortium of HENSOLDT and THEON SENSORS offers an co-operation in other areas within Europe. As a proud sup- ideal solution for the two states currently participating in the plier to the German Bundeswehr with our sights and scopes Night Vision Capability Programme, as both companies have for the Future Soldier Programme IdZ, we are happy to ex- proven track records in the field of image intensifier technol- tend our portfolio with Binocular Night Vision Goggles and ogy. With the combined production capacities in Wetzlar, Ger- to continue to supply the Belgian Defence.” many, and Athens, Greece, large lot sizes can be produced in Christian Hadjminas, CEO of THEON SENSORS and President short time and on short notice. A transfer of technology from of EFA GROUP, added: “THEON SENSORS’ consortium with Athens to Wetzlar will enable HENSOLDT to assemble the HENSOLDT is in line with the vision of a strong and joint Euro- BNVG locally, ensuring quick turnaround times. pean defence industry and we will continue to work towards Andreas Hülle, Managing Director HENSOLDT Optronics its development and implementation. This large contract is 37

From left to right – Andreas Hülle, Managing Director Hensoldt Optronics, Joachim Sucker, German member Board of Supervisors (BoS), Matteo Bisceglia, OCCAR-EA Director, Rudy Debaene, Belgian member BoS, and Christian Hadjiminas, CEO Theon Sensors. (© OCCAR-EA)

The contract includes ucts, to a company also for integrated systems and plat- 4,550 BNVG for Belgian forms that enable interoperability and real-time information exchange with speed and security. Systems that drasti- Defence and 5,000 for the cally improve flexibility in decision-making in conducting military operations. This will be achieved through THEON German Bundeswehr SENSORS’ consistent policy of building strategic alliances, especially in Europe.” OCCAR’s Night Vision Capability Programme offers the possi- The consortium is in bility for other EU and non-EU countries to join via an established process. line with the vision of a Strong Partnership THEON SENSORS is a world-renowned and recognised man- strong and joint European ufacturer of electro-optical night vision and thermal imaging defence industry systems used by military and law enforcement customers in more than 55 countries around the world. The development and production of the systems is made in Athens, Greece, whereas its worldwide business activities are supported by the culmination of THEON SENSORS’ hard work and effort in five subsidiaries, in Germany, U.S., UAE, Saudi Arabia and Sin- the field of Night Vision. Given that it is the largest contract gapore, with co-productions facilities in Middle and Far East. ever signed for night vision equipment in the European mar- HENSOLDT is a German champion in the defence industry ket and, in general, the largest direct order to a Greek defence with a leading market position in Europe and a global industry, we believe that this contract is a turning point for reach. Headquartered in Taufkirchen near Munich, Germa- the Greek defence industry and its potential, but also for the ny, the company develops sensor solutions for defence and country itself. security applications. As a technology leader, HENSOLDT “At the same time, this contract is not only an important also continuously expands its Cyber portfolio and develops turning point for us in our history, but also a starting point new products to combat a wide range of threats based on for evolving THEON SENSORS from being a leading compa- innovative approaches to data management, robotics, and ny in man portable night vision systems and thermal prod- cybersecurity. 38 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports UAVOS and Stratodynamics See Success in Stratospheric Flights

UAVOS Inc. and Stratodynamics ing flight and payload data. Inc. have recently performed a se- UAVOS Co. is a leading developer of ries of successful stratospheric innovative solutions for unmanned flights with the balloon launched air, ground and marine applications HiDRON, an autonomous aircraft, and specialises in autopilots at Spaceport America, New Mexi- and UAV accessories. The UAVOS co, U.S. designed avionics system demon- The mission objectives were to ad- strated stable performance in ex- vance new systems for forward sens- treme temperatures from -85°F ing turbulence detection onboard (-65°C) to +95°F (+30 °C) as well as a aircraft at near-space and commercial breakthrough in autonomous con- flight altitudes. The early June cam- trol during the critical ‘pull-out paign was supported by the NASA phase’ following balloon release. Flight Opportunities Programme to UAVOS’ avionics system assists the advance turbulence detection sen- HiDRON glider in ensuring safe Be- sors developed by the University of yond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Kentucky (UKY) and NASA’s Langley flight profiles throughout the vari- Research Center. The results will cross ous phases of lift-off, ascent and validate data from multiple probes landing. with flight data from the HiDRON. During the mission, UAVOS’ autopi- During the campaign, the HiDRON lot took measurements and record- glider was released from the balloon ed navigation data on a flight re- at an altitude of 82,000 ft. (25 km) on corder with a frequency of up to 400 the first two launches, and at 98,000 UAVOS’ autopilot Hz. UAVOS’ autopilot sensors (on- ft. (30 km) on the final launch and board acceleration sensors, angular was gliding successfully at 92,000 ft sensors were able velocity sensors, GNSS, magnetom- (28 km). It was released from the bal- to record wind eter, air data sensors, temperature loon in zero-gravity conditions and sensors) allowed it to record wind accelerated rapidly, approach- velocity, direction, velocity, direction, magnitude, and ing 300 mph ground speed (480 low-frequency sound waves. kph) in the first 15 seconds of flight. low-frequency sound “For example, the air fluctuations The HiDRON then glided in a con- with a frequency of 1 Hz and a very trolled flight path back toward waves small amplitude (0.1 m/s²) at an alti- Spaceport America’s runway for ap- tude of 23 km were detected by our proximately 4.5 hours while record- specialists while analysing data 39

HiDRON over New Mexico from a flight recorder,” explained UAVOS lead autopilot developer and CEO, Aliaksei Stratsilatau. “The high-altitude aerody- Researchers will analyse namics data is proving invaluable for processing payload data as well as for analysing atmospheric phenomena in the strato- the sensor data to identify sphere in general.” Examining the Data turbulent events The flight campaign participants included HiDRON avionics system developer, UAVOS, researchers from the UKY and NA- SA’s Langley Research Centre, HiDRON inventor and flight ser- ting altitudes and with aircraft’s aerodynamically efficient vices provider, Stratodynamics Inc., as well as scientists from airframe capable of utilising available natural energy. The Hi- the Physical Sciences Lab at New Mexico State University’s DRON also performs as an extremely sensitive instrument Physical Sciences Lab who assisted with balloon launch logis- that can detect turbulence and correlate data collected from tics. This multi-member collaboration converged at Spaceport payload sensors. This campaign will contribute to Stratody- America to combine the novel, high-altitude aerial platform namics’ turbulence detection systems currently in develop- with multi-hole wind probe and infrasonic microphone sen- ment for multiple aviation-based applications,” said Gary sors to advance forward detection of turbulence systems. Pundsack, CEO Stratodynamics. UKY researchers will spend the next several months analysing Scott McLaughlin, Executive Director of Spaceport America, the sensor data to identify turbulent events and their proximi- noted: “This truly is exciting science and technology. It com- ty to the airborne sensors. bines UAV’s, balloons, and infrasonics to measure turbulence Dr Sean Bailey of the University of Kentucky added, “The Hi- in the atmosphere in a way no one else has done. We are very DRON aircraft was an ideal platform for these investigations. happy to have had their team testing at Spaceport America.” Its controlled descent provided us with many hours of data While UAVOS’ lead autopilot developer and CEO Aliaksei and increased our ability to observe randomly occurring Stratsilatau, concluded: “The HiDRON successfully complet- events. We look forward to examining the data more closely ed all of the missions proving that UAVOS’ scalable, fully inte- to see what we can learn about turbulence in the atmosphere.” grated avionics system, as well as flight-proven hardware “This mission represents a major milestone for Stratodynam- continue to ensure HiDRON is at the forefront of stratospher- ics in achieving controlled, autonomous flight at record-set- ic missions for the long-term.” 40 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports New B-21 Raider Artist Rendering Strike Stealth Bomber The B-21 will form the backbone of the future Air Force bomber Released force consisting of B-21s and B-52s. The B-21 will play a critical role in ensuring America’s enduring airpower capability. The B-21 Raider will be a component of a larger family of sys- Unveiling new, important details about the much-antici- tems for conventional Long Range Strike, including Intelli- pated plane, the U.S. Air Force has released a new B-21 gence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, electronic attack, Raider artist rendering graphic with an accompany- communication and other capabilities. It will be nuclear capa- ing fact sheet. ble and designed to accommodate manned or unmanned op- The rendering highlights the future stealth bomber with Ed- erations. It will also be able to employ a broad mix of stand-off wards Air Force Base, California, as the backdrop. and direct-attack munitions. Designed to perform long range conventional and nuclear The B-Raider is being designed with open systems architecture missions and to operate in tomorrow’s high end threat envi- to reduce integration risk and enable competition for future ronment, the B-21 will be a visible and flexible component of modernisation efforts to allow for the aircraft to evolve as the the nuclear triad. threat environment changes. The 420th Flight Test Squadron based at Edwards AFB will Background plan, test, analyse and report on all flight and ground testing The Department of the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office leads of the B-21 Raider. the development of the B-21 Raider under the direction of the The B-21 programme continues to execute the Engineering Under Secretary of Defence for Acquisition and Sustainment and Manufacturing Development phase and is focused on and the Secretary of the Air Force. scaling the manufacturing infrastructure and capacity The Air Force awarded the B-21 Engineering and Manufactur- across the industrial supply base to prepare for low rate ini- ing Development contract to Northrop Grumman on Octo- tial production. ber 27th, 2015. Northrop Grumman’s partners on the B-21 A critical review conducted in 2018 concluded the aircraft has programme include Pratt & Whitney, Janicki Industries, Col- a mature and stable design. lins Aerospace, GKN Aerospace, BAE Systems and Spirit Aero- Randall Walden, Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office director, systems. explained: “Nuclear modernisation is a top priority for the Department of Defense and the Air Force, and B-21 is key to that plan. The built-in feature of open systems architecture on the B-21 makes the bomber effective as the threat environment evolves. This aircraft design approach sets the nation on the right path to ensuring America’s enduring airpower capability.” 41

B-21 is designed to perform long range conventional and nuclear missions In 2018, the programme conducted the weapon systems Critical Design Review, a comprehensive programme-wide evaluation of design maturity, stability and risk. In 2019, the Air Force completed the Strategic Basing Pro- The B-21 will form the cess announcing Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota; backbone of the future Air Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri; and Dyess Air Force Base, Texas are the preferred locations for B-21 main operating Force bomber force consisting bases. After completing the Environmental Impact Statement proof B-21s and B-52s cess as obligatory by the National Environmental Policy Act and other regulatory processes, in 2021, the Air Force named Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota as the first B-21 main and the B-2 Spirit bombers to form a two-bomber fleet of B- operating base and location of the Formal Training Unit. 21s and modified B-52s. The Air Force Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base, Califor- General Characteristics nia will host the B-21 Combined Test Force and the Air Force Primary Function: Nuclear-capable, penetrating strike stealth Sustainment Center at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma is the bomber. site for depot planning. Lead Command: Air Force Global Strike Command The B-21 Raider is named in honour of the historic Doolittle Inventory: Minimum of 100 aircraft Raiders, U.S. Army Air Force men who are known for their Average Unit Procurement Cost*: US$550 million (base year surprise attack against Japan during World War II on April 18, 2010 dollars) /US$639 million (base year 2019 dollars) 1942, which forced the Japanese to recall combat forces for *Former Secretary of Defence Robert Gates directed B-21 Av- home defence, and boosted morale among Americans and erage Procurement Unit Cost as a key performance parameter U.S. allies abroad. as the best means to control costs. The designation B-21 recognises the Raider as the first Munitions: Nuclear and conventional bomber of the 21st century. Operational: Mid-2020s The Air Force plans to incrementally replace the B-1 Lancer 42 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports

Senop to Supply Laser Sights, Image Intensifiers to Finland Senop, a part of Patria Group, has secured a contract Successful night operation depends on training and leader- worth more than 13.6 M€ (excluding VAT) to deliver laser ship and should include both individual and unit skills. Capa- sights and additional NVG M40 image intensifiers to the ble night vision devices will help, but if the skills of soldiers and Finnish Defence Forces Logistic Command. units are not at a high level, even the best equipment does not Senop is expected to deliver the systems by the end of Octo- guarantee victory. Night training and constant rehearsals are ber 2022. essential to a unit’s success. The proliferation of night vision technology on today’s battle- When a commander/leader is developing the scheme of of- field has essentially turned the night into day. Superior ad- fensive manoeuvre, a simple concept, but a detailed plan is vances have been made in night vision technology. Modern required. In night operations, the objective must be easily armies can and will fight effectively at night, and the force that identifiable, limited in size, and singular. The size of the objec- cannot cope with darkness will lose the battle. tive and the strength of the enemy should be directly propor- When one considers operating at night, psychological and tionate to the size of the assault echelon. Secrecy in prepara- physiological considerations must be considered. Man is not tion relates directly to the degree of surprise one will achieve nocturnal by nature. Our instinctive reaction to darkness is to in executing a night attack. find a secure place, rest, and wait for daylight. An enemy felt Attacking units must be judicious in the selection of the ter- but unseen is more sinister than one whose presence and ac- rain, maximising cover and concealment and not relying on tivity can be observed. The proliferation of night-vision equip- the straight-line approach from the line of departure to the ment and modern weaponry has increased the advantages objective. A “business as usual” attitude should prevail and gained from night operations, but it has not substantially re- nothing out of the ordinary should be done to reveal inten- duced the psychological effect of darkness on humans. tions. A well-trained and capable unit will benefit from the 43

Senop’s new NVG is a night and bad weather conditions. lightweight night vision device Key Requirements The trust on Senop products prompted Finnish Defence Forces Logistic Command to place the order. Senop considers that night fighting gear shall be simple to use, light and robust to stand the stress on military environments. Image performance and energy consumption are also key requirements for night vision devises. Se- nop’s stated mission is to support the end users (soldiers and units) in harsh and extreme conditions, to make them see the unseen. The Finnish order consists of Sol- been excellent.” dier’s Lasers, Tactical Lasers, and additional purchase of NVG Senop builds new capabilities by tailoring solutions accord- M40 Monocular image intensifiers. ing to customer’s specific needs and requirements. Senop’s Additionally, the Senop Soldier’s Laser Sight M20 is light, Defence & Security portfolio consists of high-performance simple and robust laser sight to withstand high recoils and image intensifiers, night sights, intelligent thermal sights, extremely demanding use in military conditions. Senop handheld target acquisition and observation systems, vehicle Tactical Laser M20 is a multi-functional laser sight with a vis- camera systems, hyperspectral cameras, and multi-purpose ible laser, an IR laser, and an IR illuminator. It’s easy to use container-based platform solutions. and has long operating hours and can be used in both day and night-time. Senop NVG M40 Monocular is one of the lightest high-per- The value of the contract is formance NVGs on the market. M40 utilises cutting-edge aspheric high-precision glass optics combined with com- more than 13.6 M€ posite materials to provide a high level of usability and performance. Senop laser sights and image intensifiers are developed in close co-operation with the Finnish Defence Forces. Inten- Senop will deliver the systems sive field tests have been conducted in demanding condi- by end of October 2022 tions since 2019. Energy management is a key requirement especially in Arctic conditions. All these devices (laser sights and NVGs) can operate both AA- and CCR123 batteries. NVG M40 Monocular can be equipped with external power supply to increase the operating hours. Aki Korhonen, Managing Director of Senop, stated: “In this programme, the end user of the equipment, the soldier, has been at the centre. For this reason, field tests and feedback from the test team have played a major role in the development. Our engineers have supported operations on the field, thus completing ergonomics and durability. The co-operation with FDF has Senop’s laser aiming devices are developed to be used as a soldier’s weapon sight and as a target designator for troop leaders 44 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Germany Adds P-8A Poseidon to its Fleet Recently, the German Ministry of Defense signed a letter P-8: A Proven System of offer and acceptance for five Boeing P-8A Poseidon air- The Boeing P-8 is a maritime patrol aircraft, excelling at anti- craft under the U.S. government’s Foreign Military Sales submarine warfare; anti-surface warfare; intelligence, surveil- (FMS) process. With this order, Germany becomes the lance and reconnaissance and search and rescue. The P-8 can eighth customer of the multi-mission maritime surveil- fly higher (up to 41,000 ft) and get to the fight faster (490 lance aircraft, joining the U.S., Australia, India, UK, Nor- knots). Shorter transit times reduce the size of the Area of way, Korea, and New Zealand. Probability when searching for submarines, surface vessels or “Boeing is honoured to provide Germany with the world’s search and rescue survivors. P-8 is also designed for low alti- most capable maritime surveillance aircraft,” said Michael tude missions and has supported several humanitarian and Hostetter, Boeing Defense, Space & Security vice president in search and rescue missions. The P-8’s performance and reli- Germany. “We will continue to work with the U.S. government, ability deliver confidence in an uncertain world — in any con- the German government and industry to establish a robust dition, anywhere, anytime. sustainment package that will ensure the German Navy’s P-8A The P-8 is a collaboration between Boeing Commercial Air- fleet is mission ready.” planes and Boeing Defense, Space & Security. The Boeing The P-8A Poseidon is designed to meet the full range of mari- teams work together from start to finish to bring this aircraft time challenges faced by European nations. Deployed around the world with more than 130 aircraft in service, and over 300,000 collective flight hours, the P-8A is vital for global anti- Germany has become the submarine warfare, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance and search-and-rescue operations. eighth customer of P8-A “Bringing this capability to Germany is not possible without the contributions of German industry,” said Dr Michael Haid- Poseidon inger, president of Boeing Germany, Central & Eastern Europe, Benelux, and the Nordics. “With the P-8A, we will expand our collaboration with German companies, create new jobs and contribute to long-term local economic growth.” German companies that already supply parts for the P-8A include Aljo Aluminum-Bau Jonischeit GmbH and Nord-Micro GmbH. Recently, Boeing signed agreements with ESG Elek- troniksystem-und Logistik-GmbH and Lufthansa Technik to collaborate in systems integration, training, support, and sustainment work. By working with local suppliers, Boeing will provide support, training and maintenance solutions that will bring the highest operational availability to fulfil the German Navy’s missions. 45

P-8 is a maritime patrol aircraft, excelling at anti-submarine warfare

P-8A is designed to meet multi-mission maritime patrol aircraft. More than 100 P-8 are in service worldwide and have flown the full range of maritime over 300,000 hours. All were assembled in Puget Sound, U.S. The P-8 has two variants: The P-8I, flown by the Indian Navy, challenges and the P-8A Poseidon, flown by the U.S. Navy, the Royal Aus- tralian Air Force, and the United Kingdom’s Royal Air Force. The aircraft shares 86 per cent commonality with the commercial 737NG, providing supply chain economies of scale in The P-8 is a military derivative production and support. Boeing’s expertise in commercial fleet management and derivative aircraft sustainment proof the Boeing 737 Next- vides customers with greater availability at a lower operation- Generation airplane al cost. The P-8 is engineered for 25 years/25,000 hours in the harshest maritime flight regimes, including extended operations in icing environments. As a leading global aerospace company, Boeing develops, manufactures, and services commercial airplanes, defence products and space systems for customers in more than 150 to the warfighter. countries. As a top U.S. exporter, the company leverages the The P-8 is a military derivative of the Boeing 737 Next-Genera- talents of a global supplier base to advance economic oppor- tion airplane, which means assembly begins in a Boing Com- tunity, sustainability, and community impact. Furthermore, in mercial Airplanes factory. After the P-8 receives a new coat of a company statement, Boeing has stressed that its diverse paint, it heads from the commercial factory to a defence factory. team is committed to innovating for the future and fulfilling That’s where the P-8 receives the defence systems that make it a the company’s core values of safety, quality, and integrity. 46 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Indra’s VR Simulation System Halves Training Time of Pilots

Indra has recently developed the SIMCUI, a new multi-purpose and interoperable simulation system that’s easy to transport and install anywhere. It can halve the time required to train a civilian or military pilot of any type of plane, whether it be a fixed-wing, rotary-wing or remotely piloted aircraft. The company has developed a high-quality and cost-effective system that’s easy to maintain and operate. It’s been designed to enable every two or three students to have their own simulator so that they can complete all their training on it. The number of flight hours is thus multiplied, and the theory is learned directly in the simulator. The system incorporates The SIMCUI system virtual reality glasses that increase the realism but also allow the students to connect from home to continue with their simulates 18 different types training. They can also help the pilots prepare for higher-risk of aircraft flights and, in the military sphere, training and tactical flights. The solution also incorporates Artificial Intelligence algorithms to measure the performance of each of the pilots and analyse their strengths and any room for improvement. The controls and throttle levers are quickly and easily inter- The development of this system uses flight models fully changed, depending on the type of aircraft in which the ex- adapted to the needs and degree of realism required by each ercise is to be performed. A motion platform can optionally customer, whether it be a small flight academy, an airline, or be added. an entire air force. Indra has also prepared this system to train pilots of remotely It currently has 18 simplified models ranging from a Boeing operated aircraft. More specifically, the SIMCUI incorporates 737 and the F18 fighter jet to Beechcraft and Tecnam light air- the flight model of the Targus, an optionally manned MALE craft models and Sikorsky and Airbus civil and military heli- (medium-altitude long-endurance) aircraft, which Indra has copters, among many others. developed in partnership with the Government of Galicia as In order to multiply the number of simulators that a customer part of the Civil UAVs Initiative. can acquire, Indra has reduced the simulator’s structure to the The reduced weight of the SIMCUI’s structure makes it easy minimum while maintaining the highest possible visual qual- to move and install quickly wherever it’s required. In the mili- ity with the Invis4 system and employing touch panels that tary field, this means that it can be transported to the area of replicate the aircraft’s flight instrumentation in different con- operations to enable the pilots to prepare their missions be- figurations, depending on the type of aircraft. fore conducting them. 47 thyssenkrupp Marine Systems to Build Submarines for Germany and Norway Order comprises delivery of 2 submarines to German Navy and 4 to Norwegian Navy

with Kongsberg is by far the largest part of the 212CD project – a sign of how close the connection between Norway and Germany really is.” Norway and Germany had already entered into a cooperation in 2017 that goes beyond the construction of six new HDW thyssenkrupp Marine Systems has been commissioned Type 212CD submarines, as a new generation of the Type to build six identical Type 212CD submarines. The pro- 212A. The design of the Type 212A submarine, which has curement organisations of Norway and Germany signed proven itself in service with the German and Italian navies, the corresponding contracts recently. Due to the pan- will be further developed with the integration of advanced demic, the ceremony took place on a small scale and vir- technologies to expand the U212 family in Europe. This proj- tually; the customers were connected via video confer- ect is another important step towards deepening and ex- ence in Kiel, Germany. panding European cooperation in the field of defence. Post the event, thyssenkrupp Marine Systems CEO Dr Rolf Construction of the first boat will begin in 2023. Delivery of Wirtz said: “The 212CD order is a major milestone. The Norwe- the first submarine for the Norwegian Navy is expected for gian and German navies are getting the most modern sub- 2029, while delivery of the two boats for the German Navy is marines in the world. International and industrial teamwork scheduled for 2032 and 2034. In preparation for the order, will permanently shape cooperation in the maritime sector, thyssenkrupp has already initiated investments of around and we have created capacity utilisation for our company.” €250 million in 2019. The aim is to further develop thyssenk- Worth approximately 5.5 billion Euro, the order comprises rupp Marine Systems at the Kiel location into an international the delivery of two submarines to the German Navy and four centre of competence for the construction of conventional to the Norwegian Navy. submarines. Construction of a new shipbuilding hall has al- Also recently, thyssenkrupp Marine Systems and its Norwe- ready begun, and progress is visible at the shipyard site. gian industrial partner Kongsberg signed a cooperation agreement. Industrial cooperation between Germany and Norway is a cornerstone of the 212CD project – thyssenkrupp Type 212CD Features Marine Systems relies on Kongsberg for this and other proj- Displacement (surface): ~ 2,500 m³ ects on the world market. After signing the contract with Kongsberg, thyssenkrupp Length overall: ~ 73 m Marine Systems CFO Paul Glaser commented: “With Kongs- Beam: ~ 10 m berg, we have a strong partner with whom we will continue to realise many projects together in the future. The contract Height: ~ 13 m 48 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports

GE,Safran gies to market that will take the next generation of single-aisle to Develop aircraft to a new level of fuel efficiency and reduced emissions.” Olivier Andriès, CEO of Safran, added: “Our industry is in the midst of the most challenging times we have ever faced. We have to act now to accelerate our efforts to reduce our impact Sustainable on the environment. Since the early 1970s, breakthrough engine efficiency and reliability have been the hallmark of our historic partnership and our LEAP engine already reduces Jet Engine emissions by 15 per cent compared to previous generation engines.” GE Aviation and Safran have jointly launched a technol- The programme goals include reducing fuel consumption and ogy development programme targeting more than 20 CO2 emissions by more than 20 per cent compared to today’s per cent lower fuel consumption and CO2 emissions most efficient engines, as well as ensuring 100 per cent com- compared to today’s engines. patibility with alternative energy sources such as Sustainable The CFM RISE (Revolutionary Innovation for Sustainable En- Aviation Fuels and hydrogen. gines) programme will demonstrate a range of new, disrup- Central to the programme is propulsive efficiency for the -en tive technologies for future engines that could enter service gine, including developing an open fan architecture. This is a by the mid-2030s. key enabler to achieving significantly improved fuel efficiency The companies have also signed an agreement extending while delivering the same speed and cabin experience as cur- the CFM International 50/50 partnership to the year 2050, rent single-aisle aircraft. declaring their intent to lead the way for more sustainable Technology Roadmap aviation in line with the industry’s commitment to halve The programme’s joint engineering team has laid out a com- CO2 emissions by 2050. prehensive technology roadmap including composite fan John Slattery, President and CEO of GE Aviation, explained: blades, heat resistant metal alloys, ceramic matrix composites “The relationship between GE and Safran today is the stron- (CMCs), hybrid electric capability and additive manufacturing. gest it has ever been. Together, through the RISE technology The RISE programme includes more than 300 separate compo- demonstration programme, we are reinventing the future of nent, module and full engine builds. A demonstrator engine is flight, bringing an advanced suite of revolutionary technolo- scheduled to begin testing at GE and Safran facilities around 49

the middle of this decade and flight test soon thereafter. The Future of Flight CFM RISE programme targets Travis Harper is the GE product manager on the CFM RISE programme. 20 per cent lower emissions Harper’s life has always been full of planes. Growing up two blocks away from Midway Airport in Chicago, there always seemed to be a jet landing over his family home. “Through- replaced. Harper and a team of some of the world’s best aero- out my childhood, I was fascinated with aviation,” he says. “I space engineers intend to slash those numbers by another 20 would watch the planes take off and land and imagine hav- per cent, which would represent the greatest decarbonisation ing the opportunity to travel and experience the world.” gain it has ever achieved. It was that same fascination that helped set the course of Their ambitious vision depends on big advancements in en- Harper’s life. He pursued engineering degrees from North- gine architecture and technology. But the team is up to it. “I western University and Ohio State and earned a spot on a spend a lot of time with Safran, airframers and airlines,” Harper team at GE Aviation designing and manufacturing the says. world’s most advanced commercial jet engines. The fan at the front of this architecture is “open” because, un- The fascination with flight took him to Dubai, where he like other turbofan engines, it isn’t surrounded by a case. This helped Emirates Airline maintain its fleet of airplanes using open fan can help provide significant improvement in propul- GE technology, and to Seattle, where he supported Boeing’s sive efficiency, a key contributor to reduced emissions and efforts to bring the plane-maker’s 777X aircraft, powered by fuel consumption. “Our most sustainable solutions — the the GE9X engine, into service. ones that provide the greatest benefit — require an open-fan Now it has brought him to the latest chapter in his career — a architecture, as a matter of physics,” Harper says. leadership role on a team reinventing the future of flight. He That fan is the most eye-popping feature. The team plans to and his colleagues are developing the technology that make it from a special carbon fibre woven in three dimensions could ultimately lead to an engine that would use 20 per cent and injected with resin. Light and tough, the material allows less fuel and produce 20 per cent fewer CO2 emissions than engineers to go big and build rotors as large as 13 feet in di- the most efficient jet engines today. ameter, which, increases propulsive efficiency and bypass -ra CFM was founded nearly 50 years ago, and the partners tio. The bypass ratio is an extremely important number that agreed to extend the joint venture until the year 2050. The describes the relationship between the thrust the rotor (fan) company has delivered more than 35,000 engines to more generates and how much energy it takes to drive the rotor. than 600 operators worldwide. This fleet has logged more CFM engines have grown from an initial bypass ratio of 5:1 in than 1 billion engine flight hours the 1980s to the LEAP engine, which has a bypass ratio of 11:1. Since the first CFM engines entered service in the early 1980s, An open fan could achieve a bypass ratio above 70:1. Building the company has reduced its fuel consumption and a bigger fan isn’t the only way to make an engine more effi- CO2 emissions by 40 per cent compared with the engines it cient. Another approach involves improving the core of the engine that holds the compressor, combustor, turbine and The open fan can help provide other components that convert the fuel’s energy into efficient significant improvement in rotary motion. propulsive efficiency The RISE team is doing that by using another revolutionary material already tested in the LEAP engine and the GE9X. This material — called ceramic matrix composites, or CMCs — is one-third the weight of steel but can withstand temperatures as high as 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit, beyond the melting point of many advanced metallic superalloys. That increase in temperature improves an engine’s thermal efficiency. “As a child watching planes take off and land on the south side, I would never have dreamt that I would be leading our efforts to develop technologies that will make flying even more sustainable and available for generations to come,” says Harper. Reinventing the future of flight gives him that opportunity. Credit: GE Reports. 50 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports

AeroVironment Launches Crysalis, Next-gen Ground Control Solution

AeroVironment, Inc, recently introduced Crysalis, the company’s next-generation ground control solution. It is an integrated hardware and software-based ground control system (GCS) that provides command and control of compatible AeroViron- ment unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and their payloads, through an intuitive user experience (UX).

Built around three core elements – software, hardware, and an- duces cognitive load and training burden while enhancing tennas – Crysalis has been designed to make operating robotic situational awareness and battlefield collaboration. Through systems easier. It offers complete interchangeability, either as the easy-to-use Crysalis Control app, users can plan and exe- modular elements or turnkey systems, both adaptable to meet cute flight missions as well as navigate and control UAS assets specific mission requirements. Crysalis is cross-platform and and payloads with one-click access to critical information, compatible with Android, Microsoft Windows and Linux operat- modes and telemetry meta data. Additional operational par- ing systems. The new GCS is available in multiple configurations ticipants can gain enhanced situational awareness, share in- ranging from lightweight and wearable to mobile and com- formation and collaborate on tactical decisions by accessing mand centre systems that are modular and scalable. telemetry and downlink data through remote video terminals, The result is an adaptable, operationally simplified GCS solu- while also allowing them to capture data directly on their de- tion that empowers users with an advanced suite of features vices. The GCS standardises the user experience across all and capabilities to help them succeed in the full spectrum. AeroVironment small UAS platforms, simplifying the training Crysalis was designed with the operator in mind and its UX re- requirements and operation of Puma, Raven and Wasp. 51

“With the introduction of Crysalis, we are streamlining command and control of our small UAS and empowering warf- ighters with actionable intelligence at the speed of war to increase their tactical decision making,” said Wahid Nawabi, AeroVironment chairman and chief executive officer. “Crysa- lis can be integrated into our portfolio of intelligent, multi- AeroVironment domain robotic systems and deliver easy-to-use, yet powerful new capabilities that enable our customers to succeed in full spectrum operations.” Launches Crysalis, Next-gen The Crysalis GCS is available in scalable hardware configurations with all necessary software components pre-config- ured for quick mission deployment. These range from the Ground Control Solution Crysalis Ultralight GCS that provides full control of UAS and payloads through virtual control or tactile joysticks on a wearable smartphone configuration. The Ultralight Crysalis Crysalis Ultralight GCS will be as lightweight and portable as possible – weighing in at just three lbs including the Crysalis Controller Pro, batteries, cabling and Digital Data Link (DDL) transceiver, providing a wearable configuration and a 66 per cent reduction in weight versus its legacy GCS. While the Crysalis Command GCS is a command centre configuration featuring a ruggedised laptop. Every Crysalis GCS configuration is natively compatible with AeroVironment’s DDL radios and antennas, is designed for plug-and-play com- Crysalis provides command patibility with Nett Warrior and can integrate with both third- party command and control and battlefield management and control of UAS, through applications. an intuitive UX “As a software-based ecosystem, Crysalis will continue to develop and evolve based on customer needs and front-line user feedback with expanded aircraft command and control capabilities, software features and IoBT compatible functionality,” said Tom Vaneck, AeroVironment vice president of solu- Improves battlefield comms tion strategy. Dynamic Mission Management by enabling users to share Furthermore, with a built-in, pre-flight checklist, mission planning wizard, and touch-screen waypoint controls, op- real-time information erators are able to initiate flight operations quickly and safely while dynamic mission management enables them to adjust mission objectives on the fly. Additional operational participants can gain enhanced situational awareness, share information and collaborate on tactical decisions by Crysalis software-based platform provides peace of mind be- accessing telemetry and downlink data through remote cause it’s future proofed – allowing for future software upgrades, video terminals, while also allowing them to capture data feature improvements and expanded capabilities. directly on their devices. Moreover, the new GCS improves battlefield communication Backwards compatible with AeroVironment tactical UAS, an- and collaboration by enabling users to easily share real-time in- tennas and DDL radios, current customers will be able to up- formation and coordinate mission-critical decisions. It also builds grade their GCS capabilities by adding the Crysalis Controller upon AeroVironment’s legacy GCS and adapts to today’s net- Pro with nominal retraining required. For new customers, the work-centric battlefield environment. 52 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports

BAE Systems Bags US$600 M for AMPV Programme

BAE Systems won a contract worth up to US$600 million programme and has delivered at least one of each of the five from the U.S. Army for the sustainment and support of the variants designed for the family of vehicles. The sustainment Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) over the next five contract enables adding new capabilities and technologies years. The vehicle comes in five variants that have been on AMPVs throughout their time in service. designed to execute several different missions while op- “The AMPV family of vehicles will bring unmatched capability erating on the front lines. to the battlefield and has demonstrated outstanding surviv- The AMPV design leverages Bradley and M109A7 Self Pro- ability and force protection as well as flexibility and growth for pelled Howitzer modernisation and risk reduction investment the future,” said Bill Sheehy, the AMPV programme director at to optimise mobility, vehicle electronics, and integrated mis- BAE Systems. “This contract will allow for future upgrades sion equipment performance. The vehicles are known for de- through the development and integration of new capability livering enhanced underbody protection. sets onto existing variants.” BAE Systems is currently in low-rate production for the AMPV The all-new AMPV is the first tracked combat vehicle built 53

the AMPV family include: The General Purpose (GP) vehicle: It operates throughout the battle space for the purpose of conducting resupply, maintenance, alternate casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) from point of injury and first sergeants’ vehicle for the Combined The contract enables Arms Battalion. The GP accommodates a driver, commander and four soldiers. For CASEVAC, the vehicle can be reconfig- adding new capabilities ured to accommodate a supine litter casualty without inter- ference or displacement of crew or equipment. and technologies on The Mortar Carrier (MC): This vehicle provides immediate, responsive, heavy mortar fire support to the Armoured Bri- AMPVs gade Combat Team (ABCT) in the conduct of fast-paced of- fensive operations by utilising the M121 Mortar System and the M95 Mortar Fire Control System. The MC provides logisti- cal resupply, casualty evacuation and treatment, command post operations, and heavy mortar fire support for the ABCT. Equipped with a springboard to modernisation and increased capability, the MC variant provides the agility soldiers need to support a variety of missions. The Medical Evacuation variant: The vehicle provides immediate treatment or evacuation at the point of injury to either ambulatory or litter casualties. Ambulatory patients are able to walk into the vehicle on their own and sit upright for treatment, while carrying on the fight when necessary. The Medical Evacuation vehicle’s proven medical capabilities include a medical treatment area, reconfigurable ambulatory capacity of six and an evacuation medical equipment set. It can accommodate up to six ambulatory patients or four litter patients. It employs equipment common to civilian ambu- lances. Furthermore, the vehicle is capable of manoeuvring with the ABCT in the toughest terrain. The AMPV is ready to integrate the technology and capa- AMPV is known for bilities required to complete any mission on the battlefield. This includes the ability to enhance power generation ca- delivering enhanced pability to enable future electronic and network connectivity upgrades.Moreover, the vehicle’s enhanced armour pro- underbody protection tection utilise reactive armour tiles and common spall liner and applique to increase defence against threats. The AMPV features enhanced underbelly protection and automatic fire from the ground up for the U.S. Army in more than two de- suppression systems in crew and engine compartments. Im- cades. The survivable and mobile family of vehicles address- proved network connectivity and Beyond Line-of-Sight ca- es the critical need to replace the Vietnam War-era M113s pability through the addition of digital satellite communica- and provides improvements in power, mobility, interopera- tions hardware and software also help the ABCT connect bility, and survivability for the Armoured Brigade Combat with their entire team in every scenario. Team over the legacy family of vehicles. Work on the AMPV programme takes place across BAE Sys- Different Variants tems’ industrial network, which includes facilities in Aiken, The U.S. Army received the first Medical Treatment AMPV last South Carolina, Anniston, Alabama, Phoenix, Arizona, Ster- December, marking the delivery of at least one of each vari- ling Heights, Michigan, and York, Pennsylvania. ant to the Army. The first production AMPV was a Mission Reference Text/Photo: Command variant delivered last year. The other variants in www.baesystems.com 54 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Blackcloud International’s OSINT Fosters Data-driven Decisions

Blackcloud International, a leading Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) company, provides enterprise solutions that foster data-driven decisions and advance national security interests in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and around the world. The ownership group, with over 70 years combined experience directing large, disperse multinational initiatives across Africa, South/Southeast Asia and the Middle East, are recognised experts in the fields of OSINT, Web Intelligence (WEBINT), Signals Intelligence, Counterterrorism, and Information Technology. The company employs data analytics and AI to produce objective analyses Dr Keith Noble

In serving as the end-to-end OSINT service provider, Blackcloud reporting; social media network analysis; deep/dark web International strives to pre-empt threats through monitoring monitoring; social engineering and campaign design/execu- and collecting relevant data from the deep, dark and open web. tion; anonymous web browsing; social listening and popula- The company employs data analytics and artificial intelligence tion engagement; custom natural language processing (NLP), (AI) to produce objective analyses and reports and offer state-of- machine learning and AI algorithms; illicit finance, sanctions the-art infrastructure environments that enhance cybersecurity and export control monitoring; and data centre management. and protect communications. Additionally, Blackcloud’s Analyst Training Programme—cer- Moving forward, and through the consistent delivery of timely, tified by the International Association for Intelligence Educa- value-added solutions, Blackcloud aspires to serve as the re- tion—offers an interactive learning and skills development gion’s trusted OSINT partners. Specifically, it can build, staff and experience that combines focused, task-oriented training manage world-class data analytics and training centres that en- workshops with subsequent phases of live, hands-on utilisa- able global coverage; support indications and warning intelli- tion to convert theoretical knowledge into practical skills. gence; and promote OSINT, WEBINT and cybersecurity capacity Upon completion, graduates are well positioned to operate at building. full performance in support of disparate mission sets. The firm’s CEO, Keith E. Noble, Ph.D., said: “We enhance our cli- Dr Noble added: “Despite recent advancements in AI and NLP, ent’s ability to further their domestic security/foreign policy there will always be a need for data-literate analysts with criti- objectives through the collection and exploitation of action- cal thinking skills.” able, timely data from classified reporting and publicly avail- At present, Blackcloud maintains an active presence in over 30 able information.” countries, covering more than 45 major languages. Likewise, With access to an extensive global network of award-winning their sophisticated open-source tools are capable of collect- technology companies and prime open-source data providers, ing and analysing structured and unstructured data in multi- Blackcloud provides the following tailored services: analyses and ple languages and dialects. 55 Rohde & Schwarz Plays Key Role in Modernising Brazilian Navy

Rohde & Schwarz was recently awarded a contract from the Águas Azuis Consortium to supply communications and intelligence suites for the Brazil- ian Navy’s Tamandaré Frigates Class programme. Rohde & Schwarz will be responsible for the development, design, production, integration and acceptance of the external and internal communication suite and will supply communication electronic support measures (C-ESM).

The Águas Azuis Consortium, formed by ian armed forces,” said Hansjörg thyssenkrupp Marine Systems, Embraer De- NAVICS ensures a Herrbold, Vice President Market fense & Security and Atech, has been select- Segment Navy Rohde & Schwarz. ed by the Brazilian Navy to construct four multilevel security “An added value is that with Rohde surface combatants based on the MEKO & Schwarz Do Brazil we have a A100 design as part of the Tamandaré Frig- architecture that strong local base for engineering ates Class programme. support, integration, services and The Tamandaré class frigates will feature allows secure maintenance – a solid footprint that high combat power and be capable of coun- comms enables local industrial partners to tering multiple threats and protect maritime provide naval communications and traffic and deny the use of the sea. The ves- intelligence system support.” sels will carry out defence missions of the As a system integrator and manu- Brazilian coast. In addition, they will be em- facturer of all core components, Ro- ployed in the patrol of Brazilian Jurisdictional Waters, with an hde & Schwarz delivers turnkey solutions. This leads to higher emphasis on the inspection and protection of economic ac- reliability, performance and efficiency. In addition to external tivities, mainly oil and fisheries. All vessels will be built in Brazil communications, NAVICS provides onboard communications with delivery scheduled between 2024 and 2029. and ensures a multilevel security architecture that allows se- Rohde & Schwarz will provide the external communications cure, trusted and tamper-proof communications, i.e., third architecture, the modern and fully IP-based integrated com- parties will not be able to interfere with information exchange. munications system (NAVICS) of the frigates, and cutting- The company’s naval C-ESM passive sensor and antenna solu- edge antenna systems. tions enable the frigate to exploit the electromagnetic spec- “Rohde & Schwarz already has systems installed onboard na- trum and adversary communications in order to counter con- val vessels (Baroso class) and with the air force. This means the ventional and asymmetric threats against their coastlines, na- current solution will extend joint interoperability in the Brazil- tional borders and logistics channels. 56 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Collins Begins Electric Motor Fabrication for Airlander 10

The path to a zero-carbon Airlander 10 Collins is designing and testing the motor at its Electronic has picked up pace with Collins Aero- Controls and Motor Systems Center of Excellence in Solihull, space, a Raytheon Technologies UK, where it recently invested US$18 million to expand the business, announcing it has com- campus and strengthen power electronics and motor devel- pleted critical design review and opment capabilities. started fabrication of a 500 kilo- Marc Holme, senior director, Electronic Controls and Motor watt electric motor for the air- Systems for Collins Aerospace, explained: “Airlander 10 has the craft under a partnership with potential to be the world’s first zero-emission aircraft, while pi- Hybrid Air Vehicles and the Uni- oneering game-changing electric flight technologies in the versity of Nottingham. process. As the aerospace industry continues to look for ways Airlander 10 is poised to offer a to reduce its carbon footprint, electric propulsion offers a sig- unique combination of low nificant solution that will create a more sustainable future for emissions, fuel burn, noise and our industry and our planet.” operating costs. The preparation It is all about a sustainable vision for aviation. Airlander uses a process is visibly on a smooth combination of proven aerospace technologies from a mix- track. The flight qualification test- ture of airships (hull fabric and helium), fixed-wing aircraft ing of the motor is expected to oc- (composite structures, engines, and avionics), and helicopters cur in 2023, followed by hybrid-elec- (vectored thrust). It is this formula that makes Airlander a cut- tric operation of Airlander 10 by 2025 ting edge aircraft with game changing capability. and all-electric, zero-emission opera- Airlander’s helium-filled hull and low flight speed make it a tion by 2030. low-vibration and low-G aircraft (a condition where the air- The aircraft’s four fuel-burning engines will frame is temporarily unloaded), which improves reliability. be replaced by Collins’ 500 kilowatt electric mo- Airlander also has features that make it inherently safer than tors—beginning with the two forward engines in other aircraft. This is particularly true in comparison to helicop- 2025 and the two rear engines in 2030. ters, as it is not reliant on any single engine. 57 Collins Begins

Flight qualification testing of motor is expected to occur in 2023

Using the buoyant lift of helium lessens the fuel burn required tric propulsor for ground testing and technologies just to keep the aircraft airborne – most of the airframe’s ready for future production. These technologies weight is countered by the helium’s buoyancy. In its current will be directly applicable to a future Airlander configuration, Airlander 10 produces nearly 75 per cent few- 10. er emissions than comparable aircraft in similar roles. Airlander 10’s ability to support a broad The Airlander programme is poised to address key goals of range of activities from passenger travel the UK Aerospace Technology Strategy: strengthening the to fisheries protection makes it the ideal UK’s aerospace capabilities, positioning the country for devel- platform for pioneering electric pro- oping future generations of civil aircraft, and advancing a new pulsion in civil aircraft. generation of efficient propulsion technologies. Mark Scully, the Aerospace Technolo- Research Project gy Institute’s Head of Technology – Hybrid Air Vehicles (HAV) is committed to the zero-carbon Advanced Systems & Propulsion, aviation future, and Airlander is suited to achieving this goal. elaborated: “The Aerospace Technol- The aircraft has the potential to carry future battery and solar ogy Institute has clearly identified the cell technology at the scale required to achieve ultra-low and importance of technology develop- zero-carbon operations. HAV has partnered with industry and ments to support sustainable aviation research to develop electric engines suitable for Airlander 10. through the UK Aerospace Technology The research project to develop the electric motor, E-HAV1, Strategy, Accelerating Ambition. The Hy- was co-funded by the Aerospace Technology Institute Pro- brid Air Vehicles Airlander 10 offers a gramme, a joint UK government and industry investment. It is unique opportunity to deploy innovative, delivered through a partnership between the Aerospace high performance motor technology from Technology Institute, Department for Business, Energy & In- Collins Aerospace initially in hybrid propulsion dustrial Strategy and Innovate UK, and addresses technology, and, in the future, all electric propulsion configu- capability and supply chain challenges. rations. These technology developments will enable E-HAV1 project, will deliver a full-sized prototype 500kW elec- economic growth and jobs in the UK aerospace sector.” 58 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports CAE UK to Provide Poseidon MRA1 Training Services

CAE recently announced that CAE UK plc has been Operational Flight Trainers (OFTs) jointly developed by CAE awarded a contract by Boeing to provide Poseidon MRA1 and Boeing. CAE designs and manufactures the Poseidon training support services to the UK’s Royal Air Force OFT hardware to Level D standards, reportedly the highest (RAF). qualification for flight simulators. The initial five-year contract, awarded during CAE’s fourth CAE’s Defence & Security business unit focuses on helping quarter of fiscal year 2021, will see CAE UK plc provide a prepare customers to develop and maintain the highest lev- range of instructors and console operators to support the els of mission readiness. It is a world-class training and mis- delivery of training at the Boeing-built Poseidon Strategic Fa- sion systems integrator offering a comprehensive portfolio cility located at RAF Lossiemouth in Scotland. The Boeing of training and operational support solutions across multi- P-8A, designated the Poseidon MRA1 for the RAF, is a multi- domain operations – air, land, sea, space and cyber. The com- role Maritime Patrol Aircraft designed for Anti-Submarine pany serves the global defence and security customers Warfare, Anti-Surface Unit Warfare, surveillance and search through regional operations in Canada; U.S./Latin America; and rescue missions. Europe/Middle East; and Asia-Pacific. “We are pleased to partner with Boeing to deliver this critical training to the Royal Air Force,” said Andrew Naismith, Man- aging Director, CAE UK plc. “The Poseidon will play a key role in the intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and re- CAE UK will provide a range connaissance capabilities for the UK and it requires highly of rear crew and engineering trained aircrew to fully maximise these capabilities. We look forward to playing a key role in the preparation and readi- instructors ness of the aircrew who will operate the Posei- don for the RAF.” As part of the contract, CAE UK will provide a range of rear crew and engineering instructors. Rear crew instructors will deliver training on acoustics, electronic warfare and other sensor and mission systems on the Poseidon. While engineering instructors will deliver training on avionics and other systems required for the maintenance and operation of the aircraft. In addition, CAE UK will provide console operators and controllers who will perform role playing and support functions during training and mission rehearsal exercises. Boeing will provide the flight instructors to train Poseidon pilots. A significant portion of the pilot training will take place in the two Poseidon 59 Diehl Delivers Recertification, Repair Kits for Anti-Ship Missiles

Diehl Defence received an order on port the navy in setting up an inde- July 1, from the Federal Office of Contract covers pendent logistic for primary weapon Bundeswehr Equipment, Information systems. Technology and In-Service Support training of High Manoeuvrability (BAAINBw) for the delivery of recerti- With a range of more than 200 kilome- fication and repair equipment for the Bundeswehr tres, the guided missile RBS15 Mk3, heavy anti-ship missile RBS15 Mk3 to personnel on site jointly developed with the Swedish in- the ammunition supply centre North dustry partner Saab, not only allows in Laboe, Germany. the engagement of sea target at a safe Diehl Defence is one of the global technology leaders in the distance but also the precise engagement of land targets. development and production of guided missiles and am- The all-weather capable fire-and-forget missile disposes of a munition for armies, air forces and navies. The company high manoeuvrability and is particularly ruggedised against also offers advanced system solutions for ground-based air electronic countermeasures and is difficult to detect due to defence. its low radar and infrared radiation signature rendering an en- The German Navy will now be enabled to carry out repairs gagement almost impossible. and recertifications as well as inspections of the main arma- The Mk3 version is based on the proven predecessor RBS15 ment of their new Braunschweig corvettes on its own. This Mk2 in service with the Swedish Navy and other naval forces. will simplify logic processes and increase the functional ca- RBS15 Mk3’s state-of-the-art tracking and targeting technol- pability of the weapon system for operation. ogy ensures an all-terrain advantage, giving armed forces the Besides the set-up and putting into operation of respective ability to coordinate attacks from sea and land. system in the ammunition depot, the contract covers the With advanced decision support and smart autonomous training of Bundeswehr personnel on site. technology, one can be confident of hitting the target from The scope of delivery includes test and inspection equip- any area. ment, workplace equipment, auxiliary means and operat- In early 2017, the two industrial partners decided to continue ing resources as well as basic service of spare parts for mis- development of the missile family. In addition to the ship- sile repair. based version, the new generation is to be made available for This offer is a further opportunity for Diehl Defence to sup- fighter aircraft as well. 60 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 THE OF THE Reports FUTURE USSPS Project to Improve AEROSPACE INDUSTRY Maritime Surveillance

USSPS system will combine innovative solutions for integration of C5ISTAR capabilities

Antonios Peppas, CEO, ETME & Alain Guillou, Naval Group

The European Commission through the European De- With ETME, as leader of the consortium, and Naval Group as fence Industrial Development Programme (EDIDP) re- Technical coordinator, the consortium brings together sev- cently selected the USSPS solution, developed by the eral European industrial actors (Navantia, Applied Intelli- European consortium led by the Greek company ETME gence Analytics Limited, Prolexia, Multimedia Workshop, with defence manufacturers Naval Group and Navan- Sener Aeroespacial, SIGNALGENERIX, SMST Designer & tia. USSPS will develop a system to improve maritime Constructors, Techlam, Tecnobit Slu, Unmanned Teknolo- surveillance by exploiting unmanned semi-fixed plat- gies Applications) as well as research centres (CY.R.I.C Cy- forms at sea. The results were announced at the end of prus Research and Innovation Center, Foundation For Re- a highly contested competition. search And Technology Hellas (FORTH) and Stichting Mari- The project ‘Development of Unmanned Semi-fixed Sea tiem Research Instituut Nederland). Platforms for Maritime Surveillance’ (USSPS) will develop Together, they will create an innovative and high-value so- the backbone of an advance (C5ISTAR) federated system of lution to secure and protect various maritime areas allow- systems. It will integrate legacy assets and systems with in- ing to cover both air, surface and underwater dimensions novative solutions, aiming to improve maritime surveil- thanks to suitable sensors. lance capabilities, reduce high value asset utilisation and Naval Innovation Join us as we launch a range of new mission related costs, and provide cross-domain persistent Naval Group has been present in Greece since 2008. As a 14-18 November 2021 features including new content streams, and permanent maritime situational awareness. bidder in the frigates programme, the company designed a DWC, Dubai Airshow Site emerging technologies showcase, Emerging from the original patented concept of platforms robust Hellenic Industry Participation plan to develop new intelligent matchmaking platform, enhanced developed by ETME, the USSPS system will combine inno- capacities in the Greek industry, sustaining several hun- networking and much more in a live format. vative solutions for the integration and coordination of dreds of highly qualified jobs and generating long-term www.dubaiairshow.aero C5ISTAR capabilities to generate maritime surveillance economic spin-offs in Greece. According to a company Book your space today: [email protected] Follow us on: | | | | #DubaiAirshow networks of sensors based on semi fixed unmanned plat- statement, Naval Group’s objective is to further develop its forms. local footprint through partnerships with industry, re- The project will develop an unmanned highly autono- search and academic partner. Beyond the frigates pro- CommerCIal Aviation | Aircraft Interiors | MRO | Business Aviation | Air Traffic Management gramme, it seeks to support the development of the future mous, energy efficient and miniaturised oil rig technology- Space | Defence & Military | Air Cargo | Emerging Technologies NEW based platform capable to integrate a wide range of air, Hellenic naval warfare capabilities through R&D projects surface and underwater sensors. The platforms will enable with Hellenic companies, universities and research insti- deployment in any geographical region, including all types tutes in cutting-edge technologies such as additive manu- of sea-beds and deep-sea regions, and operation under facturing, predictive maintenance, drones or naval mission Supported by: adverse environmental conditions. systems. THE FUTURE OF THE 61 USSPS Project to Improve AEROSPACE INDUSTRY Maritime Surveillance

Join us as we launch a range of new 14-18 November 2021 features including new content streams, DWC, Dubai Airshow Site emerging technologies showcase, intelligent matchmaking platform, enhanced networking and much more in a live format. www.dubaiairshow.aero Book your space today: [email protected] Follow us on: | | | | #DubaiAirshow

Supported by: 62 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Deep Dive into the World of Submarines

By: Caio Mussolini, ITN former Submarine Officer

The recent accident of the Indonesian submarine Nangg- ala-402 brought the attention to the intrinsic sailing risks of submarines and, notwithstanding the Hollywood mov- ies, still remain a quite unknown reality for the majority of the people. Even visiting a submarine is more complex and difficult than visiting a ship, so let’s explore the submarine world further. As anticipated in a previous article, it is more appropriate to consider a submarine like an airplane, instead of a ship, with all the risks deriving from moving in a three-dimension environment and associated dangers. This peculiarity is one of the reasons why the submarines’ crews are usually trained more than other navy crews, before and during the period on board mainly focusing on safety and emergency that is considered Navigation and Emergency Submarine Trainer, Ph. Marina Militare Maricosom paramount. Technical Skills further period of apprenticeship at sea. Contrary to ships, the entire submarine’s crew (enlisted, petty- I will not explore the warfare or engineering specific operative officer and officers) is made of volunteer. Before joining the training courses, instead I’ll focus on emergency training, submarine training process usually, they must pass medical which gives to the crewmates all the skills to respond to any and psychological selection tests, in addition to assessments dangerous event in a correct way or to leave a distressed sub- and oral examinations. marine. Skills are the result of drills and procedures – improved Being a submariner is highly demanding from a technical after any event or experience – that should increase the proba- point of view, and each member of the crew must have a deep bility of success after any event that can jeopardise the subma- knowledge of the submarine and all the systems and circuits rines or crew safety. existing onboard. The training programme for new submari- Instinctive Damage Control ners is usually divided in two parts: a basic course on-ground The whole submarine’s crew is trained to fight any casualty in premises (where the engineering and submarine fundamen- an “instinctive” way developing, through continuous drills dur- tals are taught) that last from three up to six months, and a ing the sailing, all the skills required to contrast any emergency 63

In the escape trunk, the lower hatch is opened to allow the access of the trainer and then shut. It is filled with water and brought to the same outside pressure with HP air. This allows the opening of the outside hatch, leaving the trainer free to rise up to the surface thanks to the expansion of the air in the hood, that provides buoyancy and a bubble of air to breathe. Submarine Rescue Bell This is a mechanic rescue system derived from the Mc Cann Bell and needs the support of a ship. Modern Submarine Rescue bell are designed for the rescue of up to nine DISSUB (DIStressed SUBmarine) personnel, The SEIE MK-10 on the surface after escape throughout the escape hatch and crewed by two operators. The cylinder capsule is composed of three independent sub- situation. systems: the upper lock, the lower trunk and the ballast water The most common areas of training are firefighting, water tanks. The maximum allowable internal pres- leakage, blackout and lack of power, emergency rise, rudder sure is 5 bar / 6ATA and the maximum depth problems, emergency torpedo launch, gas or smoke pres- rating of a SR is 300 msw. ence onboard. Escape drills are carried out necessarily Drills are periodically executed taking advantages of the with the participation of a support training centres onshore also, where it is possible to simulate ship, and a submarine bottom- a real emergency situation, like fire onboard or water leakag- ing at a safe depth (e.g., 60/80 es from pipes or valves. metres). The system suffers Most of the Navies have dedicated training centres, where all due to strong underwater the submariners follow the individual or team training cours- current and submarine es in operative and safety topics. pitch/roll on the seabed. The most developed have premises with hydraulic simulators However, the reduced of the submarine’s control room, that replicates the equip- acquisition costs and ment and consoles of a real submarine and managed by a easiness of manage- software that can simulate any operative situation to the limit, ment (and mainte- and analyse at a later time the crew’s reactions, decisions and nance) make the new response to simulated emergencies. updated version of this Escape Training system a very good so- In case of submarine distress, depending on the depths, there lution for small Navies. are some methods and procedures that can be used to leave SRV to the Rescue the submarine. There is the individual escape, and the groups The most modern Sub- escape. marine Rescue Vehicle The individual escape consists in leaving the submarine from (SRV) is an underwater the hatch, with a special designed suit (e.g., the series Subma- remotely operated system, rine Escape Immersion Equipment, SEIE) designed to allow a launched from a moon pool free ascent from a distressed submarine, providing protection (it offers the highest reliabili- against the cold and due the bright colour easy to localise ty and safety standards when reaching the surface waiting to be rescued. even in extreme sea condi- This escape’s system can be employed usually up to 150, max- tions thanks to the rail imum 180 metres depth, at a rate of 7/8 persons per each exit guides and protection of a trunk per hour. Consider that possible health consequences passive cursor) or from or diseases increase with the escape depth, so a quick surface fixed/portable Launch and support for the escapers is needed. Recovery System (LARS) A- Training on this escape technique is carried out periodically in Frame type. dedicated “escape trunk” ground facilities, where it is possible The “Ciro” (Core Installa- to simulate all the procedure to leave the submarine. tion for Rescue Opera- The Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment suit (SEIE) th 64 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 NOVEMBER 29 Reports st TO DECEMBER 1 BOGOTA-C OLOMBIA SVS – A Key Priority

One of the first actions to do after locating a DISSUB (identification of the DATUM) is to provide fresh air and heat to the survivors. A state-of-the-art SVS system is designed to provide sufficient ventilation to a DISSUB even in the most challenging and distressed emergency situations. BOGOTA, INTERNATIONAL Saipem-Drass Deep Rescue Vehicle Compared to onboard traditional systems, a modern HUB OF LATIN AMERICA SVS is based on the utilisation of an underwater ven- tions) model, recently selected by the Italian Navy as a SRV for tilation capsule, containing a suction compressor, AND THE CARIBBEAN the new SDO-SuRS (Special & Diving Operations – Submarine which is, therefore, positioned immediately adjacent FOR SECURITY Rescue Ship, the new vessel for the rescue of submarines), is to the DISSUB (around 15 metres). A ROV extracts AND DEFENSE equipped with a new variable inclination skirt to mate with the suction and supply hoses from the dedicated the DISSUB if pitched and/or rolled, and allowing faster adjust- pods installed in the capsule, and these cables are ment to better pair on the DISSUB. This system can transport connected to the air ventilation and signal ports on up to 19 people (with the possibility to increase the capacity the external surface of the DISSUB. up to 25 in emergency conditions) per trip and can operate Thanks to the minimal size and length of the suction with significant wave up to sea state 6. line, the compressor can satisfy the requirement of The use of a standard Working Remotely Operated Vehicle air recirculation without any pressure build-up in- (WROV), not integrated with the rescue capsule, allows an side the DISSUB, thereby operating at atmospheric easy plug and play connection. In addition, there is the possi- pressure. By maintaining the atmospheric pressure bility to use the WROV as a stand-alone unit for other purposes in the submarine, the evacuation of the DISSUB is thanks to the dual use capacity of the system especially for the achieved with a simpler, safer and faster procedure ATTEND THE LEADING HUB FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY IN LATIN AMERICA first subsea intervention phases in a DISSUB Scenario. at every depth, avoiding complex and long decom- WITH THE NEWEST TECHNOLOGY IN LAND, AIR AND MARITIME DOMAINS. As the WROV is an industrial and well proven technology, there pression procedures or transfer under pressure to a is the possibility to train also the end-user personnel on indus- hyperbaric chamber after the rescue from the sub- trial simulators and on Industrial and Offshore applications, marine. without the need to operate in real submarine rescue scenari- In the event of distressed submarine, it is of utmost os. This allows keeping the WROV pilots trained and updated importance to put in place all the actions to guaran- at all times, with unlimited possibility for personal growth and tee the highest level of success in the search and res- reducing associated costs at the same time. In addition, there cue operation. The submarine’s crew, the support are many subsea activities that could be performed by a WROV ship’s crew and the DISSUB Support Team must be 2 keeping the operators trained in real scenarios, sharing costs trained and have access to the most modern, effi- 251 10,359 m 75 13,000 exhibitors from of exhibition o cial participants between different Government Branches for various activities cient equipment available on the market. It is an in- 26 countries area delegations from from 47 countries not only SMER (SubMarine Escape & Rescue) if any. vestment that cannot be waived and must be a pri- 24 countries Regarding the endurance, the use of the umbilical cable gives ority for all the Navies with a Submarines Fleet in unlimited mission duration; the mission will reportedly never service. 2019 ﬁgures end due to limits of the battery. In addition, the use of an “umbilical” guarantee power to use more powerful thrusters to ef- Submarine Ventilation System (SVS) fectively contrast underwater current. Furthermore, the possibility to connect many different payloads to the docking plate of the WROV makes the SRV a real dual-use system, allowing www.expodefensa.com.co alternative payloads not only for defence applications but also industrial and offshore ones, with major benefits for the final Supported by Organized by user’s country. th NOVEMBER 2965 st TO DECEMBER 1 BOGOTA-C OLOMBIA

BOGOTA, INTERNATIONAL HUB OF LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN FOR SECURITY AND DEFENSE

ATTEND THE LEADING HUB FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY IN LATIN AMERICA WITH THE NEWEST TECHNOLOGY IN LAND, AIR AND MARITIME DOMAINS.

251 10,359 m2 75 13,000 exhibitors from of exhibition o cial participants 26 countries area delegations from from 47 countries 24 countries

2019 ﬁgures

www.expodefensa.com.co

Supported by Organized by 66 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Switzerland Selects F-35A, Backbone of Allied Airpower

Lockheed Martin recently won the fighter competition to replace Switzerland’s ageing F-5E/F Tiger IIs and F/A-18C/Ds. The contract is for 36 of the company’s F-35As for nearly US$5.5 billion. The deal adds a 15th nation to one of the world’s largest weapons projects – a family of interconnect- ed single-engine jets that will be used by the U.S. and its allies and partners.

The deal comes alongside a US$2.1 billion contract to purchase analyse and share data, is a powerful force multiplier that en- the Patriot surface-to-air missile system from Raytheon. hances all airborne, surface and ground-based assets in the Other contenders were Boeing’s F/A-18 Super Hornet, French battlespace. Dassault’s Rafale and the four-nation Eurofighter built by Ger- The F-35 carries weapons internally in stealth configuration, many, and Spain, backed by Airbus, Italy’s Leonardo and Brit- or externally in permissible environments with greater than ain’s BAE Systems. 18,000 pounds of total ordinance. The Pratt & Whitney F135 F-35’s fifth-generation capability is defined by the combina- engine’s fifth-generation propulsion capabilities provide the tion of Very Low Observable stealth, advanced sensors, infor- F-35 the technological edge to fight and win. mation fusion and network connectivity – all packaged within The aircraft reportedly has one of the most advanced sensor in a supersonic, long range, highly manoeuvrable fighter. suites of any fighter in history, including the Active Electroni- With this advanced technology, the F-35 multi-role fighter is cally Scanned Arrays (AESA) radar that provides long-range capable of successfully executing various missions, including intelligence, Distributed Aperture System (DAS) that sends new scenarios not traditionally fulfilled by legacy fighters. high resolution real-time imagery to the pilot’s helmet from Where fourth generation fighters are forced to adapt to this ad- six infrared cameras mounted around the aircraft, Electro vancing battlespace, the F-35 shifts the power dynamic and is Optical Targeting System (EOTS), which combines forward- able to define the battlespace that adversaries will need to looking infrared and infrared search and track functionality. adapt to. More than a fighter jet, the F-35’s ability to collect, Moreover, the Helmet Mounted Display System (HMD) pro- 67

for the safe operation of F-35Bs on the upgraded Italian Navy F-35’s ability to collect, flagship aircraft carrier ITS Cavour. The UK’s Carrier Strike Group 21 deployment will offer multi- analyse and share data, is a ple opportunities to F-35s to demonstrate interoperability between not only the U.S. and UK., but also with nations powerful force multiplier across the NATO alliance. In May, during exercise Astral Knight 21 – a joint, multinational U.S. Air Force-led exercise – American and Italian F-35s demonstrated the F-35’s JADO capabilities by integrating F-35s recently demonstrated with fourth-generation NATO assets and providing situational awareness. During the exercise, U.S. Air Force maintainers JADO capabilities by conducted hot-pit operations and cross-servicing with Ital- integrating with fourth-gen ian F-35s. F-35s have also begun supporting NATO’s Air Policing mis- NATO assets sion in both Iceland and Estonia. Italian and Norwegian F-35s have already completed missions providing 24/7 intercept vides pilots with unmatched situational awareness in di- capabilities to safeguard the skies in the High North and pre- verse conditions. serve the security of Allied air space, with specific operations Strengthening Global Security operating out of Keflavik Air Base, Iceland. NATO members in the F-35 programme of record include In May, four Italian Air Force F-35As took over NATO’s Baltic Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Air Policing mission – the first time Italian F-35s have de- Poland, the UK and U.S. By 2035, more than 500 F-35s will be ployed to Estonia, and the first-time fifth-generation aircraft stationed on the European continent across NATO member have supported NATO’s mission in the Baltic States. Shortly bases, including 48 U.S. Air Force F-35s (two squadrons) sta- thereafter, Italian Air Force pilots supporting NATO’s Baltic Air tioned at Royal Air Force Lakenheath in the UK. Policing mission executed the first ever intercept by an F-35 With more than 200 F-35s now delivered to international under NATO orders in the Baltic Sea. operators, the impact of the global fleet is substantial – Focus on Interoperability both in size and significance. The growth of the internation- The F-35 is also strengthening NATO partnerships beyond al F-35 fleet serves as a beacon of allied capability and part- the battlespace. Through joint training and shared produc- nership, bringing nations together to collaborate and tion and sustainment of the aircraft, NATO allies work side- strengthen global security for generations to come. by-side every step of the way. The collective fleet of F-35s across NATO countries are able The focus on interoperability begins with F-35 pilot training. to share information seamlessly amongst one another and In the centralised training programme at Luke Air Force Base, with fourth-generation aircraft, naval systems or ground as- Arizona, F-35 pilots develop and hone their skills in partner- sets, serving as a key node in the Joint All Domain Opera- ship with their allies. This allows the F-35 user community to tions (JADO) battlespace. In addition, the F-35’s ability to work side-by-side to establish common tactic, techniques, enter contested battlespace undetected will ensure that and procedures that are driving common concepts of opera- NATO forces can evade modern air defence systems. tions across nations and services. With users learning new, transformational, fifth-generation This partnership can also be seen in the global production tactics from each other, the F-35 is increasing NATO’s deter- and sustainment of the F-35. Components from NATO coun- rent capability. Several recent multinational exercises have tries are on every F-35 built for customers around the world. demonstrated the transformative effect of a multi-country In fact, nearly 26 per cent of all F-35 content by value is pro- fifth-generation fleet for NATO. vided by European companies alone. In March, Norwegian F-35s demonstrated “cross-platform From horizontal tails and the B variant’s Rolls-Royce LiftSys- data-sharing capabilities” with U.S. Air Force B-2 bombers tem from the UK., to landing gears parts from the Nether- off the coast of Iceland, where Royal Norwegian Air Force F- lands to radar components and machined parts from Den- 35As subsequently concluded a three-week NATO Icelandic mark, NATO partners contribute significantly to the F-35 Air Policing mission. global supply chain. That same month, the F-35 Joint Programme Office deliv- Reference Text/Photo: ered a flight clearance recommendation to the Italian Navy www.lockheedmartin.coM 68 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports Nexter Displays Philoctetes for the First Time At the first edition of the DEFEA (Defence Exhibition Ath- um-calibre ammunition alongside 40, 76, 100 and 127mm naval ens), that was held in Athens, Greece from July 13 to 15, ammunition, as well as protective smoke grenades. Nexter presented the VBCI (Véhicule Blindé de Combat In the field of medium-calibre guns, Nexter presented the 40CT d’Infanterie) Philoctetes for the first time. A complete in- gun on the VBCI Philoctetes, chosen by the French (RapidFire, fantry combat system, it is armed with a remotely operat- JAGUAR), British (Ajax) and Belgian (JAGUAR CaMo) armies. The ed 40mm CT (cased telescoped) turret from CTAI and a 40mm gives a real superiority of calibre compared to the 30mm medium-range missile launcher (MMP) from MBDA. CTAI and covers a wider range of targets (UAVs, aircrafts, light vehicles). is a 50/50 joint venture company between BAE Systems The 30mm gun was also highlighted, since it equips the Mirage and Nexter. 2000 (30x113) and Rafale (30x150) combat aircraft in Greece. In The system meets the Greek army’s requirements for mobility, addition, the P20 pintle-mount system, known for its perfor- protection, modularity and firepower. Named Philoctetes, in mance, ease of maintenance and reliability, was also highlighted reference to the mythological hero of the Trojan War, the vehi- at the stand. cle was displayed at Nexter’s stand in the livery of Greek mili- Finally, Nexter’s Robotics entity exhibited its Nerva range of tary machines. ground robots equipped with various mission modules, as well as The company also presented the 105 LG artillery gun, which is the IXOS multi-mission aerial drone, which can be equipped with perfectly suited to simple use requiring a highly deployable an optronic ball or an explosive charge to treat an individual tar- fire support capability. In order to meet the Greek Army’s artil- get. The purpose of Nexter Robotics is to design, develop, indus- lery ammunition requirements, Nexter exhibited its range of trialise, produce, market and support (directly or indirectly) ter- 105mm and 155mm conventional ammunition, its smart am- restrial and air-land robots, all associated mission components munition (BONUS and KATANA), as well as propellant charges and modules, as well as contract engineering and licensing, in the and fuses. In addition, a large sample of the ammunition cata- military and civilian public security domains. logue was seen on the stand: 20, 25, 30 and 40mm CT medi-

Philoctetes meets Greek army’s requirements for mobility, protection, modularity and firepower 69 Nexter French Air Force Displays Philoctetes Reinforces Training with Order of 9 PC-21 for the First Time In 2017, the French Air and Space Force (Armée de l’Air et air base from 2023, where PC-21s have been in use since 2018. de l’Espace) purchased 17 PC-21s and has successfully The first pilots concluded their training in 2020. With the latest trained its future military pilots on the modern training order, the PC-21 fleet will increase to a total of 26. system since then. The Air Force has now ordered a further Besides Switzerland and Spain, France is the third European nine PC-21s to reinforce its training programme with ad- nation to adopt the PC-21. Over 230 PC-21s are now in service ditional Pilatus training aircraft. with nine air forces worldwide. The PC-21 is also used to train The new French Air Force order highlights the efficiency of the future test pilots at the Empire Test Pilots’ School in Boscombe Pilatus training system. The PC-21s will be deployed to train fu- Down, England. ture military pilots who will subsequently step up to the na- Efficient Training System tion’s multi-role lead-fighter. The PC-21s all are set to replace To train the next generation of military pilots, Pilatus devel- the twin-engine jet trainers, which were previously used for oped the next generation trainer – the PC-21, designed and pilot training. built specifically with student pilots in mind. Given the ever- The French procurement authority, the Direction générale tighter cost pressure on air force budgets, the completely de l’armement (DGA), signed the agreement with F-AIR 21 newly developed PC-21 offers a highly efficient, smart plat- (Cognac Formation Aero SAS France), with Pilatus acting as form for training jet pilots. The PC-21 has extremely high the exclusive subcontractor for the supply of the nine PC-21s equipment and performance features to meet this need. The and other ground-based training systems and spare parts. system provides the single-engine turboprop with a mission The order will secure jobs in Switzerland, where the PC-21s spectrum that was previously reserved exclusively for jets. are produced. Furthermore, the PC-21 is more cost-effective to operate Markus Bucher, CEO, Pilatus said: “French evaluations are high- than a conventional jet trainer. Feedback from existing PC-21 ly professional, which again proves to us that we offer one of customers confirms that the Pilatus training system delivers the world’s best training systems in this market. I am delighted a reduction of over 50 per cent in the cost of training a pro- that the Armée de l’air et de l’espace has opted for further PC- spective military pilot. Flight simulators and other ground- 21s.” based learning materials also contribute to this integrated The PC-21s will be stationed at the Cognac-Châteaubernard concept.

Over 230 PC-21s are now in service with nine air forces worldwide 70 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports

A RevolutionDRONES in Quantum Military Affairs? The Impact of Emerging Technologies on 21st Century Defense Strategy

By: Patrick Bell

Secure battlefield communications invulnerable to hackers. Systems correctly identifying armoured targets with 98 or 99 per cent efficiency at a recent exercise. (Cox 2021). Swarms of drones launching a coordinated attack on oppos- ing forces in the Russo-Ukrainian conflict without human intervention. Each of these scenarios are within reach for nation-states employing systems using a combination of quantum computing and machine learning referred to as Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI). 71

Each of these scenarios also reveals the impact of cutting- decision becomes shorter. edge technologies on 21st Century Defense Strategy. Specif- Next strategic decision makers must take into account that ically, that defense strategies will have to be revised to ad- challenges and threats are merging and emergent phenom- dress three areas that taken together can be referred to as ena are becoming more prevalent. One example of this in the “quantum warfare” (Krelina 2021). These areas include new “dual use nature” of quantum technology. The same technol- capabilities, and increased effectiveness and precision. ogy that can be used to create secure, unhackable communi- Though technology has always sought to improve these cations can be used to break the traditional public key en- three areas, cutting-edge technologies in the 21st century cryption that underlies most military communications. Using are qualitatively different in that they incorporate aspects of the exponentially increasing speed of a quantum computers, the fourth industrial revolution. Where there is a “Fusion of current cryptographic techniques like public key encryption technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, will be vulnerable thus necessitating the creation of Quan- biological and technical spheres” (Schwab 2012) . This trend tum cryptography. can be seen not just in computing but also in other areas in- The impact of emerging technology on military strategy can cluding lethal autonomous weapons (Scharre 2018) and syn- already be seen in the statement of the U.S. Defense Secretary thetic biology (Gronvall 2018) . Together these technologies Lloyd Austin in recent statements at the Indo-Pacific Com- have ushered in what may be called a “Revolution in Quan- mand (INDOPAC) change of command ceremony on 30 April tum Military Affairs (Wendt 2020). 2021: The key to understanding each of these scenarios lies in un- “It means developing new operational concepts for things we derstanding the components of the “spooky action at a dis- already have. And it means investing in quantum computing tance” investigated beginning in the 1920s by scientists such and other cutting-edge capabilities for the future, all do- as Albert Einstein (Wendt 2020). Specifically, from a strategic standpoint, human decision making must take into account the increasing volume, velocity and variety of threats emergent from this latest revolution in military affairs. Strategic decision makers To address the impact of this latest revolution, strategic deci- must understand first that sion makers must understand first that the time between decision and action is rapidly closing. Decision makers have less the time between decision time to make a decision and yet have more data to analyse. This data as well as the programmes used to analyse it must and action is rapidly closing be programed to avoid inherent biases as the time to make a 72 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Reports

ENGAGE MORE AT

mains. Think of AI, which will help us make decisions with vall 2018). more speed and rigour.” (Austin 2021). What each of these emerging threats reveals is that a new The same pattern can be seen in other areas of emerging mind set is required to deal with the interactions of these technology, where information warfare techniques are ap- challenges and threats. Among the key implications is that plied to social media in the form of social lasing. “Social Las- military strategy must develop a new method for assessing ing” refers to the amplification of social action ( i.e. protests) risk that takes into account the key components of these through distribution of specific content on social networks emergent threats. But how can this be accomplished? This where individuals interact heavily in exchanging messages first step lies in applying a model based on so called “Quan- on a topic that is designed to promote a specific narrative. By tum Risk Analysis” (Woerner 2019) to the four traditional stag- introducing specific narratives through messaging on a social es of risk assessment. Risk recognition, risk identification, risk network, a state or non-state actors can induce polarisation in analysis, and risk evaluation. Application of this so called the target community thus destabilising their adversary or “Quantum Risk Analysis” has already been applied to interna- enemies information environment. (Tsarev, Trofimova and tional financial systems and could be adapted to the impact Khrennikov 2019). The application of this technique is based of emerging technologies on military strategy. Moreover, ap- on the principles of quantum information theory which uses plying a model of quantum risk evaluation to national securi- quantum mechanics to model how information flows ty policy will make risk calculation more precise since it allows through a network (Khrennikov 2020). An example of this can for a dynamic updating of risk probabilities. Thus an entire se- be seen in 2016 and 2020 U.S. Presidential Elections. ries of possible events (i.e. compliance, compellence, deter- HUNTING Thirdly, there is the re-emerging possibility of biological rence) can be considered when making a decision as to the GUNS threats brought about by the misuse of synthetic biology. Ad- level of risk presented by a state or non-state actors. By lever- vances in this area have progressed to the point where it is no aging these emerging technologies decision making can be longer necessary to acquire a pathogen such as small pox more agile and flexible and turn the challenge of these from a lab. It can be created can be made ‘from scratch’ (Gron- emerging technologies into an opportunity. ORGANIZED BY OFFICIAL SPONSORS SECTOR SPONSOR

SUSTAINABILITY SPONSOR EVENT SUPPORTERS SECTOR SECTORS 73

ENGAGE MORE AT

HUNTING GUNS

ORGANIZED BY OFFICIAL SPONSORS SECTOR SPONSOR

SUSTAINABILITY SPONSOR EVENT SUPPORTERS SECTOR SECTORS 74 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Issue File UAE-Saudi Relations: A Sustainable, Strategic Partnership Based on common visions and convictions that cannot be affected by allegations and conspiracies. The deep-rooted strategic coalition relations between the UAE and the King- dom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are built on firm mainstays, strategic constant values, and common interests that no ephemeral attitudes can affect. This month’s issue of Nation Shield highlights the real status of these relations that constitute an exemplary model among bothers.

Prepared by: Editorial Board

Contemporary international relations are characterised by a capable of directing the compass of these relations towards great deal of entanglement and complexity. Interests of allied their proper destination. The following are some of the issues and friendly countries can intersect and contradict each other and topics that seem to be the focus of attention for the two at times. However, there is always the ability to manage any countries: transient differences in viewpoints and interests. The political Iranian nuclear ambitions: There is no dispute about the fact will that ensures the development and growth of the coalition that the threats arising from Iranian ambitions, whether in the and partnership relations between brothers is the main driver development of a nuclear programme of a military nature, or 75 UAE-Saudi Relations: A Sustainable, Strategic Partnership

in the development of a ballistic weapons programme, as well as the Iranian violations of the sovereignty of neigh- The UAE is keen on the bouring countries, are all common sources of concern for decision-makers both in the UAE and the Kingdom of Saudi continuity of its historical Arabia. There have been some notable developments recently, with the holding of “exploratory” talks between KSA position in support of the and Iran, which is in line with the directions of the UAE foreign policy, which in turn seeks to achieve security and sta- Palestinian people and bility and provide an appropriate regional security environment to continue the ambitious development plans imple- their cause mented by the State. The Yemen situation: There have been several allegations and rumours that have been raised about a dispute between Houthi group, which is loyal to Iran. Despite the rumours the UAE and Saudi Arabia over Yemen, and that it is related to raised about the return of the UAE Armed Forces from Yemen, a conflict of strategic interests between the two countries in what must be emphasised is UAE’s humanitarian and relief Yemen. However, the fact is that the UAE continues to sup- role, which the country has undertaken since the beginning port the efforts of the Arab coalition led by KSA. It is still keen of the operations of the Arab coalition led by KSA. This role is to support the efforts of the KSA to achieve security and sta- still a priority for the concerned authorities in the UAE. bility and bring peace to this Arab country. Their common Support of the Palestinian cause and people: Despite the objective has been to save Yemen from the hegemony of the signing of a historic peace agreement between the UAE and 76 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Issue File

UAE & Saudi Arabia of an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital. The attitude of the UAE leadership and people towards Strong trade relations between the two the Palestinian cause and people is evident since the founda- largest Arab economies tion of the Union State on December 2, 1971, by the late Sheikh

147% growth of trade exchange in the past 10 years Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, may God rest his soul, and has not changed. The UAE has provided aid worth US$2 billion and US$104 million to the Palestinian people since the establish- US$ 28.13 Commercial US$ 11.39 Billion Exchange Billion ment of the Palestinian Authority. In fact, there has been no change in the UAE’s position regarding providing support for the Palestinian cause following the agreement to establish relations with Israel. While the UAE considered that normalisation might be a catalyst for reaching a solution to the stalemate that hangs over the chances of peace in the region, the KSA US$11.58 US$16.55 Billion Billion considers that such a step is contingent on achieving progress in the Palestinian-Israeli peace track. Either party, of course, has to determine its steps according to its own convictions, with- Saudi imports Saudi exports to UAE out prejudice to the consensus on the subject in general. from UAE Metal Products Oil production quotas in OPEC: The discrepancy that sur- Precious Metals Plastics faced in the UAE and Saudi positions regarding the two coun- Cars Chemicals tries’ oil production quotas within the framework of the pro- Auto Parts Devices duction cut agreement within the OPEC (The Organization of Metal Products the Petroleum Exporting Countries) has prompted some media to speculate that there is a dispute floating on the surface of the UAE-Saudi relations. Although this discrepancy has already Israel, and the establishment of full diplomatic representation occurred, it comes within the framework of an institutional and and cooperation agreements in various economic, scientific organisational work within OPEC, and it is not related to an and investment fields, the UAE is keen on the continuity of its Emirati -Saudi decision within a bilateral framework and has historical position in support of the Palestinian people and occurred within a more comprehensive institutional context. their cause. HH Sheikh Abdulla bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Minister Such a thing may occur for purely technical reasons and con- of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, said that the siderations that have nothing to do with bilateral agreements UAE supports the Arab position calling for the establishment between the two countries. 77

Other allegations: To build an interesting news story, some lished by the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan with his reports, and media outlets affiliated with groups and organ- brother King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, may God rest their isations hostile to the UAE-Saudi alliance, try to fish in turbu- souls. lent waters. Examples include talk about an alleged Emirati A continuous common need for cooperation, coordina- concern about a new airline that the Kingdom intends to es- tion, and alliance: Despite all the claims and allegations tablish, or statements about Saudi development ambitions, raised about the end of what malicious people describe as the goals, and effects, which all seem to be mere fabrications be- honeymoon in the relations of the two brotherly countries, re- cause such matters cannot cause any tensions in the relations ality refutes and denies these rumours completely. All the pre- of the two brotherly countries. requisites and pillars of the UAE-Saudi alliance are still firm Sustainable Strategic Constants and Principles and strong, and its continuation is a vital necessity for strate- We may refer here to proofs of the firm alliance between the gic interests of both sides. two countries as follows: Emirati convictions on the role and strategic weight of the A firm “one trench” strategy: An analysis of the overall joint Kingdom: The UAE is aware of the size of the KSA and its deep UAE-Saudi relations confirms that the “one trench” strategy is strategic impact on the regional and international levels. It still deepening and strengthening. Such alliance crowns a deals with such data in a manner that is worth attention and joint effort of the two countries since 2011, as they have appreciation. Therefore, we note that this alliance continues played efficiently a firefighter’s role contrary to the wishes of conspira- to save the rest of the Arab coun- An analysis of the tors and terrorist organisations. tries from collapsing in the face of The great Emirati respect and ap- the storm of chaos and turmoil that overall joint UAE- preciation for the historical role was called at the time of the Arab of the KSA and its leadership Spring. The strategic partnership Saudi relations within the Gulf and Arab national between the two countries has not security system: An important been a product of the recent past. confirms that the strategic statement announced by Rather, it comes within an institu- His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin tional and organisational frame- “one trench” strategy Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of work that frames the relations of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme the two countries and ensures that is still deepening and Commander of the UAE Armed they follow in the footsteps of the Forces, recently was, “the King- founding fathers according to an strengthening dom’s security is an integral part of Arab approach that was estab- the security of the UAE.” 78 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Issue File

As the two largest In light of the decline in the role of the influential traditional Arab powers for various reasons and circumstances that fol- economic powers in the lowed the disturbances of 2011, there remained only the role of influential countries, such as the KSA and UAE to region, the UAE and Saudi come forward and address the sources of threat, danger and Arabia aspire to reach an challenges facing Arab national security. Relying on strong foundations for partnership and alli- economic partnership ance: Considering the development and complexity of international relations, it was necessary to build a real partnership based on realistic common Strategic agreement: Strong strate- foundations and interests. As the two gic alliances are usually based on largest economic powers in the re- several foundations: political, gion, the UAE and Saudi Arabia as- security, military, economic, pire to reach an economic partner- commercial, investment, cul- ship between them to serve the tural and media. Strategic people of the two brotherly agreement and under- countries and the region. standing represent the Institutionalising the UAE- most important basis for any Saudi Alliance: Since the estab- successful partnership. This lishment of the UAE-Saudi alli- includes continuous coordi- ance, the will of the two countries nation and continuous dia- has been to build strong founda- logue on all regional and inter- tions for this alliance to ensure its national issues and topics. continuity and fortification and provide Protecting and safeguarding the in- it with means of strategic immunity to face terests of Arab countries and people: the exacerbating challenges that swirl in the The relationship of the people of the UAE and Arab Gulf region and the Middle East. This has been Saudi Arabia is not limited to the unity of history, geography, bolstered through a deliberate and meticulous institution- religion, cultural heritage, customs, traditions, and a common alisation of the alliance between the two countries, to en- destiny. It also stems from a strong political will that converg- sure that this bilateral partnership proceeds and develops es on unified goals and a common humanitarian vision aimed on clear foundations and pillars. at safeguarding the interests of the Arab people. The Saudi-UAE Alliance and Attempts to Wreak Havoc Preserving the system of regional security and stability: From time to time, allegations surface, propagandising the 79

news of conflict, crisis or tension between the UAE and the The growing strategic Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Any observer of Gulf and Arab affairs recognises that there are many haters of the Emirati-Sau- relations between the UAE di coalition. This coalition stands as a stumbling block in the face of the implementation of expansionist projects and con- and Saudi Arabia are based spiratorial plots of regimes, states, and terrorist organisations, including an undeclared evil coalition targeting Arab coun- on solid and deep-rooted tries and people. The conspiracies of this evil coalition almost succeeded in sabotaging some foundations Arab countries, but the vigilance and initiative of the UAE-Saudi Coalition have helped to spare the Arab is the essential mainstay of the region’s countries more chaos, destruc- security and stability. It is a safety tion, and ruin. The two brotherly valve against the risks and threats countries are currently sup- to the region in view of its wise, porting international efforts balanced, and firm policy under aimed at restoring peace and the leadership of the Custodian security in all Arab countries. of the Two Holy Mosques, King However, despite these well- Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. established facts, it doesn’t The relations of the two brotherly mean that the attempts of the countries were, are and will remain conspirators to raise doubts will strong and solid. Reality confirms stop. They will persist, but they will that the UAE and Saudi Arabia stand not achieve their goals. The “One together, with strength and determina- Trench” strategy referred to by Sheikh tion, in one ‘trench,’ in the face of forces that Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, serves as a threaten the security of the countries of the re- road map for the Emirati-Saudi relations during the gion and the right of their people to development, prog- coming years and decades of the 21st century. ress and prosperity. We may cite in this context the words of Conclusion Prince Khalid Al-Faisal bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, advisor to the The growing strategic relations between the UAE and Saudi Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and Governor of Makkah Arabia are based on solid and deep-rooted foundations that Region, who said, “A Saudi is an Emirati, and an Emirati is a Saudi,” range from brotherhood, solidarity, common destiny, to re- which shows the essence and nature of the brotherly relations spect and mutual appreciation. The UAE believes that the KSA between the two countries. 80 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Research Sky-X, Precursor of Future Loyal Wingman

That historic event took place without clamour in an area When the Sky-X demonstrator conducted the first flight near the arctic Polar Circle, far away from people and air on 29 May 2005 at the Vidsel, Sweden test range, it was a traffic. demonstration of the first Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV, to- It was also the first to be equipped with an internal payload day commonly known as drone) with a jet engine weigh- bay, and the first to be designed for operational roles. The ing over 1,000kg to fly in Europe. testing activity culminated in 2008 with a “world first” when the Sky-X demonstrated the capabilities of automatic refuelling and formation flight with another aircraft. 81

The Sky-X together with the Sky-Y, another unmanned Simulation of a “dry” in-flight refueling manoeuvre (without platform built by Alenia Aeronautica fuel transfer) by a C-27J in 2008

With this first flight, the then Alenia Aero- new generation unmanned aircraft nautica - the company that later merged Sky-X conducted entirely developed by Alenia Aero- into what is today the Leonardo Aircraft nautica and designed to test a wide Division - found itself at the height of first flight on May range of missions for defence and world aeronautic testing and entered 29, 2005 at Vidsel civil protection, including territory into the future of unmanned aircraft. observation, surveillance and recon- Meanwhile, the actual Leonardo Elec- naissance capabilities. tronics Division consolidated the Mi- The task of developing and carrying rach systems, a radio-guided aerial tar- out this project was given to the vi- get launched in 1959 with its ancestor It was a demo of first sionary Riccardo Barzan, to whom the Meteor P1 and the Falcon XN, an un- world owes acknowledgement and manned surveillance system in the UAV with jet engine due remembrance. The configuration 600kg class. chosen was that of a swept wing jet Commander Enrico Scarabotto, present- weighing 1,000kg to aircraft with a ‘V’ tail, and the engine ly the head of the Aircraft Division’s Flight fly in Europe placed at the rear of the fuselage to Operations, remotely piloted the Sky-X guarantee low observability, and a during its first flight from a ground con- ventral bay for the payload. The trial trol station connected to the aircraft via was a qualified success with the vali- datalink. The main system components, Sky-X exhibited dation of the concept aircraft demon- and specifically the flight characteristics, strator for operational use above and were tested during the flight. the capabilities of beyond surveillance of the territory. Virtual Testing Sessions automatic refuelling As they say a journey of a thousand Remote aircraft control is particularly miles begins with a single step. With challenging since the pilot does not have the first flight of the Sky-X, Alenia much of the information or physical sen- Aeronautica consolidated its leader- sations that they would have if they were ship position in several important actually on board. This is precisely why technological fields: adaptation/re- the preparation for this first flight demanded a considerable definition of the integration processes, flight testing and undertaking of the team, including virtual testing sessions qualification of a type of aircraft never tested before; remote on a flight simulator developed specially for this purpose. piloting via Ground Control Station with totally proprietary The company announced its decision to develop a UAV dem- Data Link and dedicated human-machine interface (HMI); onstrator like the Sky-X two years earlier, with the presenta- flight control system (FCS) for UAV with electric actuation; in- tion of the UAV mock-up at Caselle, Italy in May 2003. tegration of general systems with remote control; integra- The idea was to develop a technological demonstrator for a tion of the emergency flight termination system; advanced 82 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Research

The Sky-X as precursor of the modern Loyal MALE RPAS will perform civil and defence Wingman, “followers” of the combat aircraft ISTAR missions configuration with jet propulsion; flight gineer of Sky-X at that stage talked authorisation process with a foreign au- about his memories of the project, and thority (Swedish FMV) of an aircraft re- UCAV Lab was set in particular those tied to the first flight motely controlled from a test range up at Corso Francia on that day in Vidsel in 2005: dedicated to these operations. “The most meaningful memories are This was only the first step of the testing plant in Turin to those associated with the technologi- of the Sky-X, which was completed in cal aspects and with the human and 2008 with the testing of the automatic support activities professional experience. From the flight refuelling procedure carried out technological viewpoint, what we over the Adriatic Sea, north of the Apulia achieved in 18 months was un- region of Italy, with another one of matched, not only in our company, Leonardo aircraft, a C-27J acting as an air-to-air refuelling but also amongst our competitors. A jet aircraft with a maxi- tanker. mum take-off weight of 1,450kg, a standard aerodynamic The C-27J Spartan Next Generation is one of the most effec- configuration in terms of low observability characteristics, tive multi-mission medium turboprop airlifter available on with V tail and payload bays that could be reconfigured to the market today. It is able to operate from the most rudi- accomplish different types of missions, from reconnais- mentary airstrips and in extreme environmental conditions. sance to ground attack. It was a highly complex machine World’s First that we arrived at starting from a clean sheet of paper. The testing of the automatic flight refuelling with Sky-X and “Still today, more than 15 years later, many of the tested so- C-27J was a world’s first. In fact, it was the first time that a UAV lutions are relevant. One outstanding example is the in- performed all approach manoeuvres up to (simulated) link- flight testing called ‘join-up’. It is an Integrated System (on up with the refuelling aircraft totally independently using an board-ground) that lets the unmanned aircraft perform automatic recognition and guidance system. highly complex missions, from take-off to landing, totally An unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) Lab was set up independently. It ranges from in-flight refuelling to forma- at the Corso Francia plant in Turin, Italy to support Sky-X action flying. The system is even now covered by an interna- tivities. It provided the opportunity to explore the UAV air- tional patent. All this starting from the arctic Polar Circle, at craft management and mission technologies in a realistic ar- the test range in Vidsel, Sweden, with the first tests up to the tificial environment with a human operator remaining in the auto take-off & landing, to then return to Italy, to the Amen- loop. dola Air Force base, for the “dry” In-Flight Refuelling ma- The success of the Sky-X would not have been possible with- noeuvre simulation (namely without actual fuel transfer). out the commitment of many. This is why it is right to give “The company had the capability to focus on a highly inno- voice to one of them, who represents all those who have vative field by putting together people with great enthusi- made this achievement possible. Geremia Pepicelli, Chief En- asm and professional qualities and was paid back with out- 83

Sky-X during flight testing at the Vidsel, The Sky-X demonstrator at the Leonardo Aeronautical Sweden test range Industry Museum in Caselle Sud (Turin), Italy standing results having very low devel- Organisational Unit opment costs. In 2018, Leonardo created a central “Thanks to the experience developed The only built organisational unit called Un- with the Sky-X and with the later Sky-Y airframe of Sky-X manned Systems to focus attention (having a totally different aerodynamic on all the skills within the group, configuration, designed for surveillance is on display at the and create synergies between the roles only, with a piston engine and pro- various players involved. Today, peller propulsion), Alenia Aeronautica Leonardo Museum while the Electronics and Helicop- earned the credibility necessary to take ters Divisions are operationally ex- part in the major international UAV pro- perimenting with MUM-T technol- grammes as a competent and reliable ogies on existing platforms, the Air- partner. Those programmes include the UCAV nEUROn craft Division is exploring the aspects of the design process demonstrator developed with Dassault Aviation in France and of the preliminary operational effectiveness evaluation and other European companies and, recently, the Europe- of some Loyal Wingman classes. an MALE RPAS (Medium Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Application of artificial intelligence technologies will con- Piloted Aerial System) that Leonardo developed in collabo- tribute to increasing their level of autonomy in completing ration with Airbus and Dassault Aviation. the missions assigned to them, while interoperability will The European MALE RPAS is a joint industrial-government guarantee their integration in a network with all the plat- initiative to answer future European requirements and forms - manned fighter or surveillance aircraft, ground backed by the governments of France, Germany, Spain and command and control centres, naval and land forces and Italy. other cooperating assets - forming the so-called “system of “However, the Sky-X experience also offers us the possibili- the systems”, which will be assigned the task of carrying out ty of having all the credentials to continue developing the complex operational missions in the near future. future new frontier of unmanned aircraft: the so-called ‘Loy- Today, the only built airframe of the Sky-X is on display at al Wingman’, next-generation autonomous UAV supporting the Leonardo Aeronautical Industry Museum, inside the Ca- combat aircraft as ‘followers’ and used for special missions. selle Sud plant in Turin, Italy. Here, it has found its proper The Loyal Wingman will join a mixed team of manned and place as prime witness to the history of the progress of Ital- unmanned aircraft, interoperable according to Manned- ian, and Leonardo’s, aeronautical technology, together with Unmanned Team (MUM-T) logics, and are designed as ac- the Ansaldo SVA 9 biplane, the FIAT G.91, the AMX Interna- tual ‘force multipliers’ that increase the effectiveness of the tional, the Panavia Tornado and the Eurofighter Typhoon. mission and support the survival of the manned aircraft in highly contested scenarios, meaning those with a very high Reference Text/Photo: threat level.” www.leonardocompany.com 84 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Strategic NATO Warfighting Capstone Concept Maps Out Path for Allies

When it comes to modern warfare, new technologies and capabilities are already beginning to turn speculative fiction into reality. In an increasingly fluid, connected and complex global security environment, how can an Alliance stay ahead of the competition? The North Atlantic Treaty Organisa- tion’s (NATO) Warfighting Capstone Concept has mapped out a comprehensive path for Allies to focus, synchronise and cohere efforts. The fundamental nature of war does not change. It always involves a clash of wills, violence, friction, fog, manoeuvres or deception. However, the character of warfare continues to evolve and become more pervasive with NATO’s competitors conducting activities that sit outside the ‘normal’ peace-crisis-conflict dynamic. 85

Major shifts in warfare are often associated with technologi- was established to protect. Potential strategic competitors cal innovation – from arrows to black powder to battle tanks seek to undermine the Alliance’s political and military-strate- to nuclear weapons to cyber and space systems today. A mul- gic objectives by deploying sophisticated strategies, often titude of other underlying factors – political economic, social, through coordinated political, military, economic, and infor- cultural, scientific, and industrial – also drive the way nations mation efforts. and alliances think about war, prepare for war and fight. Disruptive technologies are altering the name of the game. Use of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) could Quantum sensing could make oceans ‘transparent’. High-end challenge longstanding ethical and legal norms. LAWS are decryption capacities could make secure communications as weapons that can identify, target, and fire, without human open as the front page of a newspaper. Losing control of satel- intervention. lites and the electromagnetic spectrum could degrade Alli- The environment NATO faces is fluid, global and complex. The ance capabilities. Lethal autonomous weapons systems are boundaries between peace and conflict, political and military, likely to challenge longstanding ethical and legal norms. strategic and tactical, kinetic and non-kinetic are blurring. In These developments are becoming feasible operational reali- such a scenario, the NATO Alliance no longer has any real ties of warfare and must be considered as NATO shapes its fu- sanctuaries or ‘rear areas’ that some form of threat, attack or ture strategy. malign activity cannot penetrate. Since the end of the Cold War, the NATO Alliance has been The Alliance has to cope with state and non-state actors that successfully adapting to changes in the strategic environ- fundamentally oppose, seek to alter or even destroy the rules- ment. It has adopted an unambiguously defensive approach, based international order and the system of values that NATO for good reason, and will continue to maintain this approach. 86 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Strategic

The environment NATO faces is fluid, global and complex

Major shifts in warfare are associated with

Losing control of satellites and the electromagnetic spectrum could technological innovation degrade Alliance capabilities

structural aspects of the Alliance’s approach to warfare development and warfighting. The NATO 2030 reflection process and the NWCC’s 20-year horizon attest to this. Time: stop thinking about near-peer competitors as a short to medium-term problem. NATO faces long-term, dynamic and persistent competition from multiple directions. The belligerent nature of Russia is Soldiers on the battlefield may order resupply and then receive likely to persist. Non-state actors, terrorist groups and organ- those supplies from an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle isations, such as Al Qaeda, have proven their longevity and adaptability, and new ones are likely to emerge. China is set- However, defensive does not need to equate to passive. In ting its ambition to develop the world’s leading military by light of the increasingly boundless, simultaneous and persis- 2050, including expeditionary capabilities. tent challenges, the Alliance needs to become more anticipa- NATO has to think and plan long-term, after decades of dis- tory and proactive. It needs to get ahead of the ever more cretionary operations and crises ‘of the day’. complex anticipated threat curve, or risk losing freedom of The spatial element: stop thinking about near-peer com- decision and action. petitors in geographical terms. NATO needs to start thinking, organising and acting different- NATO is starting to make headway towards thinking and act- ly, so that it can offer better military advice while expanding ing in a multi-domain, -regional and -instrumental context, the operating and decision space for political authorities. while adjusting to the convergence of physical and non- NATO has already started down this path. In 2019, Allied physical domains. Transposing non-physical domains, like Chiefs of Defence agreed a NATO Military Strategy. In 2020, cyber and space, and the pervasive information environ- General Tod Wolters presented to Allies the Concept for the ment onto traditional warfighting domains (air, land and Deterrence and Defence of the Euro-Atlantic Area (DDA). maritime) leads to a multi-dimensional battlespace: physical, In early 2021, NATO leadership adopted the NATO Warfighting virtual, and cognitive. Developing cohesive strategy in all op- Capstone Concept (NWCC) produced by Allied Command erational domains in order to be effective within the multi- Transformation (ACT) to serve as the Military North Star of the dimensional battlespace is the key to maintaining a decisive Alliance towards 2040. Together, this package of the best and advantage. most forward-looking, forward-leaning military-strategic The functional element: stop thinking in linear and binary thinking is a progressive approach for a new generation. ways, and accept the challenge of simultaneity. New Ways of Thinking The traditional peace, crisis and conflict paradigm will con- This new thinking addresses temporal, spatial, functional and strain the ability to out-think and out-perform an adversary. 87

Cognitive Layered Superiority Resilience

Cross- Day Zero Persistent Domain Integration Preparation Command

Integrated Influence Multi- and Power Domain Projection Defence

NATO needs to reconfigure its thinking and approach to- These questions require a reinvigorated approach to warfare wards a simultaneous, non-linear paradigm in which it bal- development. ances efforts across the operational contexts of shaping, Enter the NWCC. contesting and fighting. A Concept for the Future Potential adversaries are shaping NATO. Crises in recent The NWCC provides the Alliance and Allies with a ‘North Star’ years, such as the Sea of Azov blockade and persistent infor- and organising principle for warfare development for the mation campaigns against Allies, have shown how other next 20 years. It focuses on building advantage and ‘pulling states can act creatively to challenge the Alliance. forward’ the most important work towards an ambitious It is incumbent on the Alliance to proactively shape the se- view of the future military instrument of power. curity environment to its own designs and strengths – its It has identified novel lines of delivery that will enhance the ideas, values, partnerships, and integrated military struc- ability of the NATO military instrument of power to achieve tures – while contesting competitors’ attempts to under- the Alliance’s goals effectively. mine NATO’s objectives. The adversary and the Alliance’s own goals entail cohesive The Alliance is in an ongoing struggle in the cyber domain and shared political-military understanding of the threats, and information environment against a variety of actors. It adversaries and environment NATO operates in, from tech will persist, and Allies must coordinate, develop and act and doctrine to big data. It is threat-informed but primarily accordingly. driven by the Alliance’s ambition for success. It seeks to put Military structures: rethink command and control, and the Alliance in a position to out-think, out-excel, out-fight, force structures. out-pace, out-partner, and out-last any threat or challenge. NATO may need to radically rethink the industrial-era ways Being able to understand the security environment, take ini- of command and control (C2), and of structuring forces into tiative, operate decisively, and foster external relationships, divisions, brigades, and their equivalents. while acting at speed and ensuring resilience, is the ultimate With persistent competition and simultaneous activity, how goal for NATO. to configure a relevant fighting force today that is effective It is through these ‘six-out’ design functions that the Alliance tomorrow? What does the multi-domain force of the future can identify what work to pull forward, while pointing to look like across the whole spectrum of military activity – those innovative approaches that can further maintain mili- from C2 through to planning, capabilities, exercises and en- tary advantage. ablers? How should commanders, leaders, forces and spe- The NWCC offers an organising principle to turn the vision cialists train and prepare for the future fight? What should be into reality, and a guiding rationale to inform the alignment the right mix of advanced capabilities, legacy platforms and of Alliance warfare development efforts. It provides a con- new and expendable technologies, such as swarms of struct by which to proactively shape the security environ- drones? ment, enable the Alliance to contest threats, and maintain HELD UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HIS EXCELLENCY, PRESIDENT ABDEL FATTAH EL-SISI THE PRESIDENTHELD OF THE UNDER ARAB THE REPUBLIC PATRONAGE OF EGYPT, OF HIS THE EXCELLENCY, SUPREME COMMANDER PRESIDENT ABDEL OF THE FATTAH EGYPTIAN EL-SISI ARMED FORCES THE PRESIDENT OF THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT, THE SUPREME COMMANDER OF THE EGYPTIAN ARMED FORCES 88 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Strategic

29 NOV – 2 DEC 2021 EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTRE 29 NOV – 2 DEC 2021 EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTRE www.egyptdefenceexpo.com www.egyptdefenceexpo.com @egyptdefenceexpo @egyptdefenceexpo /egyptdefenceexpo /egyptdefenceexpo @visitedex @visitedex #EDEX2021 #EDEX2021

A joint, flexible approach to a fluid environment is essential to protect the Alliance’s integrity against all threats readiness to fight if necessary. comprises: It sets out five Warfare Development Imperatives: A number of “jump starters”: sprints that will begin immedi- Cognitive superiority: The adversary and the Alliance’s goals ately and will support the ongoing work across the Alliance entails cohesive and shared political-military understanding and by Allies; of the threats, adversaries and environment NATO operates in, A number of priorities: long-distance runs that are critical for from tech and doctrine, to Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and future success and will require dedicated effort over time; Reconnaissance (JISR) and big data. Equally, it will focus on A number of military-strategic conversations: the ‘mara- nd providing the right tools for the political-military level to oper- thon’ issues that require serious discussion that cut to the core THE 2nd EDITION OF EGYPT’S ONLY ate effectively (rapidly and dynamically) and safeguard deci- of the Alliance’s strategic thinking. THE 2 EDITION OF EGYPT’S ONLY sion-making in the modern age. This combination of an ambitious aspiration and a realistic INTERNATIONAL DEFENCE EXHIBITION Layered resilience: Underpinning deterrence, the Alliance path forward will help balance the realities of warfare devel- INTERNATIONAL DEFENCE EXHIBITION needs to be able to withstand immediate shocks to supply opment today, with the warfighting needs of tomorrow. De- lines and communications, as well as effects in the cognitive veloped collaboratively across the Alliance, the NWCC pro- EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTRE dimension. It must be prepared to persevere in challenging vides the roadmap to maintain a decisive military advantage EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTRE situations over long periods and be ready from day zero. while optimising strategic options for political authorities. 29 NOV - 2 DEC 2021 Influence and power projection: To shape the environment The NATO Military Strategy and its two implementing con- 29 NOV - 2 DEC 2021 to its strengths, including generating options and imposing cepts, the NWCC and the DDA, set a new baseline for military- 400 + 30,000 + FULLY-HOSTED VIP dilemmas on adversaries, the Alliance must be proactive in strategic advice on the employment and development of the EXHIBITORS400 + VISITORS30,000 + DELEGATIONFULLY-HOSTED PROGRAMME VIP taking initiatives. Alliance’s military instrument. It sets a direction for NATO and EXHIBITORS VISITORS DELEGATION PROGRAMME Integrated multi-domain defence: A joint, flexible approach Allies to focus, cohere and synchronise efforts. to a fluid environment is essential to protect the Alliance’s in- The NWCC endeavours to put NATO and the Allies ahead of Headline Sponsor Platinum Sponsors Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsor tegrity against all threats. potential adversaries and to be resilient to strategic shocks Headline Sponsor Platinum Sponsors Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsor Cross-domain command: Command insight at the blink of and wider challenges. an eye, the hallmark of great generals, may be out of reach in a With the required agility to deliver warfare development at multi-domain and integrated battlespace. Investing in peo- the right pace, NWCC will position the Alliance’s military in- ple, the art of command, critical thinking and audacious ac- strument of power to build and maintain decisive military ad- tion will underpin success. vantage to ensure continued success in the unpredictable se- Media Partner Supported by Organised by Effective Delivery Path curity environment of the coming decades. Media Partner Supported by Organised by The NWCC addresses the challenge of threats from multiple Reference Text/Photo: domains by setting a realistic path to deliver the level of am- www.nato.int bition for warfare development that it sets out. It offers a Pictures are for illustration purpose only Ministry of www.lockheedmartin.com Egyptian Armed Ministry of Military framework that will allow for a coordinated approach, which Defence Forces Production Ministry of Egyptian Armed Ministry of Military Defence Forces Production HELD UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HIS EXCELLENCY, PRESIDENT ABDEL FATTAH EL-SISI THE PRESIDENTHELD OF THE UNDER ARAB THE REPUBLIC PATRONAGE OF EGYPT, OF HIS THE EXCELLENCY, SUPREME COMMANDER PRESIDENT ABDEL OF THE FATTAH EGYPTIAN EL-SISI ARMED FORCES THE PRESIDENT OF THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT, THE SUPREME COMMANDER OF THE EGYPTIAN ARMED FORCES

THE 2nd EDITION OF EGYPT’S ONLY THE 2nd EDITION OF EGYPT’S ONLY INTERNATIONAL DEFENCE EXHIBITION INTERNATIONAL DEFENCE EXHIBITION

EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTRE 29EGYPT NOV INTERNATIONAL - 2 DEC 2021 EXHIBITION CENTRE 29 NOV - 2 DEC 2021 400 + 30,000 + FULLY-HOSTED VIP EXHIBITORS400 + VISITORS30,000 + DELEGATIONFULLY-HOSTED PROGRAMME VIP EXHIBITORS VISITORS DELEGATION PROGRAMME

Headline Sponsor Platinum Sponsors Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsor Headline Sponsor Platinum Sponsors Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsor

Media Partner Supported by Organised by Media Partner Supported by Organised by

Ministry of Egyptian Armed Ministry of Military Defence Forces Production Ministry of Egyptian Armed Ministry of Military Defence Forces Production 90 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Technology Versatility, Variants Keep C295 on Top

When it comes to air missions, the C295, which is a part of the Airbus Defence and Space family of light and medium airlifters that includes the earlier C212 and smaller CN235 platforms, stands out as a superior model.

Be it humanitarian actions, homeland security or environmen- transportation, casualty evacuation, communication and tal surveillance, the new generation C295 has proved to be an logistic duties, and air-dropping. ideal aircraft for defence and missions that benefit the society. Its flexible design, long endurance and modern systems It is fully certified and routinely operates day and night in com- have made it an exceptional platform for a wide range of In- bat missions in all weather extremes, from desert to maritime telligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) roles, includ- environments, from extremely hot to severely cold tempera- ing anti-submarine and ship warfare, airborne early warn- tures. ing, and maritime surveillance. Robust and reliable, this medium-sized tactical airlifter comes Airbus Defence and Space now offers the C295, featuring as with simple systems and optimal cabin, providing wide versa- standard winglets and higher engine power ratings, giving in- tility, necessary for personnel, troop and bulky/palletised cargo creased performance in all flight phases and lower fuel burn. 91

Versatility, Variants Keep C295 on Top

STOL capability enables C295 conducts multi-role it to operate in locations operations under all- tough for take-off, weather conditions landings

The aircraft has a length of 24.45m, wingspan of 25.8m and a of Poland and Finland. height of 8.6m. It has been successfully used during long deployments (up to The aircraft has received orders from military and civil opera- two years, flying up to 90 hours per plane per month) in re- tors across the globe, from Canada and Egypt to Spain and mote areas, such as Chad, Iraq and Afghanistan. Indonesia. Its ability to serve as an aerial tanker brings extra flexibility to Combat-proven this tactical transport – increasing its resourcefulness and The combat-proven C295 routinely operates in the hot and opening new mission opportunities. humid environments of the Brazilian jungle and Colombian The C295 also offers special versions such as Gunship (close mountains, in the dusty and very hot deserts of Algeria and air support to ground troops, convoys, facilities, etc.) and op- Jordan, and in the extremely cold winters and icy conditions tional self-protection equipment, which are already in service 92 ISSUE 595 AUGUST 2021 Technology

in hostile environments like Iraq and Afghanistan: cockpit ar- der FAR-25 requirements for ILS Cat I and Cat II approaches mour, radar warning (RWR), missile warning (MAWS), laser and GPS non-precision approaches for automatic or manual warning (LWS), and chaff/flares dispensers. operations. STOL Capability Weaponised Variants The C295’s short take-off and landing (STOL) capability com- Airbus now offers two weaponised C295 variants: the Light bined with a strong landing gear enables it to operate in the Weaponised Variant and the Armed ISR. most austere locations with the worst conditions for take-off The C295 Light Weaponised variant features a kit with two and landings. manually aimed Machine Guns with lockable firing positions The C295 doubles up as a tactical military transport aircraft that are secured to the aircraft’s existing cargo rails by metal with a light footprint to enable operations from short (no lon- plates. This solution can be installed in any C295 with mini- ger than 670 m/2,200 ft), soft and rough (CBR 2) unprepared mum aircraft modifications, and is an existing kit that can be airstrips. It is designed to provide outstanding low-level easily incorporated adding a valuable capability. flight characteristics for tactical missions, flying at speeds The Light Weapons kit is already in operation with an undis- down to 110 knots. closed customer, featuring two 12.7mm light machine guns New Standard in Avionics which are installed in the rear paratroop doors. To provide a A key to C295’s unique patrol and surveillance capabilities is more multi-role solution, this kit is also removable, giving its Fully Integrated Tactical System (FITS), which integrates, the operators full flexibility to install them whenever need- controls and displays the sensors – enhancing mission ed, taking only around 30 minutes to perform the full awareness and facilitating informed decision-making. mounting. On the other hand, the C295 Armed ISR is a per- With the Collins Aerospace Pro Line Fusion, the C295 im- sistent ISR aircraft with precision laser-guided munitions proves upon its strong tactical capabilities. This allows opera- that is fully equipped and prepared to respond in the most tors to fulfil their mission with maximum effectiveness. difficult scenarios. The glass cockpit with digital avionics includes four large ac- Airbus Defence and Space has presented an update of its tive matrix liquid crystal displays (6 in. x 8 in.), fully compati- armed C295 version at the recently concluded Special Oper- ble with night vision goggles. The advanced integrated avi- ations Forces Innovation Network Seminar (SOFINS) 2021 onics system with multifunctional displays provides im- held in France. This is an ISR version with a multi-mission ra- proved situational awareness and flight safety, lower pilot dar that can also be weaponised to conduct persistent Close workload and enhanced mission effectiveness. Air Support (CAS) operations. The system functionalities support the requirements for This variant combines a comprehensive set of surveillance both civil and military tactical environments: CARP/HARP computational aids (for precision airdrops), performance management, VNAV, radio management, tactical databases, etc. The autopilot and flight director system are certified -un

The C295 Armed ISR aircraft is provided with underwing hard points for the installation of anti-surface missiles, rockets, bombs and reconnaissance/jamming pods 93

Technical Specifications • Length: 24.46 m • Wingspan: 25.81 m • Height: 8.66 m • Wing area: 59 m2 • Max takeoff weight: 21,000 kg normal 23,200 kg (51,147 lb) overload

Armed C295 version is an ISR version with a multi-mission radar that can also be weaponised to conduct persistent CAS operations sensors and Airbus’s latest iteration of its The aircraft has a smaller opera- FITS mission system with a full set of C295 Armed ISR tional footprint to enable opera- weapons, giving the operators the capa- conducted its maiden tions from soft, rough and unpre- bility to perform long endurance ISR mis- pared runways, as well as short sions and to provide Close Air Support flight with 8 laser- airstrips with a length of less than when needed. 670m. Armed ISR Aircraft guided missiles New Developments On another front, the C295 Armed ISR air- The C295 Armed ISR recently craft is provided with underwing hard conducted its maiden flight equipped with eight laser guid- points for the installation of anti-surface missiles, rockets, ed missiles and two laser guided bomb dummies, located on bombs and reconnaissance/jamming pods. four underwing hardpoints. The weaponry that the C295 can incorporate with its effi- A first set of flights were testing the impact of the different cient under-wing carriage includes Roketsan’s L-UMTAS anti- weapons configurations on the aerodynamical and mechan- tank missile, Cirit laser-guided rockets, the Teber-82 laser ical integration. bomb-guidance kit and Mk 82 warhead and Expal’s CAT-70 With the quality and safety of the modification ensured by un-guided rockets with its multiple rocket launcher. Airbus as Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), the C295 The semi-active laser (SAL)-guided L-UMTAS has both day Armed ISR provides persistent surveillance with a diverse set and night attack capability and can strike stationary and of weapons for defensive and attack capabilities. moving targets within a range of 500m and 8,000m. It is able to carry out special operations missions, support to This variant also features Rheinmetall’s BK 27 autocannon ground troops and neutralisation of targets detected during and Escribano’s remotely operated weapon system (RCWS). surveillance and patrol missions, with the longest endurance All the weaponry is integrated with the FITS system so that in it class. the operators can accurately perform the targetting. The BK The Armed ISR incorporates different weaponry options 27 has a high rate of fire of 1,700 rounds a minute. available in kits that allow the operator to select the most ap- The para-troop side doors can be mounted with two 12.7mm propriate option for their requirements: from machine guns, light machine guns and associated mounts. 27 mm autocannon, guided and unguided rockets, laser The aircraft can be optionally equipped with self-protection guided missiles to laser guided bombs. equipment and systems such as a radar warning receiver As announced at Dubai Airshow 2017, the company signed a (RWR), a missile approach warning system (MAWS), a laser series of agreements with air-to-surface weapon suppliers warning system (LWS) and chaff/flares dispensers. paving the way for flight-trials to qualify their products to Integrated Engines equip the C295. The power-plant integrates two Pratt & Whitney Canada These agreements include a memorandum of understand- PW127G turboprop engines driving a pair of six-bladed pro- ing with Roketsan of Turkey and similar arrangements have pellers. It ensures superior manoeuvrability, hot and high been signed with Expal, Escribano and Equipaer of Spain, as performance, and low fuel consumption. The power-plant well as Rheinmetall of Germany, and the U.S. suppliers No- enables a maximum speed of 480km/h and a long endur- bles Worldwide and U.S. Ordnance. ance of up to 11 hours. Reference Text/Photo: www.airbus.com 95

15 /) 2;15 (A L .Z7! 121 \?\L44 1981 HHP\ 2TV4LO7 L &i L;2 \ d7 T T7TJZTi TBD)_TNi LMbT LT 4DTNi H/4\. L4bZT(T N 2 7H W T L&TMbi L\;H?.T L T2Ti dHMM() L// L Li&[Ti

!J4 TNZN4L L4 T T4B/Z TNINL H.";TH LJ47?! T72 44T4HTJT 1971(7L HT LLH7? HL VV4T LN L 94 2021 | 595

L2H4\ ROIO@ BA N4 3"3 > 0 = . 4d. 7. . . . 2 ./ 2 3. / . / / . 0 2 = . 0 ;. . .0 . =. . 0 2 . . / =. LN30 . ? 0 . 3((((( . 4. . =. . 0 2 . . / =. 0 7. / . = . . / 0 2 2 . . 30 ((. ? 0 . . ". . 2 . 2 .0. / . 20 3/ . ? . H= 0 ;/ .. H. Lb 3 L3L37 LT64H . . 3 B ( 7 [ H =. 0 = 7. d/ . = / 2. / = . 0 . . . 2. / 02 . . / . . L.! . . 2 0 =. =. 2/ 2 H. 2 d. 7. . . =. . 0 2 . . / 6 L L- . . ? 4/ &. . 30 . ? 0 2 / T/2 . L.. 0 = L347 LN Z 3 \

)DNL >9 V)7? . QIE M ;N N 47 \Z INL ;N L 2500 - & N 4D N Z b LL \ & N;2000;T L L2\ ; T , P + ) LH+ V T LTT;N J_ F4 3 LT4 Z Lb ;N . b LT;N ;N+(7Z D b _ Z T ;N \ LIL L\N \6\\T 93

H ! I T L N;;!W )7DbNLL4 H TH &\ ; LNNT HTH& H TH& C295HJ H !& . ¡¡¢H \C295HLHT £¤ 4 N ¥i¦§ c \T / \ \(i©ªC§¤¬ L+N®¯°4 Í´ÍÎd7# ¡i± \ 7 ¥i¦§ c Ï´¬¼d_7# .;T°¥²i¢³ ¬´¬¬dTH# L¬´ªªª500_T4+ ;\4 ¼´ªªª dN L # 4 [ BK 27 J & I T 4 Ï¼´¼Í©²;\4Ð´ªª² )TN®·b;!£¡°°/ H 4 ^ ¡°¹ º ¹¡ £» d# )D;!&L ;C295H&T# ¼´©ªªBK 27J&J/7L 7L+ !) L [/NT# ! L bT C295HTË¥² ! \BH T¼´© N T 2 º¢7\ ¡°M;!±£»£ &\!B C295HV# ° º¢ N ;! º¢ ¹¡ §» £² H TH .¾¾\¹¡¥» \L & \ À Á T 4 H T J V L 4 T & D »¹ À»¼©Â H H 4 ; BT H4L7 L 4 7 &T201774V T7HTL M\BTD4&TH HT444480 BT\H ;2NL [H[THL11T T 4 TH 6T T LC295H b T [/N\ TH&TN4£¤4& .670H[( N ®¯°´ ®· ®É³ 4 & JL Ê·°»°º¦4L£¡°°4 LLË TH& C295H \ L H 92 2021 | 595

FAR-25 H ;! (ÂÀMH¥MH LJ

IdC295HI4_T TH &\ B I . b / L I NT £² H / L / bH /(O NTBC295HNI4T /I LI6 JL/4 ¼´©N_N N L T C295 H T L! L M 4T L4BB)7Db 6/.H / !NT\\ 4 4 ) D b Tx 86²4& LT30J/4T/)TH ;!TBLC!&TH7 &\ B C295 H I .H H H TH H4.T T /O \ \ 2 ) LH 4 V L . & I H .H T 7I·³Ý¾ £À .H ËÊ ª¼ ÓÊÓL2NO²Ö£À °³NNT J 4 L 91

>=UNC295H&U=UT TTTC295H 27L!) M90H? 2 !9S? T N H T L NLTHT! T !YaFU=!@M9HI H 4 T AFA:]SE HBHL \ ; T HTH \ APY4FPAPHAY LNN PO HS&]N2 C295 H &T T! I HO0 &2T4;H °°¢´ ³±°°´ H TH )/2 M ; 6T T £ £ N º¢ £»£ N LNM) °º¢N N¡°º¢§» C295H·³Ý¾4_T .¾¾\/ \¥» 47&T4 [/N H7L4 [ / N T C295 H T L¬´ÎTÏ´¬\7Í´ÍÏ \ N ¤i¾¾ °¢ Ë¥ 4HV 2T L4&\ LN2T T N H4 C295 H .T ( [ TTDTTC295H T V4´ªª670H² 7\7(2 &TZHTT´¾³¢ß£ H 24 ; 4 [)\LL L110T ²\;_H;J\L 4HTT 4L)/TH290 ; J C295 H &T T 4TBTNH4H ³°°¹¢°O;!P \bT .TH4 H!;7D¹¡ L;4 T; Â³HIC295HTBT L 2 N N ;T ² °° À ¥ ³ ;! TB \H \@ 90 2021 | 595

-9U=SUH ?U=SI-H C295H

C295Z C212:1ijklmnopqprsptruvwtsp 1[:)z{|}~1 XC295:b1 & 89

@IPAE

1 T.. H NH TV\\ N Ê³à°¡á¹L¡ HJ7H ^2T7&T\\BTT 647!VNN J NH 3V\T H H V L4T T T ! N I!\T\; 7 !LVN NM 4HDT&D TBZOH3T G\L M TTDJ IN .2013;WNH : &+NHN!\ I4Tb FM XN ML4\\T6 \NKN \4446J =7IK Z BT I\ 4 3 N \ M \LbTT NF,ME T!6&)N b\T\ LH bN/VL 4;NM&\ H 472 7L7NB^2TN73 LHI 88 2021 | 595

1==S>1 & H 6 3Q@)LF=9 L& >P5La S?A + LO\, H 4 7CT ; T MN Od N 7D N@ \aNE5I N & 4 3 B & ) ;!b\M(H\L >P 4 HMN;(J\4 #T) ;N 6HL H& L +H?4T47( THTZT! L\L/N7T7L 42TV44LN )MODWJ LVTN T7NT + T J L7N T)LL 4M L7L4b\ H7L7N( +HJ\6T\TH6 NJBT 6) (V744 .T\@T T4\;VTTH N3\+T\2 L2 L !/(Lã79 3)L 7L\L4LH L\TL V.H*335 LT4\ 3T H / 6 L; 7L V\HT N 7 / ( T M M 4V \ N T / 4T)J\ !4!;L/O 2TT)4N 4!T L#JT!BLLLL[\HL+ OM \!TP4L!N 87

Q]TUH:1XH Q1MV0D= NA>EAQL LG\Sa 4PL J

T7H J\;N / T )L B .T H LH; DVHL T47 H:1X 4Lb VDTNN IT H 6I 3H4LM L)THJ L\TLT2021 C T T L 7 MN T LJ4L !T&N64L ML2T\J ;TT 4L)LTN& 4HT !T66H L\( 4L L 4MN LT;TB 4L M . 3 86 2021 | 595 MM?U@)Ma@N #P]P AP5P5SA

&& :1

: 1 #HC Z

H 4 T N ;N H & 4 MNT2LH MT+)2T T2TH) \;)L3T4 7 / MN 6&\b LT LN 6TH4_LN 85

7 BT T LL B N L4; T N M N T LHTHJVLL( L;HH T \ (4T[4H4VH V\4((+((H ((\;4\ ((((( J. TVTM \ ^ _H LH TH4THNL H L ) 4 TH 3ÐªÎC/JV L P & L & H _H N&H4 LP LHH TT4&\;T4 H+TH (L ( ((H ((L &((\ ææHH\.L i ! i ² ( ( ( &(\ 3(H T6TH;)H L LHT6 N!LHTT4 N ! T4 84 2021P595

!TNB\.T HH.b æææB7T4 P7TT)T LLM\\3_ . T _ T2N24LL H J O ;W TH\2013;4T; \ bTJC;H L^L

2021 T J 4 4HO2021P +4_H \2021VZ T7 »¼ÍçÁHH T44IH \ 64 L 83

1TS1 PFbUT3 PPF,5N ,!!P \PO &4SOPA P7

TBT)THTHN T 4LL T C TITI LLL4bTT HHI74T ! WB 4 14210007.4 [1722200H 36507[ \29T & H &H L

_H HH_H; HL ;HT4T; _ ; 21 V L_& \47N&T O2021P V4 LTH H27+;4 b Z & P 230T OLT

; ; bT 3 T H+ 4\T 4N42TH+ OH44P7& THTHH\ N T\/T T)B) LO/L 2N4 !7H4 LM); 82 2021 | 595 I MM30 PA

1[2

I1 :

M( 7 M\\ _H;´NZ /H4H&10 +´´ 44 HH L b BT + T O3P_;´7 81

SL MaPL+ _E A&SAN

7;THMT &;&DJ&7 ) V Mæ2L_T\NLN\N L_LMH J\T+3MN74 1 7 L + 6 7 ; T T 2 H T +N T44 7VTT4&M&LL& ¡°á³·L³L· L VT H L + M , JDT3M7 + (^. 4;H N7FM 4NæMT7 MF=\, H ND/ EF L&47& H-194MVT7; M: \MT4 FN T M4\L BHTLH4T M:E &NH\TH\2H F, LMHL4\TD NNMF7 MT-19447V7 L.LV4BH76TT :7 HN!L MM \ T 7 T V LN , VTJ73H\;T 4TN76TT \ T644^H&.T \F: L^H!TT\D LT;HHT7 \N: V+\ Hb7 F,M HBiLi[T 7\M ! H !J\iM F::K L!H2 F N LLL\\4LLL194²4; 7?LOTT- H 80 2021 | 595 SO9U=QO9T=!@ HNa?1Q

lktpkopqprnpvpsmkj

®¡·4V6T HT7_H HH!_2 TH74V4L H ; iÐçª §°°³¡ H 44TLiç³³ & T !T L4(T4 &NL&®¡·4&T L4VZFAB²_&TT4 \ [ N H T 4T¤i¾¾³°¹Ë¦ )H[ \34TLH4 :.: (\4TN :)& 4L±³¡¡·°±°¦ÓB H[N®¥¹¡¥®¥4&T4V :1 2NBÀÎªª®»Á H1I .ÀÎªªTH; : \ B 7 \ 2 H \ H 4 T 4 V .HI 6T T L B L 4 7 J11 LL!L \ 7!\J46 ¡ 4 H ®¡· 4 !L;TiM³¹°°¢ V4H7H4 ®¡·4VL4 7H2T) PH750T&T ^HVH L/HÝ¾Ö³¾ßè°O M7T7 &TLDT!®¡·4^T 4T L/LT L&WTD 79

:((&((. # # V N 6 H 7 V4 & . H 4 6 T T LT;T.T&T 7?) H64 H 4\6&. T T L ;T!;L6TN!\6L 50JTV L7\H 477 L NNTN4 (((((((((((((( # ((1((J(( NTV42T4b #1: B_\T \THH 2T&4 4H!TVT ; ; _ +! 4 _((((H(((((( M4L\) \ # 74 HNTN_N!\ T 7? 2T 4 T47CT L7 ;T4V I_4B&N H((((. LT/N ^ (((((((( .474V\ #: H;HTHH3V 4NH&H\T LDLHML HITZ \VN)[ DTT O 2TTTN4 7 V & T LH4 L4LTT 4T& LT4J&T & 4 VT H64I LJWH^H N;HH64 T\ T T /N I 2 LNJ 78 2021 | 595 NPa: ?P AF 5NHP\A5? , PNA S0F ,PN P,SA 5

HH &&21H

(((((((( # :111 T\ b 77VTN\ T 4H \H 11 3;50BTN J )&& L247 [JTN;V THN # & V Z \ HTH4TNT4 4N\TN T\VV&6 T \THH TT 2 4H ! T V T ( 4 \ & \;; _+!4 L.)4H&76 L\) & H \ T (((((((( Z 4 NH ((.H. L OHIT 1& d 77

LL 4 V N TH . ! T\; TM 7T N4BTT0 H 6;. T (H\L7 &\L V; T7? HNTN.\c\7 M!7 T H V4L B4 4 L T TL"MT ;4 .4D&. TN T2M4 ^H L1 & 3"T+ WN7 T N4D& .BTJ4 27TJ\/ 3GT GVBTNL; 4 b L TTL;;T T2(HT LT3T; c42H(LHH b H 3 ! H6 H4NTH. L.LBN . /L 3 N @ TH;HNN 7T 2T H;N+ N .T B 7 L4! /T ;7? LHH 7? TD\7D42V (TN2 T \ B 7 LN7 ONTNTNP7ZTN L7 N7\N !T.T4LT H TH L \ LTT LN H3TZ"7;H3 76 2021 | 595

LH.TTH4 4T2B 4 TH b N TD!T / ; \T N4T7B TZ2014; TVT4?\ \THTTHJC B 4L 6 T2016²NTN2 2017 5 N 3 2 T / Z 2016 /2TT\ HD150442017²; L322& . T4TH.BT T4bH4 GW& T N59==?SH3T N T44[H² P4E11 .T + 2T B ! L E ALP L iTNT V; T SFF\,F@A T 2018 ; T ! PO4PXB:0XGY!F HH T PPP0NP T L 7 NHT B6\L/^ !7 4VH4.[ 4NNT H H4TT+* LNB T7T\T T ) 3 N TD HH. TNTH(N27T +W[T JLbT ^HTT!\ &N3HTT T2T.NT TH . 4 3 D 3NIH7H T\..N( THTJ4 N!7!M@ /3J4 M7+(HT \TTT_ 7TbT+HHD4 HNH T 75

NHL2\ M&H2TV L ;T H L LH.T M 1H VT+ MLDJ&\T TT32011; 7N;! J\TVTH J4TT HD7;T N HVZL\T T)DHG L((7? TNT H4 7T D TH C 4 7? QTH.aUOH!1 L H H 4 4 Q1NV=F0N T6HL4 &TN N7HP]T LT T C ?:!M N\.4 T& PF]>P?P 7?4Z H! &P\,> L HP HM PN7 M \ ; NT N !4 T4B4T4 L&CT4 \ H 4 7 T .H H*Z H4 4TT &TL14 \TH4.4N H 4 b H44004N NT7TNH;T(TN 4L4H44103\26473 79 2018;85Z T30TNH*T T D 6 T 2017 L 13 4L b H .;N (H. 7TJL T VT N ( TH 77(\&T4 T1 . HTL2011;55.14ÍÐL©ã [T\TH bT N4 74 2021 | 595

L2 T &T + 4DT H . N+ + T @ TH.\THTL B1 3 N );!TMJ T+;T 3TL Mb )H T4DTTH 7/T\L .4DL \ +L H 1 L L7D4T W T ^ ^ 6H )DH\ V4Z7?T TH\7 TH 7T\3 VT 7 ! H 7? 7N!TZ 73

H 7? (QTH?HU:Y= L H N H \ ,\=@+ 3U=N 4! H4T4. APPNM>7] ;H 6 ,SNHS\@ . H4 H N ( TH 2011PNA 7? L H H & 7 LN T T Hb LL W ) T H TH ;T H 2 .TH3 T d H 4 TH LLTH2 T2TL 7 4 JC b\ .T 4 NL b 4 C + L(BTH HTM 7.H;2bT + !TL /T3NTH. ( TH LL T 7!\ M7\3N T3333;H ; H \ ;TM(*)T34\ 7J\ \ 7Z2011 TTH* T \ 2 N TTL 3 2L H ;! V H N 7 T N O NP !T 72 72 2021 | 595

T 4Z[TH!/T) 7?& 2019;LHH .J; T\ 6HTT N 3 \ZTH(N. N+\VL&\7 b(L7T( N7?2 P\4 ;LL 4 TT\ O N4BT /TN 27TJ\ CTH4BHL; PHB&. )TC;H 3N2N 7 4 O . H L 7? \HTH4 C_JN T J TH 2 TTN NTHI)T HL/DT L M \L IT 7T 7?H HHT N 4BTLBTHJT H&O/P!HB + T TTH& ;TC 6 6(;B6 L 2T 6TH&L\ \3!J&64 LBH2TB NHLHT J[;L \ 4LT\ N L LT H3TH1X H 1 H 2 TH BT 1 &TH T ."6;H2N 71

L;^ >F>IUS>\ TH4BVT 7?7 A>FTaTH LHH ( @CE?A4DP2PP ;Z2019 6 NA.aS0I\ 5 L 4B 6T\ TT OANAFNS T . 2 ) D N L& J4TCTV 7 T H N TH . T T T TH 4 6H L TH b H D!TDTBTL M 4NTHT ^2DJ LH 7?T)H T 7? 6& 64O6P!TH H.( [\7 HNMH ;N. !L\T @\.H /" TTTN TT\ TT)TTL \ T T 4D 2 4LH\HN. T.T /H O P L L2 H7THML 4 ( . 2 L + &\ /T )B J 70 2021 | 595

;T Z 4B H /F]TU T4+ L7?+2Z .a@A:Y E` T \ ;T \ N LT 27 HFAPN]P H

X [.aE?AP H! T 2 7 );HH 2011AO4 F\ 4cTWT+ HTH D/\HN( d.HHH HTMLWL 4T4D/Pc HTW4DJH /T(TH L7 H T2T7 THTH.T T;HH7TJ Z 2011; 4 \[. \T;H H7HHH 7T N ( TH . !T &(3VH\ 7T \!L 7HV Z6V J7T4JM7V HNT\4; T2 N H J4 6TBT7T 2013;N!T THLL7T4 3(NH L TT N . LH 2 ! CTH V ; N ( TH HTC2030 69

LO4 H H 2 4 N T Z O&&T QTH.aU 828.2 4B M \) ;H & O ! :5NEN( .20202013 TH!\THB L &TB7( L . L H & ;=1= NNH VT T JC T4L7 T ,1UI? d HBTNV HTDLTH & N^PA L N N ; :5NPNA 6 ^ W TT L ; ;T H 7+HH O+HH TTT 6 & L;726 T C 6T ! NP[H 7\;;T N TH WL b &;THJL ! [H /T [ T6TTLH HV6 N\4 b+B;H OHHO(H&&T7 W4 .+ (TH ;&/T; TBW( OP&7HN; T2THB6!TD H&TP7L 68 2021 | 595

(4N7T

L\ +b NT V@9 M\H _; H L 2T \ V V4 P90QV H N N L ; TN; ( J ( T T) 1;=UE T TT 7? 7 THLM77 ;H &TH H N FATN T H 7? T T\ ! G?FN!G) &T M L b H;7? D T 4HH N P! T L H \HB 7? ?PF@7?? = L H H 7? 4DTZ L H H 7104T)TN L&;4 .1994;; DTN4V NNH .L \B 2VNOP THT)&N? ;H104 \Tb TL 2NT ITT& 7^77&. NH "M T\"JL ²I\)TW)L47 LT7T 67

J .TT H N L )TT NG9O VH ; 7?4 6T2015; \ + ; N >, A 4&H T 4H& LH;H PAP P 4 H V4 1 T ; T &T ( > 19 ( 4² 4 H\ \ T ; H H V Z T T 4 G0N 122 V) 7 H H H . H T H H .0ESN ) T \ 7 H) ]A0&N@ (L ^ 4 6 4JL 7? SOACP)H 6 4 L . \ TH ; H ;.V "3H;7N\TZ dH \7?MN N N NBT 4L)TH&. MHN;/T 4TN4 T H.+HL 2/N.T- THBT &7?ZH T)1971; .+L4; HT )T7T1 ( ( 7? N/ 7 V4H T/TT D D H 4 Z HL\&T 66 2021 | 595

L ;H 7 /)H )4²H 7) \D &2\N.7H. L+)T\NT+ NT&²3N. VTN.P&TL)T\ LTH&2 +\7H 4(. L7 H 3THbM2 . \ T 7 T H H 6 V \T7 TH ; 7 H L 2T 4TL+H H\ N \ 7 )T 72T+T\T T4(LH 4BH V N L 2 2 T N . 7 H(HH 230 T Z H ^T64H T ) JT Z ^ D 7 &\H)LH)\HT BHT7^H LTJH; H H 65

&/H2LM N=a HTH H SN d;T \ +H H )NN^TH S0IFN 4H264M^T 2T447H .aP0 L H L J . !N0]P H T TH \ \T & HITHL2 E :A 72T .44&LHN. O7I TZ \NTNT 64 2021 | 595

P0SHa> FA7AH4JCSA0 5 S0I (PH o P]P 4

HH.I b.bX 11&OP.1 1JI+

V 7VL Z64T & ) MTT7b&T b!\JC+W !\TNTJT 6 L[THM T N b TT\LTL4 H3LH4. 64TJbBTVT Z \ \T &2W M7b24T/ 63

jklmnopqrstutuvY ,wuxtuy4 «z{}{~»L,

Xo¤i ¦§z¨©ªj«¬sppn{ppk20211513

LN &[4 !T &Ê¯V2 4)T40° NÓßÀ°Íª .MBDA4§§À²J ¯²£ïÂ¦£² 2 T T 40 LïÂ¦£ §² À°VL H²+L&)30 TMNL TT64L4H LHJ4 × 30²2000[TH L"30& 105¥Â Ê¯V ;!T6NL150 × 30²7113 N . ; T HB+Àª°i¡³ T\L4 L 105Ê¯V64 Ê¯4TBV NîÊßËÊ¦²4155 N; LTÊ± ;T\6²& TñË;H [44T6NL LN+& 40302520d 1271007640\ 62 2021P595

\ \ T 7((((( 3(((( (((( ; (((((( L((((4 (((((((\((((((((((( ;(((( ((((( 7N7 PC"N((((((L L7(2018²LO \3I4 L T & \ T TH H HHBT\ T#62T.4LI TP ( H [ 2T L "&L2019²O TTT+d OTP2TJ\L ? & . T ;! [2T6.LTHI L L HH Z b L " M WL4HL J B T \N 7H d² 7 L ( 7 J T N 4&IH NTNN7Z LI 61

THI\? H H7[P LL7 THHL2012M²O\ ÊÝËÀ²GN)T T4LTJH\ d202130 L20187(² 4 \ 2018 ² ) LL\)TT6 ((((P (((((T ((( (((1 \LJLH L2020((((((²O(((((((((((((((((D(((( NH4LH4 _ ((( L2021²L T 4 ((( P (( (( ZI\JHC ¤¹² O \HHMT2T (((ZTN Social\H bL\ 2020² (((((((( &T7\H4²\TO¥¢ (((\((((T((( ((((! (((\ ((( L L Z "\H J N& BT (( H (( L^TT7H7T4 T H M(HW(&T DL I (((T 2((((( ((+(((((( &((((( L 7(((((( (((( ((((( ((((((( L ? ((((T((((H((( TH (((( (((( ((((\ T V H ((((( (((I ((((((( J " L((((L ;(((( (( \ TH +(((T.(((T² H " 2T L2019 ^ 64 (! G V ) Z B T ;(((((T ( (((((((((( LTH; ((((((((((((((((((((( (((((((((4((((((((\ [H (2(((((T TH & (((((((((((((( ((((( !6[H? +((((((((((((((((² 6LL&VI ((( L2020 ; L \ O[ ;H P 7((((((((((((((((((((C ( ? HT N ((((((( 6 (((((( TT N N ; _ T 6 / ((H((H ;LHTH! (((((((((((((((L M \LNT .20202016 ; ;_T L 60 2021P595

P1 55 ?D,X1 P]P H,IASPAPXB Na?,P,

+M2H 2021Z9998 I:1+ 1+ + &1_+ ±i¨HJ

L \HNT BT4.64 T T V4 \ ( T L N T NH NHT\ NDZ"bH.T< Z "20214² O MP 59

T &¥¼3(1 .CFM4 ;CFM563(H/¼Ï T&&T\L4T37 TH 2T7TCFM42010 3T1 \ ; ª +4NCFM^ 7\LH £®^+L).4TN£®²( 6 7\ 4 N H NT \ 43ª2T H H & N P dÂ® ±² . + 4 4 L L &I¥¼3 H&T742019; Lª´ªªªiÐÏ´ªªª*T LOH T_7HCFM4T £® ^ H &L 4 4 2+L2b 2/H\TT 7 . 4 \ SAF² & H 4TW(L2050; 4 IT 4 LH \ ) H H !L LH)&.4 H4TT4LH LTi) 58 2021 | 595 CFM :P :P]3a

I)H21[ .³z¤´J+ ³1XI:_:

L7 TH & H 7 T T N 3 + 2T J7& "\ L. 4 L4 / T '6;3J ¾®¢§Â®± \ Z 4 L "T # H ) L TL\VCFM47T4\N H T _T LH T 7L T T;HT1 VLT;4 7 \ N L L ;H H T ; 7 H DTHTJL 57

LZ+4 ¹° [ L T T Ó¡ 4 H H 6 ;T 7 \ T H 4 T !L ! H I ! ¹° P d7 TH TZ;H\ \ LOT&\_ &LT \¹°ÂL;! ^ & .H ^ H &\ T & LOß _T L; & I H4 TT¹°¦°°¢Â H7H ¦°°¢\LT4.T4 Z"NH.¹°Â ¹°°°À67 7H7N\ Ý ¥¤ ÝÝ¥² Ý¢° &ÎÎãCT LÂL;! ¹°¡¡;!T 4 Â & 2 ¹° Â T T 4 Ó¡DDLH \ Ê»&)&2 T 4 & T \ 56 2021P595

~uyrjpyr ut !lyvtqpv2 L>5a!@ :P]

ipk¬¦jk¬rpr+ ¨rs1 :: TTÂ;!LT \ :µzv )H&\; )TÓ¡4 1 .»£±À³¡)H &1 4 N H N H 7 ; Crysalis / &P dÓ¡ IHipk¬¦jk¬rpr TT)H 1 MTT7M i ¹° T T LT!L)TiH \L _T!B444 ;!L.4 )T!&4Crysalis 4 §¾ »º V T Â² L ;! L¥³¯ !LT._T LT 4! 1 ) . Â 7 L_T T 4 H ) & Crysalis T T & .T ; 2T4L4! T T ;H ¹° ° N T ; T 77H!H7 L./ M4N)464 T 4 7TH 7 2 _&7 55

1NH&U=UT SO:=`M9 IP\A59O1U= SPPAP ?N)AS P@N4SXO@

T ° ¼ª H ^T L;HT75 TH H +L & ° ^ TT"\ 7\L T & T 7 &T\\TH L

XH:1- 7- Ö¹· Ó° ÖÓ 4 ; T T ; T H 18 D 2 ° H T H L4T H &T Z "+ M / \T V L4 ) N ! 7 3 _ \ H44Z&4HAV4 H TP d °° 4 4 .°¼ªH( HH7T°¼ª E-HAV1² H 3 T T HT2TNV 3\T^ Z&L)T \T 4 7 T H&/1 VTH7L LO4442B 1 L\T& ;T ° H " C L 2 3 4 \ E-HAV1 ; + ^ T. L 4 500 H & 4² \L H ; ^² 2[O &²H44 L°¼ª H°T)L\ L)T ;B1 ° °ºiÂ¾²H L "D H *T ² 4T °T "&bJLH1 L3NTHL M/T;&T !\"H 2 L;7H 54 2021 | 595

HNF43a&PA,AOlrqqpv ~pyquyH:\L

·tªp¬rz¬««jrnipk¬nwtspOP: XHijk«trupk¸¹:ºpsªr¬«¬»jpn &5001& ¼lkjuijk¦pªjs«pn

/(°¼ªH&T& .T/H L)

: \&LT iH4)T62023;3B H4 )T 2025 ;7 ° ¼ª H( .2030;7 TLH4HT+ 4 4 500 H 4 4 .2030;42025;L 43 4;T Z74!N 53

Q5LMa@HQ #QN^97H?U@)

H T) 72/ MH;L4\T3N)\ ;7IL/ TT)/ HL /T6\2NV)L L+L&; 3N)\LMH4L& V4VV4BHMHL4H/ M)T&\T()BTH 1 T&TJ&T6LV[4T[ \i3 ^76L6WL N # ·³ºá¡°L¡ N!TNH 6)4L\ N L)\\!T FF= H6^+!T LH;T7^7 NNL &TTBL/ F L7H /N)L&4 FE, L(&2T NF=F M+)L\+LT I2(2)LB\LLJ+ \4\LN\LL)b L)L;H_^\DT)LT7J V`U\? \TT; aU=SH TTH76T;)/ 4T )LTNHL Q?U@) 4BT/3TT V`H; !4TNJ HL\ )N H)\4TBT2B4 Q?O>5aN L3H)LT;T4T HM9O6 ² \ ) 6 4 T&b)LT&L\\²\ S1HU6 \J T.) MTO\L \T\&)L)L W L)L& L21aU \ ^7L\) M3E1UHH )L T^7L^7&\b LT7HH 52 2021 | 595 > ((PN((]S( uryrHH-139BH

I:+ 1 &I¼¼¸}½§1 :+ F¿p¬rtku¬ ¿p¬rtku¬¼p«js¬wpkn

Z H B T 4& 4 T 4 TH "TN7¥ LP)T LTH

2804»¼ÐçH12004&T »¼Ðç HH-139B T1 D)8046704 ; L N I ² N 2H N Z 6 "; N Â³ è L°º§±²LH ·N32H J P d( 7 \ LG)N !D@ 7 &TLTN! ²64; H&T T¥4 L ;! N L LOL I L T HC ;! ; Pd+\ I C + \ NH;T ; \M;HN! HH- H T L L & 6 NJ²?;! LT 139B I +! & SAR² N Z H &T 4 N i \ & L i. 10004¥4 51

stuvH SH&Pa bPa2a N]/2Paa@ a 5]

H _ 4 H L TH[JT 4B-21H¡·4 TH H .T _ 4 2019 ; 4 H ¤ _ & _®°°º¢ß¢À ßi¼ £ H T J\ L Ý¹N H»¡T4WH &_7\Ý°°£T H)&TH M\L .B-21H \N1942;18 ®±¡°¡ILTH J_&NTT Ê°OIP¡ B-21HTTBTL[HL 2021 ; JL 4 bH ®±¡° À°¹ LNH7B4 H_®°°º_& ßi¼¥TH7HL_ & B-21 H H )T 7 T4 W H 7 ßi ¡°¢¦OP LB-52HB-21 _ 4 . 50 2021P595

[,N HPO kpuy H 7L N H 7L L _ J &ZB-21HLB-52B-21H 1_I2 N/2Tb2H H2§³|¸·tjupk L H ßi¼ £ H J _I +L+4LH N;TH&\J B H L( HTH §³|¸b1 B(BTTZ :J1 LT4L L+T :12 _!TZHTN :1J ^T\& HZZT4BT LI)T ((( ((( (( (((T B-21 H ^( (( T _ L I H T H&T 4 D7D+VTßi¼£H H[NT _bL_TH L/ 27ÊÂ³¡¡4ßi¼£H &T H 2018 ; \ 4 Ê Â³¡¡ 4 4 H V L2015 ;4 _LI77L ÀÁ»¹´ï¤³´°°´4 H TB N ;L¹¡ÂîÊ´ß®¹¡ L \B-21HT_ b!T7^J\2018 _;!!THT &4B-21Hb H6TTTBL_ T N/2Tb2H& LO

: B-21HT J ; T T \ 4949

NLntyp :P]SN

^J1+ ©tkjt1 I&^o¨o© :µzz1^ Z

T 4 N H T 7 \ ®ÝÝÀiÂiªª^24À4T &T 4 T P dÀ² L!LPTV 7TH2NNN7 420THL^FAMOUS²O4 64&\;T+LFAMOUS^2T LLTH7H 4 64 L 7 ! T 4 TT®ÝÝÀ )D LLTH7H LO)T L TH ^ 7 N7LH\+/ ®ÝÝÀ^TL500 ^PdÀ¥4 +L;2HV/ H^L64T LÀ4/) TTLT O4L!LP^+ !L4MFF²N T T T FAMOUS² L!64 T)HL 7 T L H L T!L!N T L;HT HHTH!7 6^ND T7L!Í²4 LOLTH.2 L 48 2021 | 595

OIS\PAENAV P?NSH!@LPA0L

I2zi·Á+ Fµ{ÁvO PM IH1PH Âv©i^HOM oºi1ipk¬w¬kjuj©m»«jt{iz .{i¦:2zi·Áo³¤«j»ªiv¨

L)&\ & L ECARO L ÂÊ ! T ECARO ÂÊ²LL! &TÂÀ²&T;!N ®ÂÊË(²ML J\TH \L"T&Â°° H[7L LHGH L&N7 LTH43T À°¤ ° 4 V ÂÊ \ L®¦À²^ . ;! À°¤ÝdTH4\®ÊÓ43T T + L H HM¦§¤°° I(;N2T^H 2 7 ¢ Ö° 4 3T TW 4T®Ê²N LHLT L2N L T V ECARO J TH ¦§¤°H;\2T L ! 2 I \ V -150 TTNÂÊ²L ! 7) 7 T H À ;! ; ) T L LLÂÊ £²&N H & Â¢° \ T 2 ®ÊÓ 4 ITZb7 M+ 3LLbH®Ê²N LH²!T T®ÊÓÀ³¢°4 47

C \ ^ 4 OCCAR²b4I& S`=N>\:5 ;N(LTH7b ?AACC =TGN T &T ND N L :PaPPC F]N_I & L H /L P@H,AA15 TH LM4 _I C \ T ^ I T BT +T C & T VTLN\H T C T \ 4 HDVTL+)T TTBL& )T D \ VT L )T !LC7Ö®ËÊ®ÊË£4 &[\LM!& C ! /N L OH/(O^\\C\ 4!L/J L!T T C L C \L J HVHÖ ¡+ T4T7H 7T7T T\NTL H 4 Ö®ËÊ ®ÊË£ 4 T TC_TL( 4 C ! 7 ;4L;_H1 ) bT !M 4TH7\4 !LL?7T LL4TJ TJ&T& \ ; 4 L 7 \ 2 N LZC HTTÖ®ËÊ®ÊË£ L!4L L 46 2021 | 595 HENSOLDTQU&0U BU¡¢{£w¤{w¤£¤H 99CS!@

b Ázzi·) X.& º¼Á{¼{vÁ¿oº C[v{vÁ·v C^§{¦µ 4,5501 &5000 11J20,000 115_I 1IH 2H

»è°\LV C C!&TÖ®ÊË¥Ý4T Ö®ËÊ®ÊË£Ö®ÊË¥Ý4.Tb LH2T C!T Ö®ÊË¥Ý 4 M Ö°° 7 Ö®ËÊ ®ÊË£ 4 [ 16 §¤ Ö®ÊË¥Ý4b\ËÂ¡·Ö 4ÊñH! 4Ö®ËÊ®ÊË£ ND16!;7L ( 2\/?b4 6TBãª T!T LL J H L4LLM ;TC7L44 7§¤C! ³³°À¢¡¡N\^ T7Ö®ËÊ®ÊË£4TH &C!7T\/?b WL T ! ;H Ö®ÊË¥Ý 4 & L TH L/NT4L Ö®ËÊ®ÊË£Ö®ÊË¥Ý4.T 1 C ! ^ 4 Ö®ËÊ 4 N H Ö ¡ + 74&TZ ® Â£Ë¦À H ®ÊË£ »è° \N ^ L TB Ö®ËÊ ®ÊË£ Ö®ÊË¥Ý 4 . 44[L 45

{|}~| ~~ ~ >E4?0

T ) P §° ® 4 Joramco 4 V 4 T H T Joramco 4 7 Joramco MRO _N J oramco 4 L T i T 4 i L 4B4 Dubai LO_N ® Ý® 4 & \ T4 2021L/7 _N ! J\ N _N 4 H;ZJoramco4_; b L _N ¥§®4NH.\N T T Joramco 4 4 LTH& b¥³¾¤§°®¥§® P 2\ Joramco 4 N H 7 BT+Joramco4(& 4TTTH L_N LO4) ¥³¾¤4H7

?@| ~}}|~4 P@LP@5NP L>P [@N

T £ Á ºè ®° ®¥ 4 V N!T[T73 N L£ Á ºè HTH 4&£Áºè \!L6T&TLL^ L T 4H £ Á ºè ®° ®¥ 4 T 4 +7W/O TLHTHb T7T43T L7 4 N N H H 3 7 2 TH T 3 TH&T£Áºè 2T)H.;H H2&®°®¥4& T4DL3 N H V LH LL7H £®°®¥4®°Â³ LTJ&43 2Áºè K 44 2021 | 595

F2a|}|~4^N IS,7aN

D°°4V ËÂ³³³· [2·°¹®±¡®§ £¹4T°°4TL4 2T4TL°¢ LH § °¢ §¢¡ ; N ^ N \ L ^ ¾º §§i¼ªªª ¥°è À¾¡ Ó° Â³ °³° 4HD¥ÀÓi¼ªªª °° 4 H 4 T W H VT4ZT6T J7!T VLLT ^42017;LH TT_T6; H4 ^ M 4 N ± £i³ ££i©ªªª BH6T2;V L L ; N H H 6 . 7

N]E0.aF>A~ ~ Airbus4>N

7L \7&4T ¢°TJNT4140 °¹ ^7TÂ®Ý¢°4; ¤¹ºH!LD Ý°4J\TAirbus4J 4 ^ L JL D T7L\ 7LT 4NLHTH L&TT7LN)T 7W ^ ND4 43 T4 4T&/4JMCC² NHH4?2LV N N Ý¢° °° Â® Ý¢° 4 V L Â® Ý¢° 4 ; ;L Ý°ËAirbus44 T!L 7T^4TL2019; L44T4T 4H! 43

]M]OO4Kratos S L

7LTL ^! îÝ¾Á³¹4V 2 D L°³´ Â° ß³ 4 J Ý¾ Á £¤ JHJL& ³ ± Ý£² Ý± LHH\2 À H T4 . 7 M 4 7 & Ö³¡ Ý± î 4 ³¾ »¾ M H 4 » L & 4L T 4 Ý¡ M\bTT [NHL !³°&L L4W ¤ Z ¡° ¹¡ L L(!ºº 4 4 M 4 +L!L4î \2NT ³·i·°WL!L LHM \ ³¢ ¤

L TT. N Z MBDA 4 3 N c T T _¹ÍÏVJ H ^ Z 7 L LMN!L CAMM H 3 N c ÊßÝ² M N ÂßÝ² ;! & ¡¡ i §³° §° J; D L 7L W Ó L4 c4TB\c 3 N c \T N TÐªc ¹ Ð H _JHN L ¹ c & N c VT J VL¹Ð¼26 H 3 H ÏªãT&¹ÍÏ 4 \ & L N Z H 24 2 4 ZT L;c Ó;!T K 42 2021 | 595

SPNN HENSOLDT PEGASUS!@PBSH

[TNT DÖ®ÊË¥Ý4V À®Â¦ ;! T \LL N T \ ß¡·Â°·°ÎªªªH B Ö®ÊË¥Ý L & 7 O À®Â¦ ;! T7LN .-194 À®Â¦ 7 N H 4 4 J4 ;! T Ö®ÊË¥Ý +LN4L D7 &T4;!D 4[ ;!T&2T [T¥³¾¤4TL L442T ß¡·4HDL H TH V 303L7N &À®Â¦;!!L 4L4!4 ;!NT N L44 LNM7

FAP&PO ¸tv¹H

Öß°¤ T F-16 H & L \ V 120T^4[ \(& TWÖF-16 T24JLTLH \H´Ï\N 24§içñºß°¤ LD £¹ 4 [ ( & V\7 T°¢ F-16C H 10 LHÍ´Í TH ß°¤ ©ª© ¥¤ 4 V [i¼ÎÝß°¤©ª© F-16 H § ¥¤ § 4 T LCo 4 T ) & T &TH ´ÍÐM T H 4 LH ;H \ M\7 & L ;T?/ .F-16H 12T 41

L;N

Z TN T /T \ 4BLd )'W 4;NH H"2T4?T W 4 T ;N TT;NHTZ LWW 4

10 V= a)OAQ=a 2T :H PN?2PaPP4P? . _ V S WaO 4IN + 4 ; N N IN:H :P NHW 16 5 4G]AP O L&)

^OF]O4AEAI 4PIPYaNP]P AO NPNPYaO5:PEB

aIPNP,: MOA] IN:H 5 4PN? ASH]&P\,>F4

:,IN 5 4PN?2P A 5OP IN:H

,MINO4AE :\A4F].PY5 WaNLN4 MOPYO>2P A = 40 2021 | 595

&4NW 4 N V W 4LNT T N H THT. LMH

H1 ;N 4 L T T J ! \ ? H W MJ4ZN 4[HN DNHWT 4 T M LT AOa. TH7M4 " 4PItPYaNP]P MBT 7DT\T[ S D5 4:O0 LZ \ 4 2 T 4PAOPIN 4+L2;NHW T M T 7 H >FF\MO:O01 4 N ;N H 4 T "LH T^&4 M\M0 LNW ^.! CTHHV LN T . L [ M 7 N BT+T^4;4 M64 4;NT ;N H 4 + M M &T HCT_T L\+L2T^ ^W;N7 2 \ .T +4ZL M7;NH 4 L;H ;NHT7 TMN T764 4 " T 7 ;NJTH\. 39

M)WN THTHb\ LT4. ND43 T 4 43ZWL 4 N M &T MbT+J ) W 7 bT LL!. 7;2TM T H 6TI!Z 3;N LDT WL 4 7\ 4 .\. ;² N 4 ; N \H ! N \ N 7 &HT LTN N :1 [ N S0PAQ9=a I 3 LZ a AOMOE d4 3 4 4 ! >FL HO2a TH 7TH ; d HD N D ;²N4;7\ TWZ 4; THH T^TH 6TH;NT T(NH4C T4ND LHW LM\\ TH 7TH 4 WT T^TH 4\ B 4;NTHHD ";N 4\TT3 W B 2T M 4TH4T dM;N!T\ ;N H T ;H H ^ " . 7"H[ T.4" = 38 2021 | 595

EIN5 4PNaL A0F tYaN]TUQOUNQT MO 4PI

HWI 22021|Ê2X +21JIZHH& :1:1 I

" T M N ;N 4LTV N D M 4 H74?JCVTZ LN M N d " I D M T LN T H d 4 3 H4T 4H44Z \HNTH M!L 4 ; N T H H 2 LHWT(NH T TL \HN TN)WNN 7 Z \T 4 J 7 Z +4LI 67 LJ 4 \ d 19 i4 H\ 7 W T 4 4 ;N4"Z 4;N 4 L T H L)W 4".T 7L dH 7 M ;N 37 P?NH ¾~tv¿¿À

³°ÓË¥I2 À³ÓË¥·°°¹°¢ 3 N ;! ; 4L V N ËÊ² M ¥°¤i¼ªª² H_1: L +! 4 £² N ; 6 7 ! T 4 V L1 _4 H43;!Z 2\N\;!TT 4100²TJW;20²T L;¥°¤i¼ªª² 4²1.5²460-70 H L4 55 J 4 LL LTH/N;! 4 M;2.460M;1.1357((((((((((((((1 1500TM^48.7N , 36 2021P595 70O4Á}~tÂ EBP(N

H_1: ? £·¯4V2015/ L1 1d .1 £4H \M L3000dJ .2 Army7iç¦(2i L10d .3 .¦iç4M.4T2016 L5.12d7 .4 ¦iç420186 L2 L2.53d .5 LV L2.5dTH .6 & 2018 18 L3 L7 3d3 .7 4 T ¦iç \ \B H 410(435d .8 LT7 db .9 21 ï ° Ý¾ £±º 4L4 L©³²30&1²L J 4¦içTT2018 L7.621²LM 12 JL V 4 c4²L(\ . ¡° L§¼ª¤i¤¢³¡°² ¦iç 2018 25 Í£Ê® 4 L5 .¡°2²L LÓ¤ª¼¬TV4 d .10 2019 ² 24 ¤Á À³ 4 L6 46d²JOCH-4²4!L H(¦içT L43d L)H4TN. ;!LM L.H)Ld& .11 35

VAN,P o3O ?A]@IN,A?P ,:,FbOA?BN !A]NFAE ,_55EA? O:O a

/T 4 4T T1 V4N.NT64 TN + ( \ +T; DC MN 7? ) 7bTH L H H 7? ; TN.H 7 ! . LHH 7 4 H 4 TTTH 2THTHW; 7NTT T 6 TN 6 L 3VV +T P4DT\T L bBT _ J[H TNV4O T T L L +7 L 4 4J\4 4W&^HH 7HV V?7H O!TV L TH TH Z KL 34 2021 | 595

7?>PENVAN5PO PL P PVaOA5 AP V P!GNJaP HY ,4,aFN&?A !a?A!N5 :P 6N:F0:5N 5 OP0A OP

\TVN \T76 V\ LVNJT ;H7?4 7?2 ^ 4 2 D V\ V N T & 4L I H 7? BT Z 4 N L D LV4 \4\N T TH V L/ .TDVH&\ b V &\ V T TN\L V44N1 LTD B ^ \ C [ ;T T TN V 1 4 " 7? ) H VNN T T & _ H & V 64H ;WN TD 4 TH WLNN0 7 H4Z!N;²3V N1 LL&\ LT 47 DH V; 1+1 + \ H D 33

aOHS((((((((((

7_\\ 1 ;VHV4 J 6 \ DJT4H& \T!LH V4044T VDT V! &M 4 T V\T T V +4ND H &\ T\ ; T4 VB L(N

!T V L * ; LHJ7? H .T .N6T; &\ 7 T4 T T LH T B 7L NNN&\6T 4 H 1 . N7H\ KL 32 2021 | 595

FON0/ ((((((((((NQ(((5= GNJUa[=@

1X1H111 1X1H) 1 :1XIH : ::

_HNV4 TN BT \JLHN HN\N44 6HT&TL 7T\H LNH 2T6TITHN \\THN TT N4L!6 2TT47T L7L;4+ T!NTT0 \&;T/JL V ; V7 L)TW

(NTTH 4;NH 7LB&NN7 VVH) T &T4V7; 31

.H NA H AAV AAN:7I :EP &PAS&P\N P0SOHAO :5NE P4[a \PO4

\!LH LHH 7? ^ 7 T ; Z C76NT 2&+;H L!THbTB LNG\ L4LN4 I dV H . 7 19 i 4 \ /L;3V 4TTB \H 1325²N H\ NM&L L;\ 4\ TH TN/ 1 LL; \ 7T 4 + .H ã66TN)T [N ) ^ T I T & D .H ã 30 7 6 . \H 4TNVD H Z T ; " Z´7JTTL TH L ; V4ZH^ &\;H 5&VTH LL;\BLI .H LT _ 7HV N(TNV H&&\ H74N4T L\4; 4T[T DT Z H HH 4T´V TNVBDT()1 +N2 H \4TH ZNJ 4´HH 4!T)T BTV4T B H \ 4 _ L7\ H7? KL 30 2021 | 595

V44.HTNN _&T bBH4\ NVTNT L4

& . D T TN V 44 V +; VTNVZ H ;TVN V N 7 4 V4 Z ^M& 1990;VBTL 74HbT L N N4T4 LL74B& LVT 7BT4N7- LLT PNA3 WN7LVT ^77J

, 1X ; V! ,FE PA LHH7? JV! ,H, 5EONEN L; 7HV P]P O!TV F0H P@5A TH Z /T 4 7 SO\/a,:\ V4N.NT64 +T; LMN L\/\H 77bT NH4+B ; TN.H ( G( (( + ; 4 L. (J ((I T (( ( L\&M((T(( V47.TTNT ;H(( 7LHT4 H;HH bT ;H LHHL JVTLHD TTN3 \T \ 4H 29

77bT ; TN.H V . LV

_ ; H TH H 3 V V\ D L H M L H TN;7H/LLN;L &T6_2021; !H7? L;2021; ; + N ; TN ; 7H TB HNTN_T(28 T 47CT N;T4 V I_4B& T/N ^ V H4 T/ TD; LN

\ b 4 4HN[ &62 H &\ 1 H&\ H T L N H6T !H7? 6 NTH H H ; 7? + 4H ; ! 64 LHH 7? NNL\ N;TLM LT. N4. TT 7 C 4H\H&bT/2T !&_4TN;7 TNH4 )DC V4 LTN T T 7? H . N / 4 ; D .(CT;

_ N 2T T TN V N _ \ ( HH TN3V\T KL 28 2021 | 595

EP 0_AFVa OA\ TN= :\&A\

11 :J1:11 IHZ+ 1HZO :./ 1 +1 27

Q]9>OVNX

N)34 LTTNW ?TTTL&TV7\T (ZT ^7H(H LH&Tb 1 4TWJ TT4 \Lb6TT4N ºá¡°L¡ L ) 2 VTV7&Td7LJ ]7PN H&V^7 \3T ;7 ]P? L VT W HHTdJ 3AE N.4BTLT > VTHT4LN T4 HHTL 4 L22TT 0:] 7& \TH\T 7?/ ?A !3 ?BNFP>5a LNi ^ !;;i7 OF0I L ; 7 TH NLVT F,P NN4VL& FP @NA TNLTLH LT)\4 P]P S0I HLNM(H7HTH F==N N\3TH Z H4L;! ,,IKN H7LC\4LT F\ HL3L L7\&B L, TT^B4 =F,I 43WTWLBH4 L N=M KL 26 2021 | 595

,, , AN],]SH0 ?@P,z{}{~L,

4 \ V 4H; LL 7 NHN 44D47H7& W H DEFEA 2021 L ? 4 !L T T 74TL!L L7H4\ _HL2N THVTVT 4 4 C & L\J 3\VTZ +L 2T T 4 4 1 T7) TH 2N4 L74&T 4LIH47 L3;H\ 3Z7 J\L 7T \ D : L3;HB!\ T N H ; 4 &ZB 4 LTN. 2N4; 25

S0?IAFa S0O4 aLPN N\\

4 ; T \ \ L3L 44; 4H 43H7? H H T\ . L & 7T T. 3L L4H T 2 \ TT LT\ KL 24 2021 | 595 P@F?, OO4 a S,A.OO

NH\4; 4 7T Z!N T . & 3 L .TT 6 H . L3L 4 HHN34;4 TIH THD _&6C4 L4TTT L N4; T H N ^ 4BT TBT T 3 L B Z T&+6 \7. NT; T4& & T H " L24 LLL 23

H(( H LHH 7? LN H

+ C2T+TH H\+ ( ( WB (((TH+H2T\ ^TNTT!L N]? LT\;DTZT 2LVH H\b \@V0a A0? ( ( ( . T c H H(ZT42T P\A5SPO,F (T(+4H HVBT 4 ( +4 ( ( 7( ,7], LN2 TJHbH PaS\PHPOH Z2(TL 2((TBTN TD PO 7LH(H ((J(^( H H\VP \7\HT H V Z 2018 ; T 4;\TLH ;;T .+4H T 7H T&/?b H 6 H H H &T J T H4 T TNT HL L\T H &\ JH &: H\TLH M\6;4 4;6LN ! 4 ZT &T T H HN344 6 B ( 4 N !L HTH TH H\T_N7 H KL 22 2021 | 595 NN H5 H 5NH Pa S H\

1. 1.W &1H

LLHH 7? N N 7 6 \ 4 ; _ 1+ N 4 \ T \ V T 7 444LH \HH7\ L TT T H H 7 H 1 ;HHT+T \ 4 4 TBN 7H V D H;TN T 4T D T LH. VBTHH. HTVT H TBTH H\+L4 O4N344 \ T H N 7 4 H H !PH7? +7 T(\(((O;((P HH;7?O ( T N H OP4H 21

?aa S TLLO7\LN 2 IPEBANA:PEB !PLHH7? ??T;7HL :P,PPA, 443NH6 . N B \ V S,,J N N SFOa &HH \ ; ! T PP^EA2, ! N 7 L 4 T 3 N J PPA,PO 4 TH +L\TN T4 T 4L . TND L\2TNTHH \ I dH 4 ; NT TT;4D4\ L(;T?J LTTH2T T

& 4 7H ; H7?4; HIH7? 7L[&HI 4\T4I . L2 4 L _ KL 20 2021 | 595

^F?AaNA PS 15 PA

1H 1J:I: J^2 _I1I I

^T 7 6 \ !Pd7?47 VHH H 4 D 3 N N L3NN 19

,3SN PA]\ ?ANNA

4H42T NN\ H C 4 4 H T4 6 7 ^ 7 7 4 4 LNM4 / \ L \ N 2 Z \H 7 J\ L^7L . N 4 7 3 74HT467 3T7T 4 4 \H !MNN 3^4! L \ H & T4 T \

]\0 4SPH0 NO aP,4

V N b L 4HNb4; . 4 H 4 4J& L4 \ O; P4\T LLT\4H T N . LT\24 ;24H&L . T \ KL 18 2021 | 595

DN P P NO N 2 J Z4 4N! LD4 24H &H.N LH2&/? N Z 7 J\ 7T;T N B ! \ L3;H J \ H \ T ;T N 47 ;N&3\ T L4b

NO P ? 5P\

TH.\\ D N 7T 4 b ; 7T N \ ;H N 7 ! \ 4 N! J \ L3 LD4 T;TN\\ 24\ 47H\ /?&H.\N b ; N & 3 \ T LH2& L4 NTZ7J\ 17

5 SA 44 JO

4 DN; H &T 4 4N(344B 4&&O 4 O4P 4 H B4J L4D4O4P4N 4 7& &ZL&J ?8x8?[NTNT N[OLRV-20 4x4?MCAV-20 4x4 +T 4 L 4 NCT M D ^\&T H&TTT 4[N&&4 JL4TT[NT L\/LTN^TH B VO4\ L TBbT &TB4 MT 4&\&T;& LN TH +L 2 7 N LH

4SH04SPH0 N

H N b 4 2424 H4HN&L T 7 4H H TBT L . N 4H&Z ?2 .Nb4LH(N & N V L4T KL 16 2021 | 595

T \ N 22.TT LN NL2\ H D N

HNb44 H4724 Z4I D L4;T T L 1 N &T V H 4IH4726; H.TN 4 Z N \ N N 4H4 D\TT L LO4PH\T\ 4IH 4 J4 T ; 4 & N4 T 4 4 4 T HLN&&2 L & TD 7 . + N . . 7T LN!TTN+. N T TB 472424 TTTB L4IH L L J . N 4 I H 4 H L6TV HL 15

oP a?Ya PO5SN@ N1>Q M9!a=H 1=EH1UH

4 I H M\ L 4 T T 4DN T THHLZ7J\ bN&L b T N;TNT 4H4 L! B!\HT4N7 7 4 I H L3;HN KL 14 2021 | 595

YPNO ,?S0I?YaO ? &N5

:1 \ & T 2 7 4 LbH 2 ;TH4 1 T T 4 2 L 4IHD X2 T2 1 ; &TL O!PH7? : 4HHH;7? 7?OP \LHH BH; T 13

NP P FA ]@V] P5 P5^O4LH ¾P \ 5OÀ aO H\FJ P H\ 5NH

Z H\7J\² 4DTH H\ I)& 44L4HML) D 4&T T\IH [ 4 HBLN HL[H INLd744L4 TL!4&\\ H7? P!PLH OP4HHH;7? HH 7? 1 cM L 4. THH+!(d7 ; \ N ; T L 7 H H I LL . 30(^HV6LT4 4\T TBLL44L4N & L;4\TT0 H&7?; BLL7 _2LL 7N V\TNd+ VLN7 VT\T7T I V\ 4 V\+NT L4 2NJTHTT 4L 4 L7 !T0 7V4 CZ4&N LJT/T4T 2&d44L4H7 7TT7/ H4770 HT L V T Z T VL; ^4LHLL;7N. KL 12 2021 | 595

^:F N` ?4LPP515(4

30(^: I^:11 11X ::+ 111I&FH I :

42LLLN;" 4H .30((V N44N! LN 4H7? TTLL4H L TN 2T M 11

oM +O9;1T?BN-T95 FNV!`HS0\ 2H =UQ=HQ9=:EBTH ==U==M0

7 TN ;N L T ^ ; H + 1 L &\ \ T LL4\7\ &\ N \ I D T 6 D ^ b H B 6T 7(((( (((L L_2 LT 4\47\ 7?;1 ?B;TP 4 &\ & V N 4L I 4 L Z T T B TTTI KL 10 2021 | 595 N ^:F A, 2021tu¿u¿AY

^: 2021³2020 Z :I : .1 o NA : :Y=Ta9=S1 DN^ N H H FT7ISQTE:5 UH 44N! N4NHN S ]@NNS H= LH7? T T+1 QP\>QISNH \ N N T 7 NH T&\ LHH7? BLBJ4H& T ;7?! 2020-20217? O P 4 H H H +4. T H H 7? \ T4 L LL L D W4_T4 T !? / N i L T _ 2 ;T4LLN ?T;iH\N&\ *M4 LH?1 2020^T7? 44 ;T B T P d 7 L-2021 4 BT V! \ 4HM4&\ \2 H?74 9

& TBJ;((41 . T/ HH7?.2; LCNJ21 &644H4H\ L\ H ^ 444L4H NP P TBT ! VT. 1 NC2/ D&0 0 SMaSA1 P51 4LMT1 1 4DN NDT 2H L ^0 7 4 4?4LP 1 b- 1 - 3/ H TT AOP L^EA7I0 L &\;V!44L0 4b1 Ca3NH0/ HBNL\T71 0 0 [0 M _0 TH0 B0 PASF>Nb1 1 4M\V!0 . :O SaJPF (( D 0 0 0 M0 _\0 \0 I/ V2 T/ T1 L0 &/ ;1 H. KL 8 2021 | 595 N. :F Ma^ O5P@Y O

.2 : 1^ 11 &

I : 4HN46 4H427H . 4 4 4L 4 4 N! M ^. TT. ( (7?1 L 4L_1 \^1 \ (VN 1 . . TT\2 / 71 . (T1 . 1 . L

:: 2 1 / T0 . N40 7NV0 7V. . 4&\V7\1 ! 0 V J. D 1 T/ 1 . TH;7H+1 . N. 0 40 N T= 1 L1 7

aOOP30P O3PHLLNH H&4LT; 5 BA74> VLL L21_H

SHOF, IP 7?NHT 10007NN.P 4LLL+ *T ; OP T 142 N&T500 H;+L&3H 77T4864 ; L LL N L O P ; .42_H T;T4LL\ N44HH B ; " LH7? N\T LL L;H O3 B 74 O 3 P T 47H2H 4?!WB 4 L 14 2 1000 7 . 29T[17222007 L36507[M \ LL_; TNO2021PLLNH7? +P;H&N\T;V NH7P16 ;TO(P+4Z KL 6 2021 | 595

M\\A, P _OFA 0P_,F N=a ,aO5 PP3

11 13_ 11_

T_H _7?B L;; T\ T&N _H LL;T _H&TLL_H T4LH H L)M\\3 O!PH7? 64 S0I PH o P]P 4 82 38 P30 PAI

EIN5 4PNaL A0F PI t PYaN P]P AON MO 4

? @),AMa @N O1T[N AP5P5SA kpuyH9 50 86 #P]P 60 ,IASPAPXB ,P,P]P H Na? Sa

1 H(1 1971

PP30P_,F Na 6 ,aO5 595 +I Ma^:F N.P ;+NH OO5P@Y N(4 NHH 7?((4 H \.4 N\; T [N 7? &N NJ 8 ((4(((

S@IN M 1/4 HJ# 7NBTH4!\T ISNR IFC ,= 27 LT N7L N=N 49 FN 77 TTDNTH# = 85 LTH L /#

)# &2TD4 LT\T+ `UUN /AP]P

!7TbT+HHD4 7TVNTH. H TZM L7&\L 2M4;4 .4D& " T + W N 7 T .BTJ43 bL3GT T 2 ( H T 4 1 4HL .1 ;T7LHH 7? H H47ZL [email protected] L H4NTH.c42H( PNb ./L3N@H6 > JLAP .TB77T2T / T N +IWa[ 7TN2 7? PNA AA LN PNSH THTH H3TZ"7;H3LT 5a ;LL 4 E! PN 4BTT0 T\ . ; TN NN LV; T7? 6 N TL"!7 THV4 N &TN 4D&^H L1 N TJ\/TN F,N GVBTNL;27 , TTL;;T !LT3TL; =G\ .LB NbH3 = +TH;HNNL !H;N 7= ;7? L4 NN= TD\7D42V ,I:= 7ZTNT \B 7 7 N7\NONTNTNP F !T.T4LTL NNM7 LNL\

-1442QZ]# 2021 595a# 49 Q*# -Q3Z3S cT Q2c!Q$Z&

Q&aT&Q3Z3ScTQ c

] 3 2021 AUGUST

595

Issue No.