DOCSLIB.ORG

Mice Infectious Agents & Diseases (Phenotypes)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mice Infectious Agents & Diseases (Phenotypes) 2017 Brayton MICE INFECTIOUS Jargon Mice Infectious Agents & SPF = Specific Pathogen Free – Defined by the Exclusion list Diseases (Phenotypes) Gnotobiotic = defined flora – ASF = altered Schaedler’s flora Cory Brayton, D.V.M., D.A.C.L.A.M., D.A.C.V.P. Associate Professor, Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Director, Phenotyping Core Axenic = germ free Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 Autochthonous flora (indigenous flora) [email protected] http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/mcp/PHENOCORE/index.html – Microbiome/Microbiota Allochthonous flora (transient flora). 1 3 Infectious Agents & Phenotypes FELASA 2014 recommendations Discussion Plan 1. FELASA recommendations –2014, 2015 updates 3 month testing 2. Competent Mice –by agent 1. More common Annual testing : – Viral agents –Top few 2. More likely 1. Less likely – Bacteria –Top few 2. But concerning 3. Concerning – Eukaryotes –Top few 3. In a freezer near you 3. ‘Normal’ flora & the microbiome 4. In a pet store or wild 4. Immunodeficient mice ‐ by disease phenotype rodents near you… – Enteric / enterohepatic USEFUL BUT Partial list of agents… – Respiratory ‘other agents’ as ‘necessary’…. – OTHER Some will be discussed… 125. Biological Materials … http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/ibf/gesundzeugnis/hp-lab_anim-2014--178-92.pdf FELASA 2014 recommendations FELASA 2014 recommendations Mice Mice ‐ Viruses ‐ Bacteria 3 month testing 3 month testing Annual testing – add: 1. Helicobacter spp. x 1. MHV 1. LCMV Annual testing – Add: + H. hepaticus, H. bilis, 2. MAD1 (FL) 1. Citrobacter rodentium 2. Mouse rotavirus (EDIM) H. typhlonius 3. MAD2 (K87) 2. Clostridium piliforme 3. Murine norovirus 2. P pneumotropica 4. Mousepox 3. Corynebacterium kutscheri 4. Parvoviruses (NS1) (Ectromelia) virus 3. Strep b‐haemolytic (not 4. Mycoplasma pulmonis group D) 5. MVM 5. PVM 5. Salmonella spp 6. Reo3 4. Strep pneumoniae 6. Streptobacillus moniliformis 6. MPV 7. Sendai 7. TMEV http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/ibf/gesundzeugnis/hp-lab_anim-2014--178-92.pdf http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/ibf/gesundzeugnis/hp-lab_anim-2014--178-92.pdf [email protected] 2017 Page 1 of 42 2017 Brayton MICE INFECTIOUS FELASA 2014 recommendations FELASA 2014 recommendations Mice – Other Agents Mice – Other Agents Test as appropriate, for example due to : Viruses: Bacteria & fungi: 1. Zoonotic concern Hantaviruses CAR bacillus 2. Historical concerns (in freezers near you!) Herpesviruses Klebsiella oxytoca, 3. Pet or wild rodent exposures (MCMV, MTV) Klebsiella pneumoniae 4. Opportunists or too common to exclude Lactate‐dehydrogenase Other Pasteurellaceae practically from competent colonies & elevating virus (LDV) Pneumocystis murina usually not a problem iin competent mice Polyomaviruses (mouse 5. Experimental risk/exposure, e.g. polyomavirus, K virus) Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Biological materials Staphylococcus aureus . Experimental infections in the area . Gene therapy vectors http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/ibf/gesundzeugnis/hp-lab_anim-2014--178-92.pd6 f http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/ibf/gesundzeugnis/hp-lab_anim-2014--178-92.pdf FELASA ‐ Mice –q 3m testing Infection phenotypes ‘endo/ectoparasites’ Ectoparasites Protozoa/Protists 1. Fleas Immune modulation 1. Eimeria 2. Lice Polyplax Cancer 2. Entamoeba 3. Myobia Neurobehavioral 4. Myocoptes 3. Giardia – Hearing, vestibular 5. Radfordia 4. Spironucleus 6. Mesostigmatid mites – CNS – development/degeneration 5. Tritrichomonas muris Helminths Metabolic 1. Aspiculuris Respiratory 2. Syphacia Cardiovascular 3. Hymenolepis 4. Rodentolepis 23 Nature: (mostly) genetics Immune modulation Phenotypes in ‘Normal’? (+/+) Mice 129? Teratomas (Ter), lung tumors, acallosity, AMP, … Autochthonous flora (Indigenous) A/J Lung tumors, anomalies, amyloid, muscular dystrophy – Microbiome AKR Thymic Lymphoma… BALB/c Plasmacytoma etc tumors, heart dz, acallosity, kill each other – Opportunist C3H TUMORS - Mammary, Liver Microphthalmia, Hydrocephalus , MUD, Osteoporosis, Presbyacusis, Allochthonous flora (transient) C57BL/6 Amyloidosis, AMP, … – Most pathogens are allochthonous DBA Deaf, seizures, glaucoma, autoimmune • Commensal FVB/N? Blind, seizures, mammary/pituitary dz • Opportunist NOD Diabetes, immunoweird SJL/J Lymphoma, muscular dystrophy, kill each other • Subclinical DEAF C57BL/6, BALB, DBA, etc • Pathogen BLIND rd1 C3H, CBA, SJL, SWR, FVB + Different susceptibilities to infection and 24 26 disease ! [email protected] 2017 Page 2 of 42 2017 Brayton MICE INFECTIOUS Examples of Some Strain Associated infectious disease phenotypes Immune Variations Agent DZ Susceptible Intermediate Resistant (More) Innate (More) Adaptive/Acquired MHV - Hc c5 hemolytic complement & TH1, TH2 biases B6, BALB/c SJL/J demyelination Sclc11a1 solute carrier family 11a MHC Parvo MPV1 member 1 (formerly Nramp1) C3H/HeNDISCLAIMERBALB/c, ICR, DBA B6 seroconversion Natural Killer Cell function - TMEV This is an over simplification of strain responses to Variation in NK complex Klra (Ly49) Tlr4 Toll like receptor 4 SJL/J, SWR, DBA/2 CBA, C3H A, B6, B10, DBA/1 demyelination these agents Klrb (Nkrp) etc Sendai NAIP neuronal Apoptosis inhibitor Il2m1 Il 2; mutation 1 = Hypo-active Emphasizes someDBA, 129 responses A, withBALB, SWRrelatively recentB6, SJL Pneumonia proteins & Nlrp- NOD like receptor variant of IL-2 with decreased T cell data protein polymorphisms activation DBA, BALB/c, C3H, Ectromelia B6, AKR immune def Sirpα in NOD phagocytosis Tcrbv8 T cell receptor beta variable 8 BALB/c, C3H, A/J Mycoplasma B6, B10 Slamf signaling lymphocyte activation DBA/2, AKR Cathepsin E function molecule family (CD48) polymorphisms A/J 3H/HeJ & N H hepaticus Nu scid B6, FVB/N Mx1, Mx2 variation 28 IL10- Rag2- Some immune relevant B6 BALB/c DBA background strain genotypes Sclc11 MHC c5 Ahr ApoA2 Il3ra Rmcf OTHER (Nramp) oversimplified 129 H2 b ~~~~~~ Beware of substrain variations ~~~ Slc11a1R A H2 a Hc0 Ahrb-2 Apoa2c Il3ram1 Rmcfs Tnfrsf13c Bcmd1-A B6 BALB/c DBA A/J DBA/1 H2 q AKR H2 k Hc0 Ahrb-2 Apoa2a Il3ram1 Rmcfs H2 b H2 d DBA/2 H2 d BALB/c H2 d Ahrb-2 Apoa2b Slc11a1s BALB/cBy TH1 bias IL12 TH2 bias IL4 TH2 bias IL4 C3H More cell mediated More humoral response H2b-2 Ahrb-2 Apoa2b Slc11a1R Tlr4Lps-d C3H/HeJ InT-Hi NK more Ly49 Int-less NK NK lack THy1.1 C57BL/6J Apoa2a H2 b Ahrb-1 Slc11a1s Specif Klr NK complex Klrd1DBA/2J C57BL/6N (Dock2Hsd) DBA/1 H2 q Slc11a1s More macrophage Less macrophage Ahrd Rmcfr DBA/2 H2 d Hc0 Slc11a1R activity , TNFa, IL12, activity, TNFa, IL12, FVB/N H2 q Hc0 Ahrb-2 Apoa2b bacterial killing ; more bacterial killing ; more local/less systemic systemic & acute MRLlpr H2 k Il2m1 Foxq1sa-J Faslpr response phase response, NOD H2 g7 Hc0 Il2m1 Sirpa B6J / B6N variation in Il2m1 SJL/J H2s Ahrd Apoa2c Rmcfs Ceacam1Hv2-r Th17response FELASA 2014 recommendations Viral Agents Mice ‐ Viruses Top Few 3 month testing 1998 2003 2009 2001 2009 Annual testing – add: Jacoby & Livingston Pritchett 1. MHV FELASA Mahler 1. LCMV Lindsay * & al Corning 1 MHV > 70% MHV MHV MNV MNV 2. Mouse rotavirus (EDIM) 2. MAD1 (FL) 2 Parvos ~ 40% MRV (EDIM) Parvoviruses MHV MHV 3. Murine norovirus 3. MAD2 (K87) 3 TMEV ~ 35% Parvoviruses MRV (EDIM) Parvoviruses Parvoviruses 4. Parvoviruses (NS1) 4. Mousepox 4 MRV(EDIM) ~30% PVM SEN MRV (EDIM) MRV (EDIM) 5. MVM (Ectromelia) virus 5 Sen ~20% SEN TMEV TMEV TMEV 5. PVM 6 PVM ~20% TMEV 6. MPV 6. Reo3 *% of positive non–spf facilities by survey 7. TMEV 7. Sendai Norovirus (MNV) is fairly new to the list Sendai & PVM are less common – Isolation by ventilated caging ? http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/ibf/gesundzeugnis/hp-lab_anim-2014--178-92.pdf 37 [email protected] 2017 Page 3 of 42 2017 Brayton MICE INFECTIOUS Mouse Viruses Mouse viruses Similar findings & recommendations in different countries. Most common/likely (quarterly testing) Most ‘Prevalences’ seem pretty low (< 5%) ‐ or are they? 1. MNV = Mouse Norovirus (Calicivirus) Why test for an agent that’s not excluded? . NO disease expected in seropositive mice … 1. Less testing of positive areas fewer + 2. More testing to confirm negative status more – 2. MHV = Mouse hepatitis virus (Coronavirus) . 3. Outbreak testing more –(or more + ?) Disease unlikely in seropositive mice today . Usually detected by serology now, LIVIM = lethal intestinal virus of infant mice – NOT by obvious clinical disease… 3. Parvoviruses ‐ NO disease expected Surveillance (Sentinel & Quarantine testing) represent a lot of 4. MRV = Mouse Rotavirus (Type A rotavirus) time & $$£€ to test for agents that rarely kill, or even cause . EDIM = epizootic diarrhea of infant mice disease 5. TMEV (Gd7)= Theiler’s mouse encephalitis virus All infections immunomodulate, potentially impact diverse . NO disease expected –famous for ‘mouse polio ‘ research …. (paralysis in susceptible strains) 38 39 More viruses in mice MNV ‐ Murine Norovirus(es) Historical concerns that cause significant disease Calicivirus (MNV1‐4…..) Henderson & al 2008 – Sendai – Single Stranded RNA virus – Ectromelia virus – Human Noroviruses = primary cause of non bacterial human gastroenteritis Part of the genome (& Genetic engineers) Seroprevalence: 30%‐(60%?!) in research colonies – Retroviruses – 0‐ low in vendor production colonies Transmission: Fecal / oral In freezers, pet stores, or wild mice near you – Like other Norwalk viruses – Arterivirus – LCMV Competent mice – Seroconvert, no obvious disease Common – ‘emerging’ Immune deficient mice – USUALLY NO disease – Astroviruses small round enteric viruse… – Pneumonia,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conservation and Diversification of Small RNA Pathways Within Flatworms Santiago Fontenla1, Gabriel Rinaldi2, Pablo Smircich1,3 and Jose F
    Fontenla et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:215 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-1061-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Conservation and diversification of small RNA pathways within flatworms Santiago Fontenla1, Gabriel Rinaldi2, Pablo Smircich1,3 and Jose F. Tort1* Abstract Background: Small non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, and gene silencing mediated by RNA interference have been described in free-living and parasitic lineages of flatworms, but only few key factors of the small RNA pathways have been exhaustively investigated in a limited number of species. The availability of flatworm draft genomes and predicted proteomes allowed us to perform an extended survey of the genes involved in small non-coding RNA pathways in this phylum. Results: Overall, findings show that the small non-coding RNA pathways are conserved in all the analyzed flatworm linages; however notable peculiarities were identified. While Piwi genes are amplified in free-living worms they are completely absent in all parasitic species. Remarkably all flatworms share a specific Argonaute family (FL-Ago) that has been independently amplified in different lineages. Other key factors such as Dicer are also duplicated, with Dicer-2 showing structural differences between trematodes, cestodes and free-living flatworms. Similarly, a very divergent GW182 Argonaute interacting protein was identified in all flatworm linages. Contrasting to this, genes involved in the amplification of the RNAi interfering signal were detected only in the ancestral free living species Macrostomum lignano. We here described all the putative small RNA pathways present in both free living and parasitic flatworm lineages. Conclusion: These findings highlight innovations specifically evolved in platyhelminths presumably associated with novel mechanisms of gene expression regulation mediated by small RNA pathways that differ to what has been classically described in model organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenolepis Nana Is a Ubiquitous Parasite, Found Throughout Many Developing and Developed Countries
    Characterisation of Community-Derived Hymenolepis Infections in Australia Marion G. Macnish BSc. (Medical Science) Hons Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Murdoch University Western Australia This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University 2001 I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main work which has not been submitted for a degree at any other educational institution. ………………………………………………. (Marion G. Macnish) Characterisation of Community-Derived Hymenolepis Infections in Australia ii Abstract Hymenolepis nana is a ubiquitous parasite, found throughout many developing and developed countries. Globally, the prevalence of H. nana is alarmingly high, with estimates of up to 75 million people infected. In Australia, the rates of infection have increased substantially in the last decade, from less than 20% in the early 1990’s to 55 - 60% in these same communities today. Our knowledge of the epidemiology of infection of H. nana is hampered by the confusion surrounding the host specificity and taxonomy of this parasite. The suggestion of the existence of two separate species, Hymenolepis nana von Siebold 1852 and Hymenolepis fraterna Stiles 1906, was first proposed at the beginning of the 20th century. Despite ongoing discussions in the subsequent years it remained unclear, some 90 years later, whether there were two distinct species, that are highly host specific, or whether they were simply the same species present in both rodent and human hosts. The ongoing controversy surrounding the taxonomy of H. nana has not yet been resolved and remains a point of difference between the taxonomic and medical literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Helminth Therapy – from the Parasite Perspective
    Trends in Parasitology Opinion Helminth Therapy – From the Parasite Perspective Kateřina Sobotková,1,4 William Parker,2,4 Jana Levá,1,3 Jiřina Růžková,1 Julius Lukeš,1,3 and Kateřina Jirků Pomajbíková1,3,* Studies in animal models and humans suggest that intentional exposure to hel- Highlights minths or helminth-derived products may hold promise for treating chronic Helminth therapy (HT) appears to be a inflammatory-associated diseases (CIADs). Although the mechanisms underly- promising concept to oppose inflamma- ing ‘helminth therapy’ are being evaluated, little attention has been paid to the tory mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation-associated diseases be- actual organisms in use. Here we examine the notion that, because of the com- cause helminths are recognized as one plexity of biological symbiosis, intact helminths rather than helminth-derived of the keystones of the human biome. products are likely to prove more useful for clinical purposes. Further, weighing potential cost/benefit ratios of various helminths along with other factors, such So far, the majority of HT studies de- scribe the mechanisms by which hel- as feasibility of production, we argue that the four helminths currently in use for minths manipulate the host immune CIAD treatments in humans were selected more by happenstance than by de- system, but little consideration has been sign, and that other candidates not yet tested may prove superior. given to the actual tested helminths. Here, we summarize the knowns and unknowns about the helminths used in Dysregulation of Immune Function after Loss of Keystone Species from the HT and tested in disease models. Ecosystem of the Human Body For hundreds of millions of years, vertebrates developed intricate and extensive connections with Specific eligibility criteria need to be ad- dressed when evaluating prospective symbionts in their environment and inside their own bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Immunogenic Proteins of the Cysticercoid of Hymenolepis
    Sulima et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:577 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2519-4 RESEARCH Open Access Identification of immunogenic proteins of the cysticercoid of Hymenolepis diminuta Anna Sulima1, Justyna Bień2, Kirsi Savijoki3, Anu Näreaho4, Rusłan Sałamatin1,5, David Bruce Conn6,7 and Daniel Młocicki1,2* Abstract Background: A wide range of molecules are used by tapeworm metacestodes to establish successful infection in the hostile environment of the host. Reports indicating the proteins in the cestode-host interactions are limited predominantly to taeniids, with no previous data available for non-taeniid species. A non-taeniid, Hymenolepis diminuta, represents one of the most important model species in cestode biology and exhibits an exceptional developmental plasticity in its life-cycle, which involves two phylogenetically distant hosts, arthropod and vertebrate. Results: We identified H. diminuta cysticercoid proteins that were recognized by sera of H. diminuta-infected rats using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), 2D-immunoblotting, and LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis of 42 antigenic spots revealed 70 proteins. The largest number belonged to structural proteins and to the heat-shock protein (HSP) family. These results show a number of the antigenic proteins of the cysticercoid stage, which were present already in the insect host prior to contact with the mammal host. These are the first parasite antigens that the mammal host encounters after the infection, therefore they may represent some of the molecules important in host-parasite interactions at the early stage of infection. Conclusions: These results could help in understanding how H. diminuta and other cestodes adapt to their diverse and complex parasitic life-cycles and show universal molecules used among diverse groups of cestodes to escape the host response to infection.
    [Show full text]
  • Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: an Update
    Review Article Infection & http://dx.doi.org/10.3947/ic.2013.45.1.32 Infect Chemother 2013;45(1):32-43 Chemotherapy pISSN 2093-2340 · eISSN 2092-6448 Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: An Update Jong-Yil Chai Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Status and emerging issues in the use of praziquantel for treatment of human trematode and cestode infections are briefly reviewed. Since praziquantel was first introduced as a broadspectrum anthelmintic in 1975, innumerable articles describ- ing its successful use in the treatment of the majority of human-infecting trematodes and cestodes have been published. The target trematode and cestode diseases include schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis, het- erophyidiasis, echinostomiasis, fasciolopsiasis, neodiplostomiasis, gymnophalloidiasis, taeniases, diphyllobothriasis, hyme- nolepiasis, and cysticercosis. However, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica infections are refractory to praziquantel, for which triclabendazole, an alternative drug, is necessary. In addition, larval cestode infections, particularly hydatid disease and sparganosis, are not successfully treated by praziquantel. The precise mechanism of action of praziquantel is still poorly understood. There are also emerging problems with praziquantel treatment, which include the appearance of drug resis- tance in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni and possibly Schistosoma japonicum, along with allergic or hypersensitivity
    [Show full text]
  • Keyword Index
    International Journal for Parasitology 49 (2019) XI–XV Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal for Parasitology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpara Keyword index Volume 49 (2019) b-Tubulin, 13 Avian host, 579 14-3-3 protein, 355 Babesia bovis, 127 16S rRNA gene, 247 Babesia divergens, 175 18S, 859 Babesia duncani,95 Babesia microti, 145, 165, 175 Abattoir, 867 Babesia, 115, 139, 153, 183 Abundance–variance relationships, 83 Adaptations, 789 Babesiosis, 95, 105, 139, 145, 165, 183 Adeleorina, 375 Bacillus subtilis, 999 Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, 449 Bangladesh, 555 Africa, 27 Batillaria attramentaria, 1023 Agrobacterium tumefaciens, 999 BBEC, 127 Albendazole, 541 Behavior, 37, 805 Alien species, 625 Behaviour, 407, 837 Alpha 2-macroglobulin, 747 Benzimidazole, 397 Alzheimer’s disease, 747 Benzimidazoles, 13 Amastigotes, 423 Beta diversity, 437 Ancylostoma caninum, 397 Beta-cypermethrin resistance, 715 Animal model, 963, 975 Beta-oxidation, 647 Anisakis simplex sensu lato, 933 Bighorn sheep, 789 Annotation, 105 Bioclimatic associations, 27 Anoplocephala perfoliata, 885 Biodiversity, 407, 1075 Anthelmintic resistance, 397, 847 Biodiversity loss, 225 Anthelmintic treatment, 449 Biomphalaria glabrata, 1049 Anthelmintics, 13, 489 Bird host, 1005 Anti-Leishmania antibodies, 893 Birds, 27 Anticoagulant, 337 Blattella germanica, 715 Apicomplexa, 175, 375 Borrelia burgdorferi, 145, 165 Apicomplexa, 115 Bovine, 867 Apicomplexan, 153 Brazil, 301 Apicoplast, 105, 375 Breeding, 901 Apis mellifera, 605, 657 Brood
    [Show full text]
  • Cryptic Diversity in Hymenolepidid Tapeworms Infecting Humans
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto Parasitology International 65 (2016) 83–86 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Parasitology International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/parint Short communication Cryptic diversity in hymenolepidid tapeworms infecting humans Agathe Nkouawa a,1, Voitto Haukisalmi b,1, Tiaoying Li c,1,MinoruNakaoa,⁎,1, Antti Lavikainen d, Xingwang Chen c, Heikki Henttonen e, Akira Ito a a Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan b Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland c Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China d Department of Bacteriology and Immunology/Immunobiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland e Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Vantaa, Finland article info abstract Article history: An adult hymenolepidid tapeworm was recovered from a 52-year-old Tibetan woman during a routine epidemi- Received 22 July 2015 ological survey for human taeniasis/cysticercosis in Sichuan, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of Received in revised form 25 October 2015 nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 showed that the human isolate Accepted 28 October 2015 is distinct from Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis nana, the common parasites causing human Available online 29 October 2015 hymenolepiasis. Proglottids of the human isolate were unfortunately unsuitable for morphological identification. Keywords: However, the resultant phylogeny demonstrated the human isolate to be a sister species to Hymenolepis hibernia Hymenolepiasis from Apodemus mice in Eurasia. The present data clearly indicate that hymenolepidid tapeworms causing human Hymenolepis diminuta infections are not restricted to only H.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasites and Invasions: Changes in Gastrointestinal Helminth Assemblages in Invasive and Native Rodents in Senegal
    Parasites and invasions: changes in gastrointestinal helminth assemblages in invasive and native rodents in Senegal. Christophe Diagne1,2,3, Alexis Ribas1,4, Nathalie Charbonnel5, Ambroise Dalecky6, Caroline Tatard4, Philippe Gauthier1, Voitto Haukisalmi7, Odile Fossati-Gaschignard1, Khalilou Bâ2, Mamadou Kane2, Youssoupha Niang2, Mamoudou Diallo2, Aliou Sow2, Sylvain Piry4, Mbacké Sembène2,3 & Carine Brouat1 1 Ird, CBGP (UMR INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier sur Lez, France 2 Ird, CBGP (UMR INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus ISRA/IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal 3 Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), BP 5005 Fann, Dakar, Senegal 4 Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 5 Inra, CBGP (UMR INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier sur Lez, France. 6 Ird, LPED (UMR AMU / IRD), 3 place Victor Hugo, Marseille, France 7 Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, P. Rau-tatiekatu 13, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Correspondence: Christophe Diagne. E-mail address: [email protected]) Postal address: CBGP, 755 avenue du campus Agropolis, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez. Telephone: + 33(0)4 99 62 33 08 / Fax: + 33(0)4 99 62 33 45 Running Head: Parasitism during rodent range expansion Abstract Understanding why some exotic species become widespread and abundant in their colonized range is a fundamental issue that still needs to be addressed. Among many hypotheses, newly established host populations may benefit from a parasite loss ("enemy release" hypothesis) through impoverishment of their original parasite communities or reduced infection levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Scale: 10
    Tree scale: 10 Crassostrea virginica LOW QUALITY PROTEIN prospero homeobox protein 1-like XP 022331242.1 Crassostrea gigas PREDICTED prospero homeobox protein 1 isoform X2 XP 011452609.1 Lottia gigantea hypothetical protein LOTGIDRAFT 183824 XP 009063668.1 Mizuhopecten yessoensis prospero homeobox protein 1-like XP 021353659.1 Folsomia candida Homeobox protein prospero A0A226DDC5 Dinothrombium tinctorium Homeobox protein prospero-likePlatynereis dumerilii protein prospero A0A443RRV5 related homeodomain protein partial CAY12633.1 Tropilaelaps mercedesae Prospero domain-containing protein Fragment A0A1V9X985 Lingula anatina homeobox protein prospero isoform X1 XP 013407208.1 Capitella teleta prosperoAST23031.1 Malacoceros fuliginosus prox1 2015 C60118.0.T1 Doryteuthis pealeii prospero AOG30809.1 Leptochiton asellus prospero AMB26740.1 Penaeus vannamei Putative homeoboxTetranychus protein prosperourticae Prospero isoform domain-containing X2 A0A423SN37 protein T1JXP3 Ixodes scapularis Prospero protein putative B7Q1X0 Bombyx mori Prospero domain-containing protein H9J6E2Orchesella cincta Homeobox protein prospero A0A1D2MLK9 Operophtera brumata Homeobox protein prospero A0A0L7LJ21 025103990.1 XP PROTEIN uncharacterized protein LOC112570024 Pomacea canaliculata LOW QUALITY Aplysia californica PREDICTED alpha-protein kinase 1-like XP 012936323.1 Helobdella robusta hypothetical protein HELRODRAFT 79761 XP 009018226.1 Elysia chlorotica hypothetical protein EGW08 007276 RUS84965.1 Biomphalaria glabrata PREDICTED homeobox protein prospero homolog
    [Show full text]
  • A Method for Measuring the Attachment Strength of the Cestode Hymenolepis Diminuta to the Rat Intestine
    Journal of Helminthology, Page 1 of 5 doi:10.1017/S0022149X1600078X © Cambridge University Press 2016 A method for measuring the attachment strength of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta to the rat intestine W. Xie1*, G.R. Racz2, B.S. Terry1 and S.L. Gardner2 1Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, W342 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, USA: 2Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, W529 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0514, USA (Received 25 July 2016; Accepted 29 September 2016) Abstract A unique adaptation of many internal parasites of mammals is their ability to stay in the intestine for extended periods of time and resist the normal peristaltic movements and forces that push and expel material. To better understand parasite adhesion behaviour and replicate their attachment method in medical devices, an experiment was designed and performed using the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta. The experiment employed a tensile test machine and a digital scale and was designed to calculate the attachment strength of the scolex to the mucosa through the change of the value of the digital scale during the tensile test. The attachment force of H. diminuta is 0.021 ± 0.011 g. This method could be applied in studies of parasite biomechanics and the results may help medical device research- ers to better mimic the unique functional morphology of this species of parasite. Introduction along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract freely, with re-attach- ment causing minimal or no apparent tissue trauma. The In recent years, the morphology, corresponding motion various attachment methods also provide vivid examples and adhesion mechanism of a wide variety of parasites for researchers who are dedicated to developing actively have attracted interest among researchers in various fields propelled gastrointestinal medical devices for application (Taraschewski, 2000; Mostaert et al., 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of X-Irradiation on Embryogenesis, Infectivity, and Migratory Behavior of the Larvae of Toxocara Canis (Werner, 1782) in White Mice
    This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-6825 LYLES, D.V.M., Demetrice Irving, 1922- THE EFFECTS OF X-IRRADIATION ON EMBRYOGENESIS, INFECTIVITY, AND MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR OF THE LARVAE OF TOXOCARA CANIS (WERNER, 1782) IN WHITE MICE. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1969 Veterinary Science University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE EFFECTS OF X-IRRADIATION ON EMBRYOGENESIS, INFECTIVITY, AND MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR OF THE LARVAE OF TOXOCARA CANIS (WERNER, 1782) IN WHITE MICE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University Demetrice Irving Lyles, D.V.M., M.S. The Ohio S ta te U niversity 1969 Approved by Adviser Veterinary Parasitology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work is dedicated in memory of my late adviser, Professor Fleetwood R. Koutz, who more than anyone else, encouraged my work in Veterinary Parasitology and gave much of his valuable time advising me on this research. I would like to sincerely thank Professor Walter G. Venzke for assuming the position as my adviser in the absence of Dr. Koutz and also for inspiration concerning the endocrinology phase of the pre­ liminary research. In regard to the latter, thanks are extended to Professor Thomas E. Powers of the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology for steroid dosage suggestions. Sincere gratitude is extended to Professor Willard C. Myser of the Department of Zoology and Entomology and to Assistant Professor James K. Burt of the Department of Veterinary Radiology for help with the radiological techniques used. Completion of this work could not have been accomplished without their assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Immunization of Rodents Against Hymenolepis Infections Using Non-Viable Homologous Oncospheres
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Immunization against Hymenolepis infections IMMUNIZATION OF RODENTS AGAINST HYMENOLEPIS INFECTIONS USING NON-VIABLE HOMOLOGOUS ONCOSPHERES Ping-Chin Fan, Wen-Cheng Chung,1 and Akira Ito2 Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Parasitology, National Yang-Ming University, 1Department of Parasitology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, and 2Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan. Immunity to Taiwan Taenia infection in pigs can be stimulated using homologous or heterologous non- viable Taenia oncospheres. This study was designed to determine whether homologous non-viable oncospheres could stimulate immunity to Hymenolepis infection in rodents. Hatched oncospheres were prepared from eggs of Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, and Hymenolepis microstoma and kept at –70°C for more than 1 month. A mixture of 500 non-viable oncospheres of each tapeworm and complete Freund’s adjuvant was injected subcutaneously in four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats or ICR mice one to four times at an interval of 1 week; controls were not immunized. After immunization, each rodent was orally inoculated with three fresh active cysticercoids of H. diminuta or H. microstoma or 500 fresh eggs of H. nana. The animals were then necropsied for adult tapeworms. No rats or mice immunized with non-viable oncospheres of H. diminuta or H. nana were infected by the challenge inoculation. However, 28 of 34 mice immunized with non-viable H. microstoma oncospheres were infected after inoculation with cysticercoids. This study demonstrated complete protection against infection by homologous parasites in rats or mice immunized with non-viable oncospheres of H.
    [Show full text]