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Reproductive System

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Reproductive System Bio 2341 Study Aid to Accompany Chapter 27: Reproductive System Vocabulary is needed to understand and explain concepts. Sample vocabulary includes: sex prophase ovulation gonad metaphase antrum gamete anaphase vesicular follicle androgen telophase uterine tube /oviduct/fallopian estrogen homologous tube progesterone haploid uterus genitalia diploid vagina copulation mother cell cervix accessory sex glands daughter cell cervical mucus scrotum meiosis perimetrium glans penis genetic diversity myometrium prepuce/foreskin tetrad endometrium spermatic cord chromosome stratum functionalis lobule chromatid stratum basalis interstitial endocrine cells crossover (crossing over) menstruation myoid cell spermatogenesis hymen tunica vaginalis spermiogenesis vulva tunica albuginea sustentocyte (Sertoli cell) pudendum seminiferous adluminal compartment mons pubis epididymis spermatid labia majora pampiniform venous plexus spermatogonium labia minora corpus spongiosum spermatocyte vestibule corpora cavernosa acrosome greater vestibular glands ductus deferens adrogen binding protein clitoris, glans clitoris ejaculatory duct follicle stimulating hormone prepuce of clitoris testicular luteinizing hormone perineum ejaculation inhibin oogenesis ampulla gonadotropin releasing hormone oogonia vasectomy gonadotropin polar body prostatic urethra libido ovarian cycle membranous urethra dihydrotestosterone uterine cycle spongy urethra ovary follicular phase seminal gland follicle luteal phase semen oocyte/ovum/egg menarche bulbo-urethral gland primordial follicle menopause prostate primary follicle LH surge prostate specific antigen secondary follicle menstrual phase motility granulosa cells proliferative phase prostaglandin thecal cells secretory phase reverse peristalsis corona radiata autosomes relaxin zona pellucida sex chromosomes mitosis corpus luteum interphase corpus albicans What you should learn, know, or do in preparation for the lecture test on the digestive system - Major concepts that you must remember and understand include: One of the hardest aspects of reproduction is the hormonal control over the ovarian and uterine cycles. The biological definition of sex and why sexual reproduction is favored over asexual reproduction in many organisms. Identification of primary and secondary reproductive organs. Anatomy of the male reproductive system beginning with the seminiferous tubules of the testes and ending with the external urethra orifice. Organization and function of the male external genitalia. Anatomy of the female reproductive system beginning with the follicles of the ovaries and ending with the vaginal opening. Organization and function of the female external genitalia. Identification and function of the male accessory glands: location, contribution to semen, function. Understanding that sperm production requires a temperature lower than body temperature. Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis: process of sperm production and storage, number of days needed to produce via sperm. Physiology of penile erection. Components of semen: lubricants, neutralizers, hormones, coagulants, nutrition for sperm. Purpose, process and steps in mitosis. Purpose, process and steps in meiosis. Importance of reduction in chromosome number during gametogenesis. The relationship between meiosis and genetic diversity. The blood-testes barrier and the protection of sperm from the male immune system. Hormonal regulation of testicular function via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Hormonal regulation of follicle production and the uterine cycle via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Path ovum/fertilized ovum takes through the female reproductive tract. The uterine cycle: changes in the endometrium through the typical 28 day cycle. The ovarian cycle: fistinct types of follicles present in the ovary; steps in maturation. Oogenesis: process of oocyte production. Understanding of the role of polar body formation in production of viable oocyte. The genotype of male and female humans. Some concepts you should explore on your own: Organization and function of mammary glands. Pelvic inflammatory disease of women. Comparison of oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Secondary sex characteristics of males and females. Concepts you can skip: Embryonic and fetal development of the reproductive system. IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN TRANSGENDERISM AND/OR INCOMPLETE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND/OR HERMAPHRODISM, READ THIS SECTION. Sexually transmitted infections. Mammograms and breast cancer. Male and female sexual response: excitement through orgasm. .
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