Expression of Estrogen Receptor-Α
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Te2, Part Iii
TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS -
Human Physiology/The Male Reproductive System 1 Human Physiology/The Male Reproductive System
Human Physiology/The male reproductive system 1 Human Physiology/The male reproductive system ← The endocrine system — Human Physiology — The female reproductive system → Homeostasis — Cells — Integumentary — Nervous — Senses — Muscular — Blood — Cardiovascular — Immune — Urinary — Respiratory — Gastrointestinal — Nutrition — Endocrine — Reproduction (male) — Reproduction (female) — Pregnancy — Genetics — Development — Answers Introduction In simple terms, reproduction is the process by which organisms create descendants. This miracle is a characteristic that all living things have in common and sets them apart from nonliving things. But even though the reproductive system is essential to keeping a species alive, it is not essential to keeping an individual alive. In human reproduction, two kinds of sex cells or gametes are involved. Sperm, the male gamete, and an egg or ovum, the female gamete must meet in the female reproductive system to create a new individual. For reproduction to occur, both the female and male reproductive systems are essential. While both the female and male reproductive systems are involved with producing, nourishing and transporting either the egg or sperm, they are different in shape and structure. The male has reproductive organs, or genitals, that are both inside and outside the pelvis, while the female has reproductive organs entirely within the pelvis. The male reproductive system consists of the testes and a series of ducts and glands. Sperm are produced in the testes and are transported through the reproductive ducts. These ducts include the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra. The reproductive glands produce secretions that become part of semen, the fluid that is ejaculated from the urethra. These glands include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. -
Scrotal Ultrasound
Scrotal Ultrasound Bruce R. Gilbert, MD, PhD Associate Clinical Professor of Urology & Reproductive Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College Director, Reproductive and Sexual Medicine Smith Institute For Urology North Shore LIJ Health System 1 Developmental Anatomy" Testis and Kidney Hindgut Allantois In the 3-week-old embryo the Primordial primordial germ cells in the wall of germ cells the yolk sac close to the attachment of the allantois migrate along the Heart wall of the hindgut and the dorsal Genital Ridge mesentery into the genital ridge. Yolk Sac Hindgut At 5-weeks the two excretory organs the pronephros and mesonephros systems regress Primordial Pronephric system leaving only the mesonephric duct. germ cells (regressing) Mesonephric The metanephros (adult kidney) system forms from the metanephric (regressing) diverticulum (ureteric bud) and metanephric mass of mesoderm. The ureteric bud develops as a dorsal bud of the mesonephric duct Cloaca near its insertion into the cloaca. Mesonephric Duct Mesonephric Duct Ureteric Bud Ureteric Bud Metanephric system Metanephric system 2 Developmental Anatomy" Wolffian and Mullerian DuctMesonephric Duct Under the influence of SRY, cells in the primitive sex cords differentiate into Sertoli cells forming the testis cords during week 7. Gonads Mesonephros It is at puberty that these testis cords (in Paramesonephric association with germ cells) undergo (Mullerian) Duct canalization into seminiferous tubules. Mesonephric (Wolffian) Duct At 7 weeks the indifferent embryo also has two parallel pairs of genital ducts: the Mesonephric (Wolffian) and the Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts. Bladder Bladder Mullerian By week 8 the developing fetal testis tubercle produces at least two hormones: Metanephros 1. A glycoprotein (MIS) produced by the Ureter Uterovaginal fetal Sertoli cells (in response to SRY) primordium Rectum which suppresses unilateral development of the Paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct 2. -
A C T a T H E R I O L O G I
ACTA THERIOLOGICA VOL. 18, 5: 107—118 BIALOWIE2A April, 1973 Alina KOWALSKA-DYRCZ The Structure of Internal Genital Organs in Zapodidae (Rodentia) |With Plates I & II] Investigations were carried out of histological structure of internal genital organs in four species of Zapodidae. The chief differences have been stated in the structure of gl. coagulantes, gl. bulbo-urethrales, colliculus seminalis, bulbus penis and farther part of the pars spongiosa urethrae in Sicistinae (Sicista) and in Zapodinae (Zapus, Napaeozapus). On the other hand, the structure of reproductive system in Zapodidae (especially in Sicista) is similar to that in Muroidea, this resemblance being particularly distinct in the structure and arrangement of the vesi- culae seminales, gl. coagulantes, gl. prostaticae and even in gl. bulbo- -urethrales. The similarities in the reproductive systems of Zapodidae, Dipodidae, Muroidea and Sciuridae have been discussed. I. INTRODUCTION Philogenetical relationships among rodents are not clear and disputable in many points. Therefore many authors are trying to improve the syste- matics of this group basing it on the structure of some internal organs. These should be the so-called conservative organs which are little de- pendent on the environmental selection. The reproductive system is undoubtly such a one. The attempts to base the systematics of rodents on the structure of the male genital organs have, among others, been undertaken by Vinogradov (1925), Mossman et al. (1932), Ara- t a (1964). The present paper discusses the structure of the male repro- ductive organs in some representatives of the family Zapodidae (superfa- mily Dipodoidea). [1071 108 A. Kowalska-Dyrcz II. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material used for the investigations consisted of genital organs taken from: five sexually mature males of Sicista betulina (Pallas, 1778), two males of Zapus hudsonicus (Z immerman n, 1780), two males of Zapus princeps J. -
The Reproductive System
27 The Reproductive System PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations prepared by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Lincoln, Nebraska © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction • The reproductive system is designed to perpetuate the species • The male produces gametes called sperm cells • The female produces gametes called ova • The joining of a sperm cell and an ovum is fertilization • Fertilization results in the formation of a zygote © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System • Overview of the Male Reproductive System • Testis • Epididymis • Ductus deferens • Ejaculatory duct • Spongy urethra (penile urethra) • Seminal gland • Prostate gland • Bulbo-urethral gland © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 The Male Reproductive System, Part I Pubic symphysis Ureter Urinary bladder Prostatic urethra Seminal gland Membranous urethra Rectum Corpus cavernosum Prostate gland Corpus spongiosum Spongy urethra Ejaculatory duct Ductus deferens Penis Bulbo-urethral gland Epididymis Anus Testis External urethral orifice Scrotum Sigmoid colon (cut) Rectum Internal urethral orifice Rectus abdominis Prostatic urethra Urinary bladder Prostate gland Pubic symphysis Bristle within ejaculatory duct Membranous urethra Penis Spongy urethra Spongy urethra within corpus spongiosum Bulbospongiosus muscle Corpus cavernosum Ductus deferens Epididymis Scrotum Testis © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System • The Testes • Testes hang inside a pouch called the scrotum, which is on the outside of the body -
The Development of the Intratesticular Excurrent Duct
Histology, Cytology and Embryology (HCE) Research Article ISSN: 2514-5940 The development of the intratesticular excurrent duct system of donkey (Equus asinus) from birth to maturity Abd-Elhafeez HH*, Moustafa MNK, Zayed AE and Sayed R Department of Anatomy and Histology, Assuit University, Egypt Abstract The testis of the donkey was completely descended into the scrotum around birth. It was covered by a thick tunica albuginea consisting of outer and inner fibrous layers in addition to middle vascular one. Discrete bundles of smooth muscle cells were demonstrated in the outer fibrous layer of the tunica albuginea. These cells give the tunica albuginea a contractile function, which may aid in sperm transport. The present study emphasized an irregular arrangement of the testicular lobules of the donkey during various stages of the postnatal life. Such arrangement does not allow some lobules to have direct contact with the mediastinum testis. The latter was located paraxially, toward the epididymal border and extended about two-thirds of the testicular length; it is thick at the head extremity and gradually faded out caudal wards. The connection between the seminiferous cords and the initial part of the straight tubules exhibited a sharp cut contact in neonates, but it demonstrated exfoliated supporting and germ cells, as well as crowded population of peritubular cells in suckling animals. In premature ones, the connection between the seminiferous tubules and straight testicular tubules was characterized by a peculiar structure appearance that attained more modification and development. This connection included two regions; terminal segment of the seminiferous tubule and a dilated initial part of the straight tubule. -
Gender Differences in the Inhibitory Effects of a Reduction in Ambient
REPRODUCTIONRESEARCH Anatomical basis for cell transplantation into mouse seminiferous tubules Unai Silva´n1,2 and Juan Are´chaga1,2 1Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Cancer, Department of Cell Biology and Histology and 2Biomedical High Resolution and Analytical Microscopy Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain Correspondence should be addressed to J Are´chaga at Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Cancer, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country; Email: [email protected] U Silva´n is now at Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Abstract Cell transplantation into the seminiferous tubules is a useful technique for the study of physiological and pathological conditions affecting the testis. However, the precise three-dimensional organization and, particularly, the complex connectivity of the seminiferous network have not yet been thoroughly characterized. To date, the technical approaches to address these issues have included manual dissection under the stereomicroscope, reconstruction of histological serial sections, and injection of contrast dyes, but all of them have yielded only partial information. Here, using an approach based on the microinjection of a self-polymerizing resin followed by chemical digestion of the surrounding soft tissues, we reveal fine details of the seminiferous tubule scaffold and its connections. These replicas of the testis seminiferous network were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The present results not only establish a morphological basis for more precise microinjection into the mouse seminiferous tubules but also enable a more profound investigation of physiological and embryological features of the testis. -
The Reproductive System
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Meg Flemming Austin Community College C H A P T E R 19 The Reproductive System © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 19 Learning Outcomes • 19-1 • List the basic components of the human reproductive system, and summarize the functions of each. • 19-2 • Describe the components of the male reproductive system; list the roles of the reproductive tract and accessory glands in producing spermatozoa; describe the composition of semen; and summarize the hormonal mechanisms that regulate male reproductive function. • 19-3 • Describe the components of the female reproductive system; explain the process of oogenesis in the ovary; discuss the ovarian and uterine cycles; and summarize the events of the female reproductive cycle. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 19 Learning Outcomes • 19-4 • Discuss the physiology of sexual intercourse in males and females. • 19-5 • Describe the age-related changes that occur in the reproductive system. • 19-6 • Give examples of interactions between the reproductive system and each of the other organ systems. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Reproductive Structures (19-1) • Gonads • Testes in males • Ovaries in females • Ducts • Accessory glands • External genitalia © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Gametes (19-1) • Reproductive cells • Spermatozoa (or sperm) in males • Combine with secretions of accessory glands to form semen • Oocyte in females • An immature gamete • When fertilized by sperm becomes an ovum © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Checkpoint (19-1) 1. Define gamete. 2. List the basic components of the reproductive system. 3. Define gonads. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The Scrotum (19-2) • Location of primary male sex organs, the testes • Hang outside of pelvic cavity • Contains two chambers, the scrotal cavities • Wall • Dartos, a thin smooth muscle layer, wrinkles the scrotal surface • Cremaster muscle, a skeletal muscle, pulls testes closer to body to ensure proper temperature for sperm © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. -
Anatomy and Physiology of the Male
12/03/2019 Reproductive Biotechnologies – Andrology I Anatomy and physiology of the male Prof. Alberto Contri Anatomy of the male Glands of the reproductive tract Excurrent duct system Structures for the copulation Testis and membranes of the testis 1 12/03/2019 Anatomy of the male Gonads localization Perienal Inguinal What is common? Suspended outside the abdomen Anatomy of the male Scrotum - layers Integument Superficial Dartos Spermatic fascia superficial deep Cremaster muscle Deep Vaginal tunic parietal visceral 2 12/03/2019 Anatomy of the male Cremaster muscle Integument Dartos Scrotum Vaginal tunic parietal visceral Superficial Spermatic fascia Deep spermatic fascia Anatomy of the male Layers derived from the absominal wall Integument and subc. tissue Scrotum and dartos Superficial abdominal fascia Superficial vaginal (spermatic) fascia Muscles of the abdomen Cremaster muscle Deep abdominal fascia – Deep vaginal transversalis fascia (spermatic) fascia Peritoneum Vaginal tunic 3 12/03/2019 Anatomy of the male Scrotum – skin and dartos • Skin pouch • Suspension and protection of the testis • Involved in the termoregulation Anatomy of the male Cremaster muscle • Striated muscle • Voluntary muscle • Connected with the inguinal ring 4 12/03/2019 Anatomy of the male Spermatic fascia Component of the inguinal canal Aid movement of the testis Anatomy of the male Vaginal tunic Derived from the peritoneum Superficial Deep Form a vaginal cavity Follow the testes during the descent 5 12/03/2019 Anatomy of the male Testis Two crucial functions -
And Immunoglobulin a in the Urogenital Tract of the Male Rodent
Immunohistochemical localization of secretory component and immunoglobulin A in the urogenital tract of the male rodent M. B. Parr and E. L. Parr Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Carbondale, IL 62901, U.S.A. Summary. The mucosal immune system in the male rodent urogenital tract was studied by localizing secretory component (sc) in the rat and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in both rat and mouse by immunofluorescence. In the rat, bright labelling of sc was observed at several sites, including the ejaculatory ducts, excretory ducts of several accessory glands, and urethral glands in the pelvic and bulbous portions of the urethra. Pale labelling of sc was detected in epithelial cells of the ventral prostate gland. Plasma cells containing IgA were only observed in the urethral gland in the bulbous portion of the urethra in rats and mice. These results suggest that IgA may be transported into the urogenital tract of the male rat primarily at sites distal to the production of seminal fluid and spermatozoa. While locally synthesized IgA may be available in the bulbous urethra, it appears that serum may be the main source of IgA for transport into the rat urogenital tract at the other sites where its receptor, sc, was demonstrated. Keywords: secretory component; mucosal immunity; immunoglobulin A; male urogenital tract; rat Introduction The occurrence and possible functions of a mucosal immune system in the male urogenital tract are not well understood and have thus far been studied mainly in man. Immunoglobulins A (IgA) and G (IgG) have been detected in the seminal fluids of normal men (Chodirker & Tornasi, 1963; Herrmann & Hermann, 1969; Uehling, 1971; Rumke, 1974; Tauber et ai, 1975), secretory IgA (slgA) with anti-sperm activity has been found in the genital tracts of some men after vasectomy (Witkin et al, 1983), and IgA or slgA sperm agglutinins have been reported in the seminal plasma of men with autoimmunity to spermatozoa (Friberg, 1974; Husted & Hjort, 1975; Witkin et al, 1981; Bronson et al, 1984). -
The Urethral Glands of Male Mice in Relation to Depletion of Secretory Granules Upon Mating M
The urethral glands of male mice in relation to depletion of secretory granules upon mating M. B. Parr, L. R. de Fran\l=c;\a, L. Kepple, L. Ying, E. L. Parr and L. D. Russell ^Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; and institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil 31270-901 CP 2486 The present study describes the effects of mating on urethral gland acinar cells in male mice. Histological and morphometric analysis demonstrated that there was a depletion of secretory granules in the urethral glands during mating. However, no change occurred in the rough endoplasmic reticulum containing tubular elements. The results indicate that the urethral glands are functional during mating. The timing of their granule depletion suggests that urethral gland secretions may contribute to the formation of semen or the copulation plug. Introduction Materials and Methods The male urogenital tracts of many rodents contain urethral Animals in the and bulbous urethra (Hall, 1936). In mice, glands pelvic Fifteen male the pelvic urethra is visible in the pelvic cavity, whereas the and ten ovariectomized female ICR mice bulbous urethra is surrounded and obscured from view by (Harlan, Sprague—Dawley, Inc., Indianapolis, IN), 4—5 months the bulbocavernosus muscle (Hebel and Stromber, 1986). The old, were used. Behavioural oestrus was induced in ovariecto¬ mized female mice 10 oestradiol benzoate bulbous urethra exhibits a wide, bifurcated lumen called the by injecting pg per mouse followed 48 h later 500 urogenital sinus (Hall, 1936) or the urethral diverticulum s.c, by pg progesterone per mouse et hours later (Hebel and Stromber, 1986), into which the ducts of the (Mayerhofer al, 1990). -
Morphology and Histology of the Epididymis, Spermatic Cord and the Seminal Vesicle and Prostate
Morphology and histology of the epididymis, spermatic cord and the seminal vesicle and prostate Dr. Dávid Lendvai Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Institute 2019. Male genitals 1. Testicles 2. Seminal tract: - epididymis - deferent duct - ejaculatory duct 3. Additional glands - Seminal vesicle - Prostate - Cowpers glands 4. Penis Embryological background The male reproductive system develops at the junction Sobotta between the urethra and vas deferens. The vas deferens is derived from the mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct), a structure that develops from mesoderm. • epididymis • Deferent duct • Paradidymis (organ of Giraldés) Wolffian duct drains into the urogenital sinus: From the sinus developes: • Prostate and • Seminal vesicle Remnant of the Müllerian duct: • Appendix testis (female: Morgagnian Hydatids) • Prostatic utricule (male vagina) Descensus testis Sobotta Epididymis Sobotta 4-5 cm long At the posterior surface of the testis • Head of epididymidis • Body of epididymidis • Tail of epididymidis • superior & inferior epididymidis lig. • Appendix epididymidis Feneis • Paradidymis Tunica vaginalis testis Sinus of epididymidis Yokochi Hafferl Faller Faller 2. parietal lamina of the testis (Tunica vaginalis) Testicularis a. 3. visceral lamina of the (from the abdominal aorta) testis (Tunica vaginalis) 8. Mesorchium Artery of the deferent duct 9. Cavum serosum (from the umbilical a.) 10. Sinus of the Pampiniform plexus epididymidis Pernkopf head: ca. 10 – 20 lobules (Lobulus epididymidis ) Each lobule has one efferent duct of testis