The Crusader States in the Thirteenth Century

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The Crusader States in the Thirteenth Century

Cilician Armenia s e t a r h p u Antioch Aleppo E Principality of Antioch Latakia Hama Cyprus Marqab Famagusta Tortosa Krak des Chevaliers County Homs of Akkar Tripoli Tripoli Mediterranean Sea Beirut Sidon Damascus Beaufort Tyre Montfort Acre Safad Haifa Sea of Galilee Château Pèlerin Ayn Jalut n Caesarea a d r o Kingdom J Arsuf of Jaffa Jerusalem Jerusalem Ascalon Bethlehem Dead Sea Gaza 0 50 miles 0 50 km Egypt Kerak Th e Crusader States in the thirteenth century – xi – a The Furious e a H l- a S M m a l a Gate of St Lazarus ik a a rm n l -M y o u f a z a Shipborne attack ff e a by the Pisans Gate of r n Evil Step a 1 r r Hospitallers’ e auberge t i d MONTMUSARD e M 2 St Anthony Gate Gate of Gate of the our Lady Hospital Gate of St Michael Hospitallers’ Royal Palace Castle Holy Cross GENOESE QUARTER Arsenal VENETIAN QUARTER St Andrew Templar St Sabas Castle Harbour PISAN QUARTER Outer anchorage Iron Gate Cape of Storms Chain Tower of Flies Th e siege of Acre, 1291 – xii – Walls Ditches Churches Mamluk mining operations Position of large mangonels/trebuchets The Mamluk army Probable position of defending troops: 1 1 The northern wall of Montmusard: The Templars 2 Eastern wall of Montmusard and St Anthony Gate: The Hospitallers S 3 The Teutonic Knights and troops of King Henry II u y n r d i 4 The vulnerable salient of the King’s Tower, the Accursed e a r n Tower and the Barbican of Hugh III: troops of the King of a M l- Cyprus and the Kingdom of Jerusalem under his brother, D a m i Amalric n l u L k 5&6 The eastern wall of Acre down to the harbour: the French a s j i troops of Jean de Grailly, the English troops of Othon de n Grandson, the Pisans, Venetians and urban militia Th e Sultan’s E gyptian Mamlu ks Kerak tr oop s u nd er B a y b a r s Tower of the Barbican a Tower of l Venetians of - the English M Hugh III a n s Tower of Henry II u r (King’s Tower) i Tower 3 of Blood Accursed Tower St Romanus 4 Tower of the Tall al-Fukhar Countess of Blois 5 Sultan’s tent HQ of the Gate of Teutonic Knights St Nicholas 6 Butchers’ s Tower k lu m Tower of the The Victorious a Genoese M n a ti p y g E ’s Spiked n a fence lt Su Tower of the e 0 200 yards Th Patriarch 0 200 metres – xiii – – xiv –.

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THE CRUSADES Toward the End of the 11Th Century
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ILLUSTRATIONS, FIGURES AND MAPS illustrations 1. Kneeling crusader with his horse behind him, from the Westminster Psalter, c. 1250. xxii © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved / Bridgeman Images. 2. Eichstätt model of the Edicule, twelfth century. Bildarchiv Monheim GmbH / xxiv Alamy Stock Photo. 3. Aerial view of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem. Photo © Zev Radovan / xxv Bridgeman Images. 4. Croix de chevalier from the First Crusade. Photo Josse / Scala, Florence. 4 5. Giving the cross, from J. Riley-Smith (ed.), The Oxford Illustraded History of 7 the Crusades (Oxford 1995). 6. Women at a siege, from Histoire ancienne jusqu’à César, late thirteenth century. 11 © The British Library Board (MS 15268, fol. 101v). 7. Stone carving of Roland (right) on the exterior of the royal palace at Navarre, 13 twelfth century. Granger / Bridgeman Images. 8. ‘The Rider on the white horse and his followers’, from Apocalypse (‘The Queen 16 Mary Apocalypse’), early fourteenth century. © The British Library Board (Royal 19 B. XV, fol. 37r). All rights reserved / Bridgeman Images. 9. Godfrey of Bouillon and his train setting out on horseback, from William of Tyre, 22 Histoire d’Outremer, 1232–61. © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved / Bridgeman Images. 10. Richard I jousts with Saladin during the crusade of 1191. Encaustic tiles from 29 Chertsey Abbey, c. 1250. Universal History Archive/UIG / Bridgeman Images. 11. The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem. Lori Epstein / National Geographic 32 Image Collection / Bridgeman Images. 12. Ivory casket with figural and ornamental decoration including hunting scenes, southern 33 Italy or Sicily, eleventh–twelfth centuries.
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TH E l LLUSTRlOUil O RDER O F H OEBPI’PA LEM A N D K N I G H T S O F T . O H N O F E R L E M S J J US A . P ET ER G ERA RD T H E F O UND E R , , A N D T H E TH RE E GRE AT G R A N D MASTE RS OF T H E I L L U S N J E T R I U S O R D E R O S T . O O O F J H F R U S A L E M . r a n d In s el ec tin g th e thre e g m asters of th e Hospitalers , who . for their ability to organize and c om m and in battle . to assau lt or defend a fortre ss or city , or rule and govern so mix ed a body of m en of so m any langu ages as c onstit u te d The Illustrious Knights of S t . J ohn , of Palestine , Rhodes , and M alta , from their organi za A 9 A D D . 1 7 8 . tion 1 1 0 0 . to , and p articularly th e thre e to whom in ou r j ud gment the honor belongs for m uc h of the glory whic h a t a t ac hes to th e Order of the Kni ghts of M alt . we c annot be far “ du wrong w hen we nam e Raym ond Puy , Phi lip Villi ers de L Isl e Adam , and John de la Vale tte .
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