List of Political Parties in Poland

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List of political parties in Poland

This article lists current political parties in Poland, as • Your Movement (TR) – Liberal, anti-clerical party, well as former parties dating back as far as 1918. Since founded as Palikot’s Movement (RP) in 2010 by 1989, Poland has had a multi-party system, with numer- maverick M.P Janusz Palikot, a former Civic Plat- ous competing political parties. Individual parties nor- form politician. RP created something of a stir at mally do not manage to gain power alone, and usually the 2011 elections, where it polled 10% of the vote, work with other parties to form coalition governments. making it the third largest party, ahead of two of the established parties, PSL and SLD. In October 2013 RP merged with a few smaller parties to form a new 1 Parliamentary parties party, Your Movement. • United Poland (SP) – Right-wing and Eurosceptic Figures in parentheses reﬂect initial number of seats won party which split from PiS, following the expulsion by party (if diﬀerent from current number), prior to splits, of Zbigniew Ziobro and his factional allies from the defections, etc. party, following the 2011 parliamentary elections.

2 List of parties 2.3 Minor parties • Poland Together (PR) – Splinter party formed 2.1 Major parties in 2013 under the leadership of Jaroslaw Gowin, breaking away from Civic Platform. • Civic Platform (PO) – One of the two major par- • Labor United (UP) – Small social-democratic party ties on the Polish political scene since 2005, PO first which usually aligns itself with the Democratic Left entered the Sejm in 2001. Leading party in govern- Alliance. Member of the Party of European Social- ment since 2007. Member of the European People’s ists. Party. • God Bless You (SB) - Minor catholic conservative • Law and Justice (PiS) – Along with PO, PiS is one of party established by film director Grzegorz Braun. the two major parties since 2005, first entering the Sejm in 2001. Leading party in government from 2005–2007. Largest opposition party since 2007. 2.4 Formerly important parties or coalitions, since 1989

2.2 Middling parties • Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) – Coalition grouping in Poland, AWS was the political arm of • Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) – The largest the Solidarity trade union movement, and domi- centre-left party (a coalition of parties until 1999) on nated government from 1997–2001. Suﬀered a se- the political scene, SLD was the major party of gov- vere defeat at 2001 legislative elections, after which ernment from 1993–1997 and 2001–2005. Since it failed to win any parliamentary seats. The group- 2005, SLD’s dominance has been successfully chal- ing was disbanded shortly thereafter. lenged by PO and PiS. Member of the Party of Eu- ropean Socialists. • Democratic Union (UD)/Freedom Union (UW) – The UD was one of the leading post-Solidarity • Polish People’s Party (PSL) – Agrarian party, groupings, and was formed in 1990. It merged with founded in 1990, PSL has been represented in the the Liberal Democratic Congress to form the UW Sejm since its inception. Support levels for PSL in 1994. The UW lost all its seats in the Sejm at have been more stable than for any other Polish po- the 2001 elections. It reinvented itself as the Demo- litical party since 1989. PSL normally scores 7–9% cratic Party in 2005. of the popular vote, and achieved its best result at the 1993 legislative elections, where it polled over • Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland 15%. Member of the European People’s Party. (SdRP) – founded in 1990 as the successor of the

1 2 2 LIST OF PARTIES

Polish United Workers’ Party, was succeeded itself • National Party of Retirees and Pensioners (Krajowa by the Democratic Left Alliance upon its establish- Partia Emerytów i Rencistów, KPEiR) (social demo- ment as a single political party in 1999. cratic, social liberal); leader: Tomasz Mamiński

• Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland (Samoo- • National People’s Movement (Ruch Ludowo- brona) – A major but controversial agrarian party Narodowy), (christian democratic, eurosceptic, which ﬁrst won election to the Sejm in 2001. national conservative); leader: Krzysztof Filipek Samoobrona participated in a coalition government • National Radical Camp (Obóz Narodowo- dominated by PiS, 2006–2007. Samoobrona lost its Radykalny), extreme right, anti-communist, Sejm representation after the 2007 elections, and its nationalist European Parliamentary representation in 2009. • National Revival of Poland (Narodowe Odrodze- • League of Polish Families (LPR) – a right-wing nie Polski, NOP) (corporatist, nationalist); leader: party, in the Sejm from 2001. Formed a coali- Adam Gmurczyk tion government with PiS and Samoobrona in 2006– 2007. Lost all of its seats in the Sejm after the 2007 • New Left (Nowa Lewica, NL); (democratic social- elections, and lost all EU parliamentary seats after ist, Trotskyist, anti-globalist); leader: Piotr Ikonow- the European elections of 2009. icz • Polish Left (Polska Lewica, PL) (social democratic); 2.5 Other parties leader: Jacek Zdrojewski • Polish National Community (Polska Wspólnota • Catholic-National Movement (Ruch Katolicko- Narodowa, PWN) (nationalist, anti-clerical, Narodowy, RKN), (national conservative); leader: antisemitic, racist); leader: Bolesław Tejkowski Antoni Macierewicz • Polish National Party (Polska Partia Narodowa, • Communist Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia PPN) (nationalist, antisemitic, chauvinist); leader: Polski, KPP) (Marxist-Leninist); leader: Krzysztof Leszek Bubel Szwej • Pirate Party of Poland (“Polska Partia Piratów”, P3) • Confederation of Independent Poland (Konfed- (Pirate politics); leader: Radosław Pietroń eracja Polski Niepodległej, KPN) (neo-Sanacja, nationalist); leader: Władysław Borowiec • Polish Socialist Party (Poska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS); (democratic socialist, social democratic); • Congress of the New Right (Kongres Nowej leader: Bogusław Gorski Prawicy, KNP) (conservative, liberal conservative, eurosceptic); leader: Janusz Korwin-Mikke • Polish Labour Party (Polska Partia Pracy, PPP); (democratic socialist, anti-globalist, syndicalist); • Conservative People’s Party (Stronnictwo leader: Bogusław Ziętek Konserwatywno-Ludowe, SKL) (christian democratic, conservative); leader: Marek Zagórski • Reason Party (RACJA Polskiej Lewicy, RACJA PL) (anti-clerical, social democratic); leader: Ryszard • Democratic Party (Stronnictwo Demokratyczne, SD) Dąbrowski (liberal); leader: Paweł Piskorski • Republic Right Party (Prawica Rzeczypospolitej, PR) • Democratic Party – demokraci.pl (Partia (conservative); leader: Marek Jurek Demokratyczna, PD) (liberal and social-liberal[2]); • leader: Andrzej Celiński Social Democracy of Poland (Socjaldemokracja Pol- ska, SDPL); (social democratic); leader: Wojciech • Direct Democracy (Demokracja Bezpośrednia, DB) Filemonowicz (direct democracy, decentralism); leader: Adam • Together (Razem)(social democratic); leader: col- Kotucha lective leadership • Greens 2004 (Zieloni 2004)(green politics, • Union of the Left (Unia Lewicy, UL) (social demo- feminist, social democratic); leader: Agnieszka cratic, anti-clerical); leader: Piotr Musiał Grzybek, Adam Ostolski • Union of Real Politics (Unia Polityki Realnej, UPR) • National Movement (Ruch Narodowy), coalition (liberal conservative, libertarian); leader: Bartosz of smaller movements including All-Polish Youth, Józwiak National Radical Camp and Union of Real Politics, (ultra-nationalist, national democracy, far-right pol- • Women’s Party (Partia Kobiet, PK) (feminist); itics. leader: Robert Winnicki leader: Iwona Piątek 2.7 All political parties and organizations since 1989 3

2.6 Overview electoral committees, electoral alliances and informal groups: The transition from a mono-party Communist regime to liberal democracy and pluralism resulted in new politi- • Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) – Akcja Wybor- cal parties mushrooming in the early 1990s. After the cza Solidarność first free parliamentary elections in 1991 seats in the Sejm were divided among more than a dozen different parties • Akcja Wyborcza Solidarność Prawicy (AWS-P) – (amongst them such curiosities as the Polish Beer-Lovers’ Solidarity Electoral Action of the Right Party (Polska Partia Przyjaciół Piwa), led by a popular • Christian Democracy of the 3rd Polish Republic comedy actor, Janusz Rewiński). The existence of so (ChD) – Chrześcijańska Demokracja III Rzeczy- many parties in the Sejm was seen by many as being coun- pospolitej Polskiej terproductive to the effectiveness of the parliament and a hindrance towards producing stable governments. Con- • Christian-Democratic Labour Party – sequently, electoral reform was undertaken and an elec- Chrześcijańsko-Demokratyczne Stronnictwo toral threshold for the Lower House was instituted prior Pracy (ChDSP) to the 1993 elections. The set threshold required a min- imum vote of 5% for parties (with exemptions for eth- • Christian-Democratic Party 'Unity' – nic minority parties) and 8% for electoral coalitions. The Chrześcijańsko-Demokratyczne Stronnictwo threshold was set at the national, rather than divisional, 'Zjednoczenie' (ChDS'Z') level, and had the effect of preventing a large number of • Christian Labour Party – Chrześcijańska Partia minor parties from winning seats in later elections. The Pracy (ChD) threshold also prevented independent candidates from gaining election to the Sejm. Since 1990, the left side of • Christian Citizens’ Movement – Chrześcijański the political scene has generally been dominated by for- Ruch Obywatelski (ChRO) mer Communists turned social democrats. The right has • largely comprised (former) Solidarity activists and sup- Christian Social Association – Chrześcijańskie Sto- porters, but experienced deep divisions from the begin- warzyszenie Społeczne (ChSS) ning, and showed less cohesiveness than the left. The • Democratic Right Forum – Forum Prawicy right were unable to create a single bloc which could act as Demokratycznej (FDP) a lasting counterweight to the left-wing monolith, but in- stead, kept merging, splitting and renaming. Even so, the • Democratic Right Fraction – Frakcja Prawicy parties of the right did manage to win government again Demokratycznej (FDP) from 1997-2001 (having initially governed from 1989– • 93). Catholic Intellectuals Club – Klub Inteligencji Ka- tolickiej (KIK) Since the parliamentary elections of 2005, the right-wing parties have dominated the political scene, and appear • Citizens’ Committee 'Solidarity' – Komitet Obywa- to be in their strongest position to date. Two impor- telski 'Solidarność' (KO 'S') tant developments in the political landscape have taken • Communist Party of Poland (KPP) – Komunisty- place since 2005. Firstly, the SLD (Communist succes- czna Partia Polski sor) party is no longer the major, or one of the two major parties. Secondly, the main political battleground • Confederation of Independent Poland (KPN) – is no longer between the ex-Solidarity right versus the Konfederacja Polski Niepodległej ex-Communist left. The new competing groupings are those of the Law and Justice party (promoting national- • Liberal Democratic Congress (KLD) – Kongres istic and conservative social policies) and the Civic Plat- Liberalno-Demokratyczny form (representing a more conservative-liberal position). • National Citizens Committee – Krajowy Komitet The general public disapproval of politics and politicians Obywatelski (KKO) as a whole has resulted in almost all major parties exclud- ing the very word “party” from their names, replacing it • Left and Democrats (LiD) – Lewica i Demokraci with words less associated with politics, such as “union”, “platform”, “league” or “alliance”. • League of Polish Families – Liga Polskich Rodzin (LPR), see also League and Self-Defense (Liga i Samoobrona) (LiS) 2.7 All political parties and organizations • National Revival of Poland (NOP) – Narodowe since 1989 Odrodzenie Polski This is a list of political organizations registered in Poland • (Independent) Polish Socialist Party – (Niezależna) as political parties, societies, foundations, trade unions, Polska Partia Socjalistyczna ((N)PPS) 4 2 LIST OF PARTIES

• Independent Students’ Union (NZS) – Niezależne • Polish Christian-Democratic Forum – Polskie Fo- Zrzeszenie Studentów rum Chrześcijańsko-Demokratyczne (PFChD)

• Independent Self-Governing Trade Union “Solidar- • Polish Peasant’s Party 'Mikolajczyk' – Polskie ity” – Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy Stronnictwo Ludowe 'Mikołajczykowskie' (PSL'M') “Solidarność" (NSZZ"S”) • Polish Peasant’s Party 'Revival' – Polskie Stron- • Independent Self-Governing Trade Union “Solidar- nictwo Ludowe 'Odrodzenie' (PSL'O') ity '80” – Niezależny Samorządny Związek Za- • Polish Peasant’s Party 'Solidarity' – Polskie Stron- wodowy Solidarność'80 (NSZZ"S'80”) nictwo Ludowe 'Solidarność' (PSL) • Independent Self-Governing Trade Union of • Civic Platform (PO) – Platforma Obywatelska Independent Farmers “Solidarity” – Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy Rolników Indy- • Platform of Janusz Korwin-Mikke – Platforma widualnych 'Solidarność' (NSZZ"S”) Janusza Korwin-Mikke (PJKM)

• Citizen’s Parliamentarian Caucus – Obywatelski • Centre Agreement (PC) – Porozumienie Centrum Klub Parlamentarny (OKP) • Peasants’ Agreement – Porozumienie Ludowe (PL) • Revived Polish Socialist Party – Odrodzona Polska • Citizens’ Centre Agreement – Porozumienie Oby- Partia Socjalistyczna (OPPS) watelskie Centrum (POC) • All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions (OPZZ) • Law and Justice (PiS) – Prawo i Sprawiedliwość – Ogólnopolskie Porozumienie Związków Za- wodowych • Reason Party (RACJA PL) – RACJA Polskiej Lewicy • Organizacja Monarchistów Polskich – Organization of Polish Monarchists • Democratic-Social Movement – Ruch Demokratyczno-Społeczny (RDS) • Centre Party – Partia Centrum (Centrum) • Labour People Movement – Ruch Ludzi Pracy • Christian Democrats Party – Partia Chrześcijańs- (RPL) kich Demokratów (PChD) • Citizens’ Movement for Democratic Action • Democratic Party – demokraci.pl (PD) – Partia (ROAD) – Ruch Obywatelski Akcja Demokraty- Demokratyczna – demokraci.pl czna • Poland Comes First (PJN) – Polska Jest Na- • Movement for Reconstruction of Poland – Ruch jważniejsza Odbudowy Polski (ROP) • Polish Labour Party (PPP) – Polska Partia Pracy • Palikot’s Movement (RP) – Ruch Palikota

• Polish Beer-Lovers’ Party – Polska Partia Przyjaciół • Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland – Samoo- Piwa (PPPP) brona, see also Liga i Samoobrona (LiS)

• Polish Social Democratic Party – Polska Partia Soc- • Social Democracy of Poland (SDPL) – Soc- jaldemokratyczna (PPS) jaldemokracja Polska

• Polish Socialist Party – Polska Partia Socjalistyczna • Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (SdRP) (PPS) – Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej • • Polish Socialist Party – Democratic Revolu- Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) – Sojusz Lewicy tion – Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Rewolucja Demokratycznej Demokratyczna (PPS-RD) • United Poland (SP) – Solidarna Polska • Poland Plus – (PP) Polska Plus • Labour Solidarity – Solidarność Pracy (SP) • Poland Together (PR) – Polska Razem • PAX Association (PAX) – Stowarzyszenie PAX • Polish Social Democratic Union – Polska Unia So- • Democratic Party (SD) – Stronnictwo Demokraty- cialdemokratyczna (PUS) czne • Polish Catholic-Social Union – Polski Związek • Conservative People’s Party (SKL) – Stronnictwo Katolicko-Społeczny (PZKS) Konserwatywno-Ludowe 2.9 Oﬃcial political parties and organizations in the People’s Republic of Poland, 1948–89 5

• National Party (SN) – Stronnictwo Narodowe 2.9 Oﬃcial political parties and organizations in the People’s Republic of • National-Democratic Party (SND) – Stronnictwo Poland, 1948–89 Narodowo-Demokratyczne Parties • Party of Republican Loyalty – Stronnictwo Wier- ności Rzeczypospolitej (SWRP) • Polish United Workers’ Party – Polska Zjednoczona • Your Movement – Twój Ruch (TR) Partia Robotnicza (PZPR) (Marxist–Leninist)

• Christian-Social Union – Unia Chrześcijańsko- • Democratic Party – Stronnictwo Demokratyczne Społeczna (UChS) (SD) (centrist, communist controlled) • • Democratic Union (UD) – Unia Demokratyczna United People’s Party – Zjednoczone Stronnictwo Ludowe (ZSL) (agrarian, communist controlled) • Left Union – Unia Lewicy (UL) Organizations • Real Politics Union (UPR) – Unia Polityki Realnej • Front of National Unity – Front Jedności Narodu • Labour United (UP) – Unia Pracy (FJN) – precursor of PRON • Social-Democratic Union of Republic of Poland – • Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth – Patrioty- Unia Socjaldemokratyczna RP (USdRP) czny Ruch Odrodzenia Narodowego (PRON) (con- sisted of PZPR, SD and ZSL members) • Freedom Union (UW) – Unia Wolności • PAX Association – Stowarzyszenie PAX (catholic • Catholic Election Action – Wyborcza Akcja Ka- and nationalist, communist controlled) tolicka (WAK) • Polish Socialist Youth Union – Związek Socjalisty- • Greens 2004 – Zieloni 2004 (since 3 March 2013 cznej Młodzieży Polskiej (ZSMP) (youth faction of oﬃcial name: Zieloni) PZPR)

• Christian National Union – Zjednoczenie • Rural Youth Union – Związek Młodzieży Wiejskiej Chrzescijansko-Narodowe (ZChN) (ZMW) – (youth faction of ZSL) (pl:Związek Młodzieży Wiejskiej) • Polish Communists Union 'Proletariat' – Związek Komunistów Polskich 'Proletariat' (ZKP'P') 2.10 Oﬃcial parties in Poland, 1945–48

2.8 Underground political organizations in • Polish Workers’ Party – Polska Partia Robotnicza Poland, 1945–89 (PPR) (communist) • Polish Socialist Party – Polska Partia Socjalistyczna • Confederation of Independent Poland – Konfeder- (PPS) acja Polski Niepodległej (KPN) • People’s Party – Stronnictwo Ludowe (SL) (agrar- • Workers’ Defence Committee – Komitet Obrony ian, pro-communist) Robotników (KOR) • Polish People’s Party – Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe • Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights – (agrarian, anti-communist) – Ruch Obrony Praw Człowieka i Obywatela (ROP- CiO) • Democratic Party – Stronnictwo Demokratyczne (centrist) • Real Politics Union – Ruch Polityki Realnej (RPR)

• Freedom and Independence – Wolność i Niezaw- 2.11 Political parties in the Second Polish isłość (WiN) Republic, 1918–39

• Freedom and Peace – Wolność i Pokój (WiP) (pl: • Agudath Israel Ruch Wolność i Pokój) • Bloc of National Minorities – Blok Mniejszosci Nar- • Solidarity – (solidarność) odowych 6 2 LIST OF PARTIES

• Bund (General Jewish Labor Union) • Polish Socialist Party – Left – Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Lewica • Camp of National Unity – Obóz Zjednoczenia Nar- odowego, OZN (“Ozon”, continuation of BBWR, • Sanation – Sanacja (meant to “restore health” to the nationalist) body politic: authoritarian, centrist)

• Centrolew, “Center-Left” – coalition of parties. • Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance – (UNDO) (Ukrainian: Українське національно- • Chjeno-Piast – coalition of that included the Polish демократичне об'єднання, УНДО, Ukrayin’ske People’s Party “Piast” and Christian Association of Natsional'no-Demokratichne Obyednannia, National Unity Polish: Ukraińskie Zjednoczenie Narodowo- • Christian Democracy – Labor Party – Chrześci- Demokratyczne) jańska Demokracja (ChD) • Związek Chłopski ZCh (Polish Wikipedia article) • Communist Party of Poland – Komunistyczna Partia Polski, KPP – (communist, illegal) 2.12 Political parties before 1918 • Folkspartei – Jewish People’s Party ('Folkists’) • Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and • German Socialist Labour Party of Poland – (Ger- Lithuania – Socjaldemokracja Krolestwa Polskiego man: Deutsche Sozialistische Arbeitspartei Polens, i Litwy, SDKPiL abbreviated DSAP, Polish: Niemiecka Socjalisty- czna Partia Pracy w Polsce) • National-Democratic Party (Poland) – Stronnictwo Narodowo-Demokratyczne • Labor Party – Stronnictwo Pracy, SP • Polish Socialist Party – Polska Partia Socjalistyczna • National Democracy – Narodowa Demokracja, ND ("Endecja") (nationalist) • Polish Socialist Party – Left - Polska Partia Socjal- • Popular National Union – Związek Ludowo- istyczna - Lewica Narodowy, ZLN • Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction - Pol- • National Party – Stronnictwo Narodowe, SN ska Partia Socjalistyczna - Frakcja Rewolucyjna

• National Radical Camp – Obóz Narodowo- • Polish Socialist-Democratic Party of Galicia Radykalny, ONR (extreme-right) and Cieszyn Silesia - Polska Partia Socjalno- Demokratyczna Galicji i Śląska Cieszyńskiego • National Radical Camp ABC • National Radical Camp Falanga – Obóz • Polish Socialist Party of the Prussian Partition - Pol- Narodowo-Radykalny Falanga or Falanga ska Partia Socjalistyczna Zaboru Pruskiego

• National Workers’ Party – Narodowa Partia Robot- • Progressive-Democratic Union – Związek nicza, NPR (Polish Wikipedia article) Postępowo-Demokratyczny

• Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Govern- • Real Politics Party – Stronnictwo Polityki Realnej ment – Bezpartyjny Blok Współpracy z Rządem, BBWR (organization of Sanacja) • Polish People’s Party – Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe

• Peasant Party – Stronnictwo Chłopskie, SCh • National Workers’ Faction - Narodowe Stronnictwo Robotników • People’s Party – Stronnictwo Ludowe, SL • National Workers’ Union - Narodowy Związek • Polish People’s Party PSL – Polish People’s Party Robotników (agrarians) • Peasantry Union - Związek Stronnictwa Chłop- • Polish People’s Party “Piast” skiego • Polish People’s Party “Wyzwolenie” • Popular Christian Party - Stronnictwo • Polish Socialist Party – Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, Chrześcijańsko-Ludowe PPS (socialist) • Polish Popular Centre - Polskie Centrum Ludowe • Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction – Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Frakcja Re- • Christian Democratic Party - Stronnictwo Chrześci- wolucyjna jańskiej Demokracji 7

3 See also

• Politics of Poland

• List of political parties by country • List of politicians in Poland

• Timeline of liberal parties in Poland

4 References

[1] Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck

[2] Vít Hloušek; Lubomír Kopeček (1 June 2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East- Central and Western Europe Compared. Ashgate Publish- ing, Ltd. pp. 121–. ISBN 978-0-7546-7840-3. Retrieved 2 February 2013.

5 Further reading

• Dariusz Cecuda, Leksykon Opozycji Politycznej 1976-1989, BIS Trust, Warszawa 1989

• Małgorzata Dehnel-Szyc, Jadwiga Stachura, Gry polityczne. Orientacje na dziś, Oﬁcyna Wydawnicza Volument, Warszawa 1991

• Piotr Frączak (e.d), Gorączka czasu przełomu. Dokumenty ugrupowań radykalnych 1989-1990, Instytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Warszawa 1984 • Inka Słodkowska (ed.), Programy partii i ugrupowań parlamentarnych 1989-1991' vol. 1-2, Instytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa 1995 8 6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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