Harmonic Serialism with Lexical Selection: Evidence
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The Phonetics-Phonology Interface in Romance Languages José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran
Surface sound and underlying structure : The phonetics-phonology interface in Romance languages José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran To cite this version: José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran. Surface sound and underlying structure : The phonetics- phonology interface in Romance languages. S. Fischer and C. Gabriel. Manual of grammatical interfaces in Romance, 10, Mouton de Gruyter, pp.23-40, 2016, Manuals of Romance Linguistics, 978-3-11-031186-0. hal-01226122 HAL Id: hal-01226122 https://hal-univ-paris.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01226122 Submitted on 24 Dec 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Manual of Grammatical Interfaces in Romance MRL 10 Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM Manuals of Romance Linguistics Manuels de linguistique romane Manuali di linguistica romanza Manuales de lingüística románica Edited by Günter Holtus and Fernando Sánchez Miret Volume 10 Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM Manual of Grammatical Interfaces in Romance Edited by Susann Fischer and Christoph Gabriel Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM ISBN 978-3-11-031178-5 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-031186-0 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-039483-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. -
A Split Analysis of Plurality: Number in Amharic Ruth Kramer
A Split Analysis of Plurality: Number in Amharic Ruth Kramer Linguistic Inquiry, Volume 47, Number 3, Summer 2016, pp. 527-559 (Article) Published by The MIT Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/627318 Access provided by Georgetown University Library (3 Dec 2017 21:49 GMT) A Split Analysis of Plurality: Number in Amharic Ruth Kramer Plural morphemes are conventionally analyzed as realizations of Num- (ber). However, much recent research has investigated idiosyncratic/ ‘‘lexical’’ plural systems where some or all of the plural morphemes are realizations of some other syntactic head. The focus of this article is the intricate plural system of Amharic (Ethiosemitic), where there is considerable evidence that plural morphology is split between two heads: Num and the nominalizing head n. The article thus provides further empirical evidence that the morphosyntax of plurality does not involve Num alone; it also develops a novel analysis of a plural system that relies on two different morphosyntactic heads. Keywords: plural, number, Amharic, Distributed Morphology, n, lexi- cal plurality 1 Introduction The typical syntactic location for plural inflection is Num(ber), the head of a Num(ber)P between DP and NP. However, there is a growing body of research on the idiosyncratic/‘‘lexical’’/nonin- flectional properties of certain plurals crosslinguistically, and idiosyncratic plurality is often ana- lyzed as the realization of a different head, closer to the noun than Num (see, e.g., Lecarme 2002, Acquaviva 2008, Lowenstamm 2008, Wiltschko 2008, Alexiadou 2011, Harbour 2011, Butler 2012, Ghaniabadi 2012). Nevertheless, it remains controversial exactly which heads besides Num are capable of carrying plural features, and how idiosyncratic plurality interacts with Num-based plurality within the same language. -
Catalan in the Classroom: a Language Under Fire Sara Fowler
Catalan in the Classroom: A Language Under Fire Sara Fowler Hawaii Pacific University Abstract This paper describes the role of Spain’s largest minority language, Catalan, in Spanish society, specifically in the classroom. Throughout its history, Catalan has gone through many cycles of oppression and revival. Currently, despite several decades of positive progress in its official role and a growing number of young speakers, Catalan is facing new challenges once again. Some members of the Spanish government believe that the language of instruction in Catalonia should be Castilian, a development which the citizens of Catalonia feel is an attack on their linguistic rights and identity. Catalan is a well-documented example of the tensions which can arise in a country with a minority language or languages. The Catalan case can also serve as a reminder to English teachers that the politics of language are often more complicated than they seem; teachers must be aware of and sensitive to the cultural and political backgrounds of their students. Introduction It is a fact that linguistic boundaries and political borders are not a perfect match; nevertheless, most people associate one language with one country. For example, the name Spain, for many people, brings to mind one language: Spanish. However, Spanish, or “Castilian” as it is more specifically called, is not the only language in Spain. There are 15 languages spoken in Spain—one official language and three other “co-official” languages, the largest of which is Catalan, spoken as a “mother tongue” by approximately nine percent of the population, compared to five percent speakers of Galician and a mere one percent who speak Euskera (Basque) as a mother tongue (Ethnologue, 2014; European Commission, 2006, p. -
Electronic Maps and the Dialectal Borders of Catalan
New Perspectives in Iberian Dialectology / Nouvelles perspectives en dialectologie ibérique David Heap, Enrique Pato, and Claire Gurski (eds.) Twelfth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology (Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, 1st – 5th August 2005) Electronic maps and the dialectal borders of Catalan Maria-Pilar Perea Universitat de Barcelona New Perspectives in Iberian Dialectology / Nouvelles perspectives en dialectologie ibérique. David Heap, Enrique Pato, and Claire Gurski (eds.). 2006. London: University of Western Ontario. [online edition < https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/siteview.cgi/id>] Electronic maps and the dialectal borders of Catalan1 Maria-Pilar Perea Universitat de Barcelona 1. Introduction During the twentieth century, Catalan dialectology has continued to pursue its main objective, namely to compile information on the phonetics, vocabulary and morphology of the dialects spoken in various localities inside the Catalan linguistic domain and to present the results in the form of maps. Together, the set of maps comprise a linguistic atlas that shows the existence of particular entities, the dialects, separated by borders: the isoglosses. This descriptive aim was fulfilled by most atlases of the Catalan domain, which were published in the second half of the twentieth century. The first Catalan atlas of a general nature, the Atles Lingüístic de Catalunya (ALC) (1923-1964), was not finished until 1964. Unfortunately this atlas, compiled by Antoni Griera, is not entirely reliable. In the last few years two volumes (of a projected series of ten) of the Atles Lingüístic del Domini Català (ALDC) have appeared (cf. Veny and Pons 2001, 2004). Both the general and the regional atlases, all of them only in book format, have been limited to a descriptive representation of the data, pointing out coincident and divergent aspects. -
Variation and Change in the Romance Possessive Constructions: an Overview of Nominal, Adverbial and Verbal Uses1
Variation and change in the Romance possessive constructions: An overview of nominal, adverbial and verbal uses1 MIRIAM BOUZOUITA Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin MATTI MARTTINEN LARSSON Stockholm University Abstract In this introductory article, we will first illustrate the great morpho-syntactic diversity that exists in the Romance possessive systems from a comparative perspective, and then detail the recent changes that have taken place. After discussing the various nominal patterns, the use of tonic possessives in the adverbial and verbal domain will be examined. Subsequently, the various contributions of this special issue will be summarized and evaluated. Keywords: Romance, possessive, noun, prepositional phrase, adverbial, verbal, analogical extension, reanalysis 1. Introduction Despite having a common ancestor, there are important morpho-syntactic differences between the various Romance possessive systems.2 While some possessives behave like adjectives, others function like determiners, and yet others as pronouns (e.g. Lyons 1985; Schoorlemmer 1998; GLA 2001:108; Ledgeway 2011; Van Peteghem 2012; De Andrés Díaz 2013:375, among others). Indeed, while Latin possessives are strong forms with a distribution similar to that of lexical adjectives, various divergent systems exist in the Romance languages (e.g. Van Peteghem 2012). To illustrate the great (morpho-)syntactic diversity that exists in the Romance possessive systems and the different recent changes that have taken place, we will give a broad comparative overview of the various possessive configurations in the nominal, adverbial and verbal domains (sections 1.1 and 1.2), detailing similarities and differences. We will focus especially on the Ibero- Romance varieties, albeit not exclusively, as they have received less attention in the 1 We would like to thank the participants and audience of the Possessive Constructions in Romance Conference (PossRom2018), held at Ghent University (27th-28th of June 2018) for their valuable input. -
Spanish and Catalan in Majorca: Are There Contact- Induced Changes in the Catalan Vowel System?
Spanish and Catalan in Majorca: Are There Contact- Induced Changes in the Catalan Vowel System? Mark Amengual University of Texas at Austin 1. Introduction* The vowel systems of Catalan and Spanish are considerably different. Spanish has a simple five- vowel symmetrical system, which is the most common number of vowel phonemes cross-linguistically (Hualde, 2005). As shown in Table 1, the vowels contrast along two dimensions: along the height dimension, there are two high vowels (/i/ and /u/), two mid vowels (/e/ and /o/), and one low vowel (/a/); and along the frontness/backness dimension, there are two front vowels (/i/ and /e/), one central vowel (/a/), and two back vowels (/u/ and /o/). In contrast, Catalan has a seven-vowel symmetrical system with an additional contrast in height, distinguishing higher-mid vowels /e/ and /o/ from lower- mid vowels /ܭ/ and /ܧ/ in stressed syllables, as shown in Table 2. Moreover, the variety of Catalan spoken in Majorca has the additional vowel phoneme /ԥ/, which may appear both in stressed and unstressed position (Recasens, 1991). Table 1. The vowel inventory of Spanish Front Central Back High i u Mid e o Low a Nonround Round Table 2. The vowel inventory of Catalan (NB: /ԥ/ is phonemic in Majorcan Catalan) Front Central Back High i u Higher-mid e (ԥ) o Lower-mid ܭܧ Low a Nonround Round In terms of the acoustic properties of vowels, the first two formants (F1 and F2) provide information that can be used to uniquely identify the vowels in Spanish versus Catalan (Hualde, 2005). -
Catalan Journal of Linguistics
Centre de Lingüística Teòrica de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Centre de Lingüística Teòrica de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana Vol. 15, 2016 Catalan Journal of Linguistics ISSN 1695-6885 (in press); ISSN 2014-9719 (online) Vol. 15, 2016 http://revistes.uab.cat/catJL ISSN 1695-6885 (in press); ISSN 2014-9719 (online) 15 Vol. http://revistes.uab.cat/catJL Exceptions in Phonology Index 5 Bonet, Eulàlia; Torres-Tamarit, Francesc. Introduction. ATATALAN INGUISTICS C 9 . Exceptionality in Spanish Stress. C Baković, Eric L 27 Mascaró, Joan. Morphological Exceptions to Vowel Reduction L in Central Catalan and the Problem of the Missing Base. 53 Moore-Cantwell, Claire; Pater, Joe. Gradient Exceptionality OURNAL in Maximum Entropy Grammar with Lexically Specific JJ Constraints. 67 Piñeros, Carlos-Eduardo. Exceptional nasal-stop inventories. OURNAL OF C J 101 Rebrus, Péter; Szigetvári, Péter. Diminutives: Exceptions to J OF INGUISTICS M Harmonic Uniformity. LL AN Y 121 Rysling, Amanda. Polish yers revisited. CM 145 Zuraw, Kie. Polarized Variation. ATAL MY AT Volume 15 C C CY 2016 CMY K Exceptions in Phonology Edited by Eulàlia Bonet & Francesc Torres-Tamarit Exceptions in Phonology Coberta CJL 15.pdf 2 24/10/16 12:21 Catalan Journal of Linguistics Editors Centre de Lingüística Teòrica de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana Catalan Journal of Linguistics style sheet Informació general i subscripcions General information and subscriptions • Document format. Manuscripts should be should be listed chronologically, with the CATALAN JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS és una revista de lingüís- CATALAN JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS is a journal of theoretical written in English. -
What Is a Dialect?*
What is a Language? What is a Dialect?* Hizniye Isabella Boga Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen [email protected] The current study shows how to distinguish dialects from languages. This distinction was found with the help of the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm with a weighted scorer system of PMI distances and the Levenshtein distance. The study focused on the Romance language family, especially languages of Italy. The means used in order to identify groupings in the data were mixture models and the k-means clustering. The results support the hypothesis of bearing two thresholds which divide language-language pairs, language-dialect pairs and dialect- dialect pairs into three distinct clusters. These clusters were found with the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm with normalised and divided (NWND) scores and an additional scorer system of PMI distances. Furthermore, I also used Levenshtein Distances Normalised and Divided (LDND) for comparative reasons. The suggested thresholds differentiated between the two methods. The threshold by the NWND method are 4.49 for distinguishing dialect-dialect pairs from language-dialect pairs and a threshold of 2.54 in order to distinguish dialect-language pairs from language- language pairs. For the LDND method the cut off-points are 0.37 to distinguish dialect-dialect pairs from dialect-language pairs, 0.58 to distinguish close dialect-language varieties from distant dialect- language varieties and 0.7 to distinguish distant dialect-language varieties from language-language pairs. 1. Introduction The question of what a dialect is in opposition, relation or contrast to a language has been answered many times in many different manners. -
The Intergenerational Transmission of Catalan in Alghero Chessa, Enrico
Another case of language death? The intergenerational transmission of Catalan in Alghero Chessa, Enrico For additional information about this publication click this link. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/2502 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] Another case of language death? The intergenerational transmission of Catalan in Alghero Enrico Chessa Thesis submitted for the qualification of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Queen Mary, University of London 2011 1 The work presented in this thesis is the candidate’s own. 2 for Fregenet 3 Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 8 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 9 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 11 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ 12 List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................... -
Lenition of Intervocalic Alveolar Fricatives in Catalan and Spanish
1 Lenition of intervocalic alveolar fricatives in Catalan and Spanish José Ignacio Hualde (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) & Pilar Prieto (ICREA - Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Short title: Lenition of fricatives José I. Hualde Dept. of Spanish, Italian & Portuguese 4080 FLB, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 USA [email protected] Lenition of intervocalic alveolar fricatives in Catalan and Spanish Abstract We offer an acoustic study of variation in the realization of intervocalic alveolar fricatives in Catalan and Spanish. We consider the effects of phonological 2 inventory (Catalan has a distinction between /s/ and /z/ that Spanish lacks) and position in word. An analysis of a corpus of Map Task interviews in Catalan and Spanish revealed that Spanish word-medial and initial intervocalic /s/ segments are shorter than in Catalan. Whereas our results are consistent with the predictions of theories incorporating functional principles (i.e. contrast preservation), we also consider other possible explanations of the facts. The analysis also revealed that Spanish word-final intervocalic /s/ segments are weaker along the two dimensions that we examined (duration and voicing) than their initial and medial counterparts. We suggest that this apparently morphological effect on lenition has an articulatory explanation in terms of gestural coordination. 1. Introduction The phenomenon with which we are concerned in this paper is the synchronic weakening of intervocalic alveolar fricatives in Iberian Spanish and Catalan. A reason to compare Spanish and Catalan is that these are two closely related languages that differ in the phonological status of voiced fricatives: whereas Catalan has a contrast between voiceless /s/ and voiced /z/, Spanish 3 lacks the voiced phoneme /z/. -
Stability of Meanings Versus Rate of Replacement of Words: an Experimental Test Michele Pasquini and Maurizio Serva
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE LINGUISTICS 2021, VOL. 28, NO. 2, 95–116 https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2019.1647754 Stability of Meanings versus Rate of Replacement of Words: An Experimental Test Michele Pasquini and Maurizio Serva Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze dell’Informazione e Matematica, Università dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy ABSTRACT The words of a language are randomly replaced over time by new ones, but it has long been known that words corresponding to some items (meanings) are less frequently replaced than others. Usually, the rate of replacement for a given item is not directly observable, but it is inferred by the estimated stability which, on the contrary, is observable. This strategy goes back a long way in the lexicostatistical literature, nevertheless nothing ensures that it gives the correct answer. The family of Romance languages allows for a direct test of the estimated stabilities against the replacement rates since the proto-language (Late Classical Latin or Vulgar Latin) is more or less known, and the replacement rates can be explicitly computed. The output of the test is threefold: i) we prove that the standard approach which infers the replacement rates through the estimated stabilities is sound; ii) we are able to rewrite the fundamental formula of Glottochronology for a non universal replacement rate (depending on the item); iii) we provide unquestionable evidence that the stability ranking is far from being the same for different families of languages. This last result is also supported by comparison with the Malagasy family of dialects. 1. The Problem Glottochronology tries to estimate the time at which two languages started to differentiate and, consequently, also the time depth of a family of languages. -
Development of Technological Tools for Teaching and Learning Catalan Phonetics Via the Internet
Carrera & Pons Catalan phonetics via the Internet: 1 Development of technological tools for teaching and learning Catalan phonetics via the Internet Josefina Carrera (Universitat de Barcelona) Clàudia Pons (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) 1 Goal The goal of this paper is to present the project «The sounds of Catalan. Development of technological tools for teaching and learning Catalan phonetics», which is being carried out by a group of professors and researchers from different Catalan universities. 1 The general aim of the project is to design and develop Internet resources that may assist in teaching and learning the mechanisms of production, transmission and perception of Catalan sounds. In order to make this general purpose more precise, the following four specific aims can be sketched out: a) to furnish the learner of Catalan as L2 with the basic devices to learn efficiently the main features concerning the production and the perception of Catalan sounds; b) to provide the Catalan speaker with an Internet platform to improve his/her speaking and comprehension skills; c) to help Catalan (under)graduate students of degrees that have phonetics as the object of study or as a working means ( i.e. Philology, Speech Therapy, Linguistics, Translation and Communication and Journalism, among others) in learning and acquiring this discipline autonomously, in accordance with the European Higher Education Area guidelines; d) to include the ICT applied to the Catalan phonetics education on a website with unrestricted access. In order to contextualize this project, in § 2 an introduction to Catalan in the context of Romance languages is presented, and in § 3 a succinct review of some of the existing Internet tools for teaching and learning phonetics is outlined.