11310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 22 To be brigadier generals Brig. Gen. John Paul Doyle, 247A. Col. Dolf Edward Muehleisen, 1144A. Col. Harold Willard Glattly, 016967. Brig. Gen. Manning Eugene Tillery, 293A. Col. Harold Lee Neely, 1161A. Col. John Frederick Bohlender, 017814:. . Brig. Gen. Edward Pont Mechling, 327A. Col. John Edward Murray, A0372910. Col. John Ruxton Wood, 017821. · Brig. Gen. Frank Hamlet Robinson, 336A. Col. Emmett Buckner Cassady, i095A. Col. Paul Dunn Berrigan, 016741. Brig. Gen. W.alter Robertson Agee, 413A. Col. Cecil Edward ·combs, 1203A. Col. Henry Joseph Hoeffer, 016765. Brig. Gen. Harold Winfield Grant, 497A. Col. Lawrence Clinton Coddington, 1275A. Col. Gerald Francis Lillard, 016770. Brig. Gen. Henry Keppler Mooney, 589A. Col. Avelin Paul Taeon, Jr., 1566A. Col. Parmer Wiley Edwards, 016775. Brig. Gen. ,Raymond Judson Reeves, 1082A. Col. Claude Edwin PUtnam, Jr., 1593A. Col. Charles Pennoyer Bixel, 016808. Brig Gen. Thomas Patrick Gerrity, 1613A. Col. Frank Ed:win Rouse, 1595A. Col. Louis Howard Foote, 017010. To be brigadier generals Col. William Kemp Martin, 1697A, Col. Lyle Edward Seeman, 017082. Col. Ralph Lowell Wassell, 1730A. Col. Leslie Granger Mulzer, A0138777. Col. Horace Milton Wade, 1872A. Col. Robert John Fleming, Jr., 017095. Col. John Caswell Crosthwaite, 295A. Col. William Ross Currie, 017115. Col. Joseph Randall Holzapple, 1897A. Col. Robert Scott Israel, Jr., 354A. Col. Joseph James Preston, 1966A. Col. Ralph Thomas Nelson, 017308. Col·. Edgar Alexander Sirmyer, Jr., 394A. Col. John Ogden Kilgore, 029008. Col. Lawrence Mcilroy Guyer, 454A. IN THE NAVY Col. Alvin Galt Viney, 017511. Col. Donald Philip Graul, 455A. The nominations of Lloyd R. Sellman and Col. James Percy Hannigan, 017531. Col. John Coleman Horton, 457A. 856 other officers of the Navy for promotion Col. Philip Henry Draper, Jr., 017543. Col. Winslow Carroll Morse, 515A. to the grades indicated in the line and staff Col. Harold George Hayes, 017554. Col. William Leroy Kennedy, 517A. Col. John David Francis Phillips, 017584. corps of the Navy, subject to qualifl<:ations Col. George Frank McGuire, 539A. therefor as provided by law, were received Col. William Darwin Hamlin, 017619. · Col. Edward Bone Gallant, 577A. Col. Robert Little Cook, 017675. by the Senate on July 13, 1955, and appear Col. Julian Merritt Chappell, 583A. in full in the Senate proceedings of the Col. Lester Skene Bork, 017685. Col. Edward Nolen Backus, 604A. Col. Thomas Norfleet Griffin, 017775. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for that date, under Col. Lloyd Roosevelt Moses, 029362. Col. Robert Lee Scott, Jr., 640A. the caption "Nominations," beginning with Col. Frederick Theodore Voorhees, 029374. Col. James Simon Cathroe, 18821A. the name of Lloyd R. Sellman, which ap­ Col. Lou George Van Wagoner; 041668. Col. Robert Edward Lee, 19033A. pears on page 10425, and ending with the Col. William Charles Kingsbury, 923A. UNITED STATES Am FORCE name of R-0bert A. Edlin, which is sbown on Col. Charles Anthony Heim, 1033A. page 101:27. The following-named officers for tem­ Col. Haskell Erva Neal, 1047A. porary appointment in the United States Air Col. George Bernar_d Dany, 1061A. IN THE MARINE CORPS . .Force under the provisions of section 515, Col. Perry Bruce Griffith, 1075A. Lt. Gen. Oliver P. Smith, United States Ofllcer Personnel Act of 1947: Col. WHliam Harvey Wise, 1083A. Marine Corps, to have the grade of lieuten­ To be major generals Col. John William White, 1087A. ant general on the retired list in the Manne Brig. Gen. Hugh Arthur Parker, 505A. Col. Robert Morris Stillman, 1114A. Corps, effective from th~ date of his retire­ Brig. Gen. Walter Irwin Miller, A0913582. Col. Thomas Joseph Gent, Jr., 1130A. ment.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Subversives in Defense Facilities opinion, demolishes these continuing at­ subversive. "We could not get such infor­ tacks upon any legislation vital to our mation and were advised that the entlre security program was under study." It is EXTENSION OF REMARKS national defense. obvious that FBI files cannot be turned over OF · Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ to private individuals, but it 1s a monument sent that this editorial be printed in the to the fatuous tolerance of democracy that HON. JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, along With my subversives can't be disturbed in their OF MARYLAND newsletters of May 9, 1955, and July 11, activities because there is no legal way to identify them. m THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 1955, on the same subject. There being no objection, the editorial Undoubtedly, if an employer undertook to Friday, July 22, 1955 dismiss a suspected worker without having and newsletters were ordered to be had access to the Government's information Mr. BUTLER. Mr. President, as one printed in the RECORD, as follows: about the man, the employer would probably who has served now ior a considerable [From 'the Saturday Evening Post of July have his plant closed by a strike and in the period of time as a member of the Inter­ 23, 1955) end be compelled to restore the suspect to his nal Security Subcommittee of the Sen­ Job. Since the employer is unable to act by NEW LA w NEEDED To BAR SPIES FROM himself, and Government officials do not give ate, I am convinced that the potentiality WAR PLANTS for subversion and sabotage within our the needed information, a statute is called Although a worker in an industrial plant for, making it mandatory for the Govern­ essential defense industries and facilities can sometimes be fired for taking too long ment to boot subversives out of our defense has not decreased with the changing for a smoke in the washroom, it will be industries. The Butler bill was designed to attitudes of world affairs. news to many people that it is impossible fill this gap. The Secretary of the Army, Mr. Wilber to get rid of .suspected subversives and Soviet Although certain labor leaders, the Ameri­ M. Brucker, has testified that-- agents planted in our sensitive defense in­ cans for Democratic Action, and other so­ There are known subversives now working dustries. To .remedy this situation, the De­ called liberal groups have criticized the But­ in vital defense facilities without there being partment of Defense prepared a bill, which ler bill as setting up "an approximation of adequate authority in the Federal Govern­ was introduced by Senator BUTLER, of Mary­ the police state," the measure seems ade­ ment to meet this potential threat to our land, designed to give the Government the quately cautious in its approach to the sub­ productive capacity and therefore to our right to exclude these dubious characters ject. For example, before its terms can be military effectivene~s. . from places where they could cause trouble. carried out the President must issue a proc­ It does seem about time some attention was lamation "that the security of the United To fill this gap in our internal-security paid to this matter. States is endangered by reason of actual war structure, I have introduced, with the One explanation of this extraordinary sit­ or threatened war, or invasion, or insurrec­ sanction of the administration, Senate uation is the almost pathetic anxiety of the tion, or subversive activity, or of disturbance bill 681, which would "guard strategic Government not to be accused of violating or threatened disturbance in the interna­ somebody's civil liberties. A year ago a tional relations of the United States." Im.. defense facilities against individuals be­ statement made on behalf of the General portant as it is to protect the rights of indi­ lieved to be disposed to commit acts of Electric Co. before the Senate Judiciary Com­ viduals and to stay within the limits of "due sabotage, espionage, or other subver­ mittee pointed out that "Government agen­ process of law," the layman will wonder why sion." cies direct contractors to exclude from spies cannot be hightailed out of defense As was to be expected, this proposal 'classified' defense work all employees whom plants until the menacing circumstances has been the subject of criticism fi:om they find to be 'security risks,' but the indi­ cited above are present. certain misinformed and misguided per­ vidual employer does not receive from · the Even when the FBI has put the finger on Government the evidence which supports its a suspected subversive in a defense plant, sons and groups. However, the July 23, conclusion." nothing could happen to him under this pro­ 1955, issue of the Saturday Evening Post In its statement the company declared posed law until he bas been notified of the contains an excellent editorial entitled that when the Korean war broke out it at­ charges against him .and given an adequate "New Law Needed To Bar Spies From tempted to have the Government give the opportunity to defen.i- himself agai.J;lst them. War Plants," which very capably, in my names of any employees considered to be He may request a hearing, and if the charges 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 11311 are based on the testimony ·Of informants ernment. Yet in recent years this maxim Korean War Prisoner Veterans Entitled whose identity must be withheld for secu­ has become confused with the issue-not rity reasons, the suspe·ct "shall be furnished wholly unrelated, however-of due process to Monetary Benefits with a fair summary of the information in of law. While th.ere are many judicial prece­ support of the charges against him." The dents which capably disentangle these per­ bill did provide that "any investigatory or­ plexities and place them in clear perspective, EXTENSION OF REMARKS ganization [meaning the FBI]" shall not be the courts have concluded that due process OF required . to disclose the source of its in­ in the context of security programs is "prop­ formation if such disclosure would "endan­ erly definable in terms of the maximum pro­ HON. EVERETT M. DIRKSEN ger its investigatory activity." The spy who cedural safeguards which can be afforded the OF ILLINOIS is collared despite all the protections set up individual without jeopardizing the national IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES in the Butler bill may not destroy the FBI on security." his way out of the plant. Let those who contend that our internal Friday, July 22, 1955 All this would appear to give subversives security is not always in danger heed A. F. Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, it and suspected Soviet agents in defense plants of L. President George Meany's warning of might be well to publicize the fact that protections which are denied to employees last week, "The sweet words of Soviet leaders quite a number of Korean veterans who accused of "sassing" the foreman or arriving betoken no change . in their basic aim of on the job 10 minutes late. One explanation world domination." were prisoners of war and who would seems to be that unions feel that commu­ JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, be entitled to monetary benefits under nism, like portal to portal, should be a sub­ United States Senator. the provisions of Public Law 615, en­ ject for negotiation with employers. The acted in the 83d Congress, have not ap­ less practical complaints of the liberals are plied for benefits. As a matter of fact, not so easily comprehended. COMMUNIST INFILTRATION AND NATIONAL SECURITY the former Claims Settlement Commis­ It ought not to be necessary to add that sion has been unable to locate a substan­ the mass of American labor is overwhelm­ (A weekly newsletter by Senator JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER) . tial number of the Korean veterans, and ingly opposed to communism and that the I am including herewith a list of those evil which the Butler bill was designed to WASHINGTON, May 9, 1955.-All too fre­ meet concerns only a few people, many of quently, we as freedom-loving people over­ veterans· and their serial numbers in the them not members of unions at all. How­ look the real meaning-or more aptly, the hope that through the publicity afforded ever, the important thing from the Soviet real menace-of the international Commu­ by the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD some of point of view is not how many rank-and-file nist conspiracy. Unfortunately, we often them may be alerted to the fact that union members can be turned into Marxists, seem to forget the creepy conquests of the there is a deadline for the filing of an but how to· plant a few hundred spies and Russian dictatorship, and the inhuman bru­ application for the benefits provided agents in key spots in our defense industries. tality and devious cunning of these con­ under this act. Testimony before congressional committees quests. As a dictatorship and conspiracy, Applications must be postmarked on has made it plain that these industries have world domination is the all-pervading goal. been infiltrated to some degree. Senator The evil operations of the Kremlin, its agents or before midnight, August 21, 1955, as BUTLER declared that, without this bill, the and pawns, influence practically every phase required by existing law. United States would be powerless to act of our free society. These veterans woulC: be entitled to against subversives in our industrial plants. This penetration is ceaseless, taking many payment at the rate of $2.50 per day for Are we so drugged by peace propaganda that forms, and is but part of a precisely conceived each day they were in prison. I might we don't care? plan. Responsible experts have concluded add that those members of the United that more than 20,000 trained, hard-core States Armed Forces who are still THE. NATIONAL SECURITY Communist Party members continue to func­ prisoners of war as a result of Korean (A weekly newsletter by Senator JoHN tion in this country, mostly in cloak and hostilities would be eligible to file their MARSHALL BUTLER) dagger secrecy. Unimpeachable testimony claims within 1 year after returning to records extensive and repeated exposures of WASHINGTON, July 11, 1955.-In the pres­ Communist infiltration in our industrial and American military control. In the case ent posture of world affairs, the problems of defense plants. In accordance with a basic of survivors of prisoners of war who have national security, while not in the headlines Communist doctrine that "the end justifies not returned to the jurisdiction of the as much as heretofore, have not decreased in United States Armed Forces, such sur­ magnitude or importance. There are those, the means," it can be accurately predicted that infiltration is a prelude to active sabo­ vivors may file claims not more than 1 however, who continue to argue that this tage and subversion. · problem is poppycock-a figment of the con­ year from the date that the Defense servative mind. With utter abhorrence of the frightening Department determines that the pris­ As chairman of a Senate internal-security prospect of another global conflict, and with oners of war actually died or were pre­ task force created to review security pro­ full realization of the delicate international sumed to be dead. cedures in our defense facilities, I have just situation, there is no alternative to prepara­ tion and security. We must be alert to any Here, then, as of June 30, 1955, is the completed hearings at which the real signifi­ list of Korean prisoners of war whose cance of this problem was revealed in its eventuality. It is in this setting that I have ominous potential. Expanding upon the ac­ introduced legislation which would prevent addresses are unknown to the Foreign counts by FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover that access to all defense facilities of persons Claims Settlement Commission, who are there are still more than 20,000 Commu­ likely to commit sabotage, espionage, and entitled to these benefits. I sincerely nists-active or passive-in this country, in­ other subversive acts. hope that the list will have wide publica­ coming Army Secretary Wilber M. Brucker As expected, the self-appointed saints of tion because these men are deserving of testified that the Government does not have American liberalism, with neurotic denun­ these benefits for the service they sufficient authority to remove subversives ciation, are attacking this measure on the rendered. from certain of our vital industries. To fill grounds that the rights of workers will be There being no objection, the list was this void I have introduced legislation which, violated. These deluded individuals en­ when passed, would deny such individuals deavor to popularize such idioms that my ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as access to our defense plants. proposal would result in "a lot less freedom follows: It is in this setting, compounded by the but no more security." These unfounded UNSOLICITED KOREAN POW's ADDRESSES UN• ugly history of subversion and infiltration assaults tend to cloud the true purpose of KNOWN TO FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT in the last quarter century, that the charge the legislation and the vital need for ade­ COMMISSION, JUNE, 30, 1955 of poppycock has arisen. These misguided quate precautions. Contrary to these asser­ Acevedo, Francisco, US 50107130. antagonists, despite their oftentime intellec­ tions, this bill would protect the rights and Agustynovich, Stephan, US 15219105. tual leanings, are quick to overlook a few Allen, Taggett, RA 15421724. axioms basic to the society of man. For ex­ freedoms of all Americans and simultane­ ously safeguard our Nation. Auman, Neil C., Pvt. 2, US 52274157. ample, back in the Roman days, Justinian, Ball, Joe L., US 53026595. the Emperor of the East, proclaimed that I would remind these self-styled liberals that: "Communism is the religion of the Bancroft, Russell J., Pvt. 2, RA 16320729. "the safety of the state is the supreme law." Blair, Robert L., ER 55021425. devil; it is a distillation of evil; it is the very President Matlison once said: "Security Boyden, Melvin, Pfc., RA 13355354. against foreign danger is one of the primitive antichrist. We will never be safe from this Bradley, George W., RA 13306767. objectives of civil society." Of more recent evil faith until it is driven back to the hell Brown, Johnnie C., Sfc., RA 14291360. gleaning, Supreme Court Justice Frankfur­ from which it came." These are the words Burns, Peter J., Pfc., ER 42200296. ter has asserted that "the right of a govern­ of Adm. William H. Standley, a wartime Am­ Bruner, Joseph M., RA 18279404. ment to maintain its existence--self-preser­ bassador to Russia, who can, with authority, Cerino, Joseph Jr., RA 12312845. vation-is the most pervasive aspect of attest to the real meaning and foreboding of Dean, Ercel W., Sgt., RA 15282501. sovereignty." · the Communist conspiracy. Di Gardi, Anton, RA 21936768 • Through the ages self-protection and sur­ .JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, Dutro, Darrell W., 0-1997521. vival have been a motivating premise of gov- United States Senator. Enoki, Ted T., RA 10735192. 11312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 22 Escobar, Torres Vic., RA 30432249. Increasing the Number of Foreign Lan­ letter from the Acting Director of the Fernandez, Joseph, RA 33559586. United States Information Agency, Mr. Fitzgerald, William, RA 20219234. guage Experts in Our Counby Abbott Washburn. In it he reflected Gibson, Maxie L., Pvt., RA 14314631. USIA's deep concern with this problem, Garrison, Herbert D., RA 16307477. EXTENSION OF REMARKS particularly in view of the then immi­ Gifford, Allen J., RA 13282225. Gilardi, Robert W., 021766. OF nent move of the Voice of America from Gonzales, John, RA 19332137. New York to Washington, which resulted Good, Vernon L., RA 16302082. HON. ALEXANDER WILEY in making it difficult to fill various for­ Goodburlet, Raymond, RA 12283162. OF WISCONSIN eign specialist vacancies. Gouin, Phillip A., RA 16315443. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES - I ask unanimous consent that all Graiales, Nueves, US .50114497. Friday, July 22, 1955 three of these items be printed in the Greenwood, Charles, RA 12349405. RECORD. Grizzard, Lewis, 0-2008593. Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, for a long There being no objection, the editorial Groulx, George E., RA 19032085. time I have been deeply interested in Groyum, Elden F., 407127. · and letters were ordered to be printed increasing the reservoir of American in the RECORD, as fallows: Guynn, John E., RA 35902554. specialists in foreign languages. Hamilton, Raymond L., RA 16323889. [From the Superior (Wis.) Evening Telegram Harris, Charles L., RA 44104771. The fact of the matter is that we have of October 20, 1954] Heffler, Kenneth J., RA 18275585. a very insufficient number of Americans FOREIGN LANGUAGE BARRIER Hicks, Joseph E., 0-2208560. who can read and :write with genuine Higgins, John H., 0-1048407. familiarity foreign tongues, in many Senator ALEXANDER WILEY says not enough Holley, Freddie, RA 15274722. areas which heretofore have been almost Americans speak foreign languages, with the Holmes, Roy E., RA 14291279. result that it's exceedingly difficult for us to unknown to us, but which now occupy ·reach people in Communist dominated coun­ Huffner, Robert A., RA 154196B9. great strategic significance. Hughes, Melvin D.; RA 13333238. tries. Hunter, Carson, RA 16254447. Three-quarters of a year ago, I took Wisconsin's chairman of the Senate For­ Huntley, Robert M., RA 06558601. this matter up with many Federal agen­ eign Relations Committee says "It is .almost Irizarry, Jose B .. , ER 30430402. cies. I pointed out that if the United as tough as the Iron-Curtain barrier which Jackson, Warren F., RA 13282069. states is to combat communism through separates us from the slave world." He James, Davis E., RA 35759615. ·hopes Americans will face up with the situ­ greater economic, political, and cultural ation by overcoming the language barrier. Kastuch, Joseph J., ER 06933367. contact and through military assistance, WILEY, of course, isn't speaking about such Key, Joseph E., RA 33379856. it would be unthinkable for us not to languages as French, Spanish, German, and Locke, William S., 12493A. be able to communicate with the very some of the others that get more or less Lovett, John M., RA 20246176. people whom we are trying to assist attention in our schools. He's referring to Lyda, Gedion P., Jr., 54065042. such less familiar languages as Amharic, Marsh, Harold L., RA 06919920. in maintaining their sovereignty. One of the public officials whom I con­ Chuvash, Kurdish, Burmese, and quite a few Martin, John E., RA 16322959. others. Only a few persons in America can McMillan, George, RA 12326889. tacted was the distinguished Director of speak such languages· fluently. Melsness, Earl W., RA 16282172. the central Intelligence Agency, the WILEY'S committee is so concerned about Montejano, Edward, NG 28127358. Honorable Allen . W. Dulles, who indi­ the matter that it engaged the American Moreland, Harry D., 0-0555419. cated his deep recognition of this prob­ Council of Learned -Societies to make a sur­ Mueller, Herbert, RA 16316790. lem of an insufficient number of foreign­ vey of how man_y_ Americans can speak for­ Naranjo, Pete D., RA 19314062. language specialists and his desire for eign languages. It's findings were far from Nolan, Lawrence T., RA 12319287. encouraging. · North, Charles R., RA 15415785. a remedy to this problem. Months have passed, but unfortunate­ The Council found for example, only one Nunnery, Edward D., ER 14260535. American familiar enough with a knowledge Obrien, William F., RA 14285858. ly the remedial action which Director of Thai to carry on a convincing conversation Paillette, Ted Eugene, 4237278. Dulles and other public officials and I in Thailand. Also, only 1 person claimed Faruolo, Salvatore R., 652045. have sought has been lagging. On June complete fluency in Vietnamese, and but 3 Patterson, Joseph H., RA 52033759. . 29, the Hoover Commission Report on indicated proficiency in Burmese. Pickett, Herbert L., RA 16620A. Intelligence Agencies of the Government In all, the Council listed only 25,500 per­ Pizzamiglio, Edward, RA 26333377. pointed up this problem as one of its sons in the United States with professional Potts, Hubert W., 0-2014804. many findings dealing with the United training in languages. That is not many for Pritchett,. Alexander, RA 1'3344545. a Nation with a population well over 150 Purser, Trenton E., RA 14291324. states intelligence effort. The Hoover million. Quentin, Rudy s., RA 19364440. Commission task force stated: Senator WILEY is right in maintaining Radcliff, Warner R., RA 13347491. Lack of adequate linguistic preparation that if Americans are to exchange ideas with Raines, Earl L., RA 15413103. often has proved to be a serious handicap to other countries, we must have people who Ransler, James H., ER 57149266. our representatives abroad. This became can talk their languages. Rockett, Edward M., 058504. painfully apparent during the Korean war. He is also right in contending that it ls Schairb, George D., RA 15271296. · The ability to write and speak the language important that sufficient language scholars Sarnowski, Francis, RA 13285991. fluently. and to interpret foreign words and be available to such Government branches Scott, Howard, 226403. idioms accurately always helps an American as the Central Intelligence Agency, the State Seger, Jake L., Pvt., 115.1464. to get around in an alien land, to win the Department, and the Defense Department. Smith, Robert, Pfc., RA 15274357. confidence of its people, and to understand These agencies should always have at hand Sugrue, Daniel, US 510639,67. them. personnel so famillar with the tongue of a Sweet, Richard L., RA 18260543. foreign land that they could be placed there Tamura, Akira, RA 3771425~. And so the Commission went on to at a moment's notice to deal intelligently Thompson, Jackie R., RA 1831537:1. make as its formal recommendation with any emergency that might arise. Thompson, Paul W., RA 11166974. No. 9: Triplett, James, RA 13322265. Wisconsin'.s Senator has announced his Trollope, Harry B., 0-1688430. That a comprehensive, coordinated pro­ intention to recommend to the next Con­ gram be developed to expand linguistic train­ gress a greatly stepped up language training Truscott, David J., RA 16284907. program. He deserves all-out support on Walter, Arthur E., US 53001801.. ing among American citizens serving the in- this commendable effort. Warren, Edgar O., Pvt. 2, RA 15294163. telligence effort; and · Warrington, John M., RA 14313938. That the Department of Defense expand Wayland, John N., RA 13321136. and promote language training by offering CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, Webb, Marvin J., RA 19346846. eredi t toward Reserve commissions to ROTC OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR, students and drill credit to Reserve person­ Wetmore, Carl E., RA 15260289. Washington, D. c., October 9, 1954. Whirley, Bobby G., 1324900. nel for completion of selected language courses. The Honorable ALEXANDER WILEY, White, John P., Pfc., 1234100. United States Senate, Wiese, Eugene A., RA 46082739. By way of further background on this Washington, D. C. Wildinson, Joseph M., RA 13328571. subject, I send to the desk the text of an DEAR SENATOR WILEY: This is in response Williams, Victor K., RA 17255863. editorial from the Superior (WisJ . to your letter ·concerning a reservoir o! Willis, Jack J., RA 16303934. . language specialists. It is gratifying to learn Wilson, Theodore R., RA 15214004. Telegram of October 20, 1954, endorsing . of your awareness of a problem which con- Wilson, Winston W., RA 14005329. my effort to overcome the international cerns not only the Central Intelligence Wolfe, Raymond E., ER 52031455. language barrier. I append excerpts Agency but also many other agencies of Gov­ Wright, Kenneth R., RA 15379133. from Director Dulles' reply of the same ernment which must communicate with and Ywung, Gerald R., Cpl., RA 18271945. period. Also included is the text of a · understand foreign peoples. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD- SENATE 11313 You have identified an important element ton (a move now completed-Senator neers' report through the Rivers and Har­ in the overall problem in observing that WILEY). We are experiencing difficulty in bors Board, through the Chief of Engineers, the greatest difficulty lies in connection with locating an adequate number of American through the Secretary of Army, through Bu­ peoples with whom we have had compara­ citizens who can write professionally in a reau of Budget in time to catch the bill tively little contact but who now, or may foreign language for radio broadcasting before it got through the Senate? in the future, occupy a status of great stra­ purposes. June 15 was the deadline-the last meeting tegic significance. Previously, scholarly en­ Fortunately, in our missions abroad, we of the Rivers and Harbors Board. The proj­ deavors in the fields of language and area employ citizens of other countries who are ect could not be authorized-or so we studies in the United States have rather dedicated to the program, who work effective­ thought-without that Board's approval. closely paralleled our commercial interests. ly with their countrymen, and who know The supporting cast went to work. The No doubt there was a time when United sufficient English to serve as a channel of report moved out of Portland in jig time, States commercial interests and the interests communication for us. In an effort to in­ but jig time in this case meant the middle of national security lay in the same areas crease the language knowledge available to of May. and peoples of the world, and our educa­ the Agency, we have installed a modest area The chief's office had been alerted. The tional centers were geared to produce suffi­ and language training program for a few report was sent to the Rivers and Harbors cient language specialists to satisfy both carefully selected American employees. Also Board. At that point one of the chief actors commercial and Government demands. we are installing a modest language training stubbed his toe, and the report was sent With regard to the matter of programs program at selected overseas posts for Amer­ back to the field for further information. which our Government might set in motion ican employees. However, we cannot hope, In the meantime the omnibus bill had to increase the availability of language through these training programs, to attain moved out of the House and into the Senate. specialists, several thoughts occur to me: (1) even an optimum level of language pro­ The next epiEOde took place before the Public the Government might ascertain its require­ ficiency within any reasonable period of time. Worlcs Committee of that so-called august ments in the way of active and reserve I am sure you will excuse my stress on body. On hand was Senator JACKSON and specialists in the various languages; (2) a the immediate importance of language com­ myself. national inventory of language specialists petence to the work of this Agency. I do We sold the committee on the project. might be compiled; (3) a schedule of our re­ recognize its continuing importance to the They voted it into the omnibus bill without sources might be undertaken to determine work of other Government programs. Its im­ clearance from the Rivers and Harbors the adequacy of our educational centers for portance as a vital manpower resource to the Board or Chief of Engineers or Secretary of producing language specialists equal to our United States Government and the Ameri­ Army or Bureau of Budget. As a matter requirements. can people during these times of global emer­ of fact Bureau of Budget did not clear the Since these projects require considerable gency may well warrant the attention and report until about 2 weeks ago. time, the determination of requirements, in­ study of the Congress. The curtain went down on act II. AH ventory and resources would probably re­ Sincerely yours, and sundry declared it a stellar performance. quire about 5 years each. The institution of ABBOTT WASHBURN, The curtain went up on act III. a program of scholarships in 1955 to encour­ Acting Director. Part of the cast decided to risk $373,000 age students to study some of the more ex­ of your hard-earned tax money to start otic languages would contribute nothing to dredging, to gain time, to anchor down this the reservoir of language specialists before oil refinery. The reviews said the curtain 1960. It may well be that the needs of the Dedication Ceremonies at the Tacoma went down on act III with great applause, Government for some years to come can only and I should add, the gnawing of fingernails. be satisfied by a program of training compe­ Waterway, Tacoma, Wash. The question was, Would you ever get the tent, qualified career Government employees $373,000 back? at public expense. The curtain went up on act IV. The In mid-1951 an Inter-Agency Committee EXTENSION OF REMARKS locale is the Senate Appropriations Commit­ on Area and Language Specialists was estab­ OF tee. The supporting cast was meager-my­ lished for the purpose of exploring the prob­ self; outsiders are not allowed when that lem on a Government-wide basis. Copies of HON. ALAN BIBLE "club within a club" is marking up a bill. the initial reports of that committee are en­ OF NEVADA After a fight the committee agreed that the closed. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES project was worthy, that it should be built, In this era of science and technology most and that $646,000 is a small price to pay for of us have become aware of the factor of Friday, July 22, 1955 admission when a $10 million refinery and lead-time in the development of new devices Mr. BIBLE. Mr. President, dedication corollary development is hanging in the and weapons. Lead-time is no less a factor balance. in the development of other national assets, ceremonies were held today in Tacoma, The Senate approved it. We held it in and I trust that you will be encouraged to Wash., at the opening. of the Tacoma conference. The Senate committee had press for a solution of this problem w,hich Waterway. The senior Senator from added the punch line-$373,000 to reimburse you have correctly identified as of great Washington [Mr. MAGNUSON] made an the port of Tacoma for money they had strategic significance to our country. already spent on the project. Sincerely, address on this occasion, and I ask unan­ .ALLEN W. DULLES, imous consent that it be printed in the The curtain goes down on the case of the Director. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. industrial waterway and even when the cast There being no objection, the address came out for a final encore, without the Secretary of Army, Bureau of Budget, and UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, administration approval. Washington, August 27, 1954. ·as follows: It was a great play. All of you here in The Honorable ALEXANDER WJ.L'EY, "The Case of the Industrial Waterway" is Tacoma deserve top billing. · United States .Senate. drama. The finale, however, is only the beginning DEAR SENATOR WILEY: I was pleased to re­ In a play we have to have stars. One of so far as Tacoma is concerned. ceive your letter enclosing an excerpt from them is Maurie Raymond-your own port I like an , occasion like this. This is the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD entitled, "Reser­ commissioner. His supporting cast includes growth and development for Tacoma and voir of Language Specialists." some stellar performers. It is a huge sup­ that's the story we have been having in the The basic function of this Agency ls com­ porting cast. It includes everyone in this Pacific Northwest for the last 2½ decades. munication with people abroad. To be ef­ room, plus the Corps of Engineers, plus the If we weren't dedicating a project, we were fective we must reach them in languages Congress of the United States. planning one, and every one of those proj­ they understand. Finding proficient lan­ The story begins July 1953 when Maurie ects brought in new industries, new people, guage specialists is, as you point . out, a Raymond came to Washington. The Port new optimism, and added to Washington's serious problem for this Agency. The full Industrial Waterway was on dead center. We future. magnitude of our problem can be appreciated needed an economic and engineering survey. But dedicating this project recalls one of when language proficiency and our high em­ The Corps of Engineers said they did not the worst foes we have to face. ployment standards are ta.ken in combina­ have the money. He came to my office-we We congratulate each other on the part tion with the requirements for professional got busy-and 2 weeks later we had an allo­ we played. We recall the history and what competence in communications media and .cation of $5,000. led up to the eventual victory. But there's techniques and for area or country knowl­ Act I was underway. too much of a tendency to consider· this the edge. The number of Americans who can You will remember some of the episodes. end, not the start. offer that combination of skills is indeed The Corps of Engineers held a hearing in The Tacoma Waterway isn't the end of the small. Tacoma. Their engineers and economists line. It shouldn't be the end · of the line. We are now in process of conducting a went to work with the port commission and We should use it to build bigger arid better -civil-service examination for foreign lan­ by March 1954 the district office had a favor­ industries that can be poin_ted to 30 years guage information specialists to staff the able report. from now as an example of what can be language desks in the International Broad­ T~e ~urtain went up on act II. done with planning and work. casting Service. Many of these vital posi­ Action was then focused on the omnibus our Nation is a good example of what I tions will become vacant when the Voice of rivers and· harbors bill. It was moving mean. No question about it, we lead the America moves from New York to Washing- through the House. Could we get the engi- world and mo.st of the world allows us to 11314 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE . July 25 lead. Backward peoples come to us for ideas. mastering new techniques it not only gains build it, is constructed, generators installed, They want to use our skilled personnel. We more skill, but more money; because in dock and the power surging through the lines to are their teachers. No question about it, management, time is money, and the faster Hanford, or its successor; to Boeing and its there is a light in their backward eyes of goods can be moved the more money is avail­ B-52's; and to the thousands of industries not only appr~iation, but actual awe of able for those who utilize the new tech­ which aren't here now, but will be when these what we have been able to do. It is right niques. other dams are completed. Midway in this for that light to be in their eyes, but let us Undoubtedly, the Federal Government is battle for Northwest development, we have not misinterpret it and be so busy taking going to step into the dock modernization allowed ourselves to be stymied, at least we bows that we fail to look at the work undone picture, probably through a matching funds were until Ice Harbor went into the public behind stage. program. And it should, because it's in the works appropriation bill in this 84th Con­ Our Pacific Northwest has had more vis­ national interest to have docks ready for gress. itors of this type than most section of the instantaneous handling of goods in case of We had been so busy accepting congratu­ Nation. They have come to see our system national emergency. I am happy to report lations that we forgot two things: One is, of dams along the Columbia River. They that labor and management stand united in how the dams were obtained to start with, have looked at blueprints and taken them this program of progress. and, secondly, how we are going to get the home to start projects of their own. They Our shipping lags far behind the times. I rest of them. have stood at Seattle-Tacoma Airport, mar­ fought in the last Congress for several pro­ Figures used in the latest attack on our velled at the modern terminal we have con­ totype ships which the Maritime Adminis­ area showed a breakdown of what each citi­ structed. They have gone to the Boeing tration could build to show the way for effi­ zen in the Nation has invested in Pacific Aircraft Co. to see the efficient way we put cient shipping for the next decade or longer. Northwest projects. airplanes together. They have watched arid Those ships should have been off the draw­ Congress has known per capita costs ever acres produce fabulous crops in the Colum­ ing boards and on the ways by this time, but since starting on the Northwest program, bia Basin project, and I think they have they aren't. Perhaps the delay comes under Congress considers that 1.2 billions invested caught some of the spirit from our Pacific the heading of economy, or maybe it's strict­ by the Federal Government in Columbia Northwest leaders who aren't content with ly red tape. But, whatever the reason, we Basin dams, one of the soundest invest­ the past, who won't be content unless the are 'not moving fast enough in this field. ments the people of this Nation have ever future develops at the same pace with the I was still pressing to get the prototype made; for example, the 1954 annual report same results. No one knows better than ships underway when the President came out of the Bonneville Power Administration those who have had a hand in the de·velop­ with his atomic showboat plan. Now that, plainly shows that this investment is being ment of the last 2½ decades that there is in a way, comes back to what I was talking repaid $65 million ahead of schedule. You still plenty to be done. We can never stand about, about being so busy with curtain calls have to look far in the Nation's portfolio still and make achievement. that we forget what we are supposed to be investments to find any more gilt-edged than doing. He wanted an atomic ship to show these. Dams like Grand Coulee, Hungry Before coming to Tacoma, I asked the De­ the rest of the world. I have been calling Horse, Bonneville, McNary, and Chief Joseph partment of Defense, for example, exactly since 1950 for one that would work, that not only pay their own way, repay cost of how much was going to be spent by that would cut costs in shipping, that could iron construction plus interest on the money agency in the State of Washington during out the bugs so atomic engines could be borrowed to build them, but they pay off in fiscal 1956. I got the answer that $282 mil­ installed in our present ships. other respects too. lion is the estimated expenditure in the State of Washington. That breaks down into In other words, I want one that is prac­ Look at the new jobs established in the tical, one tha't during the space of a com­ Pacific Northwest. Look at the B-52's flying these figures: $110 million for the Army; away from Boeing Aircraft Co. because we had $63.6 million for the Navy, and $108.8 million paratively few years can clear the way for for the Air Force. Now that's an example utilizing atomic power on the high seas as we low-cost power to produce the aluminum of what I mean about never standing still. have used it on dry land. that went into the planes. Look at the peo­ To the casual observer driving by Larson Air Of course, there is a long way to go before ple employed in that aluminum industry, Force Base, or the Hanford project, or Fort we get our merchant fleet equiped with How much safer is the Nation today because atomic reactors, but the day will come. we had low-cost power which would make Lewls, or McChord Field, or the Bremerton all this possible. Navy Yard, those projects look pretty com­ We also should be looking ahead to the day plete. Yet, to equip these bases with the of the atomic engine in airplanes. We are not going to stand by and see our housing facilities needed and the latest Those are some of the problems our 20th Pacific Northwest development picture dis­ available technical equipment it's going to century pioneers in industry and Govern­ credited in the eyes of the general public take $282 million this next year to do the ment face right now. There are others. through use of slight-of-hand statistics. Just as you faced problems in getting this We ask the Nation's taxpayers only to ad­ Job. vance the money for such great and worth­ The expansion of the Tacoma Waterway Tacoma Waterway. Before you could effec­ tively move on this project you had to have while projects so that we can utilize the reminds me of the dock modernization pro­ power, pay for it with interest, and provide gram this Nation is going to be forced into public backing. The people of Tacoma had to want this project badly enough to fight employment opportunities for the boys and very shortly. As chairman of the Interstate girls who are growing up in the State of and Foreign Commerce Committee of the for it. It reminds me very much of the way the Columbia River was developed, the way Washington. Senate, I have had occasion to sit down with My chief concern now, is that sitting at industry and labor representatives to dis­ we obtained dams at Bonneville, Grand Cou­ lee, Hungry Horse, Chief Joseph, and Mc­ the dawn of victory, we will be content with cuss dock modernization. The casual ob­ what we have, will spend our time defending server driving by a dock may think the facili­ Nary, and the way we are getting them at that, instead of fighting on until orderly de­ ties are the most modern in the world. Cer­ The Dalles and John Day and Ice Harbor. velopment of the Snake River is achieved, tainly they are better than most, but they We have been shown the course in hydro­ just as we have done on the Columbia River. are not up to the standards we need for electric projects, but suddenly we have been As long as there is 1 kilowatt of energy complete efficiency. confronted with a new problem, which I that can be rung economically from the Co­ For example, most of the cranes at our consider to be apathy. Entirely too many lumbia or the Snake or its tributaries, as docks are between 20 and 30 years old. They of us are resting on laurels at this point. we long as there is 1 plant that needs to be aren't as efficient as the new cranes turned are so busy taking bows for what has been located in the Pacific Northwest from the out. In too many cases we are still doing accomplished, and reciting history to all who standpoint of national security, a higher by hand what should be done by machine. will listen, that we forget there is still a job standard of living, for economic betterment We are moving by stevedore, a piece at a to be done. of this Nation, our job has not been com­ time, what can be done in bulk. We might Our Northwest won't have complete hydro­ pleted and we will be letting down those assume that labor would protest any mod­ electric development until every last dam who had the vision and the courage and the ernization, but it doesn't take that view at that can be built economically and face the stamina to give us this steppingstone to all. It knows that through proficiency in test of paying back the loan advanced to victory.

altar of prayer with a sense of eternal dangerous days in which we live. By SENATE values. We bring our fainting hearts to the warmth of our own spirits help us to contribute to the final dispelling of the MONDAY, JULY 25, 1955 the cool springs of Thy renewing grace. We bring our hands, soiled with the atmosphere of skepticism and suspicion The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown world's uncleanness, to the holiness that in which grow only the rank weeds of Harris, D. D., offered the following shames our ·unworthiness and yet for­ hatred, which so often are rooted in ig­ prayer: norance. Make us willing partners in the gives our iniquities. We bring our rest­ garden of good will, cultivating the Our Father God, like the dew of the less unstableness to the patience that flowers of appreciation and understand­ morning on parched ground, like the outlasts our fickleness. ing which will at last climb over all mystic, quiet summer twilight, steal upon Give us a sobering realization that our dividing walls and make the fields of all our spirits now, we beseech Thee, as at individual attitudes go to make the na­ nations blossom as the rose. We ask it another week's beginning we bow at this ·tional and international climate of these in the dear Redeemer's name. Amen.