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76°W 68°W 60°W 52°W Barquisimeto Pedernales ARAGUA S.Juan de Los Morros Maturín MAGDALENA CESAR LARA ZULIA S.Carlos Aragua de Barcelona TRUJILLO Trujillo PN Delta del Orinoco Sincelejo MONAGAS COJEDES Guanare ANZOÁTEGUI Tucupita PORTUGUESA GUÁRICO Warao Montería SUCRE Cojedes Mérida Barinas PANAMÁ BOLÍVAR Guárico Sierra Imataca Curiapo AMAZONIA 2009 MÉRIDA Ciudad Guayana Arawak NORTE DE O BARINAS ORINOC CÓRDOBA SANTANDER Kar i'ña DELTA AMACURO Apure El Palmar Mabaruma Caroní Upata Cúcuta TÁCHIRA Ciudad Bolívar S.Cristóbal S.Fernando de Apure Kar i'ña BARIMA-WAINI PROTECTED AREAS Apure Caicara del Orinoco Guasipati Ciudad Piar Maripa Kar i'ña Anna Regina VENEZUELA Hi wi El Callao Tumeremo Bucaramanga POMEROON- Embalse de Guri SUPENAAM OCEANO ATLÂNTICO APURE Hi wi Arauca BOLÍVAR E'ñapa C Georgetown uy uni INDIGENOUS TERRITORIES ANTIOQUIA SANTANDER ARAUCA Akawayo CUYUNI-MAZARUNI Hi wi Caroní M Bartica Mapoy o Paragua a Medellín za MUMA Noord Saramacca ru ni New Amsterdam MUMA Noord Coronie MUMA North Commewijne - Marowijne Puerto Carreño MN Sierra Maigualida MUMA Bigi Pan Hi wi RN Coppename 6°N Curri pac o MNCerro Guanay Nieuw Nickerie Monding Nieuw Amsterdam RN Galibi CHOCÓ o MN Cerro Guaiquinima c MN Serranía o RN Wia-Wia b Quibdó o Piapoc o Yutajé/Coro-coro i u PNR de la Guyane - Pôle Ouest n i Groningen Paramaribo BOYACÁ r q Puerto Ayacucho RN Peruvia e O MN Cerro RNHertenrits RN Wane Kreek Galibi RN Amana MN Piedra Pintada s SARAMACCA Onverwacht s ARIE Mana Tunja Yavi MN Cerro CORONIE E RN Boven- SN Marais de Yiyi MN Piedra La Tortuga PN Canaima Venamo Yabarana NICKERIE Coesewijne RN Copi Albina CASANARE MN Cerro Camani UPPER Saint-Laurent RISARALDA Meta VICHADA y Morrocoy Sáliva Galibi CALDAS Yopal Piaroa San Juan de Manapiare DEMERARA-BERBICE Arawack de Balate Ye'kuana y Yanomami MN Cadena de PN Kaieuter PARA í Kourou Manizales Tepuyes Orientales RN Brinck-heuvel n Isla de Ratón PN do o CUNDINAMARCA r Ríos Tomo y Weberi Pemón Monte Roraima a Galibi Cayenne Mako o M MN Crique Punta Santa Teresita del Tuparro g PNN Brownsberg n Voltaire RN Île du Grand Connétable i COLOMBIA Bandera t Merey, La Veraita o Pereira MN Macizo Cuao-Sipapo Embalse RBiF Lucifer Pali kur Bogotá Vichada MN Cerro Ichúm y Cerro Guanacoco Santa Elena de Uairén C San Luis del Tomo y Cerro Moriche Dékou-Dékou RN Kaw-Roura Armenia POTARO-SIPARUNI Dam RN Trinité Valdiv ia SAINT-LAURENT Muco Mayoragua Guacamayas MN Macizo PN Jaua-Sarisariñama Arawack Mako Parú-Euaja Palikur de Favard QUINDÍO Mamiy are Iwokrama DU-MARONI Ibagué Ríos Muco y Guarrojo Ventuari Yanam Raposa/Serra do Sol BROKOPONDO MN Abattis Kotika BOGOTÁ, D.C. Puinave PN Amazonie Kawaneruba Selva de Matavén C o de Guyane Villavicencio Curri pac o Santa Inês u Sanema e Iwiwi r Jum iná Saracure y Piapoc o Curri pac o Ye'k uana a m RN Nouragues MN Sierra n a PN Amazonien San Fernando de Atabapo t n Rí o Cada Mako Marutaní Ananás Normandia y i de Guyane Baniva Sanema São RN Central Suriname r y Flores n u CAYENNE Puinave R e S n Inírida Marc os epunu o k PN do Cabo Orange Sombrero Laguna Niñal, Cocuy, PN Yacapana Ye'k uana y Cajueiro ni h o Oiapoque VALLE DEL CAUCA Curri pac o a p Yanomami SIPALIWINI n FRENCH a El Unuma Cali-Barranquilla Loma Baja y Alta Conceição do Maú a y Almidón- Curri pac o Araçá p a O Uaçá I e II TOLIMA O T e Villa Lucia META Chocón La Ceiba rin PN Duida Marahuaka GUYANA u o AMAZONAS Ouro GUIANA q El Ti gr e Chigüiro c Ondas del Cafre Piapoc o o EE de Pium Bonfim o Cali Maracá Anta p Ríos Atabapo Piaroa SURINAME Boni, a Minitas-Miralindo ra i Yeral e Jaboti Lethem O Los Planes Concordia e Inírida La Esmeralda ico ém éri llons Comm unauté Laguna Araguato y ra r Mangueira 1 Piapoc o U Truaru 0 et wayana -4 amérindienn Barranco Ceiba Baniva R Manoá Macuare Rí o Siare Sucuba B de Camopi Neiva Cuenca Media y Alta del Inírida Curri pac o Yanomami Pium Em ér illons La Julia Curri pac o Alto Alegre Boa Vista í Corocoro Maroa Raim undão n PNN Cord. de UPPER TAKUTU-UPPER ESSEQUIBO a Guaviare GUAINÍA uca Moskow t ja o i los Picachos Baniva M í L www.raisg.socioambiental.org e b Tonina-Cejal- Warequena r PN Parima-Tapirapecó FN de Malacacheta i G a u FE (D) do Amapá PNN Sierra de La Macarena u i Popayán u Roraima q HUILA S.José del Guaviare San José a iq in Muriru e PN Amazonien de Guyane PNN Tinigua Barrancón s s í a MN Cerro Altami ra Inírida a s CAUCA Nuk ak -Makú Parte Alta del Río Guainía Bajo Río Guainía C Vinilla Mucajaí la E e Wayanpis u La Asunción y Río Negro Baniva Yanomam z e S.Vicente del Caguán Yanomami n Cuenca Media de Inírida RN Puinawai e EAST BERBICE-CORENTYNE V EE Maracá Jipioca San Carlos r RN Sipaliwini GUAVIARE y Papunahua Jac amim o PN Montanhas do Tumucumaque ILHA DE MARACÁ de Río Negro p Zit-Set del Quecal RN Nukak Llanos de Yarí- n San Pablo- La Yuquera Ríos Cuiarí e Isana ó AMAPÁ Baré i Nassa Ki we Yaguará II Curri pac o Caracaraí c NARIÑO El Par á MN Sierra EE de a El Itilla m Florencia Unturán BR-210 Caracaraí a cl PNN Doña Yeral e Tumucumaque Juana-Cascabel Puerto r Indigenous Territories n Hondur as Barranquillita e Sibundoy y Parte Alta Nare RBi Lago Piratuba a PNN Alto Fragua- I MN Piedra San Luis Cartagena del Chairá ç Wai-Wai n Indiwasi Mitú a de Cocuy MN Serranía Tapirapecó o n EE de Z FN do Amapá Pasto Lagos del Dorado, Arara-Bacatí- Va y Cerro Tamacuari FE (D) Mocoa El Cedrito upé a Baré Niquiá RBi (D) PNN Serrania de s PE (D) Serra do Araçá PN do Viruá Maicuru do Amapá officially recognized, in the process of being recognized, official recognition Getuc há del Paso y Cararú- EE (D) do Grão-Pará Los Churumbelos Cucuí PN Serrania La Neblina Yanomami Esmeraldas Caguán El Rem anso Lagos de Waiãpi La Fl or ida demanded by indigenous communities, areas of traditional occupation and use Jam ai curú (1)") Sim orna Solita Yavilla II RBi (D) do Parazinho PNN P.M. PN Serra Serra do Navio Orito Ingi Ande PUTUMAYO C da Mocidade FN de CAQUETÁ Vaupés Oriental u Tulcán Puerto CaicedoVilla Catalina de Solano b Anauá country category ESMERALDAS VAUPÉS até CARCHI Orito Puerto Rosario PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete Iauaretê 4 7 Rio Paru D'Este Bolivia Community Lands of Origin (Tierras Comunitarias de Origen) Buenavis ta Alto Rio Negro 1 BP Puerto Asís Balaio - Ibarra R B Shuar P P FE (D) do Amapá Brazil Indigenous Lands (Terras Indígenas) u RORAIMA a IMBABURA tu Calarc á Witor á REc Cofá Tiq r m uié Uau u RDS (D) do Rio Iratapuru Bermejo a pés Nueva Loja y PNN La Paya d Colombia Indigenous Reservations (Resguardos Indígenas) Kichwa Cofan o Zo'é e Macapá PICHINCHA Kichwa Aguas Negras PN do Pico i Trombetas/Mapuera L Kichwa n e i Ecuador Ancestral Possessions (Posesiones Ancestrales) 0° da Neblina s Mazagão o t REc Cayambe Coca Shuar São Gabriel da Cachoeira m SUCUMBÍOS e c Quito Shushufindi Yarí e FE (D) do Trombetas BP La Joya de n u Puerto Leguízamo Médio Rio Negro II D r Jari Afuá Guyana [no information] Kichwa Andoque de A a los Sachas RPF Cuyabeno pap r u REx Marinha El Chaco o c Sto.Domingo de Siona Shuar Puerto Sábalo y Aduc he ris Santa Isabel do Rio Negro B de Soure RBi Limoncocha Sekoya e REx Marinha de Tracuateua French Guiana Areas of Collective Use Rights for the Benefit of Local Communities Los Colorados Orellana Siona Soplin Vargas Los Monos Monoc hoa p PN Sumaco re Baeza Kichwa Ri o Tea E EE do Jari REx Mãe Grande REx Marinha de Caeté-Taperaçu MANABÍ PN Napo Galeras ZR Gueppi do Curuçá (Zones de droits d'usage collectifs au profit des communautés locales) Cotopaxi Nunuya de FE (D) do Paru Sta. Cruz do Arari Lago Arari REc Antisana Loreto Yaigoje Apaporis uriari Tea REx do Rio Cajari Shuar Kichwa Caquetá Villazul Curic REx Maracanã REx Marinha de Araí-Peroba PE (D) Marinho do Peru Native Communities (Comunidades Nativas) Kichwa N RDS Itatupã- Parcel Manuel Luis EC UAD OR NAPO Kichwa Kichwa Médio Rio Negro I E Vigia Archidona ORELLANA G Nhamundá-M apuera Baquiá Manta COTOPAXI RO REx Marinha Kichwa Cabo Pantoja Mirití Paraná de Gurupi-Piriá Suriname [no information] Nuevo Rocafuerte rié Anajás REx de São Portoviejo Latacunga Kichwa Shuar a Waimiri-Atroari ILHA DE MARAJÓ Tena M Barcelos Cachoeira Porteira João da Ponta REx Chacoaré - Mato Grosso Venezuela Areas of Indigenous Occupation (Zonas de Ocupación Indígena) PN LLanganates Napo RBi do Uatumã FN de Mulata REx Mapuá Waorani Puerto Córdoba RBi do Rio Trombetas REx Tagaeri-Taromenane Rio Apapóris Ambato Kichwa Predio Putumayo Caquetá Cuiuni FN de Mulata Gurupa- FE (D) de Gurupá Melgaco Ponta de Pedras RPF Chimborazo Mera (Zona Intangible) Uneiuxi Belém LOS RÍOS Puyo Curaray PNN Cahuinarí Vila Bittencourt Faro REx Terra Guaranda PN Yasuní Almeirim Grande Pracuuba Muana PE (D) de Belém !( Kichwa Cononaco Curare Los Ingleses Barcarena uam REx de Cururupu indigenous communities whose territories are not recognized Paraná Boá-Boá Maraã/Urubaxi Represa de G á PASTAZA Napo Tigre AMAZONAS REx do Rio Unini Porto de Moz Babahoyo BOLÍVAR Palora Bobonaza Balbina FN Saracá-Taquera Breves Riobamba Zápar a (Propuesta) Jap urá (Lago Jutaí) Paraná do Oriximiná Curralinho Shuar Lago Paricá PE (D) Monte Prainha Abaetetuba Alegre Moju country category Japurá REx Óbidos Acará GUAYAS Presidente Figueiredo Alenquer X Portel Oeiras do Pará PNN Río Puré EE Juami-Japurá Auati-Paraná i C AMAZONAS n Peru communities registered or awaiting registration CHIMBORAZO ur g REx Quilombo Frexal a PE (D) do R.
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    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2014) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Multilocus molecular phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with a focus on subfamily Hypostominae ⇑ Nathan K. Lujan a,b, , Jonathan W. Armbruster c, Nathan R. Lovejoy d, Hernán López-Fernández a,b a Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada b Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada c Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada article info abstract Article history: The Neotropical catfish family Loricariidae is the fifth most species-rich vertebrate family on Earth, with Received 4 July 2014 over 800 valid species. The Hypostominae is its most species-rich, geographically widespread, and eco- Revised 15 August 2014 morphologically diverse subfamily. Here, we provide a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic reap- Accepted 20 August 2014 praisal of genus-level relationships in the Hypostominae based on our sequencing and analysis of two Available online xxxx mitochondrial and three nuclear loci (4293 bp total). Our most striking large-scale systematic discovery was that the tribe Hypostomini, which has traditionally been recognized as sister to tribe Ancistrini based Keywords: on morphological data, was nested within Ancistrini. This required recognition of seven additional tribe- Neotropics level clades: the Chaetostoma Clade, the Pseudancistrus Clade, the Lithoxus Clade, the ‘Pseudancistrus’ Guiana Shield Andes Mountains Clade, the Acanthicus Clade, the Hemiancistrus Clade, and the Peckoltia Clade.
  • Some Word-Order Correlation Are Lineage Specific

    Some Word-Order Correlation Are Lineage Specific

    The evolution of word-order universals: Some word-order correlation are lineage specific - others might be universal Gerhard Jäger, Gwendolyn Berger, Isabella Boga, Thora Daneyko & Luana Vaduva Tübingen University Association for Linguistic Typology, Canberra December 15, 2017 Jäger et al. (Tübingen) Word-order Universals ALT2017 1 / 26 Introduction Introduction Jäger et al. (Tübingen) Word-order Universals ALT2017 2 / 26 Introduction Word order correlations Greenberg, Keenan, Lehmann etc.: general tendency for languages to be either consistently head-initial or consistently head-final alternative account (Dryer, Hawkins): phrases are consistently left- or consistently right-branching can be formalized as collection of implicative universals, such as With overwhelmingly greater than chance frequency, languages with normal SOV order are postpositional. (Greenberg’s Universal 4) both generativist and functional/historical explanations in the literature Jäger et al. (Tübingen) Word-order Universals ALT2017 3 / 26 Introduction Phylogenetic non-independence languages are phylogenetically structured if two closely related languages display the same pattern, these are not two independent data points ) we need to control for phylogenetic dependencies (from Dunn et al., 2011) Jäger et al. (Tübingen) Word-order Universals ALT2017 4 / 26 Introduction Phylogenetic non-independence Maslova (2000): “If the A-distribution for a given typology cannot be as- sumed to be stationary, a distributional universal cannot be discovered on the basis of purely synchronic statistical data.” “In this case, the only way to discover a distributional universal is to estimate transition probabilities and as it were to ‘predict’ the stationary distribution on the basis of the equations in (1).” Jäger et al. (Tübingen) Word-order Universals ALT2017 5 / 26 The phylogenetic comparative method The phylogenetic comparative method Jäger et al.
  • Prayer Cards | Joshua Project

    Prayer Cards | Joshua Project

    Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Abkhaz in Ukraine Abor in India Population: 1,500 Population: 1,700 World Popl: 307,600 World Popl: 1,700 Total Countries: 6 Total Countries: 1 People Cluster: Caucasus People Cluster: South Asia Tribal - other Main Language: Abkhaz Main Language: Adi Main Religion: Non-Religious Main Religion: Unknown Status: Minimally Reached Status: Minimally Reached Evangelicals: 1.00% Evangelicals: Unknown % Chr Adherents: 20.00% Chr Adherents: 16.36% Scripture: New Testament Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Apsuwara - Wikimedia "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Achuar Jivaro in Ecuador Achuar Jivaro in Peru Population: 7,200 Population: 400 World Popl: 7,600 World Popl: 7,600 Total Countries: 2 Total Countries: 2 People Cluster: South American Indigenous People Cluster: South American Indigenous Main Language: Achuar-Shiwiar Main Language: Achuar-Shiwiar Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Minimally Reached Status: Minimally Reached Evangelicals: 1.00% Evangelicals: 2.00% Chr Adherents: 14.00% Chr Adherents: 15.00% Scripture: New Testament Scripture: New Testament www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Gina De Leon Source: Gina De Leon "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Adi in India Adi Gallong in India