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Facilities for Study and Research in the Offices of the United States Government at Washington. Bulletin

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Facilities for Study and Research in the Offices of the United States Government at Washington. Bulletin I UNITED STATES BUREAU OFEDUCATION BULLETIN, 1909: NO. 1 . WHOLE NUMBER 398 FACILITIES FOR STUDYAND RESEARCH IN THE OFFICES OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AT WASH INGTON By ARTHUR TWINING HADLEY PRESIDENT OF YALE UNIVERSITY I.:- II . 1 4 9 3 3 5 JAN 1 2 1911 a 14' CONTENTS. Pe" LATTER OF TRANSMITTAL Brief history 7 Administration versus education 9 Existing facilities for study and research 11 . Facilities available for the general public 11 Arrangements for the training of CIMSSeS 14, 'Opportunities for individual research 15 Obstacles to student research S ' 17 1. The space difficulty 17 2. The administrative difficulty 18 3. The educational difficulty 19 Conclusions 21 APPENDIX. ,Form of inquiry by the Bureau of Education. 22 Letter of the Secretary of the Interior 23 Replies received: library of Congress 25 Departmen't of State Sureairof Indexvi and Archives Bureau of Rolls and Library 29 Treasury Departanent Public Health and litarine-Ilospital Service 30 Department of Justice - Library ,32 War Deriartment Library of the Surgeon-General's Office 32 Museum of the Surgeon-General's %Ace .33 Office of the Chief of Staff 34 Bureau of Insular Affairs 34 Navy Department Hydrographic Office 36 Naval Observatory.-, ' 35 Naval Medical School 36 Library and Naval War RToriaN. 38 Department of the Interior' General Lana Office 37 .Patent Office 1 37 Bureau of Education 38 Geological survey 40 Reclamation Service 4, 40 Government Hoepital for the Insane 41 3 4 CONTENTS. Replies receivedContinued. 'Page. Department of A griculture Weather Bureau 42 Bureau of Animal Industry 42 Bureau of Plant Industry 42 Forest Service 44 Bbreau of Chemistry 44 Bureau of Soils 45 Bureau of Entomology 46 Biological Survey 47 Office of Experiment Stations 48 Office of Public Roads 49 Library Department of Commerce and Labor. Bureau of Corporations 51 Bureau of Manufactures 52 Bureau of Labor Bureau of the Census 54 Coast and Geodetic Survey r 55 Bureau of Fisheries 56 Bureau of Standards 57 Bereau of Statistics , 58 Interstate Commerce Commission 59 International Bureau of the American Republics 62 Isthmian Canal Commission 63 Botanic Garden 83 Smithsonian Institution 63 National Museum 64 Bureau of AmericanEthnology 66 National Zoological Park 67 Astrophysical Observatory 67 Bureau forothe International Catalogue of Scientific Literature '68. INDEX 69 4k a I LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL-. DEPARTMENTfly THE INTERIOR, BUREAU: OF EDUIPATION, a8hington ,1" oventher .10, 1908. Sin: I have the honor to transmit herewitha report prepared by President Hadley, of Yale University,on the facilities for advanced study and research in the offices ofthe National Goverinnent at Washington, and to recommend its publicationas a number of the Bulletin of the Bureau of Education. Especial interest attaches to this publication,and I am confident that it will be widely useful.It sets forth, in compact form, infor- mation which has frequently been sought byinstitutions and indi- viduals engaged in scientific research,both in our own land and in foreign lands.In particular, it will answernumerous inquiries which arise in the graduate deprtments ofour American universities. Thlipiest.ion hasbeen asked repeatedly in thecourse of the collec- tion of materials for this number, whether itis intended to have some Bearing upon the effort tosecure the establishment at Washington of a National University. seems proper accordingly to make the following statement : That this publicationis intended merely to convey accurate information concerning a matter of the highestedu- cational interest, and not toserve as an argument, either pro or con, in any special propaganda.Its immediat purpose is to furnish information to advanced students and directorsof research.It is inevitable that it should havean important. Waring upon ally. dis- cussions which may be had in theimmediatefuture touching the establishment of a National University, butit is my intention that its part in any such discussion, shallbe simply' that of a.source of reliable information. rid pursuancbf thispurpose, President. Hadley in his editorial , comment has limited himself to such guardedreferenceto. the National Univeisity movementas seemed ttecesiary to'the cpmplett- nes.s of his brief survey of the materials offered.This definition. of the nonpartisan, purpose .of the publicatioii,with which President Hadley is in full accord, is the onlylimitation which was proposed ,where: the tollected-materialswere placed hislian& for .ditbrial 1,1tgement and review. I - ;. 6 LATTER OF TRANSMITTAL. The thanks of this office are due OA are extended with all hearti- ness to those offices of the Govern'tnent which have furnished the itiformation which ishere- summarized.Every department and (-very independent office of the Government. which was invited by the Secretary of theInterior to furnishsuch informationhas responded without exception.As aresult' the account here pre- sented offers, so far as I am informed, the most complete survey that has ever been made of the facilities for research under governuiental control. provided at our national capital.Wittiont such cooperation the undertaking would have been altogether impracticable. ' It is fit- ting to add that the personal interest nail attention which you have given to the undertaking have greatly facilitated the gathering of he information which is here set forth. , Very respectfully, ELMER r.I.LSWORTTI )1V N 'om m ixsioner. The SECRETARY OF TIIE INT,ERfIrr *FACILITIES FOR STUDY AND RESEARCIt IN THE OFFICES OF THE UNITED STATESGOVERNMENTIr AT WASHINGTON. BRIEF HISTORY. to From the very beginning the United Stites Government has been called upon to provide facilities for advanced study and scientific research; and has shown itself active in meeting these demands. In the year 1890, when the seat of Governmentwas established it Washington. provision was at once made for establishing a library of Congress, under the directcontrol of the United States authorities, which should be the best institution of its kind in the Western Hemi- sphere.In spite of two-fires--one in 1614 and the other in 1851by which the collections of books were destroyed or greatly impaired, these intentnins have been consistently realized.The Library of Congress is not only Ilse largest collection of linoks in the country; it is, of all the large libraries in tlw world, the one whose collection 'are made most readily available for the scient ificlinvestigator of every grade.More than once in the histery of the institution the question has arisen whetter the Library of Congress should l,ttreated, as a circulating library for the casual reader or as a reference library for the serious' student, and the answer has been in favor of the latter Simultaneously with the'et4s-blishment oi the Libra6T atlhe begin- ning of the laSt century diem was a recognition of the scientific ' portance ,of the census, of the probable neeessit4 of government in-. vestiptions in American ethnology, and of the need for the establish- ment of an adequate coast survey.In the year MOO the American Philosophical Society, under the presidency of Thomas Jefferson, presented a jyraortEr6 Congress stating that -``. the decennial census offered an occasion of great value for tilicertaining sundry facts lii*hly itnportant to society and not otherwise.'to be obtain-ea," and praying that this object. might be held in view in taking the next census. `A -similar memorial was presented by the Connecticut Academy of Arta and Sciences during the same year.Six years later the project of a cues irvey was taken' up by Secretary Gallatin and received the sanction of law in 1807. 8 FACILITIES FOR STUDY, ETC., IN WASHINGTON. The re.;ults of these early endeavors were not wholly satisfactory. The war with Great Britain and the political and material develop- ments whichnfollowed it turned men's minds in other directions. Though the census schedules were.someWhat enlarged, the methods employed were faulty *lid the results obtained were of little value until after 1830.The work of the Coast Sarvey during these years, in spite of the ability of its superintendent, Mr. Ilassler, was scarcely more effective. But about 1840 there was a revival of scientific inter- est and scientific activity on the part of the Government which led to the accomplishment of large results.The census of 1840 showed a distinct improveMent over its predecessors, and twit of 'ISA was a Work of great positive value.The Coast Survey was reeganized in 1843 under the headship of Proftessor Bache;and its'Work was 'islaid with vigor and success.The Naval Observatory, established in 1843 under the title of "A Depot of qbats'and Instruments for the Navy," graduall-lieVeloped, into a scientific institution of the firt, rank. The establishment of the Smithsonian Institution in 1840, by which the leading members of the United State:4 Government heiiime respon- A slide for the administration ofa, large trust, for the increase and diffusion of knoWleke, marked another step in the direction of public encouragement of research.. After the year 1850 scientific interests at Washington :ere again somewhat crowded out by political ones.The ,good work of the institutions just described was continued, but few new ones weret established(if we except the Weather Bureau, the Ilydrographic Office, and certain specific surveys of importance)..until after 'the close of the reconstruction period. , , - 11 The organization of the Unite 41States Geological Survey in 1879 can perhaps be taken as &irking he beginning
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