Preservation, Education, and Commemoration Vol. 54, No. 1 Winter 2014-2015 PULL TOGETHER Newsletter of the Naval Historical Foundation The Recognition Issue!

Commodore Dudley W. Knox Medal Recipient John B. Hattendorf As sketched by Director Emeritus J. William Middendorf II Related Stories on pages 3, 6, and 10

Also in this issue: Navy Reserve Centennial Book, pp. 12–14; Navy Museum News, pp. 15–18; Naval History News, pp. 19 –21; News from the NHF, pp. 22–24; Upcoming Symposia, p. 25; Calls for Papers, pp. 26–27; Documents, pp. 28–30 Message From the Chairman TThehe CCommodoreommodore DDudleyudley WW.. KKnoxnox LLifetimeifetime AAchievementchievement MMedals:edals:

I appreciate the strong fi nancial support we continue to receive from our loyal PPartart ooff a GGrowingrowing RRecognitionecognition EEffortffort members, particularly the donations received during last year’s year-end appeal. ne of the outcomes of a with Mrs. Ingrid Beach serving as complete a master’s degree in You’ll recall that our annual letter was distributed in the wake of the workplace strategic review of NHF a co-presenter of the award. For security studies, after which he violence that occurred here at the NAVSEA headquarters in the Part of a Growing Recognition Effort functions in the wake of 2014, Midshipman First Class will report to Pensacola, Fla., for Navy Yard. At that time, nothing was clear on the long-range security impact O Adm. Bruce DeMars accepting Matthew C. Huffman, a History fl ight training. of that tragic event, which even now is still evolving. We had known since the the foundation’s chairmanship in Department Honors graduate, Beginning in 1999, the NHF terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, that access to the Yard and the Navy 2008 was an emphasis to expand earned the award in recogni- has also sponsored a $500 naval Museum would become more challenging. Even with the September 2013 event, recognition programs to encour- tion of his research paper on the history prize at National History Navy leadership and the Naval History and Heritage Command, supported by age and reward naval historical role played by naval aviation in Day held each June at the Uni- your Foundation, have been proactively engaged in identifying minimal risk scholarship. the pre-World War II defense versity of Maryland in College access strategies such as opening the museum building directly to the publicly At the time of the strategic re- of the Panama Canal. Follow- Park. National History Day is accessible Anacostia Riverwalk Trail. Just as important, we at NHF strive to view, the NHF offered the Capt. ing graduation Huffman headed the culminating event of a week deliver naval heritage to Americans where they are, through website outreach Edward L. Beach Jr. Naval His- for graduate school at George- of activities in the nation’s capi- and clever use of social media. With your support, our digital content developer tory Award in recognition of out- town University where he will tal for secondary school students Matt Eng will continue to increase our virtual museum attendance at our www. standing scholarship conducted who earned the opportunity usnavymuseum.org website. by a history major midship- man attending the U.S. Na- to come to Washington, D.C., val Academy. The recipient through successful partici- Within this edition of Pull Together we highlight NHF activities such as our of the Beach Prize received pation in State History Day educational outreach programs and special commemorative events, as well as a plaque and certifi cate. The competitions. Michelle Ow new publications including Dave Winkler’s Navy Reserve retrospective titled award was fi rst presented in of Pensacola, Fla., was the in- Ready Then, Ready Now, Ready Always. As part of our expanding awards and May 2001 to Midshipman augural winner of this award prizes program, I congratulate Drs. John Hattendorf, Harry Langley, Bill Dudley, with her paper “Forging a and Craig Symonds for their receipt in September of our Foundation’s Commo. Andrew T. Roy for his thesis New Era through Ironclad Dudley W. Knox Naval History Lifetime Achievement Medal. Given all that we paper titled “Sailors as Diplo- have accomplished, and all that we have planned for the year ahead, I hope you mats: The Navy Technology.” will continue to be generous in your support! May you have a grand holiday in Bahrain, 1971-1977.” After the strategic re- season and a happy new year in 2015! The Beach Prize con- view, the NHF’s leadership tinues as an integral part of agreed to name the National Bruce DeMars spring awards ceremonies History Day Prize for its for- Midshipman Huffman fl anked by Captain mer executive director who at the Naval Academy, often Todd Creekman and Ingrid Beach

2 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 3 initiated NHF involve- their families. They 2013 at the McMullen His- A&M University, and Mid- ment with the national spent countless hours tory Symposium at the U.S. shipman Grant Knox of the event, Capt. Ken Cos- doing research in oth- Naval Academy with Admi- University of Minnesota. For key. With his passing er primary sources to ral DeMars presenting Knox 2014-2015 the prize levels in 2013, the Coskey build their documen- Medals to Drs. Phillip K. will be adjusted to a $1,000 family offered to in- tary. Abayo and Gib- Lundeberg, William N. Still grand prize and fi rst and sec- crease the size of the ert also took home the Jr., and James C. Bradford. ond place regional prizes award to $2,000 to be fi rst place prize in the For 2014, the Tenth Mar- of $500 and $250 to enable split into two prizes to Junior Group Docu- itime Heritage Conference more midshipmen to receive be presented to the best mentary category, at Norfolk, Va., provided the awards. The NHF still seeks naval history projects/ besting over 100 oth- venue for the second set of permanent fi nancial under- presentations from the er entries from around Knox Medal presentations. writers for both the Knox Senior Division (high the nation. As shown in the lead picture, Medal and Dunn Prizes. school level) and Ju- For 2015, with the DeMars presented With the recommence- The Senior Division winners fl anked by presenters nior Division (middle National History Day awards to Drs. John B. Hat- ment of the Spring Wash- Rosemary Coskey and Charles Chadbourn school level). theme being “Leader- tendorf, Craig L. Symonds, ington Awards Dinner next This past June the two aviators, Navy Commander ship and Legacy in His- Harold D. Langley, and Wil- April as a joint endeavor of Senior Division Prize money Porter Halyburton and Air Force tory” and in honor of the 2015 visit liam S. Dudley. the NHF and the National was shared between Katharine Colonel Fred Cherry who sur- to the United States of the replica Early in 2015, the NHF Maritime Historical Society Journaey, Mark Cochran, Han- vived imprisonment at the in- French Navy frigate L’Hermione, will request nominations (NMHS), the NHF is initiat- nah McDonnell, Colby Gould, famous Hanoi Hilton. Cherry, projects dealing with the Marquis from the membership to aug- Lieutenant Daren McCulley (right) ing the NHF Distinguished and Emily Pierce for a documen- an African American pilot from de Lafayette will be eligible for ment the current pool of pre- presents Midshipmen Burns with the Vice Service Award, which will tary they produced entitled The Southside , was badly these special naval history prizes. vious nominees. Name(s) of Admiral Dunn Grand Prize recognize individuals who Golden 13: Civil Responsibility injured and received no medical L’Hermione carried Lafayette to the 2015 awardees will be have given strong support to before Self. The team from Ex- attention whatsoever. Halybur- the United States in 1780 with the announced at the June NHF an- they can also be offered to non- naval history and heritage pro- eter High School in Exeter, N.H., ton, a North Carolina native, pledge from the French government nual meeting and medal presen- NROTC programs that offer an grams. Chief of Naval Opera- conducted 10 months of research was thrown into the Air Force of troops, naval support, and fund- tation will again occur during the Introduction to Sea Power course tions, Adm. Jonathan Greenert, and preparation of the documen- offi cer’s cell and told to take ing, which was crucial to victory in September USNA McMullen Na- such as the U.S. Air Force Acad- has accepted the invitation to tary, which earned the Senior care of him. Abayo and Gibert the American Revolutionary War. val History Symposium, perhaps emy where NHF member Dr. be on hand at the National Press Group Documentary award as obtained oral history interviews In 2013, the NHF also initiat- at an NHF awards banquet. Chuck Steele offers the course Club on the evening of 23 April well as a National Archives with both former prisoners as ed the Commo. Dudley W. Knox With the support of the Naval every other year. Then there is 2015 to be the fi rst recipient of award at the New Hampshire well as other POW survivors and Lifetime Achievement Medal to Service Training Command, the the end-of-spring-semester es- the award. Beginning with his state competition. recognize a lifetime NHF initiated yet another rec- say contest, which offers a grand fi rst podcast to the fl eet that was For the Junior Divi- body of work in the ognition program in late 2013: prize for top papers submitted staged at the Navy Museum, Ad- sion, Jethro Abayo and fi eld of naval history. the Vice Adm. Robert F. Dunn from the fi rst year Introduction miral Greenert has been a strong Logan Gibert of Pleas- Criteria for selection Awards in support of NROTC to Sea Power course offered by supporter of the Navy’s com- ant Valley Middle included the nominee’s units across the country. The pro- the various NROTC units. For mitment to improve its heritage School in Vancouver, contributions to naval gram offers two levels of recogni- the fi rst essay competition cy- resources as evidenced by the Wash., split the $1,000 history scholarship, his tion. Professors of Naval Science cle, a grand prize of $2,500 was recent increase of budget and award for their docu- or her mentorship to fu- can order “instant gratifi cation” presented to Midshipman Jas- staffi ng at the Naval History mentary Vietnam Pris- ture scholars, and that certifi cates from the NHF for per Burns of Boston University and Heritage Command. Op- oners of War: Taking individual’s leadership immediate presentation at unit for his paper “Merits of Corbet- portunities to sign on as a dinner Responsibility When in organizations sup- award ceremonies in recogni- tian Doctrine Pre-WWI”; three sponsor can be arranged through Deprived of All Rights. porting naval/military/ tion of outstanding naval history regional prizes of $500 were dinner co-chairs Capt. James In this compelling fi lm, maritime history. The scholarship from freshmen to presented to Midshipman Di- Noone and Dr. William Dudley. Jethro and Logan fo- inaugural presentation senior midshipmen. Because the ana Vought of the University of Captain Noone can be reached at cused on the story of Junior Division winners Jethro Abayo occurred in September certifi cates are easy to produce, Idaho, Brad Bosserman of Texas [email protected]. and Logan Gibert

4 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 5 how anyone could profess to be- cal Section was placed under his Hooper, and Rear Adm. John D. assigned these men to the Offi ce terests in preserving naval re- Knox Awardee ing a naval historian if he had not control, as it was absorbed into H. Kane, Jr. , who continued pub- of Naval Records and Library. cords and documents and is this attended the Naval War College. the Offi ce of Naval Records and lication of the documents of the By the time I arrived at the something we still need to be Roundtable: I mention this only to show that Library, which in due time, about early Navy’s wars, as seen in the Naval Historical Center several concerned about? the Naval War College was an es- 45 years later, would became the multi-volume Naval Documents of these gentlemen were still ac- n the wake of the Tenth sential stepping stone to higher Naval Historical Center, based in of the and tive as historians and served on Commodore Dudley Knox’s Maritime Heritage confer- command for Knox and many of the . The Naval War of 1812: A Docu- the Secretary of the Navy’s Ad- concern and initiatives for the Ience, the following ques- his generation. He had served at Three years later, in 1930, the mentary History. I was privileged visory Committee on Naval His- preservation of naval records and tions were posed to the Com- the Naval War College as a stu- Secretary of the Navy gave Knox to have been chosen to design, tory, which met annually for two documents resulted in the very modore Dudley W. Knox dent and later, after World War I, another collateral duty, that of be- develop, and lead the latter as a days to provide an independent important contributions that in- Medal recipients: as a faculty member. His studies ing curator for the Navy Depart- team project and consider it my voice and evaluation of the Na- cluded, among others, the Naval and teaching were a formative in- ment, which meant it was his job main contribution to the Navy’s val Historical Center’s progress. Historical Foundation’s early ini- fl uence on him but so also were to identify, collect, and keep track history program. The need for To have scholars and other ex- tiatives in collecting the personal his assignments in the fl eet, espe- of Navy art, artifacts, and rel- primary source naval documents perts available who remembered papers of offi cers that are now in cially his World War I assignment ics that could be of inspirational will continue. They are the bed- Commodore Knox and the work the , the Na- to the staff of Vice Adm. William interest to naval personnel and rock of histories yet to be written. he had done in laying down the tional Archives Record Group 45; S. Sims at the Naval Headquarters civilian supporters of the Navy. A properly selected and anno- foundation of the NHC was an other materials that are now at the in London. This fell into line with Knox’s tated edition of documents takes invaluable benchmark for those Navy Department Library and While there, Knox’s assign- other interest, the nonprofi t Naval much staff time, effort, and ex- of us who carried on the work, the Naval History and Heritage ment was to organize the records Historical Foundation that he had pense. Thus, as John Hattendorf as interpreted by the more re- Command; and several series of of the U.S. Navy’s operations in established with other historically points out, since letter-press edi- cent directors of naval history. I edited historical documents. The Europe. At the war’s end, Knox minded offi cers in 1926. Its pur- tions have become prohibitively believe this committee provided challenge of the tasks that he was in charge of gathering the pose was the collection and pres- expensive, it is clear that digital valuable oversight and kept the inspired has not gone away; in records and shipping them back ervation of naval manuscripts, editions and online publication Secretary informed as to the chal- fact, it has become much more For Dr. William Dudley: Can you to the United States where they books, prints, paintings, and will be the essential method of lenges we faced in terms of staff- complex. Today, many publish- discuss the infl uence of Commo- could be archived and studied as relics and the dissemination of publishing in the future. The ing, fi nances, and the fulfi llment ers fi nd it much too expensive dore Dudley W. Knox on your object lessons for the future. In knowledge about the Navy’s his- present National Museum of the of our historical mission. The to undertake the publication of career and the Naval Historical 1921, the Department ordered tory. In the future, the Foundation developed re-establishment of this com- annotated, scholarly editions of Center? Captain Knox to take charge of would work in cooperation with from small naval displays of col- mittee now would be a timely letters, reports, diaries, and other the Offi ce of Naval Records and the ONRL to further the cause lected artifacts and prints into step in view of the Navy Inspec- primary source reference materi- When I arrived at the Naval Library. It was at this time that he of U.S. naval history. During the the U.S. Navy Museum, which tor General’s 2012 report and als that historians urgently need Historical Center in 1977, Com- found himself also in charge of 1930s, Knox initiated the publica- opened in 1963 under the aegis of consequent events, which have to produce good written histories. modore Knox was fully estab- the Historical Section of the De- tion of two series of documentary Admiral Eller, strongly supported resulted in personnel changes, At the same time, the writing of lished as a legend. He had retired partment which had been estab- volumes, making use of the col- by former CNO Admiral Arleigh increased funding, and a long- letters, diaries, and battle reports long before and several interven- lished in the Chief of Naval Op- lected documents and prints rep- Burke. The Operational Archives needed overhaul of the NHHC’s has become a rare form of com- ing directors had served, but my erations’ offi ce during the war for resenting the United States’ un- of my tenure (1977-2004) had infrastructure. munication in the 21st century. immediate boss then was Dr. the sole purpose of collecting and declared Naval War with France, grown enormously from the days While collecting, preserving, and William J. Morgan, a Navy re- maintaining World War I records 1798-1800, and the Wars with the of Commodore Knox, who had making these materials available serve offi cer and World War II generated in Washington. As Barbary States of North Africa, retired in 1946. In the days before for research remains an essential veteran who had already been at there was no National Archives 1801-1807. This was the product World War II, he had foreseen the task for materials from the past, th the NHC for 25 years when I met at the time, the early 19 -century of a fruitful collaboration with need for such expansion based on they have been replaced by elec- him. He told me that the retired records of the Navy Department President Franklin Delano Roos- his experiences in handling the tronic communications in record- Knox had spoken to him when he had been located in the State, War, evelt who was an avid collector of World War I documentation. He ing more recent events. Archi- fi rst arrived and asked about his and Navy Building, but in 1923 old naval documents and prints. was fortunate to have had the as- vists have not yet fully learned educational attainments. When these were moved to the new The Naval Historical Center sistance of well-educated naval how to preserve electronic re- given this information―Fordham “Main Navy” building on Consti- of the 1970s to 2000 was very reservists such as Walter Muir cords indefi nitely or how to make University, B.A., M.A., and Uni- tution Avenue. Step by step, the much the grown-up creation of Whitehill, John Kemble, and them available for research, while versity of Southern California, Navy’s records were co-located Commodore Knox. Among his Richard Leopold, all of whom had many historians do not yet know Ph.D.―Knox just shook his head under Knox’s area of responsibil- successors were Rear Adm. Er- been budding young historians in For Dr. John Hattendorf: Can how to use electronic records ef- and said wistfully he did not see ity. By 1927, the CNO’s Histori- nest J. Eller, Vice Adm. Edwin B. civilian life. Knox recruited and you address Dudley Knox’s in- fectively.

6 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 7 A large number of personal 1798 during the Quasi-War with offi cers, such as the Simpson who either have a Ph.D. in his- naval records from the 20th cen- France. Between 1798 and 1922, – Schley controversy, are also tory (very rare) or are willing to tury have recently been coming to 42 Secretaries of the Navy were avoided probably because they spend four years (at full pay, and light as those generations pass on appointed. Knox mentions eight are not inspirational. Although it with the Navy paying all tuition and their descendants look to fi nd of these men, usually in connec- seems likely that the generation and associated costs) to get one, good homes for the permanent tion with one particular accom- that survived the years when the and who are then assigned to the retention of such rich research plishment. Thus Prohibition Amendment to the Naval Academy as professors of materials that bring new dimen- is noted for his role in establishing Constitution was in force would history until they retire. Indeed, sions to our understanding. For the Naval Academy and his orders not be sympathetic to an account fi ve PMPs currently serve in the this the traditional tasks and pro- at the beginning of the Mexican of the abolition of the grog ration, History Department, and one of cedures for archivists and histori- War. William Chandler is credited or the ending of the offi cers’ wine them, Capt. C. C. Felker, serves ans remain in place to deal with According to the preface, Cap- for establishing the Naval War mess, they are a part of naval his- as department chair. A program these materials. On top of them, tain Knox intended “to present a College. But the contributions of tory as well. Dudley Wright Knox had a for Lieutenant Commanders to there are entirely new challenges connected and accurate narrative such men as Abel Upshur, Gideon Knox’s book is enhanced by long and distinguished career as become what are called Junior to face in digitization of old paper of all important naval events in Welles, and are the reproduction or redrawing of a naval offi cer, winning the Navy PMPs is less generous and cur- records to make them more use- American history in readily un- not fully appreciated. But Upshur several authoritative maps, which Cross in the First World War, be- rently requires the applicant to ful and readily available, while derstandable form; to indicate the is quoted with approval in one help to clarify the reader’s un- fore he transferred to the retired earn his/her degree while con- also learning how to use and to close relationship” between naval place, and the infl uence of Welles derstanding of unfolding events. list in order to take the job of Of- tinuing to serve in uniform. preserve records originally cre- affairs and “the political, military on naval strategy in the Civil War All in all Knox produced a well- fi cer in Charge of Naval Records My own case is hardly in- ated in digital form. and other broad aspects of the na- is noted favorably in three places written and factually correct his- at the Washington Navy Yard in structive because it was due al- Several years ago, a small tional life” during war and peace. and with disapproval in one. In tory of the U.S. Navy in a format 1921. It was during his 25-year most entirely to chance and cir- group created a website named A third goal was “to make avail- the case of Josephus Daniels, he that made it accessible to a wide tenure in that job that he became cumstance that I found myself the American Naval Records So- able such a record of naval ac- was a controversial Secretary and range of readers, not just naval of- one of the nation’s foremost charged with teaching strategy ciety (www.navalrecords.org) to tivities as will adequately inform Knox was in a position to observe fi cers and historians. Years later compilers of historical letters and at the Naval War College as an begin to deal with some of these the student and general reader of the effects of many of his deci- the second and enlarged edition documents, as well as a thought- ensign in 1972. I was the Flag challenges and to be a place where the national value of the Navy’s sions. As a result he may have was listed as a source in the Har- ful and productive historian in Lieutenant to Vice Adm. Bene- digital editions of personal papers work, and will also serve as a recognized that it was too soon to vard Guide to American History, his own right. dict J. Semmes when he retired and other documents could be source of inspiration to the Navy make an objective appraisal of his compiled by Oscar Handlin and Knox was not the only uni- and Vice Adm. Stansfi eld Turner published in the tradition of Brit- itself, whose current morale nec- tenure. Nevertheless, in his bibli- fi ve other members of the History formed naval offi cer to emerge as arrived to establish the current ain’s Navy Records Society and essarily includes tradition as an ography to the pertinent chapter of Department of Harvard University a noted historian (there is, after strategy curriculum based on his- the letterpress editions that have important component.” He added his book, he cites Daniel’s book, including Samuel Eliot Morison. all, Alfred Thayer Mahan), yet torical case studies. Turner de- now become so expensive to pro- that none of the existing works on Our Navy at War. It was published by the Belknap such a career path would be more cided to take a chance on me by duce. With the recent death of its naval history met these specifi ca- A number of others who Press of Harvard University in diffi cult today. While it remains putting me in the classroom as a secretary and website manager, tions. worked to improve the Navy in 1955. For some time thereafter it important, perhaps even essen- professor. That experience great- the American Naval Records So- In this reviewer’s opinion, various ways are not mentioned was a very useful guide for gradu- tial, for serving offi cers to main- ly reinforced my commitment to ciety now needs to fi nd younger Knox wrote an interesting, under- at all. A reader might expect that ate students and others who sought tain an active reading program in naval history and very likely con- people with the appropriate tech- standable, largely accurate nar- the roles of Benjamin F. Tracy to extend their knowledge of good naval history, it is more diffi cult tributed to my being hired (as a nical know-how and devotion to rative that apparently had wide and Hilary A. Herbert in estab- books on various topics in Ameri- now to keep up with all the new civilian) at the Naval Academy in naval history who will be willing readership. But since he hoped lishing the steel navy would be in can history. By such means Knox’s technology of naval warfare and 1976 where I stayed until 2005. to help meet these new challeng- to inform civilian readers and in- line with the goals of the author. enlarged history of the navy, pub- at the same time be fully embed- Unlike Knox, however, I did not es for American naval history. spire the Navy, he did not write Several others could be noted as lished after World War II, became ded in the fi ne details of histori- have a long and distinguished about many of the political and well for their efforts to improve accessible to a larger audience. cal research. naval career before committing For Dr. Harold Langley: Knox’s other broad aspects of the nation- the Navy. The annual report of the One such path—though it myself to historical study. A History of the United States al life that involved the Navy and Secretary of the Navy is cited as a For Dr. Craig Symonds: Are is a narrow one—is at the Naval Navy was used as a text by Sam- some of its members. The fi rst source in the chapter on the battle there paths to become a naval Academy. An initiative begun in uel Eliot Morison at Harvard. volume of Knox’s history cov- of Santiago. In all other instances historian from an active duty the 1990s created a handful of Please critique the book and ered the period from origins of it is cited in chapters dealing with career as with Knox? What billets for what are called Perma- DDD point out voids that subsequent the to a naval commerce and foreign relations. advice would you give those in nent Military Professors (PMPs). historians have sought to ad- limitation treaty signed in 1922. Topics such as dueling, ri- uniform having an interest in a These are serving offi cers at dress. The U.S. Navy had its origin in valry, and bitterness among some naval history avocation? the Commander-Captain level,

8 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 9 Ambassador Middendorf Honored at Annual Meeting

Middendorf returned to the world of banking, but he did not leave the Navy totally behind, staying on as a Director with the Naval Historical Foundation. In 1981, Middendorf re- turned to public service as U. S. Representative to the Organiza- tion of American States (OAS) with the rank of ambassador. His OAS posting was followed by assignment to the European Community (later called the European Union), again with the rank of ambassador, where he dealt with the minutiae of international trade disputes and agricultural quotas. Admiral James L. Holloway III congratulates Ambassador In addition to his work with Middendorf at the NHF Annual Meeting the Naval Historical Founda- tion, he has been a strong bene- t the annual meeting to The Netherlands in the early factor for the U.S. Navy Band of the Naval Historical 1970s. and has composed over 100 AFoundation, the mem- In 1973, Middendorf was marches for the band. He is an bership of the NHF saluted J. appointed Undersecretary of the avid collector of early naval William Middendorf II, who Navy followed by promotion to documents and art. In non-na- had served as a director with Secretary in 1974. He worked val activities he was founding the organization for four de- to gain approval for such major president of the Friends of the cades. At the meeting, Admiral programs as the Trident mis- American Wing of the Metro- DeMars announced that Mid- sile , development politan Museum of Art in New dendorf would continue his ser- of a logistics base on the island York City and a trustee of the vice with the NHF, having been of Diego Garcia, and the larg- Corcoran Gallery in Washing- voted by the board to the status est shipbuilding program in ton, D.C., the Baltimore Mu- A MONTH of “Director Emeritus.” 25 years. He visited more than seum of Art, and the New York Middendorf fi rst became 200 ships, putting special focus Historical Society. His interest acquainted with naval history on the engineering spaces and in art is not casual and he is a fi ne IN THE by becoming part of it during personnel that rarely received painter and sketch artist him- World War II. At the end of the attention. Among his proudest self. A sampling of his sketches NAVY war he was serving in the Pa- accomplishments were his roles drawn during the month on June cifi c as engineer offi cer in an in guiding Navy participation in 2014 is on the following page. amphibious ship. Upon leaving the 1976 Bicentennial celebra- He is a member of the Board of the Navy he attained success as tions and the creation of the Trustees for the Heritage Foun- a Harvard-educated investment Marine Corps Marathon during dation, an infl uential Washing- banker who eventually would his tenure; the winner of each ton, D.C.-based public policy become a public servant―with year’s marathon is awarded research institution. A sampling of the sketches of Ambassador Middendorf that an initial posting as ambassador the Middendorf prize. In 1977, were put to paper during June 2014

10 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 11 Ready Th en, Ready Now, Ready Always Th e Navy Reserve Centennial Book Project

n the same piece of legisla- “How the Naval Reserve Saved St. Louis) and 18 years in the tion that established the offi ce College Football” by Capt. Wil- Navy Reserve with a variety of Iof the Chief of Naval Opera- bur Jones and “Naval Reservists units, retiring as a commander in tions on 3 March 1915, the Navy and the Battleship New Jersey” 2008, Winkler brought a unique Reserve was created. With the by Cdr. Paul Stillwell, both re- perspective to the narrative based centennial of this date looming tired Navy Reservists. on personal experiences. Tying in 2015, Chief of Navy Reserve Winkler cited Capt. John the individual chapters together Vice Adm. Robin R. Braun has Lynn Shanton and Master Chief are the career stories of individ- created a small commemoration James L. Leuci as lead contribu- uals who at one time may have cell within her command to fa- tors on the inside title page for crossed Winkler’s path. For ex- cilitate and coordinate a variety a tremendous amount of earlier ample, the Navy’s fi rst African- of projects such as displays, American fl ag offi cer, Sam- a website, and assorted cele- uel Gravely, had earned his bratory events. One initiative ensign’s bars thanks to the that was taken for action by World War II V-12 and V-5 her predecessor, Vice Adm. naval reserve offi cer commis- Dirk Debbink, was to produce sioning programs. Before his a quality illustrated narrative retirement in 1980, Vice Ad- of the Navy Reserve’s history. miral Gravely presided over Debbink approached the Na- a ceremony at Penn State that val Historical Foundation to commissioned Winkler and obtain the services of histori- his NROTC classmates. an Dave Winkler to write the One of the interesting narrative and help produce the components of the narrative book. The result, Ready Then, is why the Navy Reserve is Ready Now, Ready Always, only a century old, given the is now available for order 239-year history of the Unit- through the Navy Museum ed States Navy. Indeed, had Store website that is managed President ’s by the NHF. proposed Naval Militia Act In writing and producing of 1805 passed Congress, we content for the book, Winkler would have celebrated the bi- leaned on the lessons learned research that was used in the nar- centennial of the Navy Reserve from an earlier NHF book proj- rative. For last summer’s NHF a decade ago. It turns out that ect, The Navy, the latest ver- interns Alicia Petersen and Aaron America’s robust merchant ma- sion of which is still available at MacDougal, the book provided rine in the fi rst half of the 19th Barnes and Noble. Over 300,000 an opportunity to hone their pho- century gave national leaders copies of this white-covered cof- to research skills. confi dence that a reserve man- feetable book have been printed. Having served 10 years on power pool would be available As with The Navy, friends active duty (including a tour as to the Navy during times of cri- of the NHF were recruited to executive offi cer of Naval and sis. The decline of the American write interesting sidebars such as Marine Corps Readiness Center, merchant marine in the latter half

Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 13 The Naval Historical Foundation Volume 13 Issue 1 of the 19th century led to the cre- and the aftermath, and fi nally the contextual overview that should ation of state naval militia units tragic events of 11 September reside on the bookshelves not December 2014 that served somewhat admirably 2001 leading to a major philo- only of part-time Sailors, but of during the Spanish American sophical change in how the Navy full-time ones as well. NAVY MUSEUM War but faced statutory limita- viewed its reserve component. An ideal gift for the holi- tions due to their non-federal sta- Whereas in past decades citizen days, retirements, and changes tus. Sailors trained to be ready for ac- of command, the author-signed Given that an omnibus bill tivation in a wartime contingen- copies of the book can be pur- was passed in 1915, creating a cy, the continuous engagement chased through the Navy Mu- reserve force that enlisted Sailors by American armed forces in seum Store or ordered direct NEWS could opt to join after leaving ac- anti-terrorism and humanitarian from the publisher through the 1306 Dahlgren Avenue SE • Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374 • Phone (202) 678-4333 • Fax (202) 889-3565 tive duty, Winkler devotes chap- relief operations over the past de- NHF website (www.navyhis- www.usnavymuseum.org www.navyhistory.org ters to World War I, the 1920s and cade has placed Navy Reservists tory.org). 30s, World War II, the immediate often on the front lines with their post-war period, , the early active component peers. Ready Cold War, Vietnam, the 1970s, Then, Ready Now, Ready Always DDD Bicentennial of the Washington the 1980s, Desert Shield/Storm details this change and provides a Navy Yard Burning

ver the past few months the Navy Mu- rated by Dr. Ed Furgol, the managing direc- seum has hosted several events to tor of the Navy Museum, the exhibit will be Ocommemorate the bicentennial of the in place through February 2015. Furgol also British invasion of the nation’s capital, a con- presented multiple walking tours of the Navy sequence of which was the burning of the Yard throughout the August 23-24 weekend to Washington Navy Yard. tell the Navy story of the land battle at Blad- Before the June Flag Day annual meet- ensburg that resulted in Commodore Barney ing of the Naval Historical Foundation, Vice surrendering his sword to Gen. Robert Ross. Adm. George Emery, author of In Their Own The tours also described the hours in which Words, and Steven Vogel, author of Through Commodore Tingey determined when to “fi re the Perilous Fight, gave informative talks to the Yard” to keep its riches from the British the membership to set the historical context but not burn out the town right outside the leading to the British operation up the Patux- wooden fence. ent River. Commemoration activities continued into Coinciding with the October as the Navy commemoration of the Museum hosted an Battle of Bladensburg NHF-sponsored recep- in mid-August, which tion on October 20, featured the dedication 2014, where Francis of a monument hon- Hamilton, descendant oring the stand taken of British Army Gen. by Sailors and Marines Robert Ross, returned under the command of Commodore Barney’s Commo. Joshua Bar- sword to the U.S. Navy ney, the Navy Muse- from his private collec- um hosted two days tion. Refl ections on Pearl Harbor—On 8 December 2014, the Navy Museum hosted a conversation with of family-day activities “Mr. Hamilton, on former Senator John Warner and retired Vice Admiral Robert F. Dunn about their recollections of that featured the open- behalf of the United the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor from the perspectives of being young lads growing up in ing of a new exhibit, Holding Commodore Barney’s sword are Rear States Navy, I would Washington DC and Chicago. The conversation, moderated by NHF historian Dave Winkler, was “From Defeat to Vic- Adm. Michael Franken, Francis Hamilton, Rear like to extend my grati- digitally recorded by C-Span which will air the footage on 28 December 2014 at 9 PM. tory: 1814-1815.” Cu- Adm. Mark Rich, and Museum Director Jim Bruns tude for your generous

14 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 15 and thoughtful donation,” said U.S. Navy Rear NHF/Nautilus STEM-H Adm. Michael Franken, acting chief of staff, Strategic Plans and Policy, Joint Staff. Program Update Franken offi cially accepted the sword from Hamilton on behalf of the U.S. Navy and the or the fourth consecutive year this past American people. summer, NHF’s staff educator Capt. John “Having heard that the exhibition was going FPaulson coordinated an immersive and to take place here, we decided to loan the sword intensive two-week course of activities for the to the museum. It’s an American sword, it’s the teachers who were selected to participate in 200th anniversary of the battle, and the friend- the NHF’s Science, Technology, Engineering, ship between the two countries has endured, so Math, and History (STEM-H) program. After two it just seemed to us that donating it instead of years of hosting teacher fellows at the Navy loaning would be a nice gesture and an appro- Museum in Washington, the NHF partnered priate action,” said Hamilton. “It’s a huge plea- with the Submarine Force Museum and display sure for us to be a part of the bicentennial and ship Nautilus for a second year to work with to be able to add a piece of history to it.” regional teachers to develop STEM-H lesson The sword joins only a handful of pre-1841 plans for use in secondary school systems. naval offi cers’ swords in the Navy’s collection. The Submarine Learning Center from the Congressman Joe Courtney (D-CT 2nd District) discusses STEM Education programs with the 2014 STEM Teachers and supporting instructors in the Submarine Force Library classroom. (Left to Right) Robert Mayne (Mathematics and Intro to Engineering Teacher, Chariho Regional High School, Wood River Junction, RI), Tony Quatroche (Mathematics Teacher, Robert E. Fitch High School, Groton, CT and Submarine Force Library and Museum Association Board Member), Michelle Mokrzewski (STEM Teacher, West Side Middle School, Groton CT), Lieutenant Commander Benjamin Amdur (OIC Historic Ship Nautilus and Museum Director) and Congressman Joe Courtney (D-CT 2nd District, Vernon CT). Groton Submarine base provided teachers The teachers set about perfecting and with instructional presentations on the various presenting their lesson plans to each other in functions and capabilities of . the second week of the program. Overall, the Fellows used the exhibits of the Submarine teachers enjoyed their experience and their Force Museum and information gleaned from fi nal product (lesson plans). Mary Harris of several tours through local naval facilities Fitch High School had a very positive response such as the Electric Boat model room, Naval to the fellowship, which offered a unique spin Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, and to standardized professional development: attack submarine Virginia. “The STEM fellowship has been the best Although many of the teachers admitted two weeks of professional development that being a bit overwhelmed at the wealth of I’ve ever had and is especially cool because it material presented to them by the Submarine connects my curriculum, which is chemistry, Learning Center volunteers throughout the two with the community.” weeks, all of them found a way to incorporate She went on to say that she “can’t wait” to the information into their classroom curriculum. use the knowledge she gained in Groton in her The fellowship team took some time out of curriculum next year. their busy schedule to meet with Stefan Pryor, NHF Digital Content Developer Matt Eng 2014 STEM-H Teacher Fellows, fellowship leaders and Congressman Joe Courtney at the Submarine Connecticut’s Commissioner of Education. observed part of the proceedings and observed Force Library & Museum and Historic Ship Nautilus. (Left to Right) Lieutenant Commander Benjamin Commissioner Pryor had much to say about the afterwards: “As a student that always preferred Amdur (OIC Historic Ship Nautilus and Museum Director), Michelle Mokrzewski (STEM Teacher, West Side progress and impact of the fellowship. “It is very the social sciences, I was curious to see how Middle School, Groton CT ), Caitlin Kennedy (Mathematics Teacher, Robert E. Fitch High School, Groton clear that the hands-on approach that has been they incorporated the history and heritage of CT ), Lisa Allen (Chemistry Teacher, Stonington High School, Pawcatuck, CT), Mary Harris (Chemistry taken is going to lead to enhanced learning for the United States Navy into their STEM lesson Teacher, Robert E. Fitch High School, Groton, CT), Congressman Joe Courtney (D-CT 2nd District, Vernon our youngsters,” said Pryor. Stonington High plans. Reading over their brief summaries, I CT) , Paul Mezick (Physical Science Teacher, Daniel Hand High School, Madison, CT), Robert Mayne School’s Lisa Allen agreed with Pryor. “If you couldn’t help but smile.” (Mathematics and Intro to Engineering Teacher, Chariho Regional High School, Wood River Junction, RI ), can get through to students using these real-life To view the work online visit www. Captain John J. Paulson, USN (Ret.) Naval Historical Foundation. examples,” she said, “it’s just good teaching.” usnavymuseum.org or www.ussnautilus.org.

16 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 17 9. I have spoken to about over 150 teach- based frigate will be entering an ers since the summer of 2012 about adjacent drydock at the Charles- my fellow grant and my experience Naval History town Navy Yard next March for with naval history, the various muse- ums, and STEM-H in Washington, D.C. an extensive repair period. An- 10. Yes, we do use Common Cores with the ticipated work includes remov- Standards of Massachusetts. ing and replacing of copper from News her hull below the waterline, Refl ections: Wherever I have gone and traveled, I speak highly of my experienc- inspecting the hull and rigging es. Other teachers always ask about it. Navy Photo process, however, there will be and replacing as needed, and re- My students are always interested when periods of limited access to por- placing the planking in the bow. I speak of my time on the USS Scranton Archives Storage tions of its collections, as the submarine, what I learned about naval sci- digitization and cataloging effort ence and the sciences used, the math cal- Improvement Phase National Naval Janice Cunningham (right) poses with other 2012 culated, the resources that go into manag- is off site. All other collections teacher fellows aboard the submarine Scranton. ing, and the history of the Navy. I always Completed will remain open to the public for Aviation Museum tell and show my students the Cold War research both in person and via TEACHER FELLOW Museum website. he Naval History and Heri- phone or e-mail. Director Retires FEEDBACK Janice Cunningham tage Command (NHHC) To make an appointment to Trecently completed the visit the photo archives or to make apt. Bob Rasmussen (USN, Ret.) retired on 30 Sep- To improve the NHF STEM-H Teacher Fellow Our STEM-H program’s 26 teachers have second phase of renovations to a reference request, please contact Program, past participants are surveyed to engaged their 3,000 students in more than its extensive photo archives. This the offi ce at (202) 433-2765 or Ctember after serving 27 determine if and how they use the lesson plans 20,000 hours of Navy-based STEM-H activi- renovation phase included stor- years as the director of the Na- ties in their subject areas this school year. We [email protected]. developed. Below are excerpts of a response age improvement and shelving tional Naval Aviation Museum. to one such survey. especially thank our 2014 STEM-H corporate sponsors for making this summer’s teacher replacement for the archives’ spe- Old Ironsides to His relationship with naval avia- Dear Mr. Paulson, program possible through their generous con- cial and donated collections. tion spans more than six decades tributions. Overall, NHHC’s photo ar- Drydock following his commissioning in I hope this letter reaches you well. I am 1951. During his career he spent ● Cubic (leading technology and innovative, chives collection consists of ap- doing fi ne at this time. I am now working time as a Blue Angel fl ying F-11 as a high school math teacher at Everett specialized services; 30% of employees proximately one million individu- SS Constitution con- High School, in Everett, Mass. Everett is are Veterans) al images in approximately 5,500 ducted her annual turn- Tigers; fl ying combat missions about a 20-minute drive northwest of Bos- ● Cunico (award-winning leading manufac- cubic feet. The collection covers around last 21 October to over Vietnam during which he turer of submarine and aircraft carrier fi t- U th ton. celebrate her 217 birthday. The survived the tragic fi re on board tings, piping, and valves) topics spanning more than two short underway period will be the carrier Oriskany; and holding I received your e-mail for fellowship feed- ● EPS (engineering and professional sup- centuries of naval history, with back and I wanted to respond asap. You port services for communications and en- a particular emphasis on 20th- her last until 2018 as the Boston- several commands. After retiring have been so kind to me over the years. gineering) century photography. as a captain, he be- ● Gryphon Technologies (engineering Its holdings include came development Here it goes... services with a cyber-security focus) director for the Na- ● Telephonics (integrated, advanced sen- virtually every photo- 1. Yes, I am still teaching. val Aviation Founda- 2. Everett High School, Everett, Mass. sor and communication systems technol- graphic format, from ogy) tion. Finally as the

3. I teach Pre-Calculus, Pre-Calculus Hon- early daguerreotypes AVY ors, and ELL [English language learner] ● TOTE (award-winning maritime, services, to glass lantern slides director, he oversaw shipholdings, and logistics leader) Algebra I. to large-format pan- N U.S. signifi cant expan- 4. I teach over 175 students. ● Retliff Testing Labs (one of the world’s leading independent testing labs) oramic prints. sion that resulted in

5. I have used four STEM Lesson Plans. AIRCHILD 6. Yes, I have referred my students to ● Applied Mathematics Inc. (develop- In addition, the F the museum becom- www.usnavymuseum.org website. ment and implementation of mathemati- photo archives is cur- ing one of the largest cal models to understand systems and ATTHEW 7. I have done at least 4 weeks on naval rently undertaking M aviation museums in information, submarines, depth, mag- processes to improve performance) the world. nitude, graphing, radar, using topogra- ● Concurrent Technologies Corporation a major digitization EAMAN S Besides provid- Foundation (independent applied scien- BY phy in the ocean, rivers, lakes, seas, and cataloging ef- tifi c research and development) ing leadership, Ras-

etc., calculating, measuring. fort of approximately HOTO ● Fairbanks Morse Engine (worldwide P 8. Yes, this year I am at a high school 120,000 of its most mussen might be where we look at physics, science, wind leader in engine technology and manu- Thirty-two pound carronades offl oaded even better known as facturing) frequently used im- turbine, wind power, mechanics, air from Constitution's Spar Deck in preparation a prolifi c artist who pressure, oceanography and ecology. ages. During this for dry-docking.

18 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 19 has created hundreds of Naval viewed with some interest at the . aviation paintings in watercolor, NHF because of the potential im- Of course Jones is well-known oil, and acrylic. His sculpture plications for the birthplace of in the United States as the com- Pickle Night Update on Victory work includes the design of the John Paul Jones, located in a rural mander of Bonhomme Richard, “Spirit of Naval Aviation,” dis- setting at Kirkbean. Of note, not which captured HMS Serapis dur- played at the front of the Na- only Americans have an affi n- ing the American revolution; he is tional Naval Aviation Museum, ity for Jones; the Russians do as now entombed in a crypt at the as well as the Alan Shepard me- well. A day after the referendum, Naval Academy. After indepen- morial fi gure at the Astronaut retired Adm. Alexander Zhurkov dence was secured and the Conti- Hall of Fame and the World War paid a visit to the small birthplace nental Navy was disbanded, Jones II and memorials in museum located in the hills of traveled to Russia where Empress Pensacola, Fla. southwestern Scotland. Catherine II made him a Real Ad- Zhurkov arrived to visit the miral in the Russian Navy. site, having recently been named The NHF has had a long- Russian Visit to JPJ as a Patron of the Birthplace Mu- standing relationship with the Birthplace seum Trust, joining NHF chair- birthplace museum and has served man emeritus Adm. James L. Hol- in the past as a conduit for contri- loway III as a holder of the title. butions to its upkeep. In 1953 the he recent 18 September Zhurkov was deeply “impressed NHF joined with the Daughters of 2014 referendum on Scot- with the museum” and the work the American Revolution to place Ttish independence was done to preserve the memory of a birthplace marker at the site.

On 7 November the American Friends of the Royal Navy Museum hosted a “Friendraiser” Pickle Night dinner at the New York Yacht Club in mid-Manhattan. One of many such dinners held around the globe, the New York annual event derives its name from the sloop HMS Pickle, which delivered to England the news of the Royal Navy’s victory at Trafalgar as well as the sad news of Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson’s death. At the dinner Museum Director Gen. Dr. Graham Dobbin addressed the improving state of HMS Victory and Second Sea Lord Vice Admiral David Steel (pictured above) spoke about Nelson’s Flag Captain Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, who was instrumental in carrying on the battle against the combined French and Spanish fl eets after Nelson was felled by a sharpshooter’s bullet.

Fellowship (1918-1950) and any impacts Proposals are due by 15 in political, social, technologi- January 2015 and notifi cation Announced cal, or economic terms. of the award will be made by Fellowships are not lim- 1 February 2015. Prospective nvisioning History (EH) ited to history students. Digi- applicants should register their and the Naval Order of tal history opens possibilities interest with Envisioning His- Ethe United States are for research and analysis in all tory via e-mail at info@envi- pleased to offer a $2,000 fel- fi elds, and the advanced da- sioninghistory.org to receive NHF Chairman Adm. Bruce DeMars and Deputy Director of the Navy Staff, Capt. James Wyatt lowship for individuals or tabase analysis system to be published clarifi cations. For fl ank Vice Adm. Robert F. Dunn following receipt of the Distinguished Public Service Award at the teams of pre-doctoral graduate used allows all disciplines to more details see www.envi- National Museum of the U.S. Navy's Museum Education Center. Dunn received the award for his students to research and write develop imaginative ways to sioninghistory.org/fellowship- tireless efforts and dedicated service to promote the U.S. Navy's history throughout his 14 year a paper on a topic related to analyze and explain history as announcement.html. tenure as president of the NHF from 1998-2012. Dunn led NHF's efforts to recognize the centennial naval history during the inter- of naval aviation, to install a museum room onboard USS Enterprise and to provide more than ten well as to examine the histories million dollars' worth of funds and services to the National Museum of the U.S. Navy. war and World War II eras of their respective disciplines. DDD

20 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 21 News from the Naval Historical Foundationn Remembering In a recent series of interviews the bottom, Delano jumped down conducted by NHF volunteer oral to turret two and swam ashore. Capt. Victor historian John Grady, Delano re- Going on to have a distin- Lions’ Den Aviators Honored called having breakfast and get- guished career in the Navy with Delano ting ready to go ashore when “a expertise in nuclear weapons, Marine came down from topside” Delano joined the NHF in 1961. he Naval Historical Foun- stating they were being bombed. He served as treasurer for 20 years proper protocols, with the sup- dation lost a good friend Delano headed to his General following his retirement from ac- port of former Senator , Tand dedicated member Quarters station in the plotting tive duty. Among the projects he award packages were submitted when Capt. Victor Delano died on room. Eventually Delano made underwrote was the commission- and the decision was made to 25 August 2014. Delano was 94 it to the conning tower where he ing of a model of Bonhomme present Air Medals to now retired years old. saw that the Commanding Of- Richard, John Paul Jones’s fl ag- Rear Admirals Pickavance and Born into a Navy family, Del- fi cer, Capt. Mervyn S. Bennion, ship during the American Revolu- Moneymaker. ano graduated with distinction had been severely wounded by tion, now on display in the Navy On 27 August 2014, Picka- from the U.S. Naval Academy in shrapnel. Delano recalled seeing Museum. vance and Moneymaker returned 1941. Assigned as a gunnery of- Steward’ss Mate, Dorie Miller. to stand on the fl ight deck they fi cer aboard USS West Virginia Miller and another junior offi cer fl ew from over four decades ear- stationed at Pearl Harbor, Delano went forward to man a machine lier to receive their medals from was embarked on 7 December gun to fi re at the airborne attack- DDD Vice Adm. David H. Buss, Com- when the Japanese attacked. ers. With West Virginia settling to mander Naval Air Forces, on Rear Admirals Pickavance and Moneymaker receiving their behalf of Secretary of the Navy awards on the fl ight deck of Midway. . Joining them on the Midway in San Diego was retired n the evening of 27 Au- surface action group into waters Adm. Sylvester R. Foley, who gust 1972, Lt. William off Haiphong to conduct shore served as the ship’s command- OW. Pickavance and Lt. bombardment of anti-aircraft ing offi cer during the Lions’ Den (JG) Patrick D. Moneymak- batteries and other facilities in operation. Foley noted how proud er, both aviators fl ying from support of the ongoing air offen- he was to honor these men aboard USS Midway (CVA 41), an- sive known today as Linebacker. his former ship, adding that he swered a radio call from Seventh During the operation, the “would not have missed this op- Fleet commander Vice Adm. American combatants came un- portunity for all the money in the James L. Holloway III, who was der attack by enemy P-6 class fast world.” From the opposite coast, embarked in the cruiser New- attack craft in the dark. Deep in Admiral Holloway provided his port News. At the time Newport enemy waters and also under fi re congratulatory comments by way News was leading a four-ship from the shore, Holloway radioed of a recorded message. to any available attack aircraft to provide illumination to spot the oncoming torpedo boats. In re- sponse, Pickavance and Money- maker dropped fl ares from their A-7B Corsairs and then made low-altitude bombing attacks that, along with the ships’ gunfi re, sank the enemy torpedo boats. With the opening of the “Into the Lions’ Den” exhibit at the Navy Museum detailing the events of 27 August 1972, it dawned on the NHF’s leadership Rear Admiral Patrick D. Vice Admiral David H. Buss Captain Victor Delano in October 2008 looking at a model of the Bonhomme Richard that he that the two aviators who played Moneymaker speaking fol- presents Rear Admiral William commissioned for the National Museum of the United States Navy. The model remains on display such a key role did not receive lowing the presentation of W. Pickavance with his award. in the museum's Revolutionary War section. any recognition at the time. Using his award.

22 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 23 She serves as the Middendorf fornia was the journal of James Upcoming Conferences and Symposia Curator for the Foundation. Em- Schenck. Schneck came to Wash- ily works with material donations ington in the 1820s seeking an 2-5 January 2015: American Historical Association Annual Meeting, New York, N.Y. www.historians.org. to the Foundation and seeks to appointment to be a midshipman. transition these items into Navy He decided to take a bath in the 1-4 April 2015: Popular Culture Association and American Culture Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, La. http://pcaaca.org/. repositories whenever possible. Potomac River and got sage ad- As a liaison between the Naval vice from another bather who he 9-12 April 2015: Society for Military History Annual Conference, Montgomery, Ala. www.smh-hq.org/. Historical Foundation and other later found out was President John institutions that house and display Quincy Adams. Schenck’s journal 13-15 April 2015: The Navy League’s Sea-Air-Space Exposition, National Harbor, Md. United States Navy artifacts, Em- details his cruise to the Mediterra- www.seaairspace.org/page.cfm/Link=1/t=m/goSection=1. ily is fostering relationships with nean in the frigate United States. 15 April 2015: Naval Submarine League - Naval Historical Foundation Submarine Symposium, The Navy Museum in others who join us in the preser- Schenck would eventually be pro- Washington, D.C. www.navalsubleague.com. vation of naval history. moted to Rear Admiral during the Civil War. 23 April 2015: Naval Historical Foundation - National Maritime Historical Society Spring Awards Dinner at the The collection also included National Press Club, Washington, D.C. www.navyhistory.org and www.seahistory.org. Welcome Aboard 19th Century Diary the autobiography of a 20th cen- 13-17 May 2015: The North American Society for Oceanic History annual conference at Naval Postgraduate School, Emily Pierce Donated tury rear admiral written for the Monterey, Calif. www.nasoh.org. family by Logam Mckee. The mily Pierce is the Founda- he NHF is grateful to Vice collection has been transferred 20 June 2015: Naval Historical Foundation Annual Meeting, Washington Navy Yard, D.C. www.navyhistory.org. tion’s newest staff mem- Admiral Bernard Kauderer to the Navy Department Library. 25-30 June 2015: American Library Association Annual Conference, San Francisco, Calif. www.ala.org. Eber to come aboard. Hail- Tfor facilitating the dona- The NHF again thanks Mrs. In- ing from Milford, Conn., Emily tion of some images and histori- gram for her generosity. 16-19 September 2015: Historic Naval Ships Association Annual Conference, Battleship Iowa, Los Angeles, Calif., is pursuing her master’s degree cal papers that had been retained www.hnsa.org. in museum studies through the by Mrs. Jane Ingram. Included in University. the shipment from Carlsbad, Cali- DDD 17-18 September 2015: McMullen Naval History Symposium, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. navalhistorysymposium@ gmail.com. 15-16 October 2015 (tentative) Violent Skies: Air War in Vietnam, Washington DC, details forthcoming. NHF to again partner in Annual LEGO 5 November 2015: Mystic Seaport Award Gala, New York, N.Y. www.mysticseaport.org. Shipbuilding Event in Norfolk 1-8 November 2015: International Congress of Maritime Museums Biennial Congress, Hong Kong and Macau. www. icmmonline.org/. he Naval Historical Foun- popular event, making it a sig- promoting STEM-based educa- dation will partner with nature yearly occurrence. The tion programs like LEGO ship- Tthe Hampton Roads Na- event draws nearly 2,000 excit- building. val Museum in Norfolk, VA ed shipbuilding enthusiasts each The most popular portion next 7 February for the annual year. NHF is proud to support of the day-long event is the SAVE THE DATE! “Brick by Brick: LEGO Ship- organizations and institutions shipbuilding contest. Contestants building” competition. young and old can bring This is the second year their own ship designs 23 April 2015 that NHF will sponsor or build one there. The the event. NHF Digital NHF’s support of the Naval Historical Foundation—National Maritime Historical Society Content Developer Mat- event will provide each thew Eng helped create of the contest winners Annual Washington Awards Banquet! the event with current with a LEGO gift card. HRNM Deputy Direc- Shown is a Fletcher- tor of Education Laura class destroyer and Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jonathan Greenert to receive fi rst NHF Orr four years ago while the aircraft carrier Distinguished Service Award. working there in the Lexington built by education department. David Colamaria, that Location: National Press Club It is the Hampton Roads were displayed at last Naval Museum’s most year’s gathering. Regional Naval Historical Foundation members will receive a formal invitation in March.

24 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 25 Calls for Papers select the best papers presented at current sessions to accommodate c. Samples of the types of panels impact it had on fi nance, industri- ranean, and since the Battle of the the symposium to be published at a wide variety of topics and is- that could be assembled include: alization, technology, the environ- Atlantic took on a new level of a later date. sues. Panel participants will be  U.S. Air Support in the ment, politics, strategy, defense, ferocity. The images and myths Naval and Maritime History Information on the 2015 allotted 20 minutes to present early years. Does that start and the wider British and Imperial of some of these battles and cam- 2015 McMullen Naval History McMullen Naval History Sym- their research or discuss their ex- with helping the French society, as well as relations with paigns in 1940 still resonate with Symposium posium will be posted online at periences. A panel chair will be with reconnaissance (pho- other states. British society. This conference 17-18 September 2015 www.usna.edu/History/Sympo- assigned to provide commentary to missions by Banshees Papers that address the fol- will examine the myths and real- United States Naval Academy sium. Specifi c inquiries should and moderate discussion. Com- off carriers) or with sub- lowing areas will be especially ity of 1940 from an international be directed to Commander (PhD) menters from academia, veterans, sequent reconnaissance in welcome: maritime perspective, as well as he History Department of Chris Rentfrow at navalhistory- Vietnamese émigrés, and scholars the early ’60s? analyzing the role of the Royal the United States Naval [email protected] or (410) from the region may be invited to  “Going Downtown Ha-  Social and cultural his- Navy in these events. TAcademy invites proposals 293-6257. provide additional insights. noi”—Ideal for Navy and tory of navies from 1750 Papers that address the fol- for papers to be presented at the Panel/paper proposals may Air Force veteran partici- to 1815 lowing areas will be especially 2015 McMullen Naval History Violent Skies: The Air War over employ both chronological and pation.  Economic impact of build- welcome: Symposium in Annapolis, Md., on Vietnam topical approaches:  “Dueling with SAM and ing the sailing navy 17-18 September 2015. A Symposium Proposed for 15- Charlie”—Another panel  Myths and maritime reali- Proposals dealing with any 16 October 2015 a. Examples of chronological that could include USN/  Impact of navies on do- ties in 1940 mestic politics and related aspect of naval and maritime his- Washington, D.C. subjects can include U.S. air USAF veterans.  Anti-submarine warfare issues between 1750 and tory are welcome. Proposals that support in the early years; the  “The Ho Chi Minh  The Royal Navy and the th 1815 address topics relevant to the 100 our military service histori- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and Trail”—The interdiction battle of Britain and Op- anniversary of the First World cal foundations—the Air American escalation; the Roll- campaign.  The impact on the envi- eration Sealion ronment War are especially sought after. FForce Historical Founda- ing Thunder campaign; Tet  “Search and Rescue”—  Maritime strategy and the Proposals should include a one- tion, the Army Historical Founda- and its aftermath; concluding USAF A1H and Navy he-  The impact of this national changes forced upon it page vita and an abstract not ex- tion, the Marine Corps Heritage combat operations to include licopters. effort on industrialization during 1940 ceeding 250 words that addresses Foundation, and the Naval Histor- aerial mining and Linebacker  “In-Country Close Air and technology the research plan and the original ical Foundation—recognize that a operations; and evacuation Support”—Could focus  Lessons learned and not contribution to historical knowl- half century has passed since the operations in 1975. on Marine and Army avia-  The relationship among learned in the maritime edge the fi nal product is expected United States became militarily tion as well as Navy A-1 politics, strategy, defense, sphere, 1940 to make. engaged in Southeast Asia and b. Topical proposals could in- Skyraider aircraft. and the wider British soci-  Strengths and weaknesses Proposal Deadline: 6 February hope to sponsor a series of confer- clude political and military ety or imperial society of 1940 amphibious war- 2015 ences involving scholars and vet- leadership and decision mak- Those proposing a symposium  The fi nancing of the sailing fare and support to Allied Panel proposals are strong- erans, aimed at exploring aspects ing; recognition of individual presentation shall submit a 250- navy and its impact on gov- land forces ly encouraged. Panel proposals and consequences of what once service and sacrifi ce; joint to 400-word paper abstract and a ernments and governance  International and/or com- should contain an abstract and was known as America’s Longest service coordination; organi- curriculum vitae or short autobi- parative perspectives on brief vita for each panelist. Sub- War. zational command infrastruc- ography to Dr. David F. Winkler To submit a paper proposal the maritime contribution mit all proposals by e-mail to For the fi rst conference in the tures; the rules of engage- of the Naval Historical Founda- please send a 300-word outline and/or infl uence on the navalhistorysymposium@gmail. series, because all military servic- ment; aircraft and armament tion ([email protected]) and a one-page CV by 9 Janu- events of 1940 com by Friday, 6 February 2015. es employed their combat aircraft capabilities; close air support; not later than 30 April 2015. Panel ary 2015 to research@nmrn.  The maritime legacy of The program committee expects capabilities in that confl ict, the air mobility; airlift and logis- proposals will be welcomed as org.uk or Dr. Duncan Redford, 1940 to fi nalize the program by Mon- leaders of the four nonprofi t or- tical support; search and res- well; please include a panel objec- National Museum of the Royal day, 2 March 2015; fi nal versions ganizations agree that the air war cue; aeromedical evacuation; tive statement in addition to paper Navy, HM Naval Base (PP66), To submit a paper proposal please of accepted papers are due to the over Southeast Asia offers a com- air-to-air combat; air defense abstracts and CVs/bios. Portsmouth PO1 3NH. send a 300-word outline and a symposium committee and panel pelling joint topic for refl ective challenges; air interdiction ef- one-page CV by 6 March 2015 to chairs by 1 August 2015. examination and discussion. The forts; the prisoner of war ex- HMS Victory 250: “The Old Saving the Nation; Striking the [email protected] or write Online registration for the intent is to host a symposium on perience; media coverage and Wooden Walls of England” Enemy: The Royal Navy and to Dr. Duncan Redford, National conference will begin in March this subject in the national capital public opinion; basing at sea Building the Sailing Navy 1940 Museum of the Royal Navy, HM 2015. A limited number of mod- region on Thursday and Friday, 15 and on land; training and ad- 9-10 May 2015 4-5 September 2015 Naval Base (PP66), Portsmouth est travel stipends are available to and 16 October 2015, potentially visory missions; air reconnais- PO1 3NH. graduate students and recent PhDs extending into Saturday, 17 Octo- sance and intelligence opera- his conference will celebrate n 2015, 75 years will have who do not hold a tenure-track po- ber. Other stakeholder organiza- tions; South Vietnamese/al- the 250th anniversary of the passed since the German inva- sition. Please indicate your desire tions will be approached to join as lied nation/other organizations Tlaunch of HMS Victory in Isions of Scandinavia, France, to apply for a travel stipend in the co-sponsors of this event. (e.g., CIA) air operations; eth- 1765 and examine the national ef- and the Low Countries, since the e-mail that contains your propos- The organizers of the sympo- ical and legal considerations; fort needed to produce the British Battle of Britain, since the wid- DDD al. The program committee will sium envision plenary and con- and environmental impact. sailing Royal Navy, including the ening of the war to the Mediter-

26 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 27 The Bicentennial of the War of 1812 The British King Revokes the Orders in Council, but Too Late to Avoid War As we conclude two and a half years of commemoration, Vice Adm. George Emery shares documentation to n 25 June 1812, James war on Great Britain in June of Jefferson, hoping to force Great remind us that a major cause for war had fallen by the wayside at the time of the American declaration. If only Rawsthorne, an agent 1812? Historically recognized is- Britain to repeal those Orders, re- the King of England had a Twitter account! Ofor merchants Barclay & sues include (1) the Royal Navy’s sponded with a well-intentioned, Salkeld in Liverpool, England, impressment of American sailors but disastrous, embargo prevent- wrote excitedly to merchants S & on the high seas, (2) the British ing American merchants from un- W Hale in Portsmouth, N.H., that government’s implementation of dertaking trade in foreign ports. the British government had just the Orders in Council that virtu- Merchant ships in the Northeast- revoked the Orders in Council. ally halted America’s seagoing ern and Mid-Atlantic States were Printed directly on the stationery trade, and (3) the English Army’s laid up and rotted at their moor- was a “copy of the offi cial docu- encouragement of Indian tribes of ings, while southern farmers saw ment issued by the Ministers” the Northwest Territories to attack the once-lucrative overseas de- that Rawsthorne reported was and kill American settlers. mand for their products plummet. “so satisfactory” that American Of these three, the two mari- But by early 1812, after too ships were already loading Brit- time issues crowd out the third. many years of war with Napo- ish goods for America! Impressment may have produced leon, the British economy was in the loudest hue and cry, but the trouble and Parliament reluctantly Thank the Lord; there would be most damaging, economically, agreed to lift the Orders in Council no war! were the British Orders in Coun- provided France fi rst revoked her cil that essentially halted Ameri- embargo on trade with England. ****** ca’s European trade, exposed her And as this Supplement to the neutral shipping and its cargo to London Gazette exclaimed, that is Backing up a week, what pro- seizure and confi scation by the just what has happened…but too voked President James Madison Royal Navy, and brought depres- late. The American Congress and to implore Congress to declare sion and fi nancial ruin to America. president were unaware, and fi ve

Vice Admiral Emery speaking at the June 2014 annual meeting of the NHF.

28 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 29 days after the supplement was goes being American property likes of and Ed- published in London, war was de- from the 1st day of August next.” ward Preble lose their opportu- International Journal clared in Washington. Thrilled with the news, James nity to show the world that the of Naval History Rawsthorne hurriedly wrote that Navy of America was a Navy to ****** American vessels will quickly be reckoned with? Would Wash- The next edition of the online International Journal be leaving England for stateside ington City avoid violation and of Naval History (www.ijnhonline.org) will be Here’s the time line that the ports…and unknowingly…di- destruction at the hands of an en- published in the new year. Editor-in-Chief Dr. Charles Supplement reported: France re- rectly into the teeth of a Royal emy? What would be our Ameri- Chadbourn and Managing Editor Dr. Howard Fuller pealed her embargo decrees on Navy at war. can anthem today? report articles in the next edition include: 28 April and word reached Par- What if news had traveled a To this writer, word of revoca- liament on 20 May. Five weeks little faster in 1812? Would word tion would have indeed squelched later the King revoked the Orders that the Orders in Council had an American declaration of war, ● "The Development of Modern Counter-piracy of Council “so far as may regard been revoked avert a war? Would so let your imagination wander! Initiatives in Southeast Asia: Vietnamese Boat American vessels, and their car- the young offi cers trained by the Refugees and Alternative Incidents 1979-1997", by Robert C. McCabe (Maynooth University, Ireland).

● "Swimming in the 'Fishpond' or solidarity with the 'Beresfordian Syndicate': An analysis of the inquiry by the Subcommittee of Imperial Defence into naval policy, 1909" by Dr. Keith McLay (Canterbury Christ Church University, England).

● "Taking the Moral Highground: The United States, Privateering, and Immunity of Private Property at Sea," by Dr. Michael Crawford (Naval History and Heritage Command, Washington, DC).

In Memory of: Thomas F. Cline, Jr. Jerry Christopher Paul McCarty Nobuko Rhodes Ron Crabtree Charles A. Thomas, Sr. Richard G. King Seaman 2/c Millard Preston Hall, Sr. LCdr. William Crowley Leroy H. Dietrich

In Memory of longtime NHF members: Adm. Capt. Victor Delano Vice Adm. Gerald E. “Jerry” Miller

In Honor of: Capt. Richard N. Griffi n

30 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015 31 Naval Historical Foundation 1306 Dahlgren Ave. SE Non Profi t Org. Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5055 U.S. POSTAGE PAID Baltimore MD Permit No. 5415

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Pull Together is published by the Naval Historical Foundation, © 2014. Address submissions and correspondence to Executive Editor, Pull Together, c/o NHF, 1306 Dahlgren Ave. SE, Washington Navy Editorial Board Yard, DC 20374-5055. Phone: (202) 678-4333. E-mail: nhfwny@ President, NHF: Rear Adm. John T. Mitchell USN (Ret.) navyhistory.org. Subscription is a benefi t of membership in the Executive Director: Capt. Charles T. Creekman, Jr. USN (Ret.) Naval Historical Foundation. Executive Editor: Dr. David F. Winkler Editorial Board: Dr. David Winkler, Capt. Creekman, Matthew Eng Opinions expressed in Pull Together are those of the authors Copyeditor: Catherine S. Malo and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Naval Historical Designer: Steven Lovass-Nagy Foundation.

32 Pull Together • Winter 2014-2015