Sisters in Sin: Brothel Drama in America, 1900-1920 Katie N

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Index

A Augier, Emile, 183 ‘‘Anna Christie’’, 3, 4, 5, 15, 19, 149, 163, 164, 183, Austin, J. L., 99 187, 196, 197 happy ending in, 19, 189–192, 196–200 B male bonding in, 192, 196 Bailey, Oliver, 120 repentance and respectability in, 197 Bailey, Peter, 83, 86 Abramson, Doris, 155 Ballet Girl, The, 22 Acton, William, 7 Bank, Rosemary K., 104–105 actresses, Barnes, Djuna, 140 conflated with prostitutes, 17, 21, 79 Barnicoat, Constance A., 94 in pornography, 26, 40, 58, 129 Barry, Kathleen, 114, 117 plays and musicals about, 22–24 Barrymore, Ethel, 8 actress-as-whore myth, 17, 24, 27, 67, 76 Baudelaire, Charles, 11, 25, 168, 203 Addams, Jane, 149, 166 Bedford State Reformatory for Women, 13, 24, Adler, Felix, 103 146, 152, 156 Agate, James, 183, 185, 190, 191, Beerbohm, Max, 91 193, 197 Belasco, David, 2, 3, 4, 15, 17, 21, 29–35, 36, 37, Ah, Wilderness!, 183 41–42, 48, 66, 74, 76–78, 140, 165 Alexander, Ruth, 87 Bell, Archie, 38, 41, 42, 43 Allen, Robert G., 31, 105 Bell, Ernest, 109, 115 Althusser, Louis, 157 Bell, Hilary, 30, 35, 58 America Plan, 178, 181 Bell, Shannon, 11 American Society for Sanitary and Moral Belle of Broadway, The, 22 Prophylaxis, 171 Benchley, Robert, 189, 193, 195 Angel in the House, 174, 179 Benjamin, Walter, 11, 26, 203 Anglin, Margaret, 9 Bennett, Richard, 141, 170, 174, 181 Anti-Chinese immigration sentiments, 122 Benson, Susan Porter, 85, 87 antiprostitution reform (and reformers), 2, 4, 7, Bernhardt, Sarah, 8–9, 40, 48, 76 10, 11, 18, 19, 21–22, 30, 43, 45, 79, 81, 164, Berst, Charles A., 102 166, 168, 175, 178, 179, 181, 182 Bertha, the Sewing Machine Girl, or Death at the Any Night, 137 Wheel, 83 Appleton, Robert, 46 Berton, Pierre, 29, 32, 35 Asch, Sholom, 20, 196–199 Bess From Peaceful Valley, 119

257

258 INDEX

Big Sisters’ program, 150 Campbell, Mrs. Patrick, 8, 9 Bingham, General, 130 Captivity tales, 112, 113, 115 Blackstone, Sarah J., 116, 129, 160 Carlson, Marvin, 5, 13, 185 Blackwell’s Island Hospital, 7, 24, 146 Carmen, 10, 45, 48, 53 Blaney, Chas. E., 122 Carroll, Sydney W., 193 Blatch, Harriet Stanton, 132, 141 Carter, Mrs. Leslie, 17, 33, 35–43, 60, 146, 157, Bogard, Travis, 185, 190 194, 195, 196, 205 Bowery B’hoys, 98 and fallen women roles, 37 Boyd, Ernest, 189 and respectability, 37, 38, 40 Branded, 6 bankruptcy, 37, 41 Brandt, Allan M., 167, 179 feud with David Belasco, 41 Brat, The, 23 Caryll, Ivan, 83 Brecht, Bertolt, 168 Case of Lady Camber, The, 23 Brent, Mrs. Helen, 174 Casino Girl, The, 22 Brietzke, Zander, 184, 195 Castellun, Maida, 188, 189 Brieux, Euge`ne, 19, 163, 165, 167, 169, 172, Cather, Willa, 81, 85 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 182 celebrity performance, 5 Broadway bloke, 22 censorship, 15–16 Broadway girls, 14, 22, 23–24, 25, 43, 65–66, of The Fight, 127 67, 79 of The House of Bondage, 158–160 Broadway promenades, 13, 25–26 of The Lure, 128 Bronson, Howard, 6 of Mrs Warren’s Profession, 101 Brooks, Peter, 1, 142 of Sapho, 45–46, 48, 62, 63 Brothel of The God of Vengeance, 196–200 drama, 127, 142 Century Girl, The, 22 censorship of, 45–46, 48, 62, 63, 101, 128, Chapman, John, 8 158–160 Chekhov, Anton, 191 decline of, 163–164 Chinese Exclusion Act, 122 legacy of, 200 Chorus girl, 22, 23–24, 65, 75–76 rise of, 1–20 Chorus Lady, The, 23 subversion of, 146 Chris Christophersen, 185–188 fighter, 118, 143 Churchill, Allen, 13, 14, 76 realism, 142 Claim, The, 23 staging interior of, 4, 139–143, 148, 160 Clarke, May Herschel, 193 Broun, Heywood, 199 class performance, Brown, T. Allston, 48 in The Easiest Way, 76–78 Buckley, Peter G., 25 in Mrs Warren’s Profession, 98–100 Bulkey, L. Duncan, 179 in Zaza, 41–43 Bureau of Social Hygiene, 13, 166 class voyeurism, 3, 42–43, 78–79, 129, 148 Burrell, David, 118 Climax, The, 23 Butler, Judith, 16, 99 Collins, Charles W., 2 Butsch, Richard, 104 Collins, E. Whitney, 121 Bynner, Witter, 137 Colton, John, 125 By-Products, 88 Commercialized Prostitution in New York City, 7, 116, 146 C commercialized vice, 3, 12, 31, 179, 182, 184, 197 Callis, Anne, 48 Committee of Fifteen, 4, 12, 21, 64, 116, Campbell, Bartley Theo, 114 147, 178 Camille, 5, 6, 7–10, 30, 32, 33, 44, 48, 55, 73, 76, Committee of Fourteen, 12, 67, 105, 178 92, 168, 183, 184, 191 community-based theatre, 19, 147, 156

INDEX 259

Comstock, Anthony, 14, 15, 16, 43, 96, 100, double standard on sex, 7, 18, 92, 152, 103, 106 170–171, 175 confessions/testimonials Drama League, 19, 145, 156 of white slaves, 75–76, 115 dramaturgy, Foucauldian, 180 brothel, 1–20, 127, 142 Connelly, Mark Thomas, 112–113, 117, 119, 220 feminist, 147–148, 149, 154, 156 Conspiracy, The, 121 Dreiser, Theodore, 23, 81 conspiracy of silence, 14–17, 165–169 Dresser, Marie, 85 Cooper, George, 84 Dumas fils, Alexander, 32, 35, 168, 183 Corbett, Mary Jean, 104 Duse, Eleanora, 8, 48 Corbin, John, 3, 35 Cornered, 89 E country-girl white slave plays, 18, 118–120, Earl and Girl, The, 85 123, 145 Easiest Way, The, 2, 3, 6, 15, 17, 21, 65, 141, 148, Crane, Stephen, 22, 81, 88 149, 184 Crothers, Rachel, 2, 19, 111, 127, 134, 145–156 actress-as-whore in, 67, 76 female deceit in, 69–73 D male bonding in, 68–71 Dale, Alan, 30, 37, 40, 69, 71, 72, 73, 77, 152, 155, East is West, 15, 123–124 159, 160 East Lynne, 6 Daly, Arnold, 1, 92, 96, 100–101, 106 East Side of New York, The, 83 Dam, H. J. W., 83 Eaton, Walter Prichard, 190 Damaged Goods, 15, 19, 141, 147–148, 149, 163, 164, Edna: The Girl of the Street, 105 165–182 Edwardes, George, 22, 83 and United States Army, 181 Ellington, George, 6, 25 and prostitute fatale, 168–169, 177–182 Elliott, A. W., 116 and venereal disease, 165–175, 177, 179–182 Ellis, Edward, 137 as sermon, 175–177 Ellison, Grace, 146 given as command performance, 165 Eltis, Sos, 5 Dame aux Came´lias, La, see Camille Erdman, Harley, 199 Dancing Girl, The, 22 Escaped From the Harem, 113, 124–125 Dangers of Innocence; or the Lure of the City, 119 eugenics, 10, 123, 168, 173, 175 Darnton, Charles, 127, 144 Everleigh Club, 140 Daudet, Alphonse, 47, 49–50, 53 Davis, Dr. Katherine, 156 F Davis, Owen, 2, 51, 66 Fair, Fanny, 38, 94 Davis, Tracy, 24, 26, 40, 58 fallen women, 1, 4–10, 21, 90 department store, 4, 83–90 and actresses’ repertoires of, 37 De Young, Mary, 117 and ‘‘Anna Christie’’, 184, 186, 190–191 Dealers in White Women, 122 and the Angel in the House, 179 Dedrick, Florence Mabel, 119 and Mrs Warren’s Profession, 94 Defoe, Louis V., 76 and Sapho, 45–46, 51, 62, 64 Degen, John, 22 and The Easiest Way, 73 Deluge, The, 184, 195 and Zaza, 30, 36, 43 Demimonde, 25, 42, 102 iconography of, 76 Dial, 189 FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 1, Diamond, Elin, 78 109, 127 Diana of Dobson’s, 88, 149 female, Doll’s House, A, 8, 71, 188 anger, 188 Donkin, Ellen, 91–93, 107 audience members, 31, 102–108, 174

260 INDEX

female, (cont.) Gelb, Arthur and Barbara, 183, 184, 194 and respectability, 104 gender, madness/hysteria, 163, 166, 168, 175, 177, 200 performance, 16, 30 mistaken for prostitutes, 104–106 regulation of roles, 5, 113, 174, 175 bonding, 150, 151, 152 Getthore, Billy, 123 delinquents (also known as the ‘‘girl Gilfoyle, Timothy J., 12, 13, 50, 181, 182, 184 problem’’), 1, 7, 19, 150 Gilman, Sander, 179, 180 desire, 87, 153–154 Girl Behind the Counter, The, 18, 86, 87 producers, see Nethersole, Olga and Spooner, Girl From Kay’s, The, 86 Cecil Girl From Rector’s, The, 73 feminist/feminism, 21, 77, 79, 94, 100, 103, 111, Girl in the Spotlight, The, 22 128, 136, 160 Girl Who Disappeared, The, 114 agenda, 94 Girl Without a Chance, The, 121, 221 and smoking, 53–55, 94 Goat Alley, 15 consciousness-raising theatre, 19, 147, 156 God of Vengeance, The, 15, 19, 20, 163–164, 183, discourse in ‘‘Anna Christie’’, 188 196–199 dramaturgy, 147–148, 149, 154, 156 brothel in, 197, 199 insight into marriage as a business the lesbian prostitute in, 164, 183, 196–200 transaction, 172 respectability in, 197, 199 Mary Shaw and, 107, 108 Gold Diggers, The, 23 Olga Nethersole and, 17, 51 Goldman, Emma, 75, 93, 113, 117 themes in The Fight, 136 Gottlieb, Lois, 155 femme fatale, 49, 168, 181 Great God Brown, 183 Ferris, Lesley, 191 ‘‘guilty’’ third tier, 104 Fielder, Mari Kathleen, 158 Fight, The, 15, 18, 19, 109, 127, 128, 131, 133–138, H 139–140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 148, 158, Hackett, Francis, 79, 184, 190 160, 169 Hall, Ann, 188, 189, 191 evolution of, 134 Hamilton, Cecily, 88, 149 female fighter in, 143 Hamilton, Clayton, 136, 137 shut down, 127 Hamilton, James Sheldon, 15 suffragette support of, 131, 132–133, 134, 135, 136 Hammond, Percy, 188 Fighting The Traffic in Young Girls, 109 Hanley, Parke F., 130 Finch, Stanley, 128 Hapgood, Norman, 36, 38, 40, 152 Fiske, Harrison Grey, 186 Hapke, Laura, 81 Fiske, Mrs., 8, 146, 193 Harned, Virginia, 9 Fitch, Clyde, 17, 21, 45, 46–64 Harris, Henry B., 131, 136, 139–140, flaˆneur, flaˆnerie, 26–27 157, 158 Forbes, James, 23 Hays censorship office, 126 Foucault, Michel, 16, 48, 49, 115, 167, 169, Hayward, C., 47 175, 180 Her Road to Ruin, 119 Fournier, Alfred, 169 Herman, W. C., 119 Freud, Sigmund, 59 Heron, Matilda, 8 Hess, Linda, 86 G Hewitt, Barnard, 99 Gaiety Girl, A, 22 Hidden Help or A Working-girl’s Luck, 83 Gainor, J. Ellen, 107 Hirschler, Diana, 85 Garbo, Greta, 186 History of Prostitution: Its Extent, Causes, and Garvey, Sheila Hickey, 184 Effects Throughout the World, 7, 24 Gassner, John, 66 Hobson, Barbara Meil, 3, 90, 185

INDEX 261

hooker-with-a-heart-of-gold, 7, 9, 92, 123, 168, LeBrant, Joseph, 113 185, 200 legitimate theatre, 3, 44 Horrors of the White Slave Trade, The, 109 lesbian prostitute, 10, 20, 164, 183, 196–200 Hornblow, Arthur, 121 Levine, Lawrence, 43 Hosmer, Jean, 8 Lewisohn, Ludwig, 79 Houchin, John, 15, 16, 48, 49, 199 Lights of Broadway: Or, Breach of Promise, The, 119 House of Bondage, The, 6, 18, 19, 109, 113, 127, 128, Lindroth, Colette, 154 139, 148, 156–160, 169 Lindroth, James, 154 and censorship, 158–160 Little Lost Sister, 119 House of Mirth, The, 6, 23 Lolotte, 10 How the Other Half Lives, 86 Long Day’s Journey Into Night, 183 Howells, William Dean, 172 Lord, Pauline, 5, 20, 185, 187, 189, 190, 193–196 Hunekar, James, 91 and respectability, 195–196 Hurdy-Gurdy Girl, The, 22 and her appearance, 193 Hurley, Martin, 122 Lulu Belle, 6 Lulu’s Husbands, 23 I Lure, The, 6, 15, 18, 109, 120, 121, 127, 128–133, 130, Ibsen, Henrik, 53, 176 133, 136, 139–143, 144–145, 146, 148, 158, immigration, 18, 112, 122 160, 169 Inglis, W. O., 55, 58, 60 and white slavery, 110, 111, 113–118, 120, 128 International Congress on the White Slave and country-girl white slave plays, 118–120, Traffic, 120 123, 145 International Suppression of White Slavery shut down, 127–128 Accord, 219 International Women’s Congress, 107 M Interracial desire, 124, 160 MacArthur, Charles, 15, 16 Macfadden, Bernarr, 175 J Macgowan, Kenneth, 193 Jarrow, Joseph, 123 Madeleine, 117, 221 Magda, 9 K Magdalene Societies, 12 Kaier, Curtin, 197, 198 Maggie Pepper, 88, 94 Kapelle, Randy, 48 Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, 22, 81 Kaplan, Joel H., 85 Mair, G. H., 189 Kendal, Mrs., 48 male bonding, Kibler, M. Alison, 42 in ‘‘Anna Christie’’, 192, 196 King of the Opium Ring, 122 in The Easiest Way, 68–71 Klein, Charles, 88 male gaze, 25–26, 59–60, 82, 84, 85–86, 149 Kneeland, George J., 7, 13, 24, 74, 116, 146, 179 returning the, 54 Knickerbocker Girl, The, 22 Mann Act, 14, 219 see White Slave Traffic Act Knife, The, 2, 121–122 Mantle, Burns, 166 Kremer, Theodore, 125 Marker, Lise-Lone, 77, 78 Marra, Kim, 51 L marriage, 5 Ladies of the Evening, 15 and venereal disease in Damaged Goods, 165, Ladies’ buffet, 186 171, 172, 173, 175, 182 Lander, Mrs., 8 as happy ending in ‘‘Anna Christie’’, 20, 192, 196 Landesman, Peter, 110 in Sapho, 47 Langum, David J., 220 in white slave narratives, 116, 118, 124, 145, Lawton Girl, The, 81 151, 154

262 INDEX

marriage, (cont.) Nelson, Doris, 192 in Zaza, 35 Nelson, Nell (pseudonym), 114 respectability through, 197 Nethersole, Louis, 47 Marshall, Rachael, 120 Nethersole, Olga, 5, 8, 15, 17, 21, 38, 45, 46, 76, Mason, Hamilton, 9, 10 77, 92, 94, 129, 132, 194 Match Girl of New York, The, 83 and censorship case, 45–46, 48, 62, 63 maternity/motherhood, 33, 35, 37, 38, 50, 75, 97, and cigarettes, 53 102, 174–175 and the ‘‘Nethersole Kiss,’’ 45 Matinee Girl, 72, 76 as female producer, 45, 46 McAdoo, William, 15, 16, 99, 101, 102, 103–104, costuming in Sapho, 58–59 106, 139, 142 New Womanhood, 17, 46, 53, 55, 60, 62, 95 McConachie, Bruce, 104 New York Factory Girls, The, 83 McDermott, M. Joan, 116, 129, 160 New York Legislative League, 174 McKenzie, Jon, 15, 16 Night Court, 12, 157 Meisel, Martin, 92 Notorious Mrs. Ebbsmith, The, 6, 9 Melville, Fred K., 119 nudity, Metcalfe, James, 24, 61, 66, 75, 86, 88, 111, 127, in Sapho, 55–58, 60 160, 176 in The Lure, 129 Miner, Maude E., 166 in Zaza, 40 miscegenation, 18, 124 Mitchell, Dodson, 89 O Mizejewski, Linda, 22 O’Connell Davidson, Julia, 117–118 Modjeska, Helena, 8 O’Neill, Eugene, 4, 15, 19, 20, 163, 183–196, 197 Montague, Walter, 123 and prostitution, 183–196 Montgomery, Maureen E., 25, 102, 105 and respectability, 184, 192 Moon for the Caribee, The, 183 obscenity, 14, 20, 43 Moondown, 2, 89 and The Fight, 127 Mordden, Ethan, 77 and The House of Bondage, 158–160 Morris, Clara, 8 and The Lure, 128 Morrow, Dr. Prince, 171–172, 173, 174, 179 and Penal Law, 67 Mrs. Dane’s Defense, 6 and Mrs Warren’s Profession, 15, 91 Mrs Warren’s Profession, 2, 6, 15, 18, 67, 78, and Sapho, 14, 17, 20, 50, 51, 58, 62, 63–64 91–108, 121, 131, 132, 139, 149, 184 and The God of Vengeance, 163, 196–197 at New Haven, 96–100 Olympe’s Marriage, 6, 73, 184, 191 respectability in, 102 Only A Shop Girl, 18, 84 shut down, 100 opium-den white slave plays, 4, 18, 122–126 women’s reactions to, 102–103, opium war plays, 122 106–108 orientalism, 122 Muensterberg, Hugo, 139 Otis Skinner, Cornelia, 9 Murphy, Brenda, 67, 154, 189 Ourselves, 2, 18, 127, 134, 145–157, 160 Murphy, Charles F., 137 Out of The Wreck I Rise, 26 music-hall performers, 17, 21, 22, 31 My Little Sister, 120 P Page Act, 14, 178, 204 N Pankhurst, Mrs., 132–133 Nash, Mary, 132 Parker, Andrew, 185 nation building, 172, 175 Parker, Robert Allerton, 193 National Consumers’ League, 87 Parlour, Bedroom & Bath, 23 National Women’s Suffrage Association, 132 Patterson, Joseph Medill, 88 necessary evil, 12, 82, 105, 147, 166 Pegler, Arthur James, 119

INDEX 263

Peiss, Kathy, 31, 105 Q pentitent whore, 6, 7, 10, 20, 164, 183–185, Queen of Chinatown, 2, 122, 123 191–192, 196, 197 Quinn, Michael, 5, 40 performativity, 51, 96, 99, 193 performing woman (women), 5, 10, 16, 18, 21 R Picture Show, 193 Rabinovitz, Lauren, 26–27 police, racial purity, 18, 19, 51, 123–126, 168, brutality and intervention in The House of 172–173, 182 Bondage, 157, 158, 159 Rain, 15, 163–164 complicity in vice, 120, 129–131, 138, 159 Ranald, Margaret, 194 politicians, Rankin Cranston, Mary, 85 dangers of staging corrupt, 160 realism, Pollock, Channing, 67, 76, 88, 121, 143, 157 American, 2, 17, 77–78, 142, 193 Pollock, John, 172 brothel, 142 pornography, 26, 40, 58, 129 David Belasco in shaping, 74, 76–78 Position of Peggy, The, 26 Edward Sheldon in shaping, 15, 16, 186, 188 Pratt, Charles E., 84 mediated, 76–78 Price She Paid, The, 26 voyeur, see voyeur realism Prins, Yopi, 46 red-light districts, Professional Women’s League, 107 and corruption, 137 Profligate, The, 62 as site for sociological study, 42, 194 Progressive Era, 1, 10, 201 closed down, 102, 164, 179, 184, 200 sexual ideology, 8 Reed, John, 2, 89 prostitute, Reid, Hal, 119 ambivalence to, 23, 177, 182, 200 Reilly, Joyce, 48, 51, 53, 60 and moral purity, 112 Re´jane, Mme., 8, 10, 29, 40 as allegory of modernity, 1, 142 Reynolds, Margaret, 46 as victim, 111 Rich Mr. Hoggenheimer, The, 85 see white slavery Riis, Jacob, 3, 86 construct, 10–11, 182 Robins, Elizabeth, 111, 120 George Bernard Shaw’s anti-type, 92, 108 Rockefeller Grand Jury, 116 image of the, 163 Rockefeller, Jr., John, 13, 166 in the plays of Eugene O’Neill, 183–196 Roe, Clifford G., 109, 115, 121, 123 lesbian, 10, 20, 164, 183, 196–200 Roosevelt, Theodore, 116 repentant/penitent, 6, 7, 10, 20, 164, 183–185, Rose, Edward, 119 191–192, 196, 197 Rosen, Ruth, 3, 13, 74, 94–95, 115, 117, 178, 201, staging the, 163, 200 204, 220 virginal, 18, 112, 191 prostitution, 118, 135, 164, 168 S and the working girl, 81 Sachs, Murray, 49 discourse, 43, 149–150, 166, 167, 169 Said, Edward, 122 in ‘‘Anna Christie,’’ 186 Salvation Nell, 146, 186, 193 in Mrs Warren’s Profession, 98 Sanger, William, 7, 12, 24–25, 178 in Sapho, 45–64, 49 Sapho, 6, 10, 15, 17, 21, 30, 45–64, 76, 79, 92, 94, in The Easiest Way, 65 129, 132, 139, 163, 184 reasons why women turned to, 74 and obscenity case, 14, 17, 20, 50, 51, 58, 62, represented on stage, 5, 21, 91–93, 101–102, 131, 63–64 140, 149, 189 and respectability, 46, 50 respectability within, 163, 192, 196 staircase scene, 51, 63 prostitute fatale, 10, 19, 164, 168–169, 177–182 Scarborough, George, 109, 120, 128, 130, 146

264 INDEX

Schneider, Rebecca, 1, 11, 203 and prostitution, 98 scopophilia, see male gaze Shaw, Mary, Seamstress of New York, The, 83 and Mrs Warren’s Profession, 18, 77, 96–100, Second Mrs. Tanqueray, The, 6, 9, 36, 48, 62 101, 106–108 Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 69, 185, 190 and respectability, 100 Senelick, Laurence, 2 as a feminist, 107, 108 Serrano, Vincent, 128 Sheldon, Edward, 15, 16, 186, 188 sex, Sherman, Robert, 1 debates, 43, 90, 152–153, 166, 175 Sherwood, Garrison P., 8 discourse, 14, 16–17, 18, 48, 103–108, 154, 160, shop girl, 164, 165, 166, 182 and girl shop, 81, 91–93, 107 double standard on, 7, 18, 92, 152, 170–171, 175 and prostitution, 83, 89–90 education, 170, 174 dramas, 10, 18, 81, 83–87, 89, 108, 195 experts, 7 musicals, 1, 22 see working girl hysteria, 163, 166, 168, 175, 177, 200 Shop Girl, The, 18, 83–84 slaves, 109 ‘‘Shop Girls of New York, The,’’ 84–85 trade, 197 Show Girl, The, 22 sexual, Show Shop, The, 23 ideology, 8, 43, 66 Shuberts, Lee and J. J., 128, 131, 139–140, 141, 142, innocence, 129, 199 147–148, 156, 157, 158 purity, 51, 129, 154 Simon, Charles, 29, 32, 35 responsibility, 152, 168 Sinclair, Upton, 112 slavery, 117 Singing Girl, The, 22 sexuality, Sinners, 2 alternative desire, 198, 199 Sister Carrie, 23, 81 and respectability, 27, 198 Slave Girl: 20 Minutes in Frisco’s Chinatown, anxieties about, 10 The, 123 fallen women’s, 5, 7, 23, 49, 92 Slaves of the Opium Ring: the Opium Smugglers of female, 4, 17, 27, 46, 52, 64, 86, 168 ’Frisco or The Crimes of a Beautiful lesbian, 10, 20, 164, 183, 196–200 Opium Fiend, 123 non-normative, 6, 10, 17, 20, 60 Slaves of the Orient, 125 regressive view of, 74, 108, 129 slumming, theatre going as, 3, regulation of, 3, 7, 19, 30, 45, 49, 64, 75, 79, 87, 43–44, 127 103–106, 108, 113, 115, 129, 148, 164, 165, Smith, Edgar, 86 167, 175, 200 social evil, 12, 82, 105, 147, 166 sporting, 12, 153, 170, 172, 182 social hygiene movement, 2, 19, 168, 169, staging of, 67 170–171, 174, 175, 182 subversion of, 51, 164 Society for the Suppression of Vice, theatre as regulator of, 5, 21, 91–93, 101–102, 14, 96 131, 140, 149, 189 Solomon, Alisa, 197, 198, 199 unchecked female, 194 Soubrette Row, 30 unregulated, 180 Spooner Stock Company, 158 Shakespeare, William, 98 Spooner, Cecil, 19, 127, 157–161, 159 Shanghai Gesture, 125 Stanton, Stephen, 8 Sharp, Sidney, 50 Starr, Frances, 76–77, 78 Shaw, Dr. Anna, 132 Sterns, H. E., 176 Shaw, George Bernard, Stowell, Sheila, 85 and Mrs Warren’s Profession, 1, 5, 14, 15, 18, 81, Strang, Lewis, 35, 36 88, 91–94, 95–96, 99, 101, 103–104, 106, suffragettes/women’s suffrage, 19, 118, 131, 108, 131, 165, 167, 169 132–133, 134, 135, 136, 174

INDEX 265

T harem, 18, 122–126 Tammany Hall, 130, 137 opium den, 4, 18, 122–126 Taylor, Chas. A., 122 urban, 18, 120–122 That Sort, 23 hunters, 109, 112, 115, 116, 121, 150 Theory of the Leisure Class, 74 iconography, 131, 134 Thorne, Charles, 8 ideology, 131 Tiger, 137 narratives, 111–115, 117, 121 Totten, Joseph Byron, 109, 156 panic, 2, 18, 110, 112, 116, 117 Traffic, The, 2, 120–121 sexuality, 114 Tucker, George, 109 traffic, 94, 109, 117, 120, 131, 136 Turner, Frederick, 112 in the Orient, 123 Turner, Victor, 51 White Slave Traffic Act, 109, 219 Two Women, 23 see Mann Act White Slave Traffic, The, 119 U White Slave, The, 114 urban white slave plays, 18, 120–122 white slaver, 116, 119, 122, 127, 144 urbanization, 2, 11 white slavery, 110, 111, 113–118, 120, 128 White Slavery, 119 V Why Girls Go Wrong, 119 Veblen, Thorstein, 74 Winter, William, 21, 30, 44, 52, 68, 73, 74, 76 Veiller, Bayard, 109, 133, 134, 135, 137, 142 women adrift, 27 Vena, Gary A., 191 women exchanged between men, 67, 68, venereal disease, 12, 19, 147, 165–175, 177, 179–182 192, 196 vice commissions, 10, 64, 109, see Committee of Women’s Civic Federation, 156 Fourteen and Committee of Fifteen Women’s National Theatre, 107 Victorian Womanhood, 174 Women’s Political Union, 132, 141 Violet: The American Sappho ...A Realistic women’s rights, 10, 116 see suffrage Novel of Bohemia, 46 Woods, Leigh, 9 Voglino, Barbara, 188 Woollcott, Alexander, 191 voyeur realism, 3, 42–43, 78–79, 129, 148 Workgirl, The, 83 working girl, W and prostitution, 81 Wainscott, Ronald, 69, 73, 193 and respectability, 81 Walter, Eugene, 2, 21, 65–66, 71–72, 75, 76, 79, drama, 1, 81, 88–90, 91–96 111, 121, 122, 188 Working Women’s Society, 86 Warren, Charles A., 119 Wright Kauffman, Reginald, 157 Washburn, Charles, 119, 140 Wycherly, Margaret, 135 Web, The, 183 Welded, 183 Y Wellwarth, George E., 106 Yellow slave traffic, 123 Wharton, Edith, 23 Yiddish Drama, 197 Wharton, Henry Thornton, 46 White Slave Girls of Chicago, 114 Z white slave, 10, 18, 109–110, 113–115, 155 Zaza, 4, 6, 10, 17, 21, 29–44, 45, 48, 50, 60, 74, 76, abduction of, 148 79, 157, 163, 194, 195, 196 audience boredom with, 160 respectability in, 33, 34, 38 captivity narratives, 146 voyeur realism in, 42–43 drama, 4, 109, 111–115, 118–119, 120, 128, 134, 143 Zimmermann, Jean Turner, 109 country-girl, 18, 118–120, 123, 145 Ziter, Edward, 122