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Developing a National Action Plan for Eliminating Sex Trafficking

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Developing a National Action Plan for Eliminating Sex Trafficking Developing a National Action Plan for Eliminating Sex Trafficking Final Report August 16, 2010 Prepared by: Michael Shively, Ph.D. Karen McLaughlin Rachel Durchslag Hugh McDonough Dana Hunt, Ph.D. Kristina Kliorys Caroline Nobo Lauren Olsho, Ph.D. Stephanie Davis Sara Collins Cathy Houlihan SAGE Rebecca Pfeffer Jessica Corsi Danna Mauch, Ph.D Abt Associates Inc. 55 Wheeler St. Cambridge, MA 02138 www.abtassoc.com Table of Contents Preface ..................................................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................xii Overview of the Report.............................................................................................................xiv Chapter 1: Overview ............................................................................................................................1 Project Background......................................................................................................................3 Targeting Demand .......................................................................................................................3 Assumptions about the Scope and Focus of the National Campaign...........................................5 The National Action Plan.............................................................................................................6 Scope of the Landscape Assessment............................................................................................7 Major Needs and Opportunities Identified in the Landscape Assessment...................................9 Chapter 2. Strategic Frameworks for the National Campaign ......................................................1 Strategic Planning ........................................................................................................................3 Vision and Mission............................................................................................................3 Core Principles and Assumptions......................................................................................5 Key Objectives of the National Campaign ..................................................................................6 A Framework for Organizing the Campaign’s Objectives...........................................................8 Pursuing the Campaign’s Objectives .........................................................................................10 Establish Criteria for Prioritizing Issues to be Pursued by the National Campaign...................34 An Illustration: Applying the Criteria to Prioritize Initiatives for Early Deployment.....36 Timing and Opportunity.............................................................................................................40 Framing the National Campaign and the Issues it Pursues ........................................................44 Language .........................................................................................................................46 Supporting a Comprehensive Approach to Ending Sexual Slavery ................................47 Abt Associates Inc. Contents i Focus on Primary Prevention.......................................................................................... 48 Emphasizing Sexual Exploitation of Children Versus Adults ........................................ 49 Demand Reduction as an Effective Public Health Intervention...................................... 53 The Campaign Should Not Focus on Arresting Pimps and Traffickers.......................... 54 What to Avoid................................................................................................................. 56 Preparing for Opposition ........................................................................................................... 61 A Libertarian Argument for Prohibition of Commercial Sex ......................................... 62 Chapter 3. Maintaining Coalitions for Combating Demand .......................................................... 1 Institutionalizing the Campaign: Forming and Maintaining Coalitions ...................................... 2 Illustration of a Successful Model..................................................................................... 3 Example of a Structure and Processes .............................................................................. 4 Promoting Successful Programs for Adoption.................................................................. 5 Successfully Replicating Models ...................................................................................... 6 Conclusions About Coalitions..................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 4. Research and Development............................................................................................. 1 Need to Study, Monitor, and Evaluate ........................................................................................ 3 Gathering and Using Evidence of Program Performance............................................................ 5 Distinguishing Among Program Evaluation, Monitoring, Assessment....................................... 8 Program Evaluation........................................................................................................... 8 Program Monitoring.......................................................................................................... 9 Program Assessment ......................................................................................................... 9 Using Information to Improve Performance ............................................................................. 10 Linking Program Development, Performance Measurement, and Evaluation into Evidence-Based System.................................................................................................. 10 Challenges to Drawing Conclusions about Program Effects..................................................... 12 ii Contents Abt Associates Inc. Selection and Self-Selection into Programs ....................................................................13 Selection Out Of Programs..............................................................................................13 Lack of Uniformity in Programming or Environments ...................................................13 Chapter 5: The Case for Focusing on Demand.................................................................................1 The Need to Combat Commercial Sex ........................................................................................2 Stratification of the Commercial Sex Industry ..................................................................3 Human Trafficking and Prostitution..................................................................................4 Vulnerable Women and Girls Drawn Into Prostitution .....................................................4 Negative Impact of Commercial Sex.................................................................................5 Commercial Sex Markets...........................................................................................................10 Markets for Prostitution and Sex Trafficking Driven by Demand ..................................12 Influence of the Military on Prostitution and Sex Trafficking ........................................15 Tactics for Combating Demand .................................................................................................18 Tactics Directly Addressing Johns.............................................................................................19 Evidence of Deterrence..............................................................................................................20 Chapter 6: Combating Demand in Atlanta, Cook County, and San Francisco............................1 Overview......................................................................................................................................1 I. Combating Demand in Cook County and Chicago, Illinois ....................................................2 Overview of the Collaborators ..........................................................................................3 A History of Efforts to Combat Demand in Cook County and Chicago ...........................3 The Involvement of Local Government in Combating Demand in Chicago.....................9 CAASE’S First Three Years: Awareness Raising and Research ....................................11 Acquisition of the Justice Project Against Sexual Harm.................................................13 CAASE’s Current Work..................................................................................................14 Public Policy and Advocacy............................................................................................14 Abt Associates Inc. Contents iii Other Anti-Demand Initiatives in Chicago ..................................................................... 23 Lessons Learned from the Survey................................................................................... 24 CAASE’s Curriculum ..................................................................................................... 26 Collaborative Partners....................................................................................................
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