Study of Mnemiopsis Leidyi Diet and Reproduction in the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea

Study of Mnemiopsis leidyi diet and reproduction in the southern coasts of Caspian Sea

Item Type Report

Authors Bagheri, Siamak; Mirzajani, A.; Sabkara, J.; Kiabi, B.; Makaremi, M.; Roohi, A.; Khodaparast, H.; Shuomali, M.; Ghasemi, S.; Parafkande, F.

Publisher Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Download date 07/10/2021 19:38:15

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/13061

MINISTRY OF JIHAD - E - AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ORGANIZATION IRANIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH ORGANIZATION- INLAND WATERS AQUACUTURE RESEARCH CENTER

Study of Mnemiopsis leidyi diet and reproduction in the southern coasts of Caspian Sea

Executor : Siamak Bagheri

85.521

Ministry of Jihad e Agriculture Agriculture Research and Education Organization IRANIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH ORGANIZATION INLAND WATERS AQUACULTURE RESEARCH CENTER

Title : Study of Mnemiopsis leidyi diet and reproduction in the southern coasts of Caspian Sea Approved Number :80-0710340000-09 Author: Siamak Bagheri Executor : Siamak Bagheri Collaborator : A. Mirzajani- J. Sabkara- B. kiabi- M. Makaremi- A. Roohi-H. Khodaparast- M. Shuomali. S- Ghasemi- F. Parafkande Advisor : B. Kiabi Location of execution : Guilan Date of Beginning : 2003 Period of execution : 1 years and 6 months Publisher : Iranian Fisheries Research Organization Circulation : 15 Date of publishing : 2007

Lobata Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi

M.leidyi .

M.leidyi

METU net

M.leidyi . ±

Copepoda Acartia

Cladocera Podon polyphemoides

Lamllibranchia

Acartia

Copepoda

M.leidyi

Mnemiopsis leidyi

Lobata Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

Mnemiopsis

(Agassiz, 1965

Mnemiopsis leidyi (A.Agassiz,1965)

Miller Harbison et al., 1978

Mnemiopsis

Simmons, 1975

Burrel & Van Engel.,

M.leidyi 1976

M.leidyi

Pereladov, 1988

Kideys, 1994

350 2500

300

2000 ) 2 m /

250 g ( t h g 1500 i 200 e w t e w s 150 i 1000 s p o i m

100 e n

500 M 50

0 0 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Years

Dumont M.leidyi

Dumont (GESAMP, 1997

Ivanov

Ctenophora

Coelenterata

Mnemiopsis leidyi

M.leidyi

Shiganova, 2002

Mnemiopsis

M.leidyi

Romanova Finenko Revkov Zaika Mutlu Purcell

M.leidyi

. Shiganova, 2002)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81

(Shiganova, 2002

tee no fo rah Ctenophore Ctenophore

Gilbert and Raonio, 1997)

Beroidae Colloblast

Pechenik, 2000) Macrocilia

Mesoglea

Triploblastic

Pechenik, 2000

Pleurobrachia pileus

Leucothea Cestus veneris

(Macginitie & Macginitie, 1968

Macginitie & Macginitie, 1968

Martindale & Henry, 1997 Zaika & Revkov, 1994

Centrolecithal

Vitelline membrane

Syncytium

Martindale & Henry, 1997

Zaika & Revkov, 1994

(Martindale & Henry, 1997

Sinus

Martindale & Henry, 1997

Mnemiopsis Beroe

Aster

Martindale & Henry, 1997 Syngamy

Mnemiopsis leidyi

Beroe cucumis Bolinopsis Zaika & Revkov, 1994

Beroe ovata

Arashkevich et al., 2001

Barnes, 1968

Cydippid

Martindale & Henry, 1997

Mnemiopsis leidyi

Dissogeny . Paedogenesis

Cydippida Lobata

Martindale & Henry, 1997 Shiganova, 2002

Martindale & Henry, 1997

. (Macginitie & Macginitie, 1968)

Martindale & Henry, 1997

METU net M.leidyi

METU net

Bagheri & Kideys, 2002 R2=0.96 W= 0.0013*L2.33

3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 0 10 20 30 40

Bagheri & Kideys, 2002

M.leidyi

± Kideys et al., 2001 M.leidyi

M.leidyi

Judy net

. Rutner

Bogavrov Stample

Newell, 1977

(Newell,1977.; Vollenweider,1974 ; Clesceri et al., 1989)

Excel

4500 y = 677,01x1,3672 4000 R2 = 0,6822 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4

2 350 y = 0,1325x - 2,5418x + 23,954 R2 = 0,6002 300 250

200

150 100

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

3000 y = 1265,5x2,6382 R2 = 0,7329 2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4

± M.leidyi

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

A.Kideys

M.leidyi

Cydippida

M.leidyi

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

M.leidyi

Copepoda Acartia Acartia M.leidyi

Ciliata Cirripedia Balanus Acartia

Cladocera Ponon polyphemoides Lamllibranchia

Rotatoria Rotatoria Brachionus

a a a g a o g a ia a g t i r g d o g o ri g ia d e e o z e z h o e il e c p t o c t ip o d s h r n a ia C r d o e e s d a t r ir a p p i y r o o l e o ig F ib R t C C p C D H ll ta o m o C a R L

M.leidyi

Thalasionema Chrysophyta

Phacus Euglenaphyta Osillatoria Cyanophyta

Senedesmus Chlorophyta Prorocentrum Pyrrophyta

0 Chrysophyta Cyanophyta Euglenophyta Pyrrophyta chlorophyta

M.leidyi

0 0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45

Rotatoria M.leidyi

Lamllibranchia

4 3

0 C C H L C R F R C D o i y a i o i o o a p li d m rr t s t p i e a r i a h if e g p ta o ll p to e e p e z ib e r g r s o o r d i g e o t d a a ia a g d z a n g a o c e o h g ia g

± Copepoda

± Protozoa

± Cladocera

Foraminifera

Rotatoria Acartia & Copepoda egg

Copepoda nauplii Acartia

Zoo digest Balanus nauplii

8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 C C C F F F L P P R i o ir la o is s o a o o r d p h h r m ly r ta i o e a c o p p e la m ll h t to e c g r ib o r d e o g v in r a z i ia r d a i a e o a a a e fe n ta a r c a h ia

Copepoda

Copepoda Rotatoria Cladocera

Podon polyphemoides Cladocera Halicyclops, Acartia

Pyrrophyta

Cyanophyta

Chlorophyta

900000 800000 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0

Chryso Cyano Eugleno pyrro Chloro

Shiganova

Mnemiopsis

Dumont Harbison Kremer, 1994

Ctenophora

M.leidyi

Shiganova et al., 1997

M.leidyi

Baker and Reeve, 1974

Arashkevich

Shiganova et al., 2001

Revkov Zaika

Beroe Arashkevich et al., 2001

Finenko

Romanova

Arashkevich

Mnemiopsis leidyi

Zaika & Revkov, 1994

Romanova Finenko 2000 ; Kremer,1994

Kideys

M.leidyi

Arashkevich

Zaika & Revkov, 1994

Shiganova

Mnemiopsis

Acartia

Revkov Zaika M. leidyi

Mnemiopsis

Smayda Deason

Mnemiopsis

Thalasionema Chrysophyta

Dumont Harbison Prorocentrum Pyrrophyta

Acartia Acartia M.leidyi

Rotatoria Podon polyphemoides Lamllibranchia Ciliata Balanus Acartia

Rotatoria

M.leidyi Mutlu

Copepoda Copepoda ,Mollusca ,Cladocera ,Rotatoria

Sergeeva

M.leidyi Copepoda M. leidyi

Purcell et al , 2001 Ciliata, Cirripedia, Copepoda

Nelson,1925; Burrel &Van Engel, 1976; Larson,1987

Mnemiopsis Purcell

Kremer, 1994

± Copepoda

Foraminifera

Dumont Harbison Copepoda

Podon polyphemoides Cladocera Halicyclops ,Acartia Copepoda

Cladocera Copepoda

Moina , Calanipeda , Cyclops

Antoaneta et al., 2002)

Mnemiopsis

M. leidyi Purcell et al., 2001 )

Paracalanus parvus

Ostrovskaya et al ., 1998) Centropages ponticus

M.leidyi

M.leidyi Narragansett

M.leidyi Vinogradov Deason & Smayda, 1982

M.leidyi

Purcell Shiganova et al., 2001

M. leidyi

Shiganova et al., 1997 M. leidyi

Cyanophyta Pyrrophyta

Chrysophyta

Pyrrophyta

Kideys & Romanova, 2001)

(Deason & Smayda, 1982)

Kideys

Kideys Huso huso

Copepoda

Acartia

M.leidyi

.(Bagheri & Kideys, 2002)

Acartia

CEP

Mnemiopsis leidyi

Agassiz A., 1965. North American Acalephae. Illustrated catalog of the Museum of Compar. Zool.Vol. 2. pp.1-234. Antoaneta, T.; Kremena, S.; Trayan.; T. and Ulrich, N., 2002. Zooplankton and macrozoobenthic communities of the Varna Beloslav Lakes System 1906-2001. How economy and industry affected the ecology? A case study. 1045 P. Arashkevich E. G.; Anokhina, L. L.; Vostokov, . S. V.; Dritz, A. V.; Lukasheva, T. A.; Luppova N. E.; Musaeva, E. I.and Tolomeev A. N., 2001. Reproductive Strategy of Beroe ovata (Ctenophora, Atentaculata, Beroida)-A New Invader in the Black Sea. Marine biology, Vol. 41. No. 1, pp. 111- 115. Bagheri, S. and Kideys, A. E., 2002. Distribution and abundance of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea. Oceanography of the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. METU Cultural and Convetion Center Ankara/ TURKEY. 342 P. Baker, L. D. and Reeve, M. R., 1974. Laboratoy culture of lobate Ctenophora Mnemiopsis with notes on feeding and fecundity. Marine Biol. Vol. 31. pp. 61-74. Barnes R., 1968. Invertebrates zoology. W.B. Sanuders company. 743 P. Burrel ,V. G. and Van Engel W.A., 1976. Predation by and distribution of a Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi (A.Agassiz), in the York estuary. Estuarine Coast. Mar.Sci, Vol. 4. pp. 235-242. Clesceri, L. S.; Greenberg, A. F. and Trussell, R. R., 1989. Standard method, American Public Health Association,Washington, U.S.A. 548 P Deason, E. E and Smayda, T.J., 1982. Experimental evaluation of herbivory in the Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi relevant to Ctenophora-zooplankton-phytoplankton interactions in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island USA.j. plankton Res.Vol. 4. pp. 219-221. Dumont, H. J., 1995. Ecocide in the Caspian Sea. Marine Biology, Vol. 25. pp. 673-674. Finenko, G. A. and Romanova, Z. A., 2000. Population Dynamics and Energetic of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in Sevastopol Bay. Marin Biol. Vol. 40. pp. 677-685. GESAMP(IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP) Join Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection,. 1997. Opportunistic settlers and the problem of the Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi invasion in the Black Sea. Rep Stud. Vol. 58. pp. 34-87. Gilbert, S. F. and Raonio, A. M., 1997. Embryology: Constructing the organism, Sinauer Associates. pp. 87-111. Harbison, G. R.; Madin L. P. and Swanberg, N. R., 1978. On the natural history and distribution of oceanic Ctenophoras. Deep- Sea Research. Vol. 25. pp. 233-256. Harbison, R. and Dumont, H.J., 2000. Invasion of the Caspian Sea by Comb Jellyfish Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora). Oceanography. pp.12-23. Ivanov, P. I.; Kamakima, A. M.; Ushivtzev, V.B.; Shiganova, T.A.; Zhukova, O.; Aladin. N.;Wilson, S. I.; Harbison, G. R.and Domunt, H. J., 2000. Invasion of Caspian Sea by the come jelly fish Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora), Biological Invasion. Vol. 2. pp. 255-258. Kideys, A. E., 1994. Recent dramatic changes in the Black Sea ecosystem: the reason for the sharp decline in Turkish Anchoy fisheries. J Mar Syst. Vol. 5. pp. 171-181. Kideys, E. A.; Ghasemi, S.; Ghaninejad, D.; Roohi, A. and Bagheri, S. 2000. Strategy for combating Mnemiopsis in the Caspian Waters of Iran.CEP, Final Report . 15 P. Kideys, A. E. and Romanova, Z., 2001. Distribution of gelatinous Macro zooplankton in the southern Black Sea during 1996-1999. Marin Biology.Vol. 139. pp.535-575.

Kideys A. E.; Finenko, G. A.; Anninsky, B. E.; Shiganova, T. A.; Roohi, A.; Tabari, M.; Youseffyan, M. M.; Rostamian, T.; Rostami, H.; Negarestan, H., 2001. Physiological characteristic of Ctenophore Beroe ovata in Caspian sea water. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 266. pp. 111-121. Kremer, P., 1994. Patterns of abundance of Mnemiopsis in U.S. coastal waters: a comparative overview. ICES J Mar Sci. Vol. 51. pp. 347-354. Larson, R. J., 1987. Feeding and functional morphology of the lobate Ctenophora Mnemiopsis Maccadyi. Estuar. Coastal shelf Sci. pp. 495-502. Macginitie, G. E. and Macginitie, N., 1968. Natural history of marine animals. MacGraw-hill book company. 523 P. Martindale, M. Q. and Henry, J. Q., 1997. Reassessing embryogenesis in the Ctenophora: the inductive role of Mnemiopsis leidyi, Development 124, pp. 1999-2006. Mutlu, E., 1999. Distribution and abundance of Ctenophora and their zooplankton food in the Black Sea. Marine Biology. Vol. 135. pp. 603-613. Miller, R. J., 1974. Distribution and biomass of an estuarine Ctenophora population, Mnemiopsis leidyi (A.Agassiz). Chesapeake Sci.Vol. 15. pp. 1-8. Nelson, T.C., 1925. On the occurrence and food habitat of Ctenophora in new Jersey Island Coastal waters. Biol. Bull., Vol. 48. pp. 92-111. Newell, G. E., 1977. Marine plankton. Hutchinson and Sons Co. London. 244 P. Ostrovskaya, N.A.; Gubanova, A. D.; Kideys, A. E.; Melnikov, V. V.; Nierman, U. and Ostrovsky, E. V., 1998. Production and biomass of Acartia clausi in the Black Sea during summer before and after Mnemiopsis outburst. In Oguz, T. (Eds), NATO TU-Black Sea Project Modeling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea, Symposium on Scientific Results. Kluwer Acad, Pub l. pp.163-170.. Pechenik, J. A., 2000. Biology of the invertebrates, forth edition, Mc Graw- Hill international Publication, pp. 127-138. Pereladov, M.V., 1988. Some observation for biota of Sudak Bay of the Black Sea. Thethird All-Russia Conference on Marine Biology. Kive, Naukova Dumka, pp. 237-238. Purcell, J. E.; Shiganova, A. T.; Decker, M. B. and Houde, E. D., 2001. The Ctenophora Mnemiopsis in native and exotic habitats: U.S. estuaries versus the Black Sea basin. Hydrobiology. Vol. 451. pp.145-147. Sergeeva, N. G.; Zaika V. E. and Mikhailova, T. V., 1990. Nutrition of Ctenophora Mnemiopsis maccradyi (Ctenophora, Lobata) in the Black Sea (in Russian). Zool J. Ecologia Morya. Vol. 35. pp. 8-22. Shiganova, T. A.; Ozsoy, E. and Mikaelyan, A., 1997. Mnemiopsis leidyi abundance in the Black Sea and its impact on the pelagic community, Sensivity of the North, Baltic Sea and Black Sea to Anthropogenic and Climatic Changes. Oceanology. Vol. 37, pp. 117-130. Shiganova, A. T.; Kamakin, A. M.; Zhukova, O. P.; Ushivtsev, V. B.; Dulimov, A. B. and Museava, E. I., 2001. The Invader into the Caspian sea Ctenophora Mnemiopsis and its initial effect on the pelagic ecosystem. Oceanology, Vol. 41. pp. 542-549. Shiganova, A. T., 2002. Environmental Impact Assessment including Risk Assessment regarding a proposed Introduction of Beroe ovata to the Caspian Sea. Institute of Shiroshove RAS, Russia, 45 P. Simmons, E. G., 1975. Beroe collected in salinities as high as 75 ppt, Mnemiopsis abundant, in upper Laguna Mader. Pub l. Inst. Mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, Vol. 4. pp. 156-200. Vinogradov, M. E.; Arashkevitch, E. G. and Ichenko, S. V., 1992. The ecology of the Calanus ponticus population in the deeper layer of its concentration in the Black Sea.Vol. 14. pp. 447-458. Vollenweider, A. R., 1974. A manual on methods for measuring premiery production in aquatic environmental. Black well Scientific Publication. Oxford, London. 423 P. Zaika, V. E. and Revkov, N. K., 1994. Anatomy of gonads and regime of spawning of ctenophora Mnemiopsis in the Black Sea. Zool. Vol. 73. pp. 5-10.

Abstract Mnemiosis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophora phylum and Lobata order. Mnemiopsis leidyi first appear in the Black Sea in 1980s and reached to the biomass levels up to 1.5-2 kg m2 in the Summer of 1989. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophora caused the dramatic decrease of zooplonkton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnmiopsis leidyi, zooplankton and phytoplankton started from July to December 2002 from a total of 2 stations located Anzali and Khazarabad by METU net in the Iranian Coasts of the Caspian Sea. Experimental studies on Mnemiopsis have indicated that Mnemiopsis begins to produce eggs in the Caspian Sea, when it reaches length about 15 mm. Although eggs were obtained even from specimen with 12 mm length and weight of 0.5 g. The most abundant size of reproducing Mnemiopsis was 20-30 mm in the Caspian Sea. Average fecundity of M.leidyi in the Caspian Sea was 1174±741 eggs/day with maximum 2824 eggs/day for specimens with length group of 30-39 mm and the weight about 2.0-2.7 g. Percentage of hatched eggs was not high in experiments with M.leidyi the range from 9 to 92 % after 24 hours. The maximum produce egg of M.leidyi measured with mean 845±733 eggs/day in Salinity of 11 ppt and the minimum egg recorded with mean 2 eggs/day in salinity of 4 ppt. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different months and its maximum biomass was recorded in August with a figure of 384±156 g.m2 and the minimum biomass was observed in December with a figure of 87±46 g.m2 . The gut contents of Mnemiopsis leidyi showed a wide variety of prey including 84 % of zooplanktons and 16 % of Phytoplanktons.The most abundance of intaked foods was Acartia (belong to Copepoda ) with 34 % and the least was podon polyphemoides (belongs to Cladocera) with 0.74 %. Also 3.0 % of fish eggs and 4.2 % of Lamllibrachia were found among stomach contents.The young specimen (5< mm) consumed more zooplanktons and phytoplanktons comparing to adult ones. Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian sea. Fecundity of Mnemiopsis showed correlation to the length and wet weight in the Caspian Sea and reprodaction of M.leidyi was done small size in comparing with other area in the Caspian Sea. Salinity, water temperature and food availability is the most important factor in producing eggs in M.leidyi. It seems, that Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been one of the most important factor in declining zoolankton populations and Clupeonella stocks. This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.daneprairie.com. The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only.