Historia naturalis bulgarica, 21: 49-168, 2015

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian sector of the Black Sea and the coastal brackish basins

Zdravko Hubenov

Abstract: A total of 19 types, 39 classes, 123 orders, 470 families and 1537 species are known from the Bulgarian Black Sea. They include 1054 species (68.6%) of marine and marine-brackish forms and 508 species (33.0%) of freshwater-brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms, connected with water. Five types (Nematoda, Rotifera, Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca) have a high species richness (over 100 species). Of these, the richest in species are Arthropoda (802 species – 52.2%), Annelida (173 species – 11.2%) and Mollusca (152 species – 9.9%). The remaining 14 types include from 1 to 38 species. There are some well-studied regions (over 200 species recorded): first, the vicinity of Varna (601 spe- cies), where investigations continue for more than 100 years. The aquatory of the towns Nesebar, Pomorie, Burgas and Sozopol (220 to 274 species) and the region of Cape Kaliakra (230 species) are well-studied. Of the coastal basins most studied are the lakes Durankulak, Ezerets-Shabla, Beloslav, Varna, Pomorie, Atanasovsko, Burgas, Mandra and the firth of Ropotamo River (up to 100 species known). The vertical distribution has been analyzed for 800 species (75.9%) – marine and marine-brackish forms. The great number of species is found from 0 to 25 m on sand (396 species) and rocky (257 species) bottom. The groups of stenohypo- (52 species – 6.5%), stenoepi- (465 species – 58.1%), meso- (115 species – 14.4%) and eurybathic forms (168 species – 21.0%) are represented. The marine and marine-brackish species are divided into 162 zoogeographical categories, combined into 4 main groups and 16 subgroups. The main portion of the Black Sea fauna has an Atlantic-Mediterranean origin and represents the impoverished Atlantic-Mediterranean fauna (740 species – 70.2%). Cosmopolitan, Atlantic-Indian, Atlantic-Pacific, endemic and Caspian relict forms are represented. The benthic (115 species – 97.5%) and marine (114 species – 96.6%) forms of the Black Sea endemics (118 species – 11.2%) predominate. The brackish endemics (11 species – 9.3%) most often are Caspian relicts. The main portions of the Caspian relicts (41 species – 3.9%) are benthic brackish forms (38 species – 92.7%). The freshwater- brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms, connected with water, are divided into 80 zoogeographical categories, com- bined into 2 groups and 5 subgroups. Typical for the coast is the prevalence of the species, distributed in Palaearctic and beyond it (296 species – 58.3%). Species, distributed only in Palaearctic but in more than one subregion (79 species – 15.5%) and species, distributed within one Palaearctic subregion (126 species – 24.8%) are represented – Eu- rosiberian (55 species – 10.8%) and Mediterranean (71 species – 13.9%). A short characteristic of the planktonic and benthic cenoses is done and some coastal basins are scrutinized. An attention is paid to the invasive immigrants that changed the Black Sea communities during the last 60 years. The species of economic and conservation importance are discussed.

Key words: Bulgarian Black Sea coast, invertebrates, species composition, zoogeography, invasive alien species

Introduction Bulgarian Black Sea fauna has been studied anthropogenic impact and large landscape changes. for more than 100 years (Chichkoff 1907, 1908, Considerable changes in the Black Sea cenoses are 1912, 1924). A vast material of faunistic data, con- caused by some invasive species, introduced in the last cerning Bulgarian Black Sea has been accumulated. 100 years (Cvetkov & Marinov, 1986; Konsulov, During the last 50 years, the coast is under a drastic 1998; Gomoiu et al., 2002). The dynamic natures of

49 50 Zdravko Hubenov the fauna, economic and social importance of wildlife plans (Durankulak Lake, Shabla Lake, Pomorie Lake, and biodiversity conservation require periodic Atanasovsko Lake and protected area Poda). These updating of the faunistic diversity of Bulgaria. investigations are also included in the work. The published catalogues of the Bulgarian The categories of type class and order are used Black Sea fauna (Valkanov, 1957a; Valkanov & (an exception is made ​​for supertype Arthropoda be- Marinov, 1964; Marinov & Golemansky, 1989; cause of the structure of the superior taxonomic cat- Marinov, 1990; Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993) do egories). All water (marine, brackish and freshwater) not have a systematic character, and taxa of the genus and many terrestrial invertebrate animals, connected and species group (the families are not presented) with the coast and coastal basins are included. are in alphabetical order. These works are published In the numbering of the localities (Table 1), for in Bulgarian and the faunistic analyses there are too convenience, the old numbering used in catalogues of short. The published generalized studies in English Valkanov (1957a), Valkanov & Marinov (1964) by Konsulov (1998) and Konsulov & Konsulova and Marinov & Golemansky (1989) is presented. (1998) are similar to the works of Marinov (1990) In many cases, the information on the coastal basins, and Konsulov & Konsulova (1993). Some of the given in these publications is outdated (before 1957). used names are out-of-date and need to be updated. Today, a part of the brackish basins along the coast There is a contemporary systematic view for some do not exist in its original form. They are converted taxonomic groups, included in the monograph se- into bays, harbors, dams, have no connection with ries Fauna of Bulgaria (Polychaeta – Marinov, 1977; the sea or are drained. For most of the smaller basins Harpacticoida – Apostolov & Marinov, 1988), in there is a lack of present-day faunistic investigations. survey papers (Mollusca – Wilke, 1996; Hubenov, Twenty new localities, which have no equivalent in 2005b, 2007a, 2007b) or in dissertations (Nematoda the previous catalogues, are included. The number of – Stoykov, 1980; Crustacea: Malacostraca – known species in the separate localities is presented Uzunova, 2006). There is a lack of zoogeographi- as well. It shows mainly their level of study and to a cal characteristic of the fauna except Polychaeta, less extent, the actual species diversity. Harpacticoida, Malacostraca and Mollusca. The For the marine species, the depth to which they submitted zoogeographical analyses of the groups are established in the Bulgarian Black Sea is given mentioned above are done according to their origin (Table 2). Species, for which there are no data from or areography (different principle) and are difficult the Bulgarian coast, data from other regions of the to compare. Commonly the benthos hydrobionts are sea are presented. When information in the Bulgarian scrutinized separately from the plankton forms. A literature differs significantly from the one, reported generalized zoogeographical work on the Bulgarian for other parts of the sea, the respective foreign data Black Sea fauna lacks. for the Black Sea are presented, after the Bulgarian data. In freshwater Mollusca, the presented depth re- Approach, material and methods fers to the whole country. For species that inhabit both fresh and salt wa- The aim of this work is to present the Bulgarian ters, an areographical categorization for seas and marine invertebrate fauna as well as to analyze the freshwater basins is presented. The categorization taxonomic diversity, the level of study and some zo- for the freshwaters is given in brackets (Table 2). ogeographical and ecological features of the Black Some taxa, distributed both in the sea and freshwa- Sea invertebrates. ters (Supercosmopolitan) are analyzed both to the The investigations of the Black Sea territory for marine and freshwater forms. The brackish species the last two centuries are generalized in this work. are included to marine or freshwater forms accord- The paper generalizes the works of Caspers (1951), ing to the fact whether they are marine-brackish or Valkanov (1957a), Valkanov & Marinov (1964), freshwater-brackish. When the reports of species Marinov & Golemansky (1989), Marinov (1990), distribution are discrepant, a second categorization Konsulov & Konsulova (1993, 1998), Konsulov is presented. An attention is paid to the immigrants (1998) and Golemansky (2007). Data from 832 and invasive forms that had changed considerably publications and the dissertations of Konsulov the Black Sea communities in XX century. (1991), Kamburska (2004), Todorova (2005), There is no unanimity among the experts about Uzunova (2006) and Trayanova (2008) are in- the zoogeographical status of the Black Sea, which cluded. Currently some coastal wetlands have been is either considered as an independent subregion investigated in connection with their management or is unified with the Mediterranean Sea (and Lusi- Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 51

Table 1. Taxa localities (Symbols: * – highly altered habitat to the time of collection of the material; [ ] – old geographical names and old data, before 1957) Old Number Locality Number number of species Sea localities Durankulak [Blatnitsa] (Durankulak north – Durankulak Lake – Krapets) 1 1 131 Shabla (Shabla Lake – Shabla Tuzla – Cape Shabla) 2 2 153 Cape Kaliakra (Rusalka – Bolata – Cape Kaliakra) 3 3 230 Kavarna (Cape Chairburun – Cape Chirakman – Cape Kalkanburun) 4 4 138 Balchik (Balchik Tuzla – Balchik) 5 5 172 Batova (Albena – Kranevo) 6 6 141 Varna (Golden Sands – Evksinograd – Varna – Cape Galata – Pasha Dere River) 7 7 601 Kamchiya (Cape Ilandzhik – Camping Ray – Kamchiya River – Shkorpilovtsi) 8 8 139 Byala (Cape Cherni – Byala – Dvoynitsa River – Obzor) 9 9 128 Cape Emine (Irakli – Cape Emine – Cocketrice sandy bank) 10 10 176 Nesebar (Elenite – Sunny Beach – Nesebar – Ravda) 11 11 256 Pomorie (Aheloy – Pomorie – Camping Evropa – Cape Lahna) 12 12 220 Burgas (Saraphovo – Burgas – Kraymorie – Park Rosenets – Cape Chukalya) 13 13 264 Sveta Anastasiya Island [Bolshevik Island] 14 14 136 Chernomorets (Cape Atiya – Chernomorets – Cape Chervenka [Cape Hrisotira]) 15 15 134 Sozopol (Camping Gradina – Sozopol – Kavatsite – Dyuni) 16 15 274 Cape Maslen Nos (Alepu Marsh – Ropotamo River – C. Maslen Nos – Stomoplo Marsh) 17 16 184 Primorsko (Stomoplo Marsh – Primorsko – Dyavolska Reka River) 18 17 133 Kiten [Urdoviza] (International Youth Centre – Kiten – Karaagach River – Lozenets) 19 18 133 Tsarevo [Michurin, Vasiliko] (Cape Arapya – Tsarevo – Varvara) 20 19 177 Ahtopol (Varvara – Achtopol – Veleka River) 21 20 143 Sinemorets (Sinemorets – Silistar River – Rezovo) 22 20 140 Zostera overgrowths (0-6 m) 23 45 Rocky sublittoral, Cystoseira and other algae, Mytilus (from 0.5-1 m to 15-25 m) 24 257 Sandy sublittoral (1-25 m); clean sand – to 17 m, with Branchiostoma – to 20 m 25 396 Coastal silt (from 15-20 m to 30-40 m); dominated by Melinna – to 25-30 m 26 115 Mytilus silt (from 15-20 m to 60-80 m) 27 148 Phaseolina silt (from 65 m to 140-180 m) 28 104 Black Sea, pelagic in front of the Bulgarian coast 29 55 Localities along the sea coast Lithotelms, Shabla – Cape Kaliakra, Varna 32 21 15 Lithotelms, Ravda, Sozopol – Cape Maslen Nos 33 22 40 Basins of Varna Aquarium 34 25 11 Subterranean (ground) waters of sandy beach, interstitial, mesopsamal 35 26 146 Sunny Beach, coastal zone, sand bottom and floating algae 36 29 4 Arkutino, coastal zone 37 27 4 Camping (Residence) Perla, coastal zone, sand bottom and floating algae 38 30 4 Kiten, coastal zone, sand bottom and floating algae 39 28 5 Lozenets, coastal zone 40 31 4 Small saltwater marshes along the coast 41 72 8 Small freshwater marshes along the coast 42 73 26 Mouths of small streams 43 74 3 Temporary salty puddles and floods around the coastal basins 44 79 4 Rocks along the entire coast, rocky supralittoral 45 76 14 Algae washed ashore along the coast, supralittoral 46 77 23 Salty soils around coastal basins 47 78 28 52 Zdravko Hubenov

Table 1. Continued

Old Number Locality Number number of species Terrestrial coastal zone with halophilic plants (to 50-100 m from the sea) 48 75 24 Sea coastal zone; littoral (medio- or pseudolittoral) 49 24 Rocky littoral (medio- or pseudolittoral, enteromorpha zone) 50 16 Sandy littoral (medio- or pseudolittoral) 51 64 Sandy supralittoral 52 8 Springs and wells with brackish water along the coast, Durakulak – Cape Kaliakra 53 1 Springs along the coast, Sozopol – Cape Maslen Nos 54 2 Coastal basins (lakes, swamps, firths and river floods) Durankulak [Blatnitsa] Lake: [0-5‰, 3.4 km2, depth 4 m], 1-4‰, average salinity – 2‰ 58 41 113 Ezerets Lake: [1-2‰, average salinity – 1.6‰], 0.58-0.79‰, 0.72 km2, depth 9.0 m 59 42 101 Shabla Lake: [0.1-2‰, 0.6-1.6‰], 0.52-0.60‰, 0.79 km2, depth 9.5 m 60 42 137 *Schabla Tuzla: [10-30‰], 22-200‰, 0.19 km2, depth 0.6 m 61 43 17 Nanevska Tuzla [Tauk Liman]: 1-90‰ (often about 20‰) 0.10 km2, depth 0.3 m 62 3 *Bolata River Mouth: 0.1‰ 63 44 13 *Balchik Tuzla: [80-150‰], 35-160‰, 0.14 km2, depth 0.5-0.8 m 64 45 7 Batova River Mouth and Swamp: 0.03-6‰, depth 0.5-1 m, 65 46 9 *Golden Sands Marshes: [0-60‰] 66 47 7 *Sindel [Sultanlar] Swamp: [0‰] 67 48 6 *Beloslav [Devnya, Gebedzhe] Lake: 0.1-15.6‰, 3.90 km2, depth 3.5 m, sea canal – 1923 68 49 160 *Varna Lake: [5-14‰], 6.5-8-16.8‰, 17.40 km2, depth 19 m, sea canals – 1909, 1976 69 50 264 Pasha Dere [Chatal Dere, Novata Voda] River Mouth: [0-7‰] 70 51 10 Kamchiya River Mouth – Swamps: [0.4-0.7‰], average 0.1‰ 71 52 53 Fandakliyska Reka [Shkorpilova] River Mouth: [0.1‰] 72 53 11 *Dvoynitsa [Cherta, Suha Kamchiya] River Mouth 73 8 *Hadzhiyska River Mouth [Nesebar Marsh]: [1-10‰] 74 54 30 Aheloy River Mouth 75 9 Pomorie Lake: 30-70 to 140‰, 8.50 km2, depth 1.4 m 76 55 106 Atanasovsko Lake: 1-250‰, average 50-60‰, 16.90 km2, depth 0.3-0.8 m 77 56 113 *Burgas [Vaya] Lake: [9-20‰], 1.8-45‰, average 10.6‰, 27.60 km2, depth 1.3 m 78 57 89 *Mandra Dam [Mandra Lake to 1963]: [0.1-12‰, max. 30‰, 14.00 km2, depth 1.1-5 m] 79 58 94 Uzungeren-Poda Complex: 0.1-32‰, 3.12 km2 80 80 Tsiganski Skelet Marsh [Chengene Skele Marsh]: [7-20‰] 81 59 11 Alepu Marsh: 4-11-27‰ (usually 3.5-7.2‰), 0.14 km2, depth 0.6-1 m 82 60 14 Arkutino Marsh: 0.1-1‰, 0.03 km2, depth 0.5 m 83 24 Ropotamo River Mouth: 5-15‰ 84 61 97 Stomoplo Marsh: [2-25‰], 1.5-4‰, 6-14‰, 0.06 km2, depth 0.5 m 85 62 20 *Dyavolsko Blato Swamp: [1-20‰], 6-14‰, 0.80 km2, depth 1 m 86 63 78 *Dyavolska Reka River Mouth: depth 4 m 87 10 Karaagachka Reka [Kitenska, Oryashka] River Mouth and Swamp: [5-15‰] 88 64 68 Tsarevska Reka [Michurinska (small)] River: [3‰] 89 65 10 Izgrevsko Dere [Michurinska Reka (great)] River: [5-10‰] 90 66 14 Puddles and mouths of streams between Tsarevo and Ahtopol 91 67 12 Veleka River Mouth: [0-0.5‰] 92 68 59 Butamyata [Potamyata] River Mouth: [12‰] 93 69 22 Silistar River Mouth: [5-15‰] 94 70 25 Rezovska Reka [Rezvaya] River Mouth: [0-1.45‰] 95 71 30 Black Sea coastal lakes and swamps 96 71 Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 53 tanean Atlantic subregion). The zoogeographical Copepods, World Polychaeta Database, WoRMS scheme used here (Table 5) is based on the works of (World Register of Marine Species). Guryanova (1964), De Lattin (1967), Golikov & Starobogatov (1968, 1972), Starobogatov Unexplored territories and literature (1970), Mordukhay-Boltovskoy (1972), Golik- data ov (1982), Nesis (1982), Riedl (1983), Bănărescu (1990), Abbott & Dance (1991), Elder & Pernet- Despite the prolonged hydrobiological ta (1991), Bruyne (2003), Hook (2008), Earle & investigations and good knowledge of the Bulgarian Glover (2009). The zoogeographical categorization Black Sea fauna as a whole, unexplored areas still of species is done on the basis of data of their dis- remain. The possible reasons for this fact are as fol- tribution, taken from the literature and the newest lows: lack of specialists on many taxonomic groups; electronic issues (Tables 2, 5 and 6). great loading of the specialists with environmen- The presented ecological data (Table 2) are tal or conservation projects, therefore the time for taken from the Bulgarian literature. Only if there are faunistic research is insufficient; periodic standard no data from Bulgaria, foreign data are included for surveys of the fixed number of monitoring stations, the corresponding species. The conservation value of a relative remoteness of natural science centers; a taxa is determined regarding to their populations in- poor attendance by many zoologists in comparison habiting Bulgaria. For local endemics, 100% of their with other regions or change in coastal communi- populations are localized in Bulgaria, therefore they ties as a result of anthropogenic impact. Most of the are given the highest conservation category (world literature data related to these regions are fragmen- importance). This category also includes regional tary, outdated, concern separated systematic groups endemics because of their restricted distribution and or are scattered in different works which are not spe- species from the IUCN Red List. Taxa of European cially referred to them. importance include Black Sea endemics as well as the Today, the most poorly investigated territories species from Bern Convention and Habitats Directive. in regard to many groups are the southern coast Relicts and rare taxa (if not listed under other catego- (south of Cape Maslen Nos) and the coastal zone ry) form the group of national importance. The spe- with a depth less than 10 m, where the oceanograph- cies, included in Black Sea Red Data Book (Dumont ic ships rarely enter. Some of the coastal basins were et al., 1999), Red Data Book of Bulgaria (Biserkov & explored long ago so the investigations do not reflect Golemanski, 2011), European and IUCN Red List the recent condition of their fauna. are marked. Weaknesses in the literature data which limit The literature references (Table 2) do not include the obtaining of equivalent information for the com- all publications addressed to the corresponding spe- parison of the territories include: different levels of cies from the Bulgarian coast (to 9 references quoted). study of individual taxa; insufficient research of many Most often the first record of taxa is given, its inclusion groups in the corresponding areas; a lack of exact lo- in catalogues and some new or important literature calities for the part of the recorded species; existence data. Under updating of the names and specifying of rich synonymy; outdated data; a lack of general- of the species distribution, some electronic issues are ized investigations for most of the groups; significant used: Antarctic Invertebrates, CLEMAM (Check List differences in the number of taxa in the separate of European Marine Mollusca), DAISIE (Delivering areas; unexplored territories; prolonged periods of Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe), EOL data accumulation for most regions; predominance (Encyclopedia of Life), ERMS (European Register of ecological studies versus those of fauna; independ- of Marine Species), EUNIS biodiversity database, ent review of benthos and plankton forms. These Fauna Europaea, Global Invasive Species Database, weaknesses lead to the following 5 problems: Global Names Index, ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic 1. Continuous supplementation of an existing Information System), Marine Planktonic Copepods, historical list of fauna. As a result, species diversity Marine Species Identification Portal, MarLIN (The in a given area is higher than in reality. Marine Life Information Network), NARMS (North 2. Incomparability of data in terms of time peri- Atlantic Register for Marine Species), NeMys, ods. Data comparisons between two areas very often NEOBANIS (European Network on Invasive Alien cover different periods as it is not possible to study Species), PESI (A Pan-European Species directories all taxonomic groups and territories simultaneously. Infrastructure), PlanktonNet Image, OBIS (Ocean 3. Incomparability of benthos – plankton data. Biogeographic Information System), The World of Many studies are look at either benthos only or 54 Zdravko Hubenov plankton only, despite the fact that most taxa have amiswp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Southwest both a benthic and planktonic stages. Pacific, amiwp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-West 4. Incomplete reporting of anthropogenic in- Pacific, amj – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Japonic, fluences, successional and landscape changes on the amnei – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian, composition of the communities along the coast. A amnep – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Pacific, number of well-studied brackish basins in the past amni – Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Indian, amnp no longer exist or have changed. – Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Pacific, amnz – 5. Prioritization of research in areas under Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Zealand, amp – monitoring or environmental protection legislation. Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific, amrs – Atlantic- Mediterranean-Red Sea, amrsp – Atlantic- Abbreviations used Mediterranean-Red Sea-Pacific, amswp – Atlantic- Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific, amwi – Atlantic- Taxa: [ ] – names and synonyms under which Mediterranean-West Indian, amwp – Atlantic- the species are recorded for Bulgaria Mediterranean-West Pacific, anam – Arctic-North Distribution: 1-29 – Localities in Black Sea Atlantic-Mediterranean, anaminp – Arctic-North (1-10 – North Black Sea, 11-22 – South Black Sea), Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-North Pacific, anamip 32-54 – Localities along the coast, 58-96 – Coastal – Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, basins, figures – numbers of the localities in Table anamnep – Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean- 1 [dash before the figure (-7, -12) indicates the latter Northeast Pacific, anamnp – Arctic-North Atlantic- as maximum depth, dash after the figure (7-, 12-) Mediterranean-North Pacific, anamp – Arctic-North indicates the latter as minimum depth], ? – uncertain Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific, anamrs – Arctic- data or lack of data, * – outdated information and North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea, anap – significantly altered habitat versus time of collection Arctic-North Atlantic-Pontian, anapnep – Arctic- of the material North Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast Pacific, anclm – Zoogeographical categories (the abbreviations Antarctic-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, anpip – in brackets refer to the freshwater and terrestrial spe- Antarctic-Pontian-Indo-Pacific, antami – Antarctic- cies): aam – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean, aami – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian, antamip – Antarctic- Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian, aamip – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, antamp – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, aaminp Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific, ap – – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-North Pacific, Atlantic-Pontian, api – Atlantic-Pontian-Indian, aamni – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-North apswp – Atlantic-Pontian-Southwest Pacific, (ase) – Indian, aamswp – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean- Atlantic-South European, (atm) – Afrotropical- Southwest Pacific, aanambp – Arctic-Antarctic- Mediterranean, baap – Boreal-Antiboreal Atlantic- Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Pacific, aanamip – Pontian, bam – Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean, Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo- bambp – Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Pacific, aannam – Arctic-Antarctic-North Atlantic- Pacific, bami – Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean- Mediterranean, ab – Amphiboreal, abam – Arctic- Indian, bamnep – Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean- Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean, abambp – Arctic- Northeast Pacific, bamswp – Boreal Atlantic- Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Pacific, abap Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific, bap – Boreal – Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian, abapbp – Arctic- Atlantic-Pontian, bapbp – Boreal Atlantic-Pontian- Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Boreal Pacific, abapnep – Boreal Pacific, bapp – Boreal Atlantic-Pontian- Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast Pacific, ace Pacific, cacpnz – Carolinian-Celtic-Pontian-New – Arctic-Circumeuropean, acem – Arctic- Zealand, calm – Carolinian-Lusitanian- Circumeuropean-Mauritanian, acmnz – Arctic- Mediterranean, calp – Carolinian-Lusitanian- Celtic-Mediterranean-New Zealand, acp – Arctic- Pontian, cb – Circumboreal, cbm – Circumboreal- Celtic-Pontian, adep – Adriatic-Aegean-Pontian, adp Mediterranean, cbma – Circumboreal- – Adriatic-Pontian, adpc – Adriatic-Pontian-Caspian, Mediterranean-Australian, cclm – Carolinian-Celtic- am (am) – Atlantic-Mediterranean, ami – Atlantic- Lusitanian-Mediterranean, ccp – Carolinian-Celtic- Mediterranean-Indian, aminp – Atlantic- Pontian, ce – Circumeuropean, cem – Mediterranean-Indo-North Pacific, aminwp – Circumeuropean-Mauritanian, cg – Circumglobal, Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Northwest Pacific, clm – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, clmi – aminz – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-New Zealand, Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Indian, clmm – amip – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian, Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 55 clmnei – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northeast klm – Caribbean-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, kmm – Indian, clmnwi – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean- Caribbean-Mediterranean-Mauritanian, lm – Northwest Indian, clmnz – Celtic-Lusitanian- Lusitanian-Mediterranean, lmi – Lusitanian- Mediterranean-New Zealand, clmrs – Celtic- Mediterranean-Indian, lmm – Lusitanian- Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Red Sea, clmwi – Celtic- Mediterranean-Mauritanian, lmmg – Lusitanian- Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Indian, clp – Celtic- Mediterranean-Mauritanian-Guinean, lmmwi – Lusitanian-Pontian, clpnz – Celtic-Lusitanian- Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian-West Indian, Pontian-New Zealand, cm – Celtic-Mediterranean, lmnei – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian, cp – Celtic-Pontian, cpc – Celtic-Pontian-Caspian, lmnz – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-New Zealand, cpj – Celtic-Pontian-Japonic, cpnei – Celtic-Pontian- lmsa – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-South African, Northeast Indian, cpnz – Celtic-Pontian-New lmwi – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Indian, Zealand, cpwp – Celtic-Pontian-West Pacific, (cse) – lmwiwp – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Indo- Central and South European, (csee) – Central and West Pacific, lmwp – Lusitanian-Mediterranean- Southeast European, (cseea) – Central and Southeast West Pacific, lp – Lusitanian-Pontian, m – European-Anatolian, (cseeit) – Central and Southeast Mediterranean, (mca) – Mediterranean-Central European-Iran-Тuranian, (csena) – Central and Asian, miwp – Mediterranean-Indo-West Pacific, mj South European-North African, cst – – Mediterranean-Japonic, mmgt – Mediterranean- Circumsubtropical, (dp) – Disjunct Palaearctic, (e) – Mauritanian-Guinean-Tasmanian, mni – European, (ea) – European-Australian, eam – East Mediterranean-North Indian, mnz – Mediterranean- Atlantic-Mediterranean, eami – East Atlantic- New Zealand, mrs – Mediterranean-Red Sea, (mwca) Mediterranean-Indian, eamip – East Atlantic- – Mediterranean-West Central Asian, (na) – North Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, eamiswp – East American, nam – North Atlantic-Mediterranean, Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Southwest Pacific, namep – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-East Pacific, eamp – East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific, eamrs nami – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian, – East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea, eamswi – namim – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo- East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Indian, Malayan, naminz – North Atlantic-Mediterranean- eamwi – East Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Indian, Indo-New Zealand, namip – North Atlantic- (ean) – European-Anatolian, (Eb) – Balkan endemic, Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, namiwp – North (Ebg) – Bulgarian endemic, (eca) – European-Central Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-West Pacific, namj – Asian, (eit) – European-Iran-Тuranian, (El) – Local North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Japonic, namnei – Bulgarian endemic, em (em) – East Mediterranean, North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian, (emca) – East Mediterranean-Central Asian, (ena) – namnep – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast European-North African, (Ep) – Pontian endemic, Pacific, namni – North Atlantic-Mediterranean- ep – Aegean-Pontian, (Er) – Regional Bulgarian North Indian, namnp – North Atlantic- endemic, (esca) – Eurosiberian-Central Asian, (et) – Mediterranean-North Pacific, namnz – North European-Turanian, (ewca) – European-West Central Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Zealand, namp – North Asian, (h) – Holarctic, (ha) – Holarctic-Australian, Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific, namrs – North ham – Holatlantic-Mediterranean, (hat) – Holarctic- Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea, namrsnep – North Afrotropical, (hata) – Holarctic-Afrotropical- Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea-Northeast Pacific, Australian, (hn) – Holarctic-Neotropical, (hna) – namsp – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-South Holarctic-Neotropical-Australian, (hnat) – Holarctic- Pacific, namsep – North Atlantic-Mediterranean- Neotropical-Afrotropical, (hnata) – Holarctic- Southeast Pacific, namswp – North Atlantic- Neotropical-Afrotropical-Australian, (hno) – Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific, namwi – North Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental, (hnoa) – Holarctic- Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Indian, namwp – Neotropical-Oriental-Australian, (ho) – Holarctic- North Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Pacific, nap – Oriental, (hoa) – Holarctic-Oriental-Australian, North Atlantic-Pontian, napnei – North Atlantic- (hoes) – Holoeurosiberian, hom (hom) – Pontian-Northeast Indian, neamal – Northeast Holomediterranean, (hop) – Holopalaearctic, (hpt) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Aleutian, neamep – – Holarctic-Paleotropical, (hpta) – Holarctic- Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-East Pacific, Paleotropical-Australian, (hptn) – Holarctic- neaminz – Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo- Paleotropical-Neotropical, i – introduced species New Zealand, neamj – Northeast Atlantic- (immigrants), j – Japanese, K (k) – Cosmopolitan, Mediterranean-Japonic, neamnp – Northeast kclm – Caribbean-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Pacific, neamnz – 56 Zdravko Hubenov

Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Zealand, or lithophilous, M – marine, mb – mesobathic, mc neamswp – Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean- – Mytilus cenosis, ms – Mytilus silt, N – national im- Southwest Pacific, neamwp – Northeast Atlantic- portance, NE – not evaluated, NT – near threatened, Mediterranean-West Pacific, (nem) – Northeast o – oligosaprobic, p – plankton, pa – parasite, pe – Mediterranean, (nemit) – Northeast Mediterranean- pelophilous, ph – algae overgrowth or phytophilous, Iran-Тuranian, nm (nm) – North Mediterranean, phc – Phyllophora coenosis, phs – Phaseolina silt, po (nmwca) – North Mediterranean-West Central Asian, – potamophilous, pp – pelagic, ps – sand or psam- nz – New Zealand, (om) – Oriental-Mediterranean, mophilous, r – rare, rh – rhithrophilous, ro – rocky, (omca) – Oriental-Mediterranean-Central Asian, s – silt, sb – stenobathic, sep – stenoepibathic, sg – (omcaa) – Oriental-Mediterranean-Central Asian- shells and sand with shells, shb – stenohypobathic, Australian, p – Pontian, (pat) – Palearctic- sl – sublittoral zone (infra- and circalittoral, subti- Afrotropical, (pata) – Palearctic-Afrotropical- dal), slc – Cystoseira sublittoral, slr – rocky sublit- Australian, pc – Pontian-Caspian, pca – Pontian- toral, sls – sandy sublittoral, sp – supralittoral zone Caspian-Aral, pinz – Pontian-Indo-New Zealand, (supratidal), spr – rocky supralittoral, sps – sandy (pm) – Pontomediterranean, pnep – Pontian- supralittoral, sw – stagnant water, T – terrestrial, th – Northeast Pacific, (po) – Palearctic-Oriental, (poa) – thermophile, TL – terrestrial forms connected with Palearctic-Oriental-Australian, (ppt) – Palearctic- water, tx - trogloxene, VU – vulnerable, W – world Paleotropical, (ppta) – Palearctic-Paleotropical- importance, x – xenosaprobic, zc – Zostera cenosis, Australian, (ptm) – Paleotropical-Mediterranean, ‰ – limiting freshwater level for marine and salinity (ptmca) – Paleotropical-Mediterranean-Central level for the freshwater forms, ( ) – rarely exception, Asian, (ptsp) – Paleotropical-South Palearctic, R – ■ – Black Sea Red Data Book, ▲ – Red Data Book of relict, Rc – Caspian relict, (se) – South European, Bulgaria, ◆ – European and IUCN Red List. (see) – Southeast European, (seea) – Southeast European-Anatolian, (seep) – Southeast European- Pontian, (seepc) – Southeast European-Pontian- Results and Discussion Caspian, Sf – subfossil, SK (sk) – Subcosmopolitan, A total of 19 types, 39 classes, 123 orders, 470 tam – Tropical Atlantic-Mediterranean, (tp) – families and 1537 species have been known from the Transpalaearctic, (tpo) – Transpalaearctic-Oriental, Bulgarian Black Sea (Table 3). These taxa include vck – Virginian-Carolinian-Caribbean, vclm – 1054 species (68.6%) marine and marine-brackish Virginian-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, (wces) forms and 508 species (33.0%) freshwater-brackish, – West and Central Eurosiberian, (wcp) – West and freshwater and terrestrial forms, connected with Central Palaearctic, (wcpo) – West and Central water. A small number of supercosmopolitan forms Palaearctic-Oriental, (wes) – West Eurosiberian, (17 species), inhabitants of the marine, freshwater (wesa) – West Eurosiberian-Anatolian, (wp) – West and terrestrial cenoses are scrutinized to both two Palearctic, (wpat) – West Palearctic-Afrotropical, groups. Five types (Nematoda, Rotifera, Annelida, (wppt) – West Palearctic-Paleotropical, + – species Arthropoda and Mollusca) have a high species known only from shells, • – occurrence of endemic composition (over 100 species). Of these, the rich- taxa, ? – probable category. est in species are Arthropoda (802 species – 52.2%), Ecological data: ar – argillophilous, α – Annelida (173 species – 11.2%) and Mollusca (152 α-mesosaprobic, α-β – α-β-mesosaprobic, β – species – 9.9%). The rest 14 types include from 1 β-mesosaprobic, B – brackish, BA – Barcelona to 38 species. The Bulgarian fauna comprises about Convention, BC – Bern Convention, bt – benthos, 70% of the known 2000-2200 species from the Black co – commensal, CR – critically endangered, cr – Sea and Azov Sea (Tables 2 and 3). For individual crenobiont, cs – coastal silt, DD – data deficient, Е – taxa this percentage varies considerably and depends European importance, еb – eurybathic, ec – ectopara- on the level of study. The species composition varies site, eh – euryhaline, EN – endangered, ep – epibath- depending on whether the authors considered only ic, epi – epibiont, epp – epipelagic, et – eurythermal, marine and marine-brackish forms or include fresh- еu – еurybiont, EX – Extinct, gw – ground-water, ha water-brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms, re- – halophilous or halobiont, hb – hypobathic, HD – lated to water. The rich in brackish basins Ukrainian Habitats Directive, if – interstitial fauna, is – invasive and Russian Black Sea coast is considerably superior species, L – freshwater, l – littoral zone (medio-, pseu- to the Bulgarian coast in brackish taxa. dolittoral, intertidal), LC – least concern, LR – lower Most marine invertebrates have been estab- risk, lr – rocky littoral, ls – sandy littoral, lt – rocks lished throughout the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 57 References 32, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 67, 249, 389 32, 84, 249, 389 32, 114, 249, 389 32, 114, M, bt M, bt M, bt, ro M, bt, ? is M, bt, ep, lt M, bt, eb, lt M, bt, eb, ro M, bt, ep, ph M, bt, eb, phc M, bt, mb, mc M, bt, eb, lt, ■ M, bt, eb, ro, s Ecological data M, bt, mb, slc, slr M, bt, eb, ms, phs M, bt, eb, ms, phs K cp lm am em ● p ● p hom lmm kmm clmm ? amp aamip namwp lmm, ? i Zoogeo- graphical -42 0-5 -22 -40 -35 -75 (m) 2-65 0-87 8-26 3-90 -100 6-180 14-60 Depth Depth Distribution 7 7 3 7 7 7 5 7, 34 12, 13 3, 5, 24 7-16, 27 7, 27, 28 3, 7, 16, 34 5, 6, 23, 24 Horizontal 5, 11, 12, 13, 34 5, 11, ] ] ] digitata , Reniera , Pachychalina ] ] ] , S. domuncula , Haliclonissa Crellidae Mycalidae Clionaidae Chalinidae Tedaniidae Petrosiidae Suberitidae PORIFERA Microcionidae Hadromerida Haplosclerida Halichondriidae Demospongiae Halichondrida Coelosphaeridae Poecilosclerida Register of the marine, brackish, freshwater and terrestrial Invertebrate free-living fauna from the Bulgarian Black Sea Black the Bulgarian coast from fauna free-living terrestrial Invertebrate and freshwater brackish, the marine, of 2. Register Table Taxa ] grantii , Vioa , C. stationis pontica 1849) [ Cliona (Hancock, vastifica Pione ] 1925) [ Microciona (Topsent, cleistochela Clathria , Spongia 1766) [ H. grossa (Pallas, panicea Halichondria Halichondria 1842) [ (Johnston, carnosus Suberites , Haliclona nigrescens (Lieberkühn, 1859) [ T. anhelans Tedania ] , E. muscoides lorenzii 1862) [ Esperia syrinx (Schmidt, Mycale ] 1905) [ L. dictyonoides (Swartschewsky, variisclera Lissodendoryx , Yvesia Kowalewskyella 1942) [ (Alander, gracilis Crella ] boutschinskii , Reniera dura , P. clavata 1789) [ P. (Poiret, ficiformis Petrosia ] epiphytum , P. brevispinus 1880 [ Prosuberites Czerniavsky, prototypus Suberites (Montagu, 1818) [ Halichona (Montagu, limbata Chalinula ] , Reniera , Adocia 1862) [ H. alba (Schmidt, aquaeductus Haliclona ] Reniera 1893) [ (Topsent, flavescens Haliclona , Spongia , Reniera , Adocia 1826) [ H. palmata (Grant, cinerea Haliclona ] , Reniera 1864) [ Adocia (Schmidt, grossa Haliclona 58 Zdravko Hubenov 91, 389 32, 389 374, 389 198, 249 386, 389 References 32, 84, 389 32, 374, 389 91, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 32, 249, 389 160, 249, 333, 389 249, 319, 352, 389 373, 374, 376, 383 297, 299, 300, 319, 249, 317, 374, 376, M, bt M, bt M, bt M, bt-p M, bt-p M, bt-p M, bt, zc L, 5‰, bt L, 2.5‰, bt M, bt, eb, ro M, bt-p, eb, r Ecological data M, bt, eb, ph, ro M, bt, mb, ps, ro M-B-L, 40‰, bt-p M-B, 25‰, bt-p, ■ (k) ● p adp amip amip anam clmm clmm mmgt (hpta) namwp aamswp lm, ? Rc Zoogeo- aanambp graphical ? ● p, clm -40 -85 -22 (m) 0-180 Depth Depth 10-100 Distribution 7 5 3 12 11, 16 11, 24, 49 34, *68 7, 71, 78 7, 16, 49 71, 88, 93 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 5, 7, 12, 13 Horizontal 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 *69, 71, *79, 84, 88 23, 24, 27, 28, 49, 50 Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] ] , Moerisia , Pontia , Syncoryne ] , Spongelia Hydridae Capitata Sycettidae Corynidae Dysideidae Hydrozoa CNIDARIA Moerisiidae Spongillidae C alcarea Leucosolenida Corymorphidae Cladonematidae Dendroceratida Taxa Spongia 1818) [ (Montagu, fragilis Dysidea Dujardin, 1843 Dujardin, radiatum Cladonema ] 1835 [ C. sarsi Sars, Corymorpha nutans (Gaertner, 1774) (Gaertner, Coryne pusilla ] 1780) [ S. coronata (Fabricius, ciliatum Sycon ] 1766 [ Chlorohydara Pallas, viridissima Hydra (Linnaeus, 1759) fluviatilis Ephydatia (Ostroumoff, 1896) [ Ostroumovia (Ostroumoff, maeotica Odessia , Coryne 1835) [ S. mirabilis (Sars, tubulosa Sarsia ] curiosa , Reniera , Adocia 1868) [ H. informis (Schmidt, implexa Haliclona ] , Reniera 1868) [ Adocia (Schmidt, inflata Haliclona , ? Haliclonissa digitata stuposa Ulosa 1880) [? (Czerniavsky, irregularis Haliclona ] , Reniera pallida , Isodictya densa 1842) [ Adocia (Johnston, simulans Haliclona ] , Reniera 1905) [ Adocia (Swartschewsky, tubulifera Haliclona Paltschikowa-Ostroumowa, 1925 [ Ostroumovia Paltschikowa-Ostroumowa, inkermanica Moerisia Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 59 249 321 249, 389 295, 389 References 249, 378, 389 249, 295, 389 249, 295, 389 249, 298, 389 67, 84, 249, 317, 91, 249, 295, 389 84, 249, 374, 389 160, 249, 374, 389 102, 249, 252, 295 319, 331, 374, 389 160, 249, 319, 389 67, 91, 249, 295, 389 M, bt-p M, bt, eb M, bt, eb M, bt, ep M, bt, eb M, bt, eb M, 7‰, bt M, bt, ro, r M, bt-p, ep M-B, p (bt), c M, bt, eh, l, is M-B, bt, mc, ro Ecological data M, 12‰, bt-p, eb M, 7‰, bt-p, sl, is B, eh, 0.1-20‰, bt SK SK cbm bam bam ? SK amwp amwp nami, i amiswp SK, ? K Zoogeo- graphical cbma, (? i) cst, amip, i amip, ? SK amip, ? SK namnz, i, Rc, 0-1 -10 -10 (m) 0-20 0-70 0-100 0-100 Depth Depth 0-1, 15 Distribution 7 7 7 7 7 7, 16 7, 24 7, 29 29, 49 *79, 96 *69, 84 5, 7, *69 3, 7, 12, 16 Horizontal 58, *68, *69, *78, 71, *79, 84, *86, 88 Table 2. Continued Table *79, 84, 88, 93, 94, 96 ] ] ] Filifera Rathkeidae Sertulariidae Eudendriidae Protohydridae Blackfordiidae Hydractiniidae Aglaopheniidae Bougainvilliidae Campanulinidae Kirchenpaueriidae Oceaniidae (Clavidae) Leptothecata (Conica) Leptothecata Limnomedusae (Limnopolypae) Taxa ] squamata 1870 [ P. Greeff, leuckarti Protohydra ] pontica 1910 [ Campanulina Mayer, virginica Blackfordia ] tenuis Campanulina 1847) [ (Johnston, lacerata Opercularella (Linnaeus, 1767) pluma Aglaophenia (Alder, 1859) [ Plumularia (Alder, halecioides Kirchenpaueria ] repens 1848) [ Campanulina (Forbes, quadrata Phialella (Linnaeus, 1758) polyzonias Sertularella ] , Perigonimus megas Bougainvillia 1902) [ (Torrey, Garveia franciscana ] , Perigonimus Beneden, ramosa 1844) [ B. (Van muscus Bougainvillia ] 1775) [ C. squamata (Forskål, multicornis Clava ] 1771) [ C. lacustris (Pallas, caspia Cordylophora (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Tubularia ramosum Eudendrium 1985 Watson, merulum cf. Eudendrium 1846 [ Podocoryna Sars, carnea Hydractinia (Sars, 1835) (Sars, octopunctata Rathkea 60 Zdravko Hubenov 281 281 374, 389 386, 389 374, 389 391, 392 References 91, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 91, 249, 389 67, 91, 249, 389 68, 249, 295, 389 84, 160, 249, 389 91, 160, 287, 319, 91, 160, 287, 319, 249, 295, 374, 389 31, 91, 249, 295, 389 M, p M, p M, p, r M-B, p M, bt, r M, bt, eb L, is, bt-p M, bt, eb, r M, bt-p, eb M, bt, ep-mb M, 12‰, bt, r M, bt-p, ph, ro M, 10-20‰, bt Ecological data M, bt, ep, slc, ph M, bt, ep, lr, slr, sg slr, M, bt, ep, lr, K lm am SK clm clm clm amp amp (k), i namrs eamiwp Zoogeo- amip, ? K graphical amp, ? SK bamswp, ? K (m) 0-15 0-30 0-38 1-60 0-20 5-100 0-100 0-100 Depth Depth Distribution 7 7 96 34 3, 7 7, *69 7, *69 11, 12, 16 11, 12, 21, 24 Horizontal 1-22, 24, 69 3, 11, 12, 16 3, 11, 1-22, 29, *69 1-22, 29, 69, 84, 88 Table 2. Continued Table ] ] , C. urceolata ] ] , Obelia ] exacoralia ] : H phozoa y Actiniidae Ulmaridae Actiniaria c Proboscoida S Rhizostomeae Kishinouyeidae Stauromedusae Semaeostomeae Microhydrulidae Rhyzostomatidae Campanulariidae Olindiasidae (Olindiidae) nthozoa A Taxa (Macri, 1778) (Macri, pulmo Rhizostoma (Allman, 1859) [ Laomedea (Allman, loveni Gonothyraea ] , Obelia bicuspidata 1766) [ Laomedea (Pallas, gelatinosa Hartlaubella (Delle Chiaje, 1841) (Delle Chiaje, phosphorica ? Olindias urceolata var. (Linnaeus, 1758) [ C. v. volubilis Campanularia , Campanularia (Linnaeus, 1758) [ C. johnstoni hemisphaerica Clytia 1861 [ Obelia Hincks, angulata Laomedea 1766) [ Laomedea (Pallas, longissima Obelia (Linnaeus, 1758) aurita Aurelia ] integriformis 1842) [ Campanularia (MacGillivray, integra Orthopyxis ] 1791) [ M. inexpectata (Modeer, marginata ? Maeotias Lankester, 1880 [ C. ryderi ] Lankester, sowerbyi Craspedacusta Valkanov, 1965 Valkanov, pontica Microhydrula . var. zonata (Linnaeus, 1758) [ A . e var. equina Actinia ] 1815 [ Lucernaria Lamouroux, campanulata Lucernariopsis Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 61 355 249 386 392 84, 374 292, 355 References 160, 162, 200 91, 317, 319, 374 65, 160, 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 201 84, 91, 249, 295, 389 M, p M, bt M, p, is M, p, eb M, p, is, sb M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, shb, phs M, bt, pe-ps, ep Ecological data M, bt, ep, mc, sg, s M-B, bt, 0.5-35‰, is m m lm ● p clm SK, i neamj Zoogeo- amiwp, i graphical vck, ? K, i cst, amip, ? i -18 (m) 0-15 1-20 0-25 0-100 Depth Depth 60-175 Distribution 2 7 69 24, 49 3, 7, 29 1-22, 29 7, 25, 26 7, *69, *79 Horizontal 1-22, 29, 69 7, 10-17, 29, *69 7, 12, 13, 16, 25, 26, Table 2. Continued Table ] Lobata Acoela Beroida Beroidae Cydippida Taurididae Sagartiidae Otocelididae Cerianthidae Bolinopsidae Convolutidae Turbellaria Ceriantharia Diadumenidae Macrostomida Atentaculata CTENOPHORA tentaculata Pleurobrachiidae PLATHELMINTHES Taxa ] clavata 1869) [? Actinothoe (Verrill, lineata ? Diadumene ] viduata , Cyliste 1830) [ A. angulicoma (Ilmoni, clavata Actinothoe ] vestitus 1829) [ Cerianthus (Rapp, solitarius Pachycerianthus Bruguière, 1789 Bruguière, ovata Beroe ] maccradyi , Mnemia multicornis 1865 [ Leucothea A. Agassiz, leidyi Mnemiopsis (L. Agassiz, 1860) (L. Agassiz, vitrea Bolinopsis ] rhdodactyla , P. pileus 1879 [ P. Chun, rhodopis Pleurobrachia ] 1893 [ C. festiva Pereyaslawzewa, hypparchia Convoluta (Schmidt, 1852) Diesing, 1862 1852) Diesing, (Schmidt, rubropunctata Otocelis (Ax, 1959) [ Convoluta (Ax, fulvomaculata Taurida 62 Zdravko Hubenov 392 392 67, 374 67, 389 67, 389 374, 389 203, 252 374, 389 374, 389 203, 252 374, 389 374, 389 203, 252 374, 389 374, 389 203, 252 References 203, 249, 388, 389 M, bt M, bt M, bt M, bt M, bt M, bt M, 8‰, bt M, 2‰, bt L, 12‰, bt M, 12‰, bt M, bt, sls, ps, r Ecological data M-L, 5‰, bt, eh M, bt, sep, sls, ps M, bt, sep, sls, ps M, 12‰, bt, ph-ps ? B-L, 50‰, bt, eh M, bt, sep, sls, ps, eh m m m m m m ce SK clm clm clm clm clm bam (pat) pnep Zoogeo- graphical clm, ? bam 1-2 1-2 (m) 0.5-2 Depth Depth Distribution 7 7 3 5 77 *69 *69 *69 7, 24 *69, *79 7, 25, 51 7, 25, 51 7, 25, 51 7, 25, 51 Horizontal *68, *69, 71 5, *69, 84, *86 *68, 71, 76, *86, 88 Table 2. Continued Table ] ] Seriata Stylochidae Dalyelliidae Otoplanidae Polycladida Leptoplanidae Polycystididae Rhabdocoela Monocelididae Macrostomidae Prosthiostomidae Promesostomidae Coelogynoporidae Karkinorhynchidae Kölliker, 1845 Kölliker, naegellii Polycystis ] 1870 [ Polycystis Uljanin, minuta Rogneda 1959 Ax, polyrhabdota Rogneda (Schultze, 1851) v. Graff, 1882 Graff, 1851) v. (Schultze, marmoratum Promesostoma Ax, 1959 Ax, endostyla Archilina Steinböck, 1924 Steinböck, biarmata Coelogynopora Karling, 1966 Karling, tenuiformis Coelogynopora Taxa (Pereyaslawzewa, 1892) Strand, 1928 [Graff, 1905] 1928 [Graff, 1892) Strand, (Pereyaslawzewa, reprobatus Acrorhynchides Ax, 1959 Ax, valkanovi Baltoplana Ehrenberg, 1831 [ Gyrator Ehrenberg, hermaphroditus Gyratrix (Dugès, 1830) (Dugès, longiceps Monocelis (Schmidt, 1861), Meixner, 1943 1861), Meixner, (Schmidt, ophiocephala Pseudomonocelis (Müller, 1774) Örsted, 1843 1774) Örsted, (Müller, tremellaris Leptoplana (Delle Chiaje, 1818) Lang, 1884 (Delle Chiaje, siphunculus Prosthiostomum ] 1909 [ Stycoplana Jakubova, tauricus Stylochus (von Hofsten, 1907) [ Dalyellia Hofsten, (von expedita Gieysztoria (O. Fabricius, 1826) Fabricius, (O. appendiculatum Macrostomum Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 63 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 392 389 392 374, 389 203, 252 203, 252 203, 252 203, 252 References 249, 374, 389 206, 374, 389 M, bt M, bt M, bt, sl M, bt, ps M, bt, s, eb L, 0.5‰, bt M, bt, shb, s M, bt, shb, s M, bt, mb-eb L, 2‰, bt, ph M, bt, mb-eb, s M, bt, s, ep-mb Ecological data M, bt, sl, mc, ro M, bt, ep, sls, ps M, bt, ep, sls, ps M, bt, phs, shb, s M, bt, sep, sls, ps M, bt, sep, sls, ps M, bt, sep, sls, ps M-B, bt, sep, ls, ps M, bt, sep, ls, sls, ps m m lm (h) (h) ● p ● p ● p clm clm clm clm nam bam lmnz bambp m, ? lm m, ? lm abambp m, ? cm Zoogeo- clp, ? clm graphical 2 0.5 0-1 (m) 2-65 8-16 5-70 6-120 Depth Depth 18-125 40-120 40-120 40-120 Distribution 7 7 25 49 *69 *68 7, 35 27, 28 26, 27 27, 28 27, 28 58, *68 6, 7, 51 6, 7, 51 6, 7, 25 7, 25, 51 26, 27, 28 Horizontal 1-22, 27, 28 Table 2. Continued Table ] Anopla Lineidae Dugesiidae Tubulanidae NEMERTINI Cerebratulidae Dendrocoelidae Cephalothricidae Palaeonemertini Heteronemertini Bürger, 1892 Bürger, ventrosulcatus Cerebratulus Hylbon, 1957 Hylbon, arenaria Cephalothrix ] 1799) [ C. bioculata (Rathke, linearis Cephalothrix ] Lineus 1843 [ Ratke, lacteus Ramphogordius ] 1828) [ Lineus (Delle Chiaje, geniculatus Notospermus 1828 Ehrenberg, fasciolata Micrura 1964 et Scripcariu, Müller arenarius Pontolineus Taxa (Renier, 1804) (Renier, bilineatus Lineus (O. F. Müller, 1774) Müller, F. (O. ruber Lineus (Schmidt, 1861) [ Planaria (Schmidt, polychroa Dugesia G. I. Müller, 1965 G. I. Müller, heterosoma Carinina (Johnston, 1837) (Johnston, rufifrons Cephalothrix Renier, 1804 Renier, marginatus Cerebratulus (Müller, 1774) (Müller, lacteum Dendrocoelum ] 1956 [ Otoplana 1951) Ax, (Ax, subterranea Pseudosyrtis 1956 Ax, synsiphonioides Triporoplana Ax, 1956 Ax, holotricha Archotoplana 1959 Ax, bosporana Otoplana 1956 Ax, progermaria Parotoplanella 1955 Ax, fibulata Postbursoplana 1959 Ax, pontica Postbursoplana 64 Zdravko Hubenov 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 67, 249 249, 389 249, 389 315, 389 374, 389 References 67, 249, 389 67, 249, 389 315, 389, 390 M, bt M, bt M, bt M, bt M, bt, lr M, bt, sl M, gw, ls M, gw, M, bt, mb M, bt, l, sl M, gw, ls, r M, gw, L-B, 1‰, bt M, bt, ep, ro M, bt, ls, sep M, bt, slr, mb M, bt, slr, M, bt, s, hb-eb M, bt, s, mb-eb M, bt, lr, slr, ep slr, M, bt, lr, L-B, 8-18‰, bt Ecological data M, bt, sep, ls, eh M (B-L), bt, eh, l, ls K m (k) ● p ● p ● p clm clm clm clm (sk) bam nam nam baap anamp bambp namsep neaminz Zoogeo- graphical bap, ? bam (m) 0-10 0-40 0-55 0.2-1 0.5-8 0.5-2 40-70 Depth Depth 4-40-120 Distribution 50 96 51 24 3, 5 3, 24 7, 35 5, 24 7, 51 16, 35 26, 27 16 , 51 3, 5, 27 *68, *69 24, 35, 49 Horizontal Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] Enopla Amphiporidae Chaetonotidae Xenotrichulidae Cratenemertidae Hoplonemertini Tetrastemmatidae Chaetonotoidea GASTROTRICHA Emplectonematidae Ototyphlonemertidae Taxa Remane, 1926 Remane, marinum Heterolepidoderma McIntosh, 1874 McIntosh, bioculatus Amphiporus ] Eunemertes 1837) [ (Johnston, gracile Emplectonema (Johnston, 1828) (Johnston, lactifloreus Amphiporus 1880) (Czerniavsky, maslovskyi Zygonemertes Amphiporus 1837) [ (Johnston, pulchra Nipponnemertes Zelinka, 1889 similis Chaetonotus Corrêa, 1956 gabriellae Pussylineus ] Chaetonotus 1829 [ Remane, decipiens Halichaetonotus ] pleuracanthus 1904) [ Chaetonotus (Giard, marinus Halichaetonotus G. I. Müller, 1968 G. I. Müller, antipai Ototyphlonemertes ] (Böhmig, 1892) [ Tetrastemma graecense Prostoma G. I. Müller, 1962 G. I. Müller, bacescui Tetrastemma Remane, 1927 Remane, mediterraneus Aspidiophorus Ehrenberg, 1831 Ehrenberg, maximus Chaetonotus (Quantrefages, 1846) (Quantrefages, coronatum Tetrastemma dubium] 1895 [? nom. Bürger, longissimum Tetrastemma 1837) (Johnston, melanocephalum Tetrastemma 1846) [ Prostomatella (Quantrefages, vermiculus Tetrastemma (O. F. Müller, 1774) [ Prostoma Müller, F. (O. candidum Tetrastemma Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 65 249 121 363 344 121, 344 252, 347 341, 344 341, 344 249, 315 References 249, 389, 390 249, 389, 390 121, 341, 344 252, 341, 344 121, 341, 344 315, 389, 390 249, 389, 390 249, 315, 390 121, 344, 389 M, bt M, bt, ph M, bt, ph M, gw, if, ls M, gw, M, gw, ls, eh M, gw, M, ep, gw, ls M, ep, gw, M, bt, l, gw, if M, bt, l, gw, M, bt, l, ps, gw M, bt, l, ps, gw M, bt, ep, sl, ps M, gw, if, ls, eh M, gw, M, bt, ep, ls, sls Ecological data M (B), gw, ps, ls M (B), gw, M, bt, mb, sl, ps-s M, bt, eh, ep, ls, sls M, bt, eb, slc-zc, ps-s M, bt, sl, ps-s, ms-phs M, bt, ep, slc, ph, ps-s m cp api pm ● p clm clm clm bam kclm aminz namrs namni amswp em, ? m Zoogeo- nap, ? SK graphical nam, ? SK mnz, ? amnz 0-2 8-9 0-6 0-6 (m) 4, 80 Depth Depth 12-40- 0.2-0.4 10, 120 Distribution 7 7, 35 7, 35 7, 25 16, 25 7, 16, 24 7, 35, 51 7, 13, 35 16, 25, 51 Horizontal 1-22, 35, 51 7-16, 24, 25 7, 25, 35, 51 7, 25, 35, 51 7, 25, 27, 28 12, 16, 18, 35 7, 23, 24, 25, 76 7, 23, 24, 25, 27 1-22, 35, 46, 49, 51 Table 2. Continued Table Ironidae Enoplida Enoplidae Anticomidae Enchelidiidae Turbanellidae Adenophorea Dactylopodolidae Macrodasyoidea Anoplostomatidae Thaumastodermatidae NEMATODA (NEMATA) NEMATODA Taxa ] 1934 [ Xenotrichula Remane, pygmaea Heteroxenotrichula ] 1934 [ X. beauchampi Remane, intermedia Xenotrichula Valkanov, 1957 Valkanov, ponticus Dendrodasys Macrodasyidae 1957] Valkanov, ponticus 1950 [ M. a. var. Remane, africanus Macrodasys (Eberth, 1863) Stekhoven, 1950 (Eberth, 1863) Stekhoven, acuminata Anticoma Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, ponticum Symplocostoma ] (Eberth, 1863) [ S. longocolle tenuicolle Symplocostoma 1918) (Filipjev, hexabulba Polygastrophora (Eberth, 1863) ornata Eurystomina (de Man, 1876) (de Man, assimilis Eurystomina 1916 Filipjev, maeoticus Enoplus Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, littoralis Enoplus Remane, 1927 Remane, aculeatus Acanthodasys 1925 Remane, cornuta Turbanella Valkanov, 1957 Valkanov, pontica Turbanella (Bastian, 1865) viviparum Anoplostoma ] , E. hirtus Berlin, 1853 [ E. euxinus quadridentatus Enoplus Gerlach, 1952 schulzi Enoplus 66 Zdravko Hubenov 362 344 344 362 344 344 343, 344 252, 347 252, 347 121, 344 341, 344 341, 344 341, 344 340, 344 121, 344 252, 347 252, 347 341, 344 344, 361 341, 344 References 362, 386, 389 121, 344, 389 252, 338, 344 252, 338, 344 121, 340, 344 252, 341, 344 M, bt, l, ls, sls M, bt, l, gw, if M, bt, l, gw, if M, bt, l, gw, M, bt, sls, ps, r M, bt, hb, s-phs M, bt, hb, s-phs Ecological data M, bt, eb, phs, s M, bt, ep, sls, ps M, bt, shb, s-phs M, bt, l, ps, gw, r M, bt, l, ps, gw, M, bt, eb, l, sl, eu M, bt, l, ps, gw, if M, bt, l, ps, gw, M, bt, l, ls, ps, gw M, bt, l, sl, ps, gw M, bt, l, ls, ps, gw M, bt, ep-eb, sls, s M, bt, eb-mb, ps, s M, bt, shb, ms, phs M, bt, shb, phs, ms M, bt, eb, eu, ps-pe M, bt, ep-eb, sls, ps M, bt, eh-70‰, s, sls M, bt, mb, ls, sls, gw M, bt, 12‰, l, ps, gw M, bt, ep, sls, ps, s, ar M, bt, mb, sl, pe, s, ps m cp cp cp cp cm em em ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p clm cclm cclm calm cclm namni namnz clmnwi aanamip Zoogeo- cm, ? clm graphical 20 40 0.8 8-9 230 (m) 0-60 0.3-1 10-25 Depth Depth 60-100 80-150 30-150 75-120 0-10-90 25-, 200 -60, 150 68, -100 0-8, -230 8-10, 150 5-10, 120 Distribution 25 28 7, 76 3, 28 7, 35 7, 35 3, 28 7, 25 7, 25 7, 25 3, 28 10, 28 25, 27 16, 25 13, 35 27, 28 10, 27 6, 7, 35 7, 35, 51 7, 25, 51 7, 35, 51 2, 35, 51 7, 35, 51 16, 20, 25 Horizontal 3, 7, 25, 35, 51 7, 12, 16, 25, 27, 28 Table 2. Continued Table ] ] , Syringolaimus ] ] Oxystominidae Oncholaimidae Leptosomatidae Rhabdodemaniidae Thoracostomopsidae Taxa Gerlach, 1951 caspersi Syringolaimus Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, euxinus Leptosomatides (Schulz, 1935) [ Dolicholaimus (Schulz, benepapillosus Trissonchulus ] nudus 1920 [ Dolicholaimus Cobb, oceanus Trissonchulus 1979 Stoikov, platonovae Dolicholaimus ] , Phanoglene L. bacillatum 1915 [ Steiner, sabangense Leptosomatum (Eberth, 1863) punctatum Leptosomatum Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, cobbi Viscosia (Filipjev, 1927) [ Enoploides (Filipjev, saveljevi Pseudocella (Bastian, 1865) glabra Viscosia 1918 Filipjev, minor Viscosia , Parancholaimus vulgaris Oncholaimus 1916) [ zernovi (Filipjev, Pontonema ] 1874) [ Oxystomatina (Bütschli, elongata Oxystomina 1922 Filipjev, ponticus Halalaimus (Filipjev, 1918) (Filipjev, clavicauda Oxystomina Stekhoven, 1942 Stekhoven, mediterraneus Oncholaimellus 1918 Filipjev, brevicaudatus Oncholaimus 1933 Stekhoven, & Schuurmans De Koninck campylocercoides Oncholaimus 1929 Filipjev, conicauda Oncholaimus 1878 de Man, dujardinii Oncholaimus Platonova, 1965 Platonova, pontica Rhabdodemania ] 1918) [ Oxystoma (Filipjev, filiforme Nemanema Uzunov, 1974 Uzunov, alexandrae Enoploides Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, amphioxi Enoploides Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, brevis Enoploides Filipjev, 1918 [ Brachionus Filipjev, cirrhatus Enoploides Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 67 361 337 337 121 337 121 338 344 121, 344 374, 389 121, 389 341, 344 340, 344 252, 347 374, 389 121, 389 252, 347 252, 347 252, 344 252, 347 252, 362 References 121, 344, 389 252, 338, 344 252, 342, 344 M, bt, ps L, bt, 3‰ M, bt, sl, ps M, bt, sl, ph M-L, bt, 1‰ M, bt, slc, ps M, bt, sl, phs L, bt, 0.5-2‰ L, bt, 0.5-2‰ M, bt, shb, phs M, bt, ep, sl, ps L-T, bt, 0.5-2‰ L-T, Ecological data M, bt, ps, ls, gw M-B, bt, 0.5-2‰ M, bt, l, ps, gw, if M, bt, l, ps, gw, M, bt, sl, eb, eu, s M, bt, l, sl, ps, gw M, bt, l, ps, slc, zc M, bt, sl, eu, ps-pe M, bt, eb, eu, l, sl, s M, bt, eb, pe, ph, ps M, bt, l, sl, ps, gw, r M, bt, l, sl, ps, gw, M, bt, eb, ms, phs, ps M, bt, eh, l, sl, ps, gw cp (e) (e) (e) (e) ? p em ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p bap bam amnz clpnz namsp p, ? cp ● Er, p ● Er, cp, ? clp Zoogeo- cp, (csee) graphical am, ? ham clm, ? cclm clm, ? vclm 80 80 0.4 0-2 120 (m) -100 -140 0-100 4-100 Depth Depth 80-100 0.6-1, 50 -15, -140 Distribution 7 13 25 *68 7, 25 3, 28 7, 35 7, 24 7, 24 7, 51 11, 35 11, 17, 28 58, 59, 60 58, 59, 60 58, 59, 60 58, 59, 60 10, 27, 28 Horizontal 7, 23, 28, 33 *68, *79, 88 7, 25, 27, 28 7, 25, 35, 51 10, 25, 27, 28 7, 12, 25, 35, 51 3, 7, 10, 20, 24, 25 Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] Tobrilidae Tripyloididae Dorylaimida Chromadoridae Chromadorida Ceramonematidae Dorylaimidae (Qudsianematidae) Taxa Filipjev, 1922 Filipjev, cobbi Bathylaimus (Bütschli, 1874) (Bütschli, marinus Tripyloides ] ponticus , B. assimilis 1894 [ B. Cobb, australis Bathylaimus ] , Steineria 1922) [ Ceratonema (Filipjev, annulatum Pselionema Stoikov, 1976 ? Stoikov, filipjevi Bathylaimus 1845 Dujardin, stagnalis Dorylaimus (Bastian, 1865) carteri Eudorylaimus (Gerlach,Dorylaimus 1951) [ filipjevi Eudorylaimus 1876) [ Laimidorus Linstow, (von flavomaculatus Crocodorylaimus ] 1857) [ Chromadora (Schultze, bioculata Chromadorina ] (Bastian, 1865) [ Ch. quadrilineata nudicapitata Chromadora Uzunov, 1974 Uzunov, otmanliensis Dorylaimus Filipjev, 1922 Filipjev, demaniana Chromadorita 1876) (de Man, leuckarti Chromadorita (Filipjev, 1918) [ Enoplolaimus (Filipjev, dubius Oxyonchus ] cricophana 1916) [ Chromadora (Steiner, cephalata Dichromadora (Bastian, 1865) [ Trilobus gracilis Tobrilus Mikoletzky, 1923 [ Brachionus Mikoletzky, fluviatilis Enoploides 1918 Filipjev, hirsutus Enoploides 1918) [ Enoplolaimus (Filipjev, conicum Mesacanthion 1906) (Schneider, balticus Hypodontolaimus ] 1918) [ Chromadora (Filipjev, sabulicola Neochromadora , DichromadoraChromadora 1918) [ (Filipjev, poecilosomoides Neochromadora 1922) [ Hypodontolaimus (Filipjev, ponticus Ptycholaimellus 68 Zdravko Hubenov 362 337 343 362 252, 347 252, 344 252, 344 121, 389 121, 344 121, 389 252, 344 252, 347 252, 344 252, 344 252, 344 252, 347 252, 362 References 252, 338, 344 252, 344, 347 342, 344, 362 252, 341, 344 252, 344, 347 252, 344, 347 M, bt, sl, slc M, bt, ls, gw M, bt, sl, ps, eb M, bt, eh-70‰, M, bt, ep, sl, sls Ecological data M, bt, hb, phs, s M, bt, ep, ps, sls M, bt, l, ls, gw, r M, bt, l, ls, gw, M, bt, mb, ps-pe M-B, bt, 0.5-2‰ M, bt, shb, phs, r M, bt, eb, sls, phs M, bt, ep, l, sl, ph M, bt, l, ps, gw, if M, bt, l, ps, gw, M, bt, l, gw, if, ps M, bt, l, gw, M, bt, eb, eh, s, phs M, bt, ep-mb, sl, sls M, bt, eu, ms, phs, r M, bt, sls, slc, zc, ps M, bt, ep, sls, slc, zc M, bt, eb, ph, ps, s, r M, bt, eb, eu, ps, pe, r M, bt, eb, eu, ph, ps, s cp em cm ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p clm clm clm ami pinz namnz lm, (e) namim namim Zoogeo- cm, ? clm graphical 3.5 8-9 -50 150 (m) 5-90 1-100 15-17 Depth Depth 75-120 8-9, 35 0.2-0.6 50-100 -100, 120 0-73, 150 Distribution 28 28 76 25 24 7, 78 7, 25 7, 25 7, 24 7, 25 11, 35 11, 11, 35 11, 16, 25 16, 25 10, 28 13, 35 7, 35, 51 58, 59, 60 23, 24, 25 Horizontal 10, 11, 25, 28 10, 11, 3, 10, 17, 27, 28 3, 10, 25, 27, 28 7-16, 24, 25, 26, 27, Table 2. Continued Table 3, 7, 10, 13, 20, 27, 35 ] ] ] ornata , ? Sabatieria ] Meyliidae Leptolaimidae Desmodoridae Ethmolaimidae Cyatholaimidae Monoposthiidae Epsilonematidae Desmoscolecidae Taxa ] minutus 1938 [ D. laevis Kreis, Desmoscolex Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, euxina Spilophorella 1891 perfectus Cobb, Onyx 1918] Filipjev, (Bastian, 1865) [? S. zosterae parasitifera Spirinia 1918) (Filipjev, sabulicola Spirinia , Qadricoma & Andriescu, 1963) [ Desmoscolex (Paladian bacescui Tricoma ] (Ebert, 1863) [ C. demani gracilis Cyatholaimus , Cyatholaimus abnormis (Bastian, 1865) [ P. caecus Paracanthonchus Desmodora 1932) [ (Algén, similis Acanthopharynx 1918 Filipjev, pontica Chromaspirina 1922) (Filipjev, pontica Desmodora 1913) (Micoletzky, circulata Prodesmodora 1918 Filipjev, macroutera Metachromadora Paramonov, 1926 Paramonov, multipapillatus Ethmolaimus Stoikov, 1979 Stoikov, arenaria Metachromadora Uzunov, 1977 Uzunov, pontolittoralis Camacolaimus ] ponticum pustulatum Gerlach, 1952 [ Epsilonema pustulatum Bathyepsilonema Filipjev, 1918 [? Gerlach et Riemann, 1973] 1918 [? Gerlach et Riemann, Filipjev, cystoseirae Metachromadora ] , Desmoscolex 1922) [ Desmolorenzenia eurycricus (Filipjev, Quadricoma Filipjev, 1922 [ Tricoma Filipjev, loricata Quadricoma ] euxinica 1922 [ Tricoma Filipjev, steineri Quadricoma 1921) (Steiner, steineri Nudora (Bastian, 1865) costata Monoposthia Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 69 389 344 252, 344 252, 344 252, 344 252, 344 121, 389 252, 362 252, 344 252, 347 121, 389 121, 389 References 252, 338, 344 252, 338, 344 252, 338, 344 252, 338, 344 252, 341, 344 252, 338, 344 252, 342, 344 252, 342, 344 252, 341, 344 3, 121, 344, 389 121, 338, 344, 374, M, bt M, bt, ps, ls M, bt, sep, sls Ecological data eb, eu, ps, pe, ph M, bt, ep, sls, slc M, bt, sep, sls, ps M, bt, l, gw, if, ps M, bt, l, gw, M, bt, eb, sl, s, pe M, bt, hb, sls, phs M, bt, sls, s, ps, pe M, bt, mb, ps, pe, r M, bt, ep, sl, ps, ph M, bt, sl, ps, pe, ph M, bt, sls, ps, phs, r M, bt, hb, pe, ph, ps M, bt, slc, ph, phs, r M, bt, hb, s, pe, (ps) M, bt, eh-1-20‰, sl, M, bt, eh-0-70‰, eu M, bt, mb, ps, pe, slc M, bt, hb, ms, phs, pe M, bt, ms, phs, sls, eu M, bt, sl, pe, s, (sls), r p cp ● p ● p ● p ● p clm clm clm clm clm clm mni aam bam amni aamni neaminz clm, ? K Zoogeo- em, ? cm lm, ? clm graphical amnep, ? ce 8 59 59 -40 -10 (m) 6-10 0-100 Depth Depth 50-100 20-100 15-100 1-4, 140 6-10, 150 Distribution 7 51 7, 26 7, 76 7, 24 7, 24 7, 25 7, 25 7, 25 11, 35 11, 24, 25 25, 28 7, 24, 25 7, 25, 76 7, 25, 27 10, 27, 28 Horizontal 7, 25, 26, 76 7, 10, 25, 26 7, 26, 27, 28 10, 25, 27, 28 3, 7, 10, 20, 27, 28 *79, 84, 88, 93, 94 1-22, *68, 71, *78, Table 2. Continued Table Xyalidae Linhomoeidae Monhysteridae Axonolaimidae Monhysterida Comesomatidae Sphaerolaimidae Selachinematidae Taxa Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, setosus Axonolaimus 1918) (Filipjev, abyssalis Sabatieria Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, stenocephalum Comesoma Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, ponticus Axonolaimus ] 1914 [ S. cupida Southern, celtica Sabatieria ] 1906) [ S. vulgaris (Schneider, pulchra Sabatieria ] 1918) [ Linchomoeus (Filipjev, filiformis Paralinhomoeus ] antonovi 1907 [ T. de Man, longicaudata Terschellingia de Man, 1880 de Man, psammophilus Choanolaimus Paramonov, 1926 Paramonov, ampullocauda Monhystera Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, pontica Terschellingia 1922 Filipjev, collaris Monhystera Bastian, 1865 filiformis Monhystera ] , M. kessinensis , M. heteroparva (Bastian, 1865) [ M. antarctica parva Monhystera 1922 Filipjev, rotundicapitata Monhystera ] filicauda 1912 [ Hypodentolaimus Ssaweljev, dolichurus Halichoanolaimus ] (Bastian, 1865) [ H. clavicauda robustus Halichoanolaimus ] ostraearum P. 1874) [ (Bütschli, tenuicaudatus Paralinhomoeus Filipjev, 1918 Filipjev, macrocirculus Sphaerolaimus ] S. maeoticus 1918 [ Filipjev, ostreae Sphaerolaimus ] , Theristus 1888) [ Monhystera (de Man, oxycerca Daptonema ] , Leptogastrella setosa 1918 [ P. Filipjev, elliptica Paramonhystera 70 Zdravko Hubenov 119 337 252, 362 229, 249 229, 249 252, 363 229, 249 525, 344 229, 249 209, 374 References 374, 375, 389 T L, l L, 3‰ M, bt, sls, ps L, 0.5-2‰, bt M, bt, mb, s, pe Ecological data M, bt, sl, ps-pe, s M, bt, l, sp, gw, if M, bt, l, sp, gw, M (L), bt, l, gw, if M (L), bt, l, gw, M, bt, shb, phs, pe M, bt, ep, gw, if, s, slr M, bt, ep, gw, m m lm (e) ● p ccp clm (sk) (e, ? k) Zoogeo- (ea, ? ha) graphical namnz, (e) 15- (m) -128 10-40 Depth Depth 1-8, 80 Distribution 96 1-22 11, 35 11, 48, 76 25, 26 35, 46 17, 20, 25 58, 59, 60 Horizontal 1-22, 26, 27 *68, *69, 93 1-22, 24, 25, 35 Table 2. Continued Table NCHA Y Adinetida Adinetidae Rhabditida Rhabditidae Tylenchida Mononchidae Mononchida Pycnophyidae Secernentea Eurotatoria Centroderidae Echinoderidae Diplogastridae Cyclorhagida Kinorhyncha Criconematidae Diplogasterida Homalorhagida CEPHALORH ROTIFERA (ROTATORIA) ROTIFERA (Raski, 1952) xenoplax Mesocriconema ] 1881) [ Echinoderes (Reinhard, spinosus Centroderes Bastian, 1865 marina Rhabditis ] Bacescu, 1968 [ E. dujardinii agigens Echinoderes Taxa (Leyding, 1854) rivalis Diplogaster Zelinka, 1928 kielensis Pycnophyes Filipjev, 1922 Filipjev, longicaudatus Theristus ] Echinoderes 1881) [ (Reinhard, ponticus Pycnophyes Bastian, 1865 truncatus Mononchus Filipjev, 1922 Filipjev, littoralis Theristus Janson, 1893 Janson, barbata Adineta Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 71 280 209 389 209 280 280 374, 389 209, 293 209, 293 374, 389 146, 209 209, 280 209, 373 References 209, 278, 293 160, 209, 373 106, 209, 389 106, 209, 389 209, 374, 389 209, 280, 374, 389 278, 293. 374, 389 192, 193, 209, 293 209, 280, 374, 389 193, 209, 280, 293, 160, 190, 193, 209, 105, 106, 190, 207, 209, 278, 280, 374, L L, p L, sw L-B, l L-B, p L, 10‰ L, p, sw L, p, sw L, p, sw L, p, sw L, p, sw L, 5‰, p L-B, 5‰, p M-L, l, p, ph L, 5‰, p, sw L, 2.3‰, l, ph L, 3-16‰, l, p L-B, 5‰, p, sw Ecological data L-B, 10‰, l, ph L-B, 18‰, p, l, ph M-B, 6-20‰, eh, p L, 17.3‰, p, eu, sw (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (sk) (sk) (? sk) (ppta) (ppta) ham, (k) ham, (k) ham, (k) ? lm, (k) Zoogeo- clm, (sk) lmnz, (k) ? ace, (k) graphical (ppta, ? k) ? ham, (k) ? lmnz, (k) (k), ? lmnz ? kclm, (sk) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 78 96 59 96 49 78 60 96 96 58, 78 59, 60 92, 96 69, 96 77, 78, 79 33, 60, 96 59, 60, 96 60, *69, 71 84, *86, 88 59, 60, *68 Horizontal 77, 78, 79, 80, 96 *68, *79, *86, 96 58-60, *68, 77, *86, 58, 59, 60, *68, *69, 58, 59, 60, *68, *69, 71, 77, 78, 79, 80, 96 *68, *69, 76, 77-*79, 29, 33, 49, 58, 62, 64, Table 2. Continued Table Ploima Philodinidae Philodinida Brachionidae Asplanchnidae Habrotrochidae ] Gosse, fissa A. hypelasma 1851 [ Anuraeopsis Gosse, 1851 angularis Brachionus Leissling, 1924 Leissling, bennini Brachionus ] similis 1885 [ B. Daday, budapestinensis Brachionus ] pala , B. dorcas , B. amphiceros 1776 [ B. Pallas, calyciflorus Brachionus 1883) (Daday, diversicornis Brachionus Taxa Gosse, 1850 priodonta Asplanchna (Leydig, 1854) sieboldii Asplanchna Zacharias, 1898 falcatus Brachionus ] bakeri 1783 [ B. Hermann, quadridentatus Brachionus 1838 Ehrenberg, rubens Brachionus ] cinnabarina 1832 [ Ph. Ehrenberg, roseola Philodina (Ehrenberg, 1838) (Ehrenberg, citrina Rotaria ] vulgaris 1766) [ Rotifer (Pallas, rotatoria Rotaria 1832) (Ehrenberg, tardigrada Rotaria de Guerne, 1888 de Guerne, girodi Asplanchna Wierzeyski, 1891 Wierzeyski, forficula Brachionus Cohn, 1862 leydigii Brachionus ] mülleri 1786 [ B. Müller, plicatilis Brachionus (Davis, 1873) (Davis, vaga Adineta (Murray, 1905) (Murray, angusticollis Habrotrocha Ehrenberg, 1832 Ehrenberg, citrina Philodina 72 Zdravko Hubenov 280 389 258 389, 392 374, 389 279, 280 209, 212 209, 280 209, 280 209, 280 374, 389 209, 293 209, 280 References 209, 374, 389 209, 210, 280 193, 209, 278 2, 209, 249, 392 2, 209, 249, 392 2, 209, 249, 392 2, 209, 249, 392 293, 317, 319, 389 209, 258, 280, 374 209, 252, 278, 280 105, 106, 374, 389 106, 188, 209, 249, 190, 209, 293, 374, 193, 209, 278, 280, 190, 252, 278, 280, 2, 111, 209, 249, 392 2, 111, p, sw L, sw L, sw B-M, p L, p, sw L, p, sw L, p, sw L, 3‰, l L-B, p, sw L-B, bt, l, ph L-B, is, p, sw L, 0.8‰, p, sw L-B, 2‰, p, sw M, bt, ps, gw, if M, bt, ps, gw, Ecological data L, 0.5-6‰, p, sw L, 25-54‰, p, eh M, bt, l, ps, gw, if M, bt, l, ps, gw, if M, bt, l, ps, gw, if M, bt, l, ps, gw, if M, bt, l, ps, gw, L, 4.3-15‰, eh, p L-B, 10-16‰, eh, L, 2.5‰, p, ph, sw M-B-L, 10-13‰, p L-B, 0.1-18‰, p, sw M-B-L, 30‰, l, sp, if clp ace ● p ● p ● p calp (hnat) lm, (k) clp, (h) ace, (k) bam, (k) bam, (h) bam, (k) lm, (hat) Zoogeo- lm, (k), i (? hnata) cpwp, (k) graphical (hnat, ? h) namep, (k) lmnz, (? k) cacpnz, (h) neamj, (dp) neamj, (pat) anamnp, (sk) neamwp, (hna) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 60 60 77 *69 7, 35 7, 35 16, 35 29, 96 60, 96 58, 60 60, 96 59, 78 60, 96 16, 35 *86, 88 7, 34, 35 78-80, 92 58, 60, 96 58, 59, 60 Horizontal 33, *69, *78 13, 32, 33, 35 59, 60, *68, *79 7, 58, 59, 60, *68, *69, 77, 78, 79, 80 58-60, *68, 71, 77, 60, *69, 77-*79, 85, 58, 59, 77, 79, 80, 96 Table 2. Continued Table 58, 60, *68, 77-80, 96 ] ] ] ] Euchlanidae Dicranophoridae Taxa ] 1841) [ Furcularia (Dujardin, marinum Encentrum 1957 Althaus, psammophilum Encentrum 1957 Althaus, striatum Encentrum 1957 Althaus, valkanovi Encentrum Ehrenberg, 1832 Ehrenberg, dilatata Euchlanis Müller, 1773 Müller, urceolaris Brachionus 1957 Althaus, arenarium Encentrum 1886 Hudson, lyra Euchlanis (Kellicott, 1879) (Kellicott, longispina Kellicottia (Gosse, 1851) [ Anuraea cochlearis Keratella 1892) (Thompson, cruciformis Keratella 1943 Carlin, hiemalis Keratella 1898) (Lauterborn, irregularis Keratella ] aculeata 1786) [ Anuraea (Müller, quadrata Keratella ] coenura 1902) [ Diglena & Freeman, (Dixon-Nuttall rostratus Dicranophorus (Gosse, 1851) tecta Keratella 1832) (Ehrenberg, testudo Keratella Gosse, 1887 labis Notholca 1786) [ Brachionus (Müller, squamula Notholca 1786) [ Brachionus (Müller, striata Notholca , Notommata 1786) [ Cercaria (Müller, forcipatus Dicranophorus Althaus, 1957 Althaus, bulgaricus Dicranophorus (Apstein, 1907) (Apstein, tropica Keratella 1834) (Ehrenberg, valga Keratella ] acuminata var. 1832) [ N. bipalium (Ehrenberg, acuminata Notholca Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 73 280 258 280 280 209 209 2, 249 209, 280 374, 389 209, 373 209, 249 209, 280 374, 389 209, 280 374, 389 References 2, 249, 392 209, 372, 373 249, 374, 389 106, 209, 389 2, 209, 249, 389 111, 209, 249, 374 111, 209, 373, 374, 389 209, 280, 374, 389 209, 280, 374, 389 106, 188, 209, 280, 104, 106, 188, 209, L-B, p l, gw, if l, gw, L, p, sw L, p, sw L, p, sw L, p, sw L-B, 2‰, p L-B, 2‰, p M, bt, ps, sls M-B-L, p, sw L-B, 1-12‰, p L, 0.8‰, p, sw L-B-M, 12‰, l L-B, 0.5-2‰, p Ecological data L, 3‰, l, ph, sw L-B, l, ps, gw, if L-B, l, ps, gw, M, 12-13‰, bt, l M, bt, 12‰, l, ps M, bt, 12‰, l, ps B-L, 0.8‰, p, sw M-B-L, 15‰, p, l M-L, 9‰, p, l, ph L-B, p, 0.8‰, sw, l L-B, p, 0.8‰, sw, L-B, 0.8-2‰, p, sw M-B-L, 5-15‰, bt-p, (h) (k) (k) clp ● p ● p ● p (sk) (hn) (hn) (hoa) (hno) (? sk) (e, ? k) (h, ? k) SK, (k) (e, ? sk) nam, (k) Zoogeo- graphical cpnz, (sk) clmnz, (k) namnz, (k) namnz, (? k) antamp, ? sk namnep, (sk) namswp, ? K, namswp, ? SK, (m) Depth Depth Distribution 59 77 59 96 35 96 33 59 96 96 7, 35 7, 25 49, *69 *68, *69 7, 16, 34 59, 60, 96 58, 59, 60 58, 59, 60 *86, 88, 96 76, *86, 88 Horizontal 60, *68, *79 88, 90, 93, 94 13, 33, 58, 59, 60, 59, 60, *68, 76, 96 13, 33, 35, *69, 76, *68, *69, *79, *86, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] ] ] , Halolindia ] ] Lindiidae Lecanidae Mytilinidae Lepadellidae Microcodidae Taxa Gosse, 1887 oropha Euchlanis Gosse, 1851 pyriformis Euchlanis (Levander, 1894) (Levander, plicata Tripleuchlanis Salpina 1830) [ (Ehrenberg, ventralis Mytilina , Colurus loncheres 1831) [ Monura (Ehrenberg, colurus Colurella Ehrenberg, 1830 Ehrenberg, clavus Microcodon Harring & Myers, 1922 [ Halodigma & Myers, Harring tecusa Lindia Rudescu, 1960 Rudescu, althausi Lecane (Schmarda, 1859) (Schmarda, closterocerca Lecane ] 1926) [ Monostyla & Myers, (Harring copeis Lecane ] 1786) [ Monostyla (Müller, cornuta Lecane (O. F. Müller, 1786) Müller, F. (O. ovalis Lepadella ] 1913) [ Monostyla (Murray, furcata Lecane 1776) [ Cathypna (Müller, luna Lecane 1832) (Ehrenberg, lunaris Lecane , Squamella oblonga 1773) [ Metopidia Müller, F. (O. patella Lepadella 1957 Althaus, pontica Lepadella ] 1893) [ Monostyla (Daday, lamellata Lecane ] leptus 1831 [ Colurus Ehrenberg, adriatica Colurella Althaus, 1957 Althaus, marinovi Colurella ciliate] 1957 [? undetermined Althaus, monodactilos ? Colurella (Gosse, 1886) obtusa Colurella , Brachionus bicuspidatus 1773) [ Colurus (Müller, uncinata Colurella 1867) [ Stephanops (Tatem, longispinata Squatinella 74 Zdravko Hubenov 258 209, 372 209, 280 317, 389 209, 389 374, 389 106, 389 106, 389 209, 293 References 2, 209, 249 209, 373, 374 104, 209, 249 209, 249, 374 209, 280, 319 105, 209, 389 209, 278, 280 109, 111, 201, 209 109, 111, 188, 209, 212, 314 106, 209, 249, 389 209, 372, 373, 389 105, 107, 209, 249 109, 194, 201, 209 105, 209, 374, 389 289, 317, 389, 398 209, 280, 293, 374 192, 193, 252, 280 105, 209, 280, 317, 105, 190, 191, 249, L L, p L, p M, p L, p, ph L, p, sw M, bt, ps L, 1.8‰, p L, 0.8‰, p M, 14‰, p L, 1‰, p, sw M-B-L, eh, p M-B, 12‰, p M-B, 12‰, p M-B, 12‰, p B-L, 10‰, p, l M-B-L, p, eh, l M-B, 12‰, p, l Ecological data L-B, 0.8‰, p, β M-B, 10‰, bt, l L-B, bt, l, ph, sw L-B, 16.8‰, p, β M-B, 0.5-12‰, p L-B, 12‰, eh, bt, l M-B, bt, l, ps, gw, if M-B, bt, l, ps, gw, M, bt-p, ps, ph, gw, if M, bt-p, ps, ph, gw, clp clp clp ● p ● p (sk) (sk) (ho) (hna) (hop) K, (k) clmnz (hnoa) (hnoa) namnz lm, (k) clm, (h) clm, (k) clp, (sk) bamswp clp, (ha) p, (hpta) bam, (k) Zoogeo- graphical amnz, (sk) namnz, (k) namnz, (k) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 96 96 33 29 77 29 33 78 *69 *69 7, 35 7, 35 79, 96 59, 60 13, 35 32, 33 78, 80 58, 60 *68, 96 *68, 96 *68, *69 59, 60, *69 Horizontal 59, 78, 79, 80 *79, 78, 88, 96 33, 59, 60, *69, 96 59, 60, *68, 71, 77, 7, 59, 60, 76, 77, 80 7, 13, 29, *69, 76, 77, Table 2. Continued Table ] Proalidae Synchaetidae Notommatidae (Ehrenberg, 1830) [Furcularia] (Ehrenberg, gibba Taxa Donner, 1950 Donner, reimanni Cephalodella (Dixon-Nuttall, 1901) (Dixon-Nuttall, ventripes Cephalodella 1957 Althaus, commutata Proales ] halophilus globulifera 1929 [ P. Remane, halophila Proales ] 1834) [ Furcularia (Ehrenberg, reinhardti Proales 1907 de Beauchamp, similis Proales 1834 Ehrenberg, baltica Synchaeta Rousselet, 1902 Rousselet, cecilia Synchaeta ] (Gosse, 1886) [ Diaschiza hoodii Cephalodella (Ehrenberg, 1830) [ Notommata (Ehrenberg, aequalis Monommata ] lacinulata 1773) [ Diaschiza Müller, F. (O. auriculata Cephalodella 1786) Müller, F. (O. catellina Cephalodella Cephalodella Synchaeta gyrina 1887 Hood, Synchaeta 1902 Rousselet, neapolitana Synchaeta Ehrenberg, 1831 Ehrenberg, oblonga Synchaeta 1832 Ehrenberg, pectinata Synchaeta Rodewald-Rudescu, 1960 ? pontica Synchaeta Wierzejski, 1893 Wierzejski, stylata Synchaeta Hood, 1893 Hood, tavina Synchaeta (O. F. Müller, 1786) Müller, F. (O. tremula Synchaeta 1902 Rousselet, vorax Synchaeta ] platyptera 1925 [ P. Idelson, dolichoptera Polyarthra 1943 Carlin, longiremis Polyarthra Burckhardt, 1900 Burckhardt, major Polyarthra Skorikov, 1896 Skorikov, remata Polyarthra Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 75 209 280 209 209 209 258 209, 280 209, 373 209, 280 280, 293 209, 373 209, 293 209, 280 209, 280 209, 293 References 2, 209, 249 209, 374, 389 209, 278, 293 317, 319, 389 193, 252, 278, 280 105, 106, 317, 389 106, 201, 374, 389 192, 209, 278, 293 L, p L, p L-B, p L-B, p L-B, p B-L, p L, p, sw L, 1‰, p L, 2‰, p M-B-L, p B-L, 2‰, p M-B-L, p, eh L, 0.5-0.8‰, p L, 0.5-0.8‰, p M, bt, ps, gw, if M, bt, ps, gw, Ecological data L-B, 0.5‰, p, β L-B, 0.8‰, p, sw M-B, 5-50‰, p, eh L-B, 10-15‰, p, eh B-L, 24-58‰, p, eh M-B, 7-19.5‰, bt, p L-B, 0.8-15‰, p, sw M-L, 0.8‰, p-bt, l, s (k) (k) (k) (k) (h) calm (hata) (pata) K, (k) (e, ? k) (e, ? k) clm, (e) clm, (k) clm, (k) clm, (h) clm, (k) Zoogeo- amnz, (k) graphical namnz, (k) namnz, (k) namnz, (k) namnz, (k) amswp, (k) neamnz, (k) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 79 96 96 96 60 96 59 58 77 78 *68 7, 35 59, 60 7, *69 59, 77 58, 78 78, 96 59, 60, 78 Horizontal 58, 78, 79, 80 59, 60, 77, 80, 96 29, 32, 33, *78, *79 58, 59, 60, 77, 79, 80 33, *69, *74, *78, 88 Table 2. Continued Table ] ] , Polychaetus ] ] clipeata , Pterodina ] ] ] ] ] ] ] Trichotriidae Hexarthridae Conochilidae Flosculariidae Trichocercidae Flosculariida Testudinellidae Trichosphaeridae (Plate, 1886) [ Triarthra (Plate, terminalis Filinia (Levander, 1892) [ Pedalia (Levander, fennica Hexarthra , Rotifer candidus 1812) [ Cephalosiphon (Dutrochet, crucigera Beauchampia (Ehrenberg, 1834) [ Triarthra (Ehrenberg, longiseta Filinia (Hudson, 1841) [ Pedalion (Hudson, mira Hexarthra (Müller, 1786) [ Brachionus (Müller, clypeata Testudinella Pedalia 1903) [ (Sernov, oxyuris Hexarthra 1957 Althaus, obscura Testudinella (Hermann, 1783) (Hermann, patina Testudinella Gosse, 1851 complanata Pompholyx ] (Schrank, 1803) [ Linza hippocrepis Conochilus (Perty, 1850) [ Dinocharis (Perty, subquadratus Macrochaetus (Ehrenberg, 1830) [ Dinocharis (Ehrenberg, tetractis Trichotria (Gosse, 1886) [ Diurella tenuior Trichocerca Taxa (Hauer, 1937) [ Diurella (Hauer, musculus Trichocerca (Gosse, 1851) porcellus Trichocerca ] 1903) [ Rattulus (Jennings, pusilla Trichocerca 1893) (Wierzejski, similis Trichocerca ] (Gosse, 1851)[ Monocerca stylata Trichocerca Carlin, 1943 Carlin, vulgaris Polyarthra 1891) (Imhof, hudsoni Ploesoma ] 1896) [ Mastigocerca (Stokes, mucosa Trichocerca Wulfert, 1939 Wulfert, agnatha Trichocerca 76 Zdravko Hubenov 358 358 91, 245 119, 396 119, 245, 249 358, 374 245, 249 245, 249 387, 389 References 91, 245, 249 245, 249, 389 226, 245, 249 84, 91, 219, 245 84, 91, 219, 235, 84, 180, 245, 249 91, 245, 249, 389 84, 180, 245, 358 84, 219, 245, 249, 219, 245, 249, 389 219, 245, 249, 389 180, 226, 245, 249 114, 219, 245, 249, 114, 67, 91, 84, 219,389 gw, ■ gw, M, bt, ep M, bt, eh, s M, bt, ps-pe plankton larvae Ecological data M, bt, ls, ps, gw M, bt, sep, ps, gw M, bt, sep, sls, slz M, bt, sep, sls, ps, M, bt, ep, slr, slz, r M, bt, ep, slr, sls, s M, bt, eb, slr, M, bt, mb, slr, ps, s M, bt, mb, slr, M, bt, sep, ps, ph, r M, bt, eb, ps-pe, ms M, bt, mb, ph-pe-ps M, bt, ep, ph, slr, ps M, bt, ep, ph, slr, M, bt, sep, ps-pe-mc M, bt, ep, slc, slr, mc M, bt, ep, slc, slr, M, bt, eh, ep, ps-s-ph M, bt, mb, ps-pe, phc M, bt, eb, pe, ms, phs M, bt, eh, mb, slc, ms ace clm clm clm clm amip anam anclm amnep namnp amiwp anamip abambp namnep aminwp Zoogeo- anamnep anamnep namrsnep graphical lm, ? em, p anaminp, ? K 1 0-3 -15 (m) 0-23 0-10 0-30 1-25 0-80 0-70 0-10 0-100 2.5-18 0-0.50 2.5-10 Depth Depth 15-100 1-5, 25 0-35, 50 0-25, 70 5-30, 130 Distribution 76 69 6, 25 7, 69 25, 35 25, 26 24, 27 11, 12, 24 11, 11, 13, 24 11, 25, 27, 28 13, *69, 25 Horizontal 7, 24, 25, 26 13, 23, 24, 25 24, 25, 69, 76 6, 7, 24, 25, 69 7, 11, 25, 35, 51 7, 11, 7, 12, 24, 25, 27 7, 17, 19, 35, 51 11, 12, 13, 23, 24 11, 3-8, 13, 25, 28, 69 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 16, 2, 5, 7, 11, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] , Mystides ] ] ] ] , Pterocirrus Pholoidae Pisionidae Polynoidae Hesionidae Sigalionidae ANNELIDA Polychaeta Phyllodocidae Phyllodocida Taxa Savigny, 1822 Savigny, scolopendrina Polynoe ] synophthalmica 1839 [ Ph. Johnston, inornata Pholoe ] 1833) [ Sigalion (Johnston, boa Sthenelais (Linnaeus, 1767) maculata Phyllodoce Örsted, 1843 Örsted, mucosa Phyllodoce ] rubiginosa 1868) [ Phyllodoce (Bobretzky, tuberculata Genetyllis (Örsted, 1843) [ Eulalia (Örsted, sanguinea Eumida (Grube,Eulalia 1860) [ macroceros Sige ] armata 1865) [ Eteone (Quatrefages, picta Mysta ] 1888) [ Mystides (Saint-Joseph, limbata Pseudomystides 1962) [ Eteonides (Laubier, coineaui Hesionura (Grube, 1840) [ Lagisca extenuata Harmothoe (Linnaeus, 1767) imbricata Harmothoe (Johnston, 1839) (Johnston, impar Harmothoe (Claparède, 1870) (Claparède, reticulata Harmothoe 1830) [ Harmothoe (Delle Chiaje, lunulata Malmgreniella ] 1914) [ Praegeria (Southern, remota Pisione ] rubiginosa 1888) [ Phyllodoce (Saint-Joseph, rubiginosa Nereiphylla 1829) [ Phyllodoce (Johnston, viridis Eulalia Friedrich, 1937 Friedrich, arenaria Hesionides Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 77 356 References 91, 245, 389 234, 245, 252 221, 245, 392 219, 245, 389 245, 249, 392 358, 374, 389 84, 91, 245, 249 91, 219, 245, 249 84, 219, 245, 249 84, 219, 245, 374 91, 221, 245, 389 84, 245, 249, 389 84, 245, 249, 389 84, 245, 249, 358 219, 245, 249, 389 221, 245, 249, 392 219, 245, 249, 389 219, 245, 249, 389 234, 245, 249, 392 102, 247, 249, 252 238, 245, 249, 252 221, 245, 249, 392 221, 245, 249, 392 67, 84, 91, 245, 358 67, 84, 91, 219, 245, M, bt eb, s, pe-ps, eu M, bt, eb, ps-pe M, bt, sep, slr, r M, bt, sep, slr, M, bt, ps-pe, ph Ecological data M, bt, ep, slr-ph M, bt, eb, slr, ph M, bt, eb, slr, ph M, bt, ep, slr, M, bt, ep, ph, slr M, bt, sep, ls, sls M, bt, ep, sls, ms M, bt, sep, sls, ps M, bt, ep, ps, ph, r M, bt, mb, ph, lt, s M, bt, eb, ps, pe, et M, bt, ep, lt, ps, slz M, bt, mb, ph, ps, s M, bt, eh-0.5-36‰, M, bt, sep, l, sls, slr M, bt, ep, ph, l, sl, r M, bt, 4-7‰, ls, gw M, bt, sep, ph, lt, sls M, bt, mb, mc-ph-ps M, bt, ep, slr, mc, sls M, bt, ep, slr, M, bt, eb, ps-s, sg, ph M, bt, eh, ep, mc-s-ps K K K K lm cst SK SK bap clm klm nam nam vclm amip amip amip anam namip namnp aaminp Zoogeo- amrs, ? K graphical clm, ? clmrs anamnp, ? K aminwp, ? K 8 -30 (m) 0-10 0-10 1-17 0-12 5-10 0-60 0-17 1-30 0-30 0-60 0-90 5-105 17-47 0.5-17 0.5-50 Depth Depth 0-10, 30 10-30, 70 0-70, 213 Distribution 7, 24 7, 24 11, 25 11, 69, 84 13, 24 27, 69 69, 77 93, 94 7, 25, 27 7, 24, 25 7, 25, 68 7, 20, 49 13, 25, 51 17, 24, 50 10, 13, 17 Horizontal 7, 24, 25, 50 7, 11, 13, 24, 25 7, 11, 7, 13, 25, 35, 51 7, 16, 17, 35, 51 7, 16, 23, 24, 25 11, 24, 25, 26, 27 11, 12, 13, 25, 26, 27 *69, *74, 77, *78, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 24, 69 3, 7, 13, 16, 24, 25, 1-22, 25, 26, 27, 28 7, 13, 16, 24, 27, 68, *79, 84, *86, 88, 92, 2, 3, 5-7, 10-13, *68, Table 2. Continued Table 2, 7, 24, 25, 26, 27, 69 ] ] ] , Nereis ] ] ] ] Syllidae Nereididae Taxa Bobretzky, 1870 Bobretzky, fragilis Microphthalmus 1865 Metschnikow, sczelkowii Microphthalmus Bobretzky, 1870 Bobretzky, similis Microphthalmus Grube, 1840 gracilis Syllis (Grube, 1855) [ Syllis spongicola Haplosyllis Grube, 1863 hyalina Syllis 1852 Crohn, prolifera Syllis ] 1863) [ Pterosyllis (Claparède, formosa Amblyosyllis & Benedict, 1887 Webster varians Streptosyllis (Siewing, 1956) [ Petitia amphophthalma Neopetitia 1863) [ Grubea (Claparède, clavata Salvatoria 1868) [ Grubea (Claparède, limbata Salvatoria (Claparède, 1864) [ Grubea (Claparède, tenuicirrata Salvatoria (Örsted, 1845) (Örsted, longocirratus Syllides 1852) [ Pionosyllis (Krohn, pulligera Nudisyllis Southern, 1914 Southern, bulbosa Sphaerosyllis Claparède, 1863 Claparède, hystrix Sphaerosyllis 1834) & Milne-Edwards, (Audouin dumerili Platynereis (Frey & Leuckart, 1847) [ Neanthes (Frey succinea Alitta (Grube, 1840) cultifera Perinereis Linnaeus, 1758 pelagica Nereis ] claviger , Paedophylax 1845 [ E. gemmifera Örsted, Exogone naidina Ehlers, 1864 rava Nereis 1867 Malmgren, zonata Nereis ] 1776) [ Nereis Müller, F. (O. diversicolor Hediste 78 Zdravko Hubenov References 221,245, 392 234, 245, 249 234, 245, 249 245, 249, 392 84, 91, 245, 389 84, 245, 249, 358 84, 221, 245, 249 84, 245, 249, 389 91, 245, 249, 389 91, 245, 249, 389 226, 245, 249, 392 221, 245, 249, 358 247, 252, 255, 288 221, 245, 248, 392 219, 245, 249, 389 247, 249, 252, 288 221, 245, 249, 392 230, 245, 358, 389 178, 180, 221, 230, 178, 180, 219, 226, 67, 84, 91, 245, 358 M, bt M, bt M, bt, ep, sls, r M, bt, mb, ps, s Ecological data M, bt, ep, sls, ps M, bt, ep, sls, ps M, bt, ep, sls, ps M, bt, ep-mb, slr M, bt, sps-zc, s-ps M, bt, mb, sls, ro, r M, bt, sep, ps, sls, r M, bt, ep, sls, zc, sg M, bt, mb, ps, ps-pe M, bt, mb, sls, ps-pe M, bt, mb, sls, ps-pe M, bt, eh-6‰, eb, eu M, bt, eb, s, ps-pe, sg M, bt, ep, ro, ps, zc, s M, bt, sep, zc, ro, ps-s adp clm clm clm clm clm klm nam amp clmi amip amip amip anam eamip eamip anamrs ep, ? lm namiwp Zoogeo- graphical 0.5 (m) 0-40 0-40 0-30 1-25 3-25 0-184 15-44 1.5-20 Depth Depth 0-5, 40 0-40, 80 8, 13-26 0-30, 40 0-0.5, 90 0-28, 100 5-92, 200 Distribution 11, 25 11, 11, 25 11, 46, 51 11, 25, 27 11, 7, 25, *69 23, 24, 25 27, 28, 69 7, 9, 25, 76 Horizontal 1-22, 25, 26 7, 11, 12, 13 7, 11, 7, 11, 12, 13 7, 11, 7, 16, 17, 51 11, 12, 13, 24, 25 11, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 24 6, 7, 11, 7, 8, 13, 23, 24, 25 2-8, 13, 17, *69, 76 5-22, 25, 26, 27, 69 1-3, 5,7, 13, 17, 25, 11, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25 11, Table 2. Continued Table 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 25, 26, *69 ] ] ] ] fulgens , Paraonis ] Eunicida Spioniida Eunicidae Spionidae Orbiniida Glyceridae Orbiniidae Paraonidae Goniadidae Dorvilleidae Nephthyidae Taxa ] , Lycastopsis 1872) [ N. quadriticeps (Borbretzky, pontica Nemanereis (Augener, 1932) (Augener, stammeri Micronephtys (O. F. Müller, 1776) Müller, F. (O. alba Glycera (Ehlers, 1868) cirrosa Nephtys 1818 in Lamarck, Savigny hombergii Nephtys Grube, 1840 tesselata Glycera Keferstein, 1862 Keferstein, convoluta Glycera ] 1866 [ G. decorata Quatrefages, gigantea Glycera ] 1818 [ G. rouxii in Lamarck, Savigny unicornis Glycera (Delle Chiaje, 1828) (Delle Chiaje, vittata Eunice Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1833 & Milne-Edwards, Audouin ninetta Lysidice (McIntosh, 1869) [ Staurocephalus (McIntosh, kefersteini Protodorvillea (Grube, 1855) [ Staurocephalus Dorvillea rubrovittata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) [ Staurocephalus (Delle Chiaje, rudolphi Schistomeringos (Annenkova, 1929) [ Goniada (Annenkova, bobrezkii Goniadella ] Aricia 1833) [ & Milne-Edwards, (Audouin latreillii Orbinia (Keferstein, 1862) (Keferstein, ciliata Scolelepis ] 1967 [ A. jeffreysii Laubier, claudiae Aricidea (Storch, 1967) [ Cirrophorus (Storch, harpagonea Paradoneis Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 79 358 355 245 245, 249 References 84, 219, 245, 389 84, 245, 358, 389 91, 226, 245, 389 84, 245, 249, 358 84, 245, 249, 358 91, 222, 245, 389 245 349, 358, 389 319, 245, 249, 389 180, 219, 245, 358 219, 245, 358, 389 219, 245, 249, 389 219, 222, 226, 249 180, 219, 226, 245 219, 245, 358, 389 221, 226, 245, 249 219, 180, 245, 392 236, 245, 249, 389 219, 245, 249, 389 177, 219, 245, 249 221, 236, 245, 249 M, bt, is M, bt, eu M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, sep, ps M, bt, eb, sg, s M, bt, shb, phs M, bt, ep, sl, ps M, bt, ep, ps-sg M, bt, ep, ps-pe M, bt, eb, ps-pe M, bt, ep, ps-pe Ecological data M, bt, ep, ro, mc M, bt, sep, ps, sls M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s M, bt-p, sep, ph-lt M, bt, eb, ps, sg, s M, bt, eb, ps, pe, sg M, bt, sep, ps, ls, sls M-B, bt, eh, s, ps-pe M, bt, sep, l-sl, ps, ■ M, bt, ep, s, ps, sg, is M, bt, eb, ps, sg, zc, r M, bt, ep, ps, sg, zc, r M, bt, eb, pe, ms, phs clm klm aam ham nam bam bam amip amip amip namp aamip aamip aamip aamip amp, i amiswp abambp anamnp bapbp, i abapnep aanamip aanamip Zoogeo- graphical clm, ? clmrs 3- 27 12 -23 65- (m) 0-20 0-30 0-70 5-84 4-20 4-28 0-20 5-25 0-10 5-110 5-125 10-37 0.1-32 Depth Depth 0.5-1.5 0-30, 80 0-16-200 Distribution 7, 25 7, 25 24, 49 23, 25 59, 69 1-8, 28 7, 25, 51 6, 23, 25 7, 13, 25 13, 24, 50 Horizontal 7, 11, 18, 25 7, 11, 7, 11, 12, 25 7, 11, 7, 13, 68, 69 4-7, 25, 26, *69 7, 11, 18, 25, 69 7, 11, 7, 25, 26, 68, 69 7, 25, 26, 27, 69 7, 68, 69, 76, 84 7, 13, 25, 26, 69 4, 7-13, 25, 27, 28 7, 68, 69, *78, *79 2, 6, 7, 19, 21, 25, 51 Table 2. Continued Table 7, 9, 13, 25, 26, 27, 69 1-8, 13, 17, 25, 27, 28, ] Opheliida Opheliidae Capitellidae Cirratulidae Capitellida Magelonidae Taxa ] cirratulus 1806) [ Nerine (Müller, squamata Scolelepis ] 1914) [ Nerinides (Southern, tridentata Pseudomalacoceros ] A. ornatus 1914 [ Southern, paucibranchiata Aonides (O. F. Müller, 1776) Müller, F. (O. filicornis Spio 1863 Claparède, elegans Pygospio 1838) (Johnston, ciliata Polydora Bosc, 1802 cornuta Polydora 1883) (Jacobi, quadrilobata Dipolydora 1883 Wirén, cirrifera Prionospio Claparède, 1868 Claparède, malmgreni Prionospio (Buchanan, 1890) (Buchanan, shrubsolii Streblospio F. Müller, 1858 Müller, F. papillicornis Magelona Moore, 1907 Moore, rosea Magelona Audouinia 1808) [ (Montagu, tentaculata Cirriformia ] , Heterocirrus viridis 1862) [ Cirratulus (Keferstein, bioculata Caulleriella Savigny, 1918 Savigny, bicornis Ophelia (Rathke, 1843) (Rathke, limacina Ophelia 1864) (Claparède, filiformis Heteromastus 1780) (Fabricius, capitata Capitella ] 1880 [ Capitomastus Langerhans, minima Capitella 1897 Mesnil, giardi Capitellides M. Sars, 1851 M. Sars, latericeus Notomastus (Dujardin, 1839) (Dujardin, pictus Polyophthalmus (Eisig, 1887) profundus Notomastus 80 Zdravko Hubenov 252 358 245, 249 320, 386 References 249, 358, 289 245, 249, 389 245, 249, 358 84, 91, 219, 222, 84, 91, 219, 226, 67, 84, 178, 219, 91, 226, 245, 249 91, 226, 245, 389 84, 219, 226, 245, 219, 226, 245, 249 221, 245, 249, 387 245, 249, 358, 389 219, 245, 249, 389 206, 245, 249, 252, 67, 84, 91, 178, 245 sg sg, s s, sg M, bt M, bt, ep M, ls, gw, r M, ls, gw, M, bt, sep, sg M, bt, ep, ps, ls M, bt, ep, sl, sg Ecological data M, bt, ep, ps, ps-pe M, bt, ep, sg, ps-pe M, bt, eb-hb, s, phs M-B, bt, 0.5-0.8‰, M, bt, 3-38‰, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps-s, sg, zc M, bt, mb, ps-pe, ms, M, bt, eh, eb, s, ps-pe, lm lm lm ● p clm clm bam clmnwi aannam bamnep bamswp Zoogeo- lm, ? clm graphical cp, ? pc, Rc aanamip, ? K 12 -30 (m) 2-30 0-35 0-30 1.5-12 Depth Depth 15-200 2-5, 40 36-200 0-30, 50 Distribution 25 13 69 7, 35 59, 60 16, 17 28, *69 7, 68, 69 13, 23, 25 Horizontal 7, 25, 26, 69 7, 12, 13, 24 7, 25, 34, 69 7, 12, 25, 51, 84 7, 12, 16, 25, 51 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 2-7, 13, 17, 26, 27, 7, 11, 13, 25, 26, 27, 7, 11, Table 2. Continued Table ] Sabellidae Sabellida Maldanidae Terebellidae Arenicolidae Terebellida Sabellariidae Pectinariidae Ctenodrilidae Ampharetidae Ctenodrilida Parergodrilidae Trichobranchiidae Taxa Lamarck, 1801 Lamarck, marina Arenicola ] grubii 1833) [ Arenicola & Milne-Edwards, (Audouin branchialis Arenicolides ] 1868) [ Praxylla (Claparède, collaris Clymene ] clypeata (Grube, 1860) [ Clymenura leiopygos Leiochone ] , Centrocorone 1837) [ S. spinulosa (Rathke, taurica Sabellaria Monticelli, 1897 [nomen dubium ?] dubium 1897 [nomen Monticelli, dentata Zeppelina Grube, 1870 palmata Melinna (Grube, 1860) invalida Hypania Malmgren, 1866 [ Pectinaria Malmgren, koreni Lagis Knöllner, 1934 Knöllner, subterranea Stygocapitella Sars, 1835 Sars, stroemii Terebellides Bobretzky, 1869 Bobretzky, jubatus Polycirrus (Ehrenberg, 1836) (Ehrenberg, sabella Fabricia ] sabella 1774) [? F. Müller, F. (O. stellaris Fabricia Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 81 389 245, 389 References 84, 245, 389 245, 249, 320 230, 245, 249 67, 84, 219, 226, 84, 245, 249, 389 88, 249, 365, 389 91, 230, 245, 249, 234, 245, 249, 358 219, 245, 249, 389 180, 226, 245, 249 220, 245, 249, 358 220, 245, 249, 389 220, 239, 245, 386 220, 245, 249, 389 220, 245, 249, 389 67, 84, 91, 245, 249 M-B-L, bt M, bt, ep, pe M, bt, ep, lt, r phc, slc, sg, zc M, bt, ep, lt, ro L, bt, cr, po, sw L, bt, cr, Ecological data M, bt, sep, l-sl, ps M, bt, sep, l-sl, ps M, bt, hb, ms, phs M, bt, sep, ps, if, r M, bt, ep, ps, sg, sls M, bt, mb, lt, ms, sg M, bt, mb, lt, ro, ph, M, bt, 0-55‰, ep, is M, bt, eb, l-sl, ps, pe M, bt, ep, l-sl, ps, gw M, bt, ep-mb, slc, phc clm clm clm nami amrsp namip amip, i naminz naminz neamnp neaminz Zoogeo- lm, ? clm lm, ? clm graphical pc, cpc, Rc (hnata, ? sk) kclm, ? clmrs 80 0-1 (m) 0-30 0-15 0-25 0-80 0-30 0-70 10-15 Depth Depth 0.5-0.7 0-30, 75 -130, 200 Distribution 25 24 7, 24 7, 51 7, 35 7, 26 84, 87 58, *68 25, 34, 51 3, 7, 12, 13 Horizontal 1-22, 27, 28 1-22, 24, 50 3, 7, 24, 25, 27 7, 25, 27, 35, 51 5, 7, 68, 69, 77, *79, 7, 25, 34, 35, 51, *69 Table 2. Continued Table ] ] Nerillidae Serpulidae Spirorbidae Dinophilidae Saccocirridae Protodrilidae Polygordiidae Oligochaeta Aphanoneura Archiannelida Aeolosomatidae Aeolosomatida Taxa ] 1923) [ Mercierella (Fauvel, enigmaticus Ficopomatus 1844) (Philippi, infundibulum Vermiliopsis Gunnerus, 1768 Gunnerus, norvegicus Hydroides ] ponticus , P. ponticus neapolitanus 1868 [ P. Schneider, lacteus Polygordius 1857 Schmidt, O. gyrociliatus Dinophilus (Uljanin, 1877) (Uljanin, flavocapitatus Protodrilus 1872 Bobretzky, papillocercus Saccocirrus 1848 Schmidt, antennata Nerilla Ehrenberg, 1831 Ehrenberg, hemprichi Aeolosoma Annenkova, 1928 Annenkova, caspica ? Manayunkia 1864) [ Oridia (Claparède, armandi Oriopsis 1925 Remane, heideri Trilobodrilus ] triquetroides , P. (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Pomatoceros triqueter Spirobranchus 1776) Müller, F. (O. arietina Ditrupa 1870 [ Spirorbis Claparède, militaris Pileolaria Rathke, 1837 Rathke, pusilla Spirorbis 82 Zdravko Hubenov 365 365 365 365 265 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 374, 389 References 88, 365, 372 84, 88, 365, 374 84, 88, 249, 365 88, 249, 365, 374 84, 249, 365, 389 88, 249, 365, 389 107, 249, 364, 365 42, 84, 88, 249, 365 84, 87, 88, 249, 365, L, bt L, bt L, bt, L, bt, eu eu, sw-po L, 2‰, sw M-B, bt, po L-TL, bt, tx M-B, bt, sw L, bt, sw-po M, bt, 1-2‰ M-B-L, bt, eu L-M, bt, 15‰ M-B, bt, 16‰ L, bt, 1-2‰, α M-B, bt, sw-po M-L, bt, sw, po M-L, bt, sw, Ecological data L, 0.78‰, bt, ro L, bt, 1-2‰, o-β L-M, bt, 10‰, sw M, bt, 7‰, ps, gw M-B-L, bt, 18‰, eh, M-L, bt, eh-16‰, eu L, bt, 10‰, ph, ps-pe (h) (k) (k) (k) (po) (hoa) (hoa) (hno) (h, ? k) SK, (sk) ham, (k) Zoogeo- (eca, ? h) amnz, (k) (h, ? hno) clp, ? bap graphical aminz, (k) aminz, (k) bap, (hno) namp, (hn) nam, (hno) amip, (hno) (hop, ? hno) (hpt, ? hptn) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 59 58 84 58 58 58 78 7, 58 58, 96 88, 90 58, 87 84, 96 71, 72 71, 77 *68, 84 58, 71, 77 58, *69, 84 Horizontal 7, 58, 87, 88 80, 84, 87, 92 58, 74, 79, 82 58, 79, 84, 92 *86-88, 90, 92 74, 77, *78, 82, 84, 1-22, 35, 58, 77, 84 54, 58, *68, *69, 71, 58, 71, 72, 74, 77, 78, Table 2. Continued Table ] Naididae Tubificida Tubificidae Criodrilidae Lumbricidae Opistophora Beddard, 1892 sowerbyi Branchiura (Piguet, 1906) (Piguet, pluriseta Aulodrilus Taxa Michaelsen, 1899 Michaelsen, bretscheri Nais 1906 Piguet, communis Nais 1774 Müller, F. O. elinguis Nais Hrabe, 1941 frici Hrabe, Paranais (O. F. Müller, 1780) Müller, F. (O. litoralis Paranais Tauber, 1879 Tauber, leydigi Amphichaeta 1883 Vejdovsky, cristallinus Chaetogaster Michaelsen, 1908 Michaelsen, nerthus Tubifex (Gruithuisen, 1828) (Gruithuisen, diaphanus Chaetogaster 1774) Müller, F. (O. tubifex Tubifex (Savigny, 1876) (Savigny, tetraedra Eiseniella Hoffmeister, 1845 Hoffmeister, lacuum Criodrilus (Linnaeus, 1767) lacustris Stylaria Udekem, 1855 Udekem, obtusa Dero 1773 Müller, F. O. barbata Nais Piguet, 1906 Piguet, variabilis Nais 1774 Müller, F. O. serpentina Ophidonais 1896 [ Paranais Bretscher, naidina Homochaeta (Udekem, 1855) (Udekem, appendiculata Slavina (O. F. Müller, 1773) Müller, F. (O. digitata Dero Piguet, 1906 Piguet, pardalis Nais Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 83 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 43, 249 205, 365 365, 389 References 43, 249, 252 249, 364, 365 249, 364, 365 244, 249, 252 244, 249, 252 244, 249, 252 244, 249, 252 84, 88, 249, 365 88, 249, 365, 389 84, 249, 365, 389 84, 249, 365, 389 88, 249, 365, 389 150, 244, 249, 365 244, 249, 252, 365 L, epi, 0.1-2‰ L-B, bt, sw, po L-B, bt, sw, M, bt, l, ps, gw Ecological data L, bt, eu, sw, po L, bt, eu, sw, M, bt, l-sl, gw, ps M, bt, l-sl, gw, L, 2‰, bt, po, sw M-B, bt, l, ps, gw M-B-L, bt, po, sw M-L-TL, l, ps, gw M, 15‰, l, ps, gw M, bt, 15‰, pe-ps L-B, 2‰, bt, pe, α L-B, 1‰, bt, eu, α M-L, 2‰, bt, sw, r M-L, 2‰, bt, sw, M, bt, l-sl, s, ro, ps M-L, bt, sw, po, pe M-L, bt, sw, L, 2‰, bt, po, sw, r L, 2‰, bt, po, sw, M-B, bt, l, ps, pe-ps M-L, bt, sw, po, α, s M-L, bt, sw, M-L, bt, l, ps, gw, cr M-L, bt, l, ps, gw, M-L, 2‰, bt, ps, α-β M, bt, 15‰, l, ps, gw M, bt, 15‰, l, ps, gw M, bt, l, pe-ps, gw, ph M, bt, l, pe-ps, gw, cp (k) clp bap bap bap (ho) ? bap pc, cp ? nam (wpat) SK, (k) SK, (k) clm, (h) clm, (h) ? namnp Zoogeo- clm, (ho) nam, (ho) graphical bapbp, (h) pc, (eit, ? h) (csee, ? cse) clmnz, (hna) napnei, (hna) clm, ? clmnei (m) Depth Depth 0.5-120 Distribution 58 58 58 58 58 78 11, 35 11, 84, 96 13, 84 58, *68 60, ? 61 1-22, 35 1-22, 35 1-22, 35 1-22, 35 1-22, 35 1-22, 35 71, 80, 92 80, 84, 87 Horizontal 1-22, 35, 49 1-22, 35, 54 58, 78, 84, 88 11, 58, 84, 88, 96 11, 58, 65, *68, 74, 79, Table 2. Continued Table 58, *68, 71, 74, 87, 92 ] , Tubifex Hirudinea Enchytraeidae Branchiobdellidae Rhynchobdellida Branchiobdellida Branchiobdellea ] ponticus , M. r. ponticus Levinsen, 1884 [ Rhizodrilus Taxa (Grube, 1861) barbatus Psammoryctides 1934) (Hrabe, moravicus Psammoryctides 1913) (Oeschmann, bavaricus Potamothrix 1913) (Piguet, bedoti Potamothrix ] 1863 [ Tubifex Claparède, costata Heterochaeta (Michaelsen, 1901) (Michaelsen, hammoniensis Potamothrix 1941) (Hrabě, vejdovskyi Potamothrix 1776) (Müller, arenarius Clitellio 1935 Knöllner, monospermathecus Aktedrilus Claparède, 1862 Claparède, hoffmeisteri Limnodrilus (Michaelsen, 1901) [ Psammoryctes (Michaelsen, albicola Psammoryctides ] 1855) [ Peloscolex (Udekem, benedii Tubificoides Ratzel, 1868 Ratzel, claparedeanus Limnodrilus (Verrill, 1871) (Verrill, profundicola Limnodrilus 1862 Claparède, udekemianus Limnodrilus ?] euxinus 1966) [ Tubifex (Hrabě, euxinicus Tubificoides ] papillosa , Pristina heterochaetus 1948 [ T. Jaroschenko, swirencowi Tubificoides Monopylephorus rubroniveus Henle, 1837 Henle, albidus Enchytraeus (Hagen, 1954) (Hagen, achaeta Marionina Lasserre, 1964 elongata Marionina (Leuckart, 1847) spicula Marionina (Knöllner, 1935) (Knöllner, subterranea Marionina Odier, 1823 Odier, astaci Branchiobdella 84 Zdravko Hubenov 258 84, 389 374, 389 249, 392 249, 316 374, 389 372, 389 374, 389 374, 389 374, 389 References 249, 388, 389 249, 388, 389 84, 249, 382, 388 L, bt L, bt, ph, 1‰ L, bt, ph, 2‰ L, bt, ph, 10‰ M, bt, l, ps, gw L-B-M, bt, 1‰ L, bt, ph, 0.3‰ L, bt, ph, 0.3‰ M, bt, sl, ps, ph Ecological data L, bt, ph, lt, 5-7‰ M, bt, eh, eu, l, ph L, bt, ph, 10‰, ▲ M, bt, l-sl, ps, s, gw M, bt, l-sl, ps, gw, if M, bt, l-sl, ps, gw, (h) clm (po) (po) (? h) (wp) (cse) (ena) anamp Zoogeo- lm, ? clm nami, ? K graphical neamj, (h) cpnei, ? cg (hn, ? hnat) -25 1-8 (m) Depth Depth Distribution 35 58 *68 *67 58, 77 58, 59 58, *68 3-22, 50 16, 35, 51 24, 25, 49 58, *68, 94 Horizontal 58, *68, *74 16, 18, 25, 51 58, *68, *69, *74 Table 2. Continued Table ] ] Paracheta Piscicolidae Hypsibiidae Stygarctidae Hirudinidae Haemopidae Batillipedidae Erpobdellidae Echiniscoidea TARDIGRADA Echiniscoididae Halechiniscidae Glossiphoniidae Eutardigrada Arthrotardigrada Heterotardigrada ] 1820 [ H. medicinalis Carena, verbana Richters, 1908 Richters, guiteli Halechiniscus (Richters, 1908) [ Hypsibius (Richters, stenostomus Halobiotus Plate, 1889 Plate, sigismundi Echiniscoides (Linnaeus, 1758) ococulata Erpobdella Schulz, 1951 Schulz, bradypus Stygarctus Richters, 1909 Richters, mirus Batillipes ] gulo (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Aulastoma sanguisuga Haemopis Arhynchobdellida (Linnaeus, 1758) geometra Piscicola Hirudo (O. F. Müller, 1774) [ Protoclepsis Müller, F. (O. tessulatum Theromyzon Taxa (Fr. Müller, 1846) Müller, (Fr. costata Placobdella (O. F. Müller, 1774) Müller, F. (O. marginata Hemiclepsis (Linnaeus, 1758) complanata Glossiphonia Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) stagnalis Helobdella Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 85 249 374, 389 374, 389 References 84, 249, 389 89, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 89, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 89, 249, 389 249, 389, 402 249, 252, 306 249, 252, 306 249, 252, 307 249, 252, 307 249, 389, 402 249, 389, 401 84, 89, 275, 389 89, 249, 374, 389 89, 249, 374, 389 89, 249, 275, 389 89, 249, 275, 389 89, 249, 275, 389 114, 249, 252, 307 114, 249, 389, 400, 402 L, 6‰ L, 4‰ M, bt, sl M, bt, sl ps, gw, ■ ps, gw, M, bt, l-sl M, bt, l-sl M-B, bt, l M-B-L, bt M-B, bt, sl M-B, bt, sl M-B, bt, slc M-B, bt, l-sl B-L-(M), bt, eu Ecological data M-B, eh, bt, l-sl M, bt, 12‰, l-sl M-B, bt, 12‰, sl M-B, eh, bt, l, gw M-B, bt, 1-20‰, l M-B, bt, l-sl, ph, lt M-B, bt, 15‰, l-sl, M-B, bt, l-sl, ph, sg M-B, bt, l-sl, pe, slc M-B, bt, l-sl, ps, gw M-B, bt, l-sl, slc, phc cp lm (e) bap clm clm clm clm clm clm bam nam hom hom clmi hom abap lm, ?R Zoogeo- lmwi, ?R lm, ? clm graphical (csee, ? e) clm, ? clmi abam, ? anam abam, ? anam 12 -46 -20 (m) -150 0-10 9-28 0.5-28 Depth Depth Distribution 7 7 94 35 35 *69 *86 *69 8, 18 7, 16 7, 24 3, 5, 84 *67, *69 11, 12, 16 11, 70, *86, 94 Horizontal 11, 12, 13, 16 11, 11, 12, 16, 24 11, 11, 12, 13, 16 11, 11, 12, 13, 16, 24 11, 11, 12, 13, 16, *79 11, 11, 12, 13, 16, *69 11, 7, 11, 12, 13, 16, 24 7, 11, 11-13, 16, 24, 27, 28 11-13, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] , Halacarellus ] ] , Halacarellus ] Acarina Halacaridae Arachnida Hydrozetidae Limnozetidae ARTHROPODA Taxa Trouessart, 1889 Trouessart, magnirostris Rhombognathus (Michael, 1882) (Michael, lacustris Hydrozetes (Gosse, 1855) notops Rhombognathus ] 1889) [ Rhombognathus (Lohmann, pascens Rhombognathides 1927) (Viets, procerus Halacarellus (Sellnick, 1923) rugosus Limnozetes Schulz, 1933 Schulz, subterraneus Halacarellus Halacarus 1967 [ Monniot, marcandrei Anomalohalacarus (Lohmann, 1889) (Lohmann, fabricii Copidognathus Petrova, 1972 Petrova, phreaticus Halacarellus Halacarus 1893) [ (Lohmann, capuzinus Halacarellus ] affinis var. basteri 1896) [ Halacarus (Trouessart, affinis Thalassarachna 1940 Viets, extensus Copidognathus ] , C. m. serratiseta C. m. ponticus 1909) [ (Police, magnipalpus Copidognathus (Johnston, 1836) ? [ Halacarellus (Johnston, basteri ? Thalassarachna 1927) [ Halacarus (Viets, hexacantha Thalassarachna 1940 Viets, brachystomus Copidognathus 1927 Viets, brevirostris Copidognathus , Halacarus 1863) [ Copidognathopsis (Hodge, oculatus Copidognathus ] 1894) [ Copidognathopsis (Trouessart, quadricostatus Copidognathus (Gosse, 1855) rhodostigma Copidognathus (Trouessart, 1894) (Trouessart, tabellio Copidognathus ] 1935) [ Copidognathopsis (Viets, tectiporus Copidognathus 1889) [ Halacarus (Trouessart, chevreuxi Agaue 86 Zdravko Hubenov 84, 389 84, 389 84, 389 389, 402 389, 400 389, 400 389, 400 389, 402 389, 402 References 39, 249, 389 89, 249, 389 89, 249, 389 247, 249, 252 249, 252, 308 229, 249, 389 229, 249, 392 252, 389, 402 89, 249, 275, 389 249, 252, 309, 392 L, bt L, bt L, bt, l L, bt, l L, bt, l L, bt, l L, bt, 3‰ L, bt, 1‰ M-B, bt, l L, bt, 1‰, l M, bt, shb, phs M, bt, ep, sl, ph M-B, bt, ps, gw Ecological data B-L, bt, ep, ro, s M, bt, l-sl, ps, gw M-B, bt, eb, sg, phs M-B, bt, sg, ms, phc M-B, bt, eb, ms, phs M-B, bt, gw-if, ps, sl (h) (h) (h) (h) (h) ● p clm ham bam hom kclm (? tp) anam lmnei (wesa) namnei (sk, ? k) Zoogeo- (wp, ? tp) graphical pc, clm, Rc -5 1-2 1-2 (m) 9-28 -150 35-80 Depth Depth 45-100 Distribution 7 93 88 42 90 42 42 *67 *68 *68 *69 7, 24 7, 35 25, 35 1-22, 28 12, 27, 28 Horizontal 12, 16, 25, 28 11, 12, 25, 35, 51, 92 11, 11, 12, 13, 16, 25, 27 11, Table 2. Continued Table ] Eylaidae Aturidae Pantopoda Limnesiidae Arrenuridae Hydrachnidae Ammotheidae Pycnogonida Callipallenidae Pontarachnidae Hydrodromidae Hydryphantidae (Dohrn, 1881) phantoma Callipallene (Dohrn, 1881) conirostre Tanystylum Koenike, 1885 Koenike, bruzelii Arrenurus (O. F. Müller, 1776) Müller, F. (O. versicolor Brachypoda Koenike, 1914 Koenike, crassipalpis Hydryphantes (O. F. Müller, 1776) Müller, F. (O. despiciens Hydrodroma Petrova, 1978 Petrova, valkanovi Pontarachna (O. F. Müller, 1776) Müller, F. (O. undulata Limnesia Taxa Piersig, 1899 Piersig, rimosa Eylais Piersig, 1894 Piersig, koenikei Limnesia Petrova, 1976 Petrova, marinovi Agauopsis 1937 Schulz, pygmaeus Actacarus ] 1889) [ Copidognathopsis (Trouessart, gracilipes Arhodeoporus 1954 Angelier, delamarei Acarochelopodia 1863) (Hodge, falcata Lohmannella Koenike, 1897 Koenike, infundibulifera Eylais var. ponticus var. b. , Agaue 1889) [ A. pontica (Trouessart, brevipalpus Agauopsis O. F. Müller, 1776 Müller, F. O. cruenta Hydrachna ] 1928 [ C. h. danubialis Viets, hyrcanus Caspihalacarus Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 87 389 389 119, 359 119, 279, 280 279, 280 279, 280 279, 280 279, 280 References 97, 279, 389 100, 114, 389 100, 114, 279, 374, 389 279, 374, 389 252, 278, 279 252, 277, 279 252, 278, 279, 97, 278, 374, 389 198, 202, 319, 389 278, 279, 280, 389 278, 279, 374, 389 278, 279, 280, 374, 277, 279, 280, 374, 86, 91, 100, 372, 389 L, p B-L, p B-L, 1‰, p L, 0-20‰, p L, 1‰, p-bt, s L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ L, 0.5-0.8‰, p B-L, 0.5-6‰, p Ecological data B-M, 30‰, p, ■ M-B-L, 0.5‰, p M-B-L, p, eh, epp B, 20-80-340‰, p M-B-L, 0.2-2‰, p M-B-L, 3‰, p, epp B, 20-100-340‰, p M-B-L, p, eh, 6-8‰ M-B-L, 0.5-0.8‰, p M-B-L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ M-B-L, 1-2‰, p, epp (e) (k) (k) (h) (sk) (sk) (sk) (pat) (hnat) amiwp (h, ? sk) (omcaa) Zoogeo- (sp, ? sk) lm, (atm) anam, (k) graphical apswp, (h) namp, (sk) amswp, (k) amwp, (hat) amwp, (pat) (m) 0-50 Depth Depth Distribution 92 78 60 60 42 *64 *68 *68 59, 60 59, 60 42, 86 76, 77 92, 93 59, 60 58, *68 *64, 76, 77 Horizontal 7, 29, *69, 77 58, *68, *79, 80 71, *79, 80, 88, 92 58, 59, 60, *68, *69, 58, 59, 60, *68, *69, 76, 77, *79, *86, 88, Table 2. Continued Table 58, 59, 60, *68, 77, 80 ] Sididae Artemiidae Bosminidae Crustacea Macrothricidae Thamnocephalidae Sarsostraca: Anostraca Sarsostraca: (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) Edwards, (H. Milne spinosa Branchinella Phyllopoda: CladoceraPhyllopoda: ] schmackeri 1849 [ P. Dana, avirostris Penilia (Liévin, 1848) brachyurum Diaphanosoma 1981 Korinek, lacustris Diaphanosoma Taxa (Jurine, 1820) (Jurine, laticornis Macrothrix Baird, 1857 Baird, coregoni Bosmina (Liévin, 1848) sordidus Ilyocryptus ] l. similis 1776) [ B. Müller, F. (O. longirostris Bosmina (Eurycercidae) Chydoridae 1834) (Baird, harpae Acroperus 1862 Sars, guttata Alona 1776) Müller, F. (O. quadrangularis Alona Sars, 1862 Sars, piger Chydorus 1785) Müller, F. (O. sphaericus Chydorus , Rhynchotalona 1841) [ Phrixura (Koch, rostrata Disparalona 1848) (Fischer, testudinaria Graptoleberis (Linnaeus, 1758) salina Artemia Bowen & Sterling, 1978 & Sterling, Bowen parthenogenetica Artemia Sars, 1861 Sars, rectangula Alona 1854) excisa (Fischer, Alonella 1853) (Lilljeborg, exigua Alonella 88 Zdravko Hubenov 279, 280 374, 389 References 97, 279, 389 252, 278, 279 279, 374, 389 279, 374, 389 279, 374, 389 252, 278, 279 279, 374, 389 252, 278, 279 280, 374, 389 97, 278, 279, 280 91, 198, 319, 389 91, 198, 319, 389 277, 278, 279, 280 252, 277, 278, 279 278, 280, 374, 389 252, 278, 279, 374 201, 317, 319, 389 252, 277, 278, 279 192, 193, 252, 279 258, 279, 374, 389 252, 277, 278, 280 252, 277, 279, 280 279, 289, 375, 389 279, 280, 374, 389 190, 192, 193, 252, 190, 193, 252, 278, M, p L-B, p B-L, p B-L, p L, p, 2‰ M, p, epp L, p, 1.5‰ L, p, 1‰, r B-L, p, 4‰ B-L, p, 1‰ L, p, 0.5-8‰ L, p, 0.5-8‰ L, p, 0.5-2‰ B-L, p, 0.8‰ B-L, p, 0.5‰ B-L, p, 5-17‰ L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ B-L, p, 0.5-2‰ B-L, p, 0.5-2‰ B-L, p, 0.5-2‰ B-L, p, 0.5-2‰ Ecological data M, p, eh, epp, et M-B-L, p, 0.8‰ L-B, p, 0.5-15‰ B-L, p, 0.5-20‰ M-B-L, p, 1-12‰ M-B-L, p, 0.5-2‰ (k) (h) (h) (h) (sk) (sk) (sk) (sk) (sk) (sk) (sk) (sk) (hat) (hat) (hpt) amip (hes) namp (hata) (hata) (hnat) amwp (? atm) Zoogeo- (h, ? hpt) (hop, ? h) graphical ? SK, (sk) (hat,? hpt) (m) 0-25 0-20 Depth Depth Distribution 58 95 81 58 58 *68 *69 *69 58, 84 29, 69 58, 79 68, 79 13, 71 59, 60 74, 77, 80 78, 79, 80 59, 60, *69 Horizontal 7, 11, 12, 29 7, 11, 58, 59, 60, 78 58, 78, 79, 80 60, 82, 88, 92 7, 11, 12, 16, 29 7, 11, 58, 59, 60, 80, 88 58, 59, 60, 78, 80 58, 59, 60, 78, 79 59, 60, *68, *86, 88 Table 2. Continued Table 58, 59, 60, *68, 77, 80 ] , Pleopis ] Moinidae Podonidae Daphniidae Lovén, 1836 Lovén, nordmanni Evadne (Jurine, 1820) (Jurine, reticulata Ceriodaphnia 1776) Müller, F. (O. mucronata Scapholeberis 1776) Müller, F. (O. vetulus Simocephalus Richard, 1894 [ Moina Richard, dubia Ceriodaphnia 1862 Sars, pulchella Ceriodaphnia 1785) Müller, F. (O. quadrangula Ceriodaphnia 1867 E. Müller, P. spinifera Evadne Leydig, 1860 hyalina Daphnia (O. F. Müller, 1776) Müller, F. (O. longispina Daphnia 1820 Straus, magna Daphnia (Leydig, 1860) pulex Daphnia 1900 Lilljeborg, affinis Ceriodaphnia (Claus, 1877) [ Evadne (Claus, tergestina Pseudevadne Taxa Eylmann, 1887 [? complex] Eylmann, curvirostris Daphnia 1863 Sars, galeata Daphnia ] c. breviensis , D. c. apicata 1862 [ D. Sars, cucullata Daphnia (Fischer, 1854) (Fischer, acanthocercoides Leydigia (Schoedler, 1863) (Schoedler, leydigi Leydigia Welter, 1898 hartwigi Welter, Moina Sars, 1862 Sars, dispar Monospilus 1862) (Sars, tenuicaudis Oxyurella 1776) Müller, F. (O. trigonellus Pleuroxus 1850 Baird, uncinatus Pleuroxus 1819) (Straus, macrocopa Moina ] , M. propinqua 1874 [ M. m. dubia Kurz, micrura Moina Moina rectirostris (Leydig, 1860) rectirostris Moina Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 89 249 97, 389 84, 389 97, 389 97, 389 185, 389 201, 202 317, 389 References 228, 249, 392 185, 249, 389 185, 249, 389 185, 249, 389 185, 249, 389 185, 249, 389 185, 249, 389 317, 385, 389 185, 249, 389 185, 249, 389 233, 249, 252 185, 249, 389 185, 249, 374, 389 201, 319, 374, 389 198, 201, 304, 317 L, bt L-B, bt M, p, epp L, bt, 1‰ L, bt, 1‰ L, bt, 1‰ M-B, p, eh L-B, bt, 1‰ L-B, bt, 8‰ L-B, bt, 8‰ L-B, bt, 1‰ L-B, bt, 1‰ L-B, bt, 1‰ M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, eb, ps L-B, bt, 10‰ L-B, bt, 1-5‰ M-B-L, p, 3‰ M-B-L, p, 5‰ M, p, epp, 10‰ Ecological data L-B, bt, eh-150‰ M-B-L, bt, 0-20‰ M, bt, mb, pe, s-ps ep (e) (h) (k) (k) (k) (h) ● p clm (sk) (wp) (wp) (pm) (eca) (ean) amnp (hnat) (hom) pc, Rc pc, Rc abapbp (mwca) bamswp Zoogeo- graphical (m) 0-50 10-43 8, 100 0.7-10 Depth Depth Distribution 42 94 93 96 29 93 93 *68 *68 *68 *68 *68 *69 *68 26, 27 93, 95 *68, *69 11, 25, 27 11, 7, 29, *69 Horizontal 11, 12, 25, 71 11, *68, *69, *74, 77, 61, 64, 76, 77, *79 7, 13, 29, 69, 72, 77 Table 2. Continued Table *86, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94 ] ] ] ] ] Cyprididae Candonidae Cercopagidae Darwinulidae Ilyocyprididae Cushmanideidae Ostracoda: Podocopida Ostracoda: ] 1960) [ Cyteridea (Caraion, bacescoi Pontocythere G. W. Müller, 1900 [ Eucypris Müller, G. W. serrata Trajancypris 1838) (Koch, biplicata Ilyocypris Dubowsky, 1939 Dubowsky, tchernijawskii Pontocythere (Ramdohr, 1808) (Ramdohr, incongruens Heterocypris (Masi, 1932) (Masi, maura Heterocypris Klie, 1935 steueri Potamocypris (O. F. Müller, 1776) Müller, F. (O. vidua Cypridopsis (Brady et Robertson, 1870) [ Cypridopsis (Brady newtoni Plesiocypridopsis Taxa ] fretensis 1868) [ Heterocypris (Brady, salinus Cyprinotus 1903) Sars, (G. O. Eucypris inflata (Costa, 1847) [ Cypridopsis aculeata Sarscypridopsis ] kliei 1903 [ Phycocypria Müller, G. W. kraepelini Physocypria Lilljeborg, 1853 Lilljeborg, intermedius Podon 1862 Sars, G. O. leuckartii Podon (Leucart, 1859) [ Podon polyphaemoides Pleopis G. O. Sars, 1866 Sars, G. O. polita Paracypris (Ostroumov, 1891) (Ostroumov, pengoi Cercopagis ] ovum , Podon ovum t. 1897) [ P. Sars, (G. O. trigona Podonevadne 1912) [ Candona (Hirschmann, levanderi Fabaeformiscandona (Brady et Robertson, 1870) (Brady stevensoni Darwinula G. O. Sars, 1887 Sars, G. O. neglecta Candona et Robertson, 1870) (Brady kingsleii Candonopsis 90 Zdravko Hubenov 249 249 249 249 References 237, 249, 252 237, 249, 252 237, 249, 252 237, 249, 252 249, 327, 252 237, 249, 252 237, 249, 252 237, 249, 252 185, 249, 389 225, 249, 392 237, 249, 252 225, 249, 392 237, 249, 252 225, 249, 392 227, 249, 392 228, 249, 392 225, 249, 392 84, 249, 374, 389 185, 249, 374, 389 B-M, bt B-M, bt B-M, bt M-B, bt B-L, bt, 1‰ M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, eb, pe M, bt, eb, pe M, bt, ps, gw M-B-L, bt, ep, Ecological data M, bt, eb, pe, sg M, bt, ep, ps, pe M, bt, ep, ph, ro M-B, bt, 1-12‰ M, bt, eb, pe, s-ps M, bt, eb, pe, s, ps M, bt, ep, pe, ps, sg M, bt, ep, pe, ps, ph M, bt, eb, ps, ph, pe M, bt, ep, ps, ph, pe M, bt, eb-hb, pe, s-ps 0-30‰, eh, ps, pe, ph M, bt, hb, pe, s-ps, sg m ce lm mj mj (h) ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p pca clm hom adep m, ? em m, ? em Zoogeo- clm, (hat) graphical pc, Sf, Rc pc, Sf, Rc pc, Sf, Rc pc, Sf, Rc (m) 8-12 0-10 -100 8-15 5-80 2-20 1-100 13-70 2-100 20-80 15-30 20-80 10-25 0.4-10 Depth Depth 20-100 Distribution 3 3 3 3 24 *68 26, 27 25, 35 1-22, 25 7, 11, 25 7, 11, *68, *69 24, 25, 26 Horizontal 1-22, 26, 27 1-22, 24, 50 1-22, 25, 26 1-22, 25, 26 8, 11, 12, 25 8, 11, 25, 26, 27, 28 *79, 84, 93, 96 7, 24, 25, 26, 27 1-22, 25, 26, 27, 28 *68, *69, 76, 77, *78, Table 2. Continued Table 3, 7, 10, 25, 26, 27, 28 3, 7, 10, 25, 27, 28, 35 Cytheridae Cytherideidae Hemicytheridae Limnocytheridae Trachyleberididae Taxa ] 1850) [ C. littoralis (Jones, torosa Cyprideis (Bosquet, 1952) acuminata Cytheridea Leptocytheridae (Cytheridae) ] 1949) [ Leptocythere (Schweyer, quinquetuberculata Amnicythere ] 1949) [ Leptocythere (Schweyer, striatocostata Amnicythere ] 1964) [ Leptocythere (Schornikov, lopatici Euxinocythere Schornikov, 1966 devexa Schornikov, Leptocythere (Brady et Robertson, 1869) (Brady macallana Leptocythere ] 1894) [ Callistocythere Müller, G. W. diffusa Leptocythere ] 1894) [ Callistocythere Müller, (G. W. mediterranea Leptocythere (Seguenza, 1942) multipunctata Leptocythere Schornikov, 1966 Schornikov, nitida Leptocythere Cytheromatidae (Cytheromidae) Cytheromatidae 1939 Dubowsky, karadagiensis Cytheroma Schornikov, 1969 Schornikov, dubowskyi Aurila Schornikov, 1964 Schornikov, relicta Leptocythere ] , Carinocythereis pontica 1894) [ H. r. Müller, (G. W. rubra Hiltermannicythere ] , Cythereis 1838) [ C. antiquata (Roemer, carinata Carinocythereis (Baird, 1843) (Baird, inopinata Limnocythere ] Cythere 1902) [ (Brady, sicula Hemicythere 1969 Schornikov, marinovi Cytheroma G. W. Müller, 1894 Müller, G. W. variabilis Cytheroma 1963 Marinov, arenaria Pontocytheroma Dubowsky, 1939 Dubowsky, paulii Paracytheridea Marinov, 1962 Marinov, hartmanni Parvocythere Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 91 249 225, 392 249, 252 249, 252 249, 252 References 80, 249, 392 225, 249, 392 247, 249, 252 233, 249, 252 185, 249, 389 228, 249, 392 225, 249, 392 228, 249, 392 228, 249, 392 225, 249, 252 228, 249, 392 225, 249, 392 247, 249, 252 185, 249, 389 185, 249, 389 225, 249, 392 247, 249, 252 225, 249, 392 225, 249, 389 84, 185, 249, 389 185, 249, 374, 389 M, bt, sl M, bt, ps M-B, bt, eh M, bt, ps, if M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, eb, ps M, bt, eb, pe M, bt, ep, ph M, bt, ep, ph M, bt, eb, ph M, bt, sep, ps M, bt, sep, ph Ecological data M, bt, ep, pe, zc M, bt, ep-me, ps M-B, bt, pe, s-ps M, bt, hb, ph, phs M, bt, eb, l, ps, gw M, bt, eb, ph-zc-phs M, bt, eb, ph, pe, ps-s M, bt, mb, eh, s-ph-ro m ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p clm clm clm clm bam hom abam namni ● p, Ebg ● p, Ebg ● p, Ebg ● p, Ebg Zoogeo- m, ? hom m, ? hom graphical clm, ? bam -5 -7 -5 0-5 2-3 -25 -20 -25 (m) 0-15 5-50 5-25 5-10 1-30 0-25 3-100 1.5-90 Depth Depth 20-100 -70, 100 Distribution 7 86 8, 25 11, 25 11, 24*, 69 24, *86 7, 11, 25 7, 11, 7, 25, 33 16, 24, 89 16, 23, 26 3, 4, 7, 25 24, 25, 27 25, 35, 51 3, 7, 10, 25 Horizontal 8, 11, 12, 25 8, 11, 8, 11, 12, 25 8, 11, 7, 21, 22, 25 3, 7, 10, 17, 25 7, 11-22, 25, 51 7, 11-22, 1-22, 26, 27, 28 *68, 84, *86, 88 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 25 7, 23, 24, 27, 28 7, 16, 24, 77, *86 Table 2. Continued Table 3, 7, 10, 17, 24, 26, 27 3, 7, 10, 21, 22, 24, 28 Cytheruridae Loxoconchidae Bythocytheridae Microcytheridae Xestoleberididae Taxa ] Klie, 1937 [ Hemicytherura bulgarica Eucytherura Klie, 1937 pontica Loxoconcha 1855) (Fischer, rhomboidea Loxoconcha 1969 Schornikov, marinovi Microloxoconcha 1939 Dubowsky, pontica Pseudocytherura Marinov, 1963 Marinov, aestuarii Loxoconcha Caraion, 1961 Caraion, bulgarica Loxoconcha ] 1868 [ L. gauthieri Brady, elliptica Loxoconcha 1866 Sars, G. O. granulata Loxoconcha (Baird, impressa Loxoconcha ] , Sagmatocythere 1894 [ L. pennatus Müller, G. W. littoralis Loxoconcha ] Tuberoloxoconcha 1962 [ Marinov, nana Loxoconcha Schornikov, 1969 Schornikov, calamitica Semicytherura (Caraion, 1967) (Caraion, euxinica Semicytherura ] , Levocytherura 1962) [ Cytherura (Marinov, pontica Semicytherura Schornikov, 1969 Schornikov, virgata Semicytherura ] , Semicytherura 1962) [ Cytherura (Marinov, remanei Levocytherura Dubowsky, 1939 Dubowsky, fulvoides Microcytherura (Baird, 1838) (Baird, aurantia Xestoleberis G. W. Müller, 1894 Müller, G. W. nigrescens Microcytherura 1963 Caraion, cornelii Xestoleberis Marinov, 1962 Marinov, longiantennata Microcythere (G. W. Müller, 1894) Müller, (G. W. decipiens Xestoleberis Marinov, 1962 Marinov, varnensis Microcythere ] dubowskyi 1939 [ S. g. Dubowsky, gewemuelleri Sclerochilus G. O. Sars, 1866 Sars, G. O. turgida Bythocythere 92 Zdravko Hubenov 249 249 249 249 280 114, 198 114, 228, 392 References 185, 249, 389 228, 249, 392 234, 249, 392 186, 249, 389 185, 249, 389 228, 249, 392 252, 277, 279 91, 201, 304, 389 91, 304, 319, 374 110, 252, 278, 279 110, 185, 186, 249, 392 160, 163, 269, 334 198, 317, 319, 389 120, 198, 319, 389 280, 294, 374, 389 L M, p M, p M, p M, bt M, p, ■ M, p, et M, p, pp, et M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ph, lt M-B, p, epp, eh Ecological data M, bt, ep, ps, ph M, bt, ep, ph, zc M, bt, sep, ph, zc M, bt, seb, eh, ph M, p, eh, 0.5-0.8‰ M-B, p, eh, 0-10‰ M, bt, ep, ps, ph, ro M, bt, ep-mb, ph, ro M, bt, ep, ph, slc, zc M, bt, eb, phc-ms-phs K cp lm ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p clm mrs amp amip (seea) m, hom anamnp cpc, (tp) ● p, Ebg ● p, Ebg Zoogeo- m, ? hom graphical anapnep, (h) -2 -4 -25 -30 -10 -30 (m) 10-20 10-15 15-83 0-150 0-200 0-150 Depth Depth Distribution 24 59 42 7, 20 11, 25 11, 11, 25 11, 24, 25 24, 25 23, 24 88, 93 76, 77 24, *86 23, 24, *69 Horizontal 7, 10-17, 29 7, 29, 58, 80 20, 24, 27, 28 3, 7, 10, 17, 29 23, 24,*69, *86 7, 10-17, 29, 69 7, 10-17, 29, 77 23, 24, *79, *86 7, 11, 12, 29, *69, 7, 11, 59, 60, 71, 77, 80, 3, 7, 10-17, 76, 77 Table 2. Continued Table Calanidae Temoridae Diaptomidae Paracalanidae Centropagidae Copepoda: Calanoida Copepoda: Paradoxostomatidae, Cytheridae Paradoxostomatidae, Taxa Marinov, 1964 Marinov, carcinitica Cytherois Klie, 1937 cepa Cytherois ] messambriensis C. pseudovitrea 1964 [ Marinov, messambriensis Cytherois Marinov, 1966 Marinov, pontica Cytherois ] pseudovitrea 1939 [ C. p. Dubowsky, pseudovitrea Cytherois Klie, 1937 valkanovi Cytherois 1866 Sars, G. O. abbreviata Paradoxostoma 1965 Schornikov, convexum Paradoxostoma G. W. Müller, 1894 Müller, G. W. intermedium Paradoxostoma 1942 Klie et Whittaker, ponticum Paradoxostoma 1894 Müller, G. W. simile Paradoxostoma Schornikov, 1965 Schornikov, guttatum Paradoxostoma ] 1991 [? C. helgolandicus Hulsemann, euxinus Calanus (Claus, 1863) (Claus, helgolandicus ? Calanus (Poppe, 1880) (Poppe, affinis Eurytemora Clausocalanidae (Pseudocalanidae) (Boeck, 1865) elongatus Pseudocalanus 1887) (Poppe, lacustris Eurytemora Paracalanus parvus 1863) (Claus, Paracalanus (Lilljeborg, 1853) (Lilljeborg, velox Eurytemora 1893 Giesbrecht, kroyeri ? Centropages ] , ? C. kroyeri pontica 1895 [ C. kroyeri Karavaev, ponticus Centropages ] 1940 [ A. byzantinus Mann, byzantius Arctodiaptomus Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 93 324 269, 355 279, 280 279, 280 252, 277 160, 324 References 91, 279, 389 192, 252, 279 160, 204, 355 279, 374, 389 91, 198, 319, 389 91, 198, 319, 389 84, 114, 198, 201, 84, 114, 91, 198, 201, 304, 317, 319, 374, 389 198, 201, 319, 389 198, 201, 319, 389 317, 319, 374, 389 279, 317, 319, 374 198, 201, 319, 389 317, 319, 374, 389 198, 201, 279, 280, L, p M, p M, p, ■ M, p, th M-B-L, p L, p, 10‰ M, p, et, ■ L, p, 0-30‰ B, p, 0-10‰ B-L, p, eh, et M-B-L, p, eh M, p, 10‰, et M, p, 10‰, th M, p, eh, th, ■ L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ Ecological data M-B-L, p, eh, ■ M-B-L, p, eh, is M-B-L, p, eh, epp K K (k) (po) lmm lmm (pat) amip amip amip SK, i (nem) (hom) amrsp lmmwi Zoogeo- K, aamip (hn, ? sk) graphical lm, (hom) antamip, K, i 20 20- (m) 0-50 Depth Depth Distribution 29 78 29 85 2-17 7, 29 7, 29 59, 60 59, 60 7, 11, 29 7, 11, 10-17, 29 *69, 84, 88 Horizontal 88, 90, 92-95 76, 77, 80, 84 7, 12, 29, *69 7, *69, *79, 84 7, 10-17, 16, 29 *79, 84, *86, 88 7, 11, 12, 29, *68, 7, 11, 7, 10-17, 29, 68, 69, Table 2. Continued Table 7, 13, 29, 59, 60, *68- 70, *74, 76-80, 83, 85, ] ] ] Acartiidae Cyclopidae Pontellidae Oithonidae Monstrillidae Pseudodiaptomidae Copepoda: Cyclopoida Copepoda: Templeton, 1837 Templeton, patersoni Anomalocera (Czerniavsky, 1868) (Czerniavsky, brunescens Labidocera Giesbrecht, 1889 Giesbrecht, clausi Acartia Kritchagin, 1873 Kritchagin, aquaedulcis Calanipeda (Claus, 1863) (Claus, mediterranea Pontella 184 Dana, tonsa Acartia (Kritchagin, 1873) [ Acartia (Kritchagin, latisetosa Paracartia Taxa Copepoda: Monstrilloida 1891 Giesbrecht, grandis Monstrilla ] , Paradiaptomus 1890) [ Lovenula et Richard, (Guerne alluaudi Neolovenula Giesbrecht, 1891 Giesbrecht, brevicornis Oithona Ferrari F.D. & Orsi, 1984 & Orsi, F.D. Ferrari davisae Oithona (Daday, 1885) [ Diaptomus (Daday, salinus Arctodiaptomus , Dioithona nana 1894) [? O. 1877; Scott, (Krichagin, minuta Oithona ] rotundipes 1935 [ H. r. Kiefer, rotundipes Halicyclops (Jurine, 1820) (Jurine, albidus Macrocyclops fuscus1820) (Jurine, Macrocyclops ] E. m. macruroides 1901) [ (Lilljeborg, macruroides Eucyclops ] minuta O. 1893 [? = Giesbrecht, nana Oithona 1866 Claus, similis Oithona 94 Zdravko Hubenov 389 119, 259 119, 279, 334 252, 278 193, 252 279, 280 279, 280 252, 277 374, 389 279, 280 278, 280 160, 355 279, 280 252, 277 279, 280 References 252, 277, 279, 280 252, 277, 374, 389 278, 280, 374, 389 252, 277, 280, 374 177, 201, 278, 280 252, 277, 278, 280 192, 193, 252, 277 110, 192, 193, 198, 110, 252, 277, 278, 280, 192, 193, 252, 277, 13, 17, 31, 249, 252 L, p L, p L, p L, ec M, p, r L, p, is L, p, eh L, p, eh L, p, eh L, p, epp L, p, 6‰ L, p, 10‰ L, p, 0.5‰ L, p, 0.5-8‰ L, p, 0-30 ‰ L, p, 20‰, eh L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ L, p, 0.5-0.8‰ Ecological data M, bt-p, eb, ph-sg-s cp (h) (h) (h) (tp) (sk) (sk) (ha) (ho) (wp) (hpt) (? pat) (sk, ? k) (sk, ? k) (sk, ? k) (h, ? hn) Zoogeo- (hop, ? h) graphical (hptn, ? sk) (hptn, ? sk) (hptn, ? sk) (hna, ? sk), i (wcp, ? hop) nam, ? namnz (m) Depth Depth 10-100 Distribution 3 76 69 60 60 60 42 33 60 92 60 90 60 79, 80 92, 93 *86, 88 *86, 92 *86, 92 79, 84, 92 Horizontal 59, 60, 76, 92 78, 79, 85, 92 59, 60, 79, 84, 85, 58-60, *68, 76, 77, 7, 10, 12, 24, 25, 27 7, 13, 29, 58-60, 78, 58, 59, 60, *68, *69, *79, 80, 85, *86, 88, 58, 60, 78, 79, 80, 84, Table 2. Continued Table 58, 59, 60, 77, 80, *86 ] , Cyclops ] ] , Cyclops ] ] ] ] Lernaeidae Canuellidae Longipediidae Copepoda: Harpacticoida Copepoda: ] 1893 [ L. pontica et A. Scott, Scott T. minor Longipedia (G. O. Sars, 1863) Sars, (G. O. varicans Microcyclops Linnaeus, 1758 cyprinacea Lernaea Claus, 1863 [? Metacyclops Claus, minutus Microcyclops 1857) (Claus, leuckarti Mesocyclops 1853) [ Mesocyclops (Fischer, crassus Thermocyclops 1890) (Landé, dybowskii Thermocyclops 1863) Sars, (G. O. oithonoides Thermocyclops Taxa ] 1909) [ Microcyclops (Gurney, planus Metacyclops , Cyclops viridis 1820) [ M. v. (Jurine, viridis Megacyclops ] 1863) [? A. americanus Sars, (G. O. robustus Acanthocyclops (Rehberg, 1880) [ Acanthocyclops (Rehberg, bisetosus Diacyclops (Fischer, 1851) [ Cyclops (Fischer, serrulatus Eucyclops 1901) (Lilljeborg, speratus Eucyclops Philippi, 1843 Philippi, longicauda Euryte ] vicinus 1875 [ C. v. Uljanin, vicinus Cyclops 1927) [ Acanthocyclops (Lowndes, latipes Megacyclops (Fischer, 1853) (Fischer, vernalis Acanthocyclops , Acanthocyclops odessanus b. D. 1857)[ (Claus, bicuspidatus Diacyclops (G. O. Sars, 1863) Sars, (G. O. affinis Paracyclops 1853) (Fischer, fimbriatus Paracyclops 1838) (Koch, phaleratus Ectocyclops 1851 Fischer, strenuus Cyclops Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 95 389 17, 31 57, 392 References 17, 31, 249 31, 84, 185, 249 24, 31, 249, 252 16, 31, 249, 252 17, 31, 249, 252 31, 91, 157, 249 26, 31, 249, 252 31, 84, 249, 389 23, 31, 249, 252 23, 31, 249, 252 31, 249, 252, 263 31, 249, 304, 319 31, 240, 246, 249 31, 249, 386, 389 31, 246, 249, 252 17, 18, 31, 43, 240 14, 15, 31, 43, 182 185, 249, 252, 304, 16, 18, 31, 249, 252 14, 15, 31, 249, 252 17, 31, 43, 249, 252 13, 17, 31, 249, 252 15, 17, 31, 249, 252 M, bt, co, ep 50‰, ph-ps-s M, bt, l, ps, gw M, bt, l, ps, gw Ecological data M, 10-60‰, spr M, bt, ls, ps, gw M, bt, ls, ps, gw M, bt, ep, ph, (p) M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s M, bt, ep, ph, (ps) M, bt, mb, ps, ps-s M-B, bt, eh, ps, gw M-B, bt, l, ep, ps, if M, bt-p, mb, eh, 12- M, bt, ep, ph, (p, ps) M, bt-p, eb, ph, ps, s M, bt-p, eu, ph, ps, s M, ep, ph, (p, ps), co M, bt-p, mb, zc, ps, s M, bt, eh, ph, gw, s, r M, bt, eh, ph, gw, M, bt, eb, ph, ps, s-ps M, bt, ep, ph, ps, ps-s M, bt, ep, ps, ph, ps-s M, bt, ep, l, eh, ph, ps M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s, gw M, bt, ep, ph, ps, s, eu ● p ● p ● p ● p acp bap bap clm nam amip abam namni namni neamnp Zoogeo- anap, (h) abap, (h) clm, ? cp cp, ? clm cp, ? clm abam, (h) clp, ? clm graphical cp, ? amip nam, ? bap nam, (wcp) abam, (wcp) -65 -50 -30 1-2 (m) 0.80 0-15 2-12 5-25 1-100 1-100 1.5-50 Depth Depth 5-6, 30 Distribution 7, 25 2, 35 78, 88 35, 51 32, 33 7, 24, 29 2, 35, 51 24, 25, 27 Horizontal 1-22, 24, 25 7, 24, 25, 26 7, 17, 24, 25 25, *78, *79 19, 20, 35, 51 25, 35, 84, 96 20, 24, 35, 51 7, 24, 25, 29, 35 25, 35, 51, 86, 87 3, 7, 10, 13, 25, 26 1-22, 25, 26, 76, 96 1-22, 24, 25, 26, 29 7, 12, 23, 25, 27, 29 7, 24, 25, 27, 61, 76, 13, 16, 24, 25, 29, 76 Table 2. Continued Table 1-5, 11, 12, 13, 24, 25 1-5, 11, 16, 24-27, *69, 76, *86 ] ] Tisbidae Tachidiidae Harpacticidae Ectinosomatidae Darcythompsoniidae Taxa T. Scott et A. Scott, 1893 et A. Scott, Scott perplexa T. Canuella Apostolov, 1971 Apostolov, pontica Canuella 1867 Hesse, paguri Sunaristes G. O. Sars, 1903 Sars, G. O. furcigera Canuella Boeck, 1865 melaniceps Ectinosoma T. Scott et A. Scott, 1894 et A. Scott, Scott T. normani Ectinosoma 1975 Apostolov, soyeri Ectinosoma ] 1877) [ Ectinosoma (Kritchagin, abrau Halectinosoma ] 1904) [ Ectinosoma Sars, (G. O. brevirostre Halectinosoma ] (Boeck, curticorne 1872) [ Ectinosoma Halectinosoma ] 1904) [ Ectinosoma Sars, (G. O. elongatum Halectinosoma var. pontica var. 1863 [ H. nicaeensis Claus, gracilis Harpacticus 1910 Sars, G. O. littoralis Harpacticus 1866 Claus, nicaeensis Harpacticus 1895 Scott, T. obscurus Harpacticus Brady et D. Robertson, 1873 et D. flexus Brady Harpacticus ] 1894) [ Ectinosoma et A. Scott, Scott (T. herdmani Halectinosoma 1935 Monard, beduina Pseudobradya 1896) et A. Scott, Scott (T. minor Pseudobradya 1842 Kröyer, uniremis Harpacticus ] 1860) [ Harpacticus fulvus (Fischer, Tigriopus (Poppe, 1881) (Poppe, littorale Microarthridion (van Douwe, 1905) [ Horsiella Douwe, (van brevicornis Leptocaris ] Hastigerella 1974 [ Apostolov, bodini Glabrotelson 1974 Apostolov, wellsi Noodtiella 96 Zdravko Hubenov References 17, 31, 249 17, 31, 249 182, 249, 252 31, 91, 249, 389 31, 91, 185, 249 31, 84, 249, 389 20, 31, 243, 249 16, 31, 249, 252 31, 84, 249, 304 31, 91, 157, 249 17, 31, 249, 252 31, 91, 249, 389 17, 31, 249, 252 17, 31, 249, 252 17, 31, 249, 252 17, 31, 182, 249 31, 84, 249, 389 31, 185, 249, 389 14, 15, 17, 20, 31, 13, 14, 17, 31, 249 17, 25, 31, 249, 252 15, 16, 31, 249, 252 17, 20, 31, 243, 249 17, 24, 31, 182, 263 M, bt, ep, ph M, bt, ep, ph M, bt, ep, ph M, bt, ep, ph M, bt, ep, ph, r M, bt, ep, sl, ph Ecological data M, bt, ep, sl, ph-lt M, bt, p, sl, ph, eu M, bt, ep, sl, ph-ro M, bt, ep, ph, (gw) M, bt, ep, sl, ph, eh M, bt, eb, ph, ps-pe M, bt, ep, ph, ps, sg M, mb, ph, ps, s, co M, bt, ph, ps, ro, gw M, bt, ph, gw, sg, s, r M, bt, ph, gw, M, ph, gw, (sg, s), co M, ph, gw, M, bt (p), ph, gw (ps) M, bt, ep, ph, ps-sg, s M, bt, eb, ps, ph, s, et M, bt (p), ep, slc, ps-s M, bt, mb, ph, ps-s, et M, bt (p), eb, ph, ps, s cp, am clp ● p clm ami bam clmi abap abam cpnei namni clmwi clmwi amswp lp, ? clp Zoogeo- cp, ? clm clp, ? clm graphical bam, ? bap aminz, ? SK nami, ? bami anaminp, ? K naminz, ? SK -30 -90 -25 -25 -12 (m) 2-25 -100 0-50 25-50 Depth Depth -30, 50 -40, 100 -20, 100 -35, 100 Distribution 24 24 7, 24 16, 24 24, *69 1-22, 24 3, 24, 25 13, 24, 25 13, 24, 25 Horizontal 1-22, 24, 35 7, 11, 12, 24 7, 11, 7, 24, 25, 35 20, 21, 22, 24 13, 24, 25, 29 7, 20, 24, 25, 35 7, 13, 24, 29, 76 7, 13, 16, 24, 25 11, 12, 24, 25, 27 11, 20, 24, 25, 29, 35 20, 24, 25, 26, 27 1, 11, 12, 24, 25, 35 1, 11, 7, 11, 12, 24, 25, 35 7, 11, 7, 16, 20, 24, 29, 66 Table 2. Continued Table ] ] , Psammathe ] Tegastidae Peltidiidae Thalestridae Porcellidiidae Dactylopusiidae ] Pseudotachidiidae Rhynchothalestridae Taxa ] 1866) [ Dactylopusia (Claus, brevicornis Paradactylopodia (Boeck, 1865) latipes Paradactylopodia Klie, 1949 dilatata Tisbe ] 1905 [ Dactylopodia Sars, G. O. vulgaris Dactylopusia (Baird, 1837) [ Idya (Baird, furcata Tisbe 1863 Claus, longimana Thalestris 1866 Claus, rufoviolascens Thalestris 1868) (Norman, clausi Parathalestris (Claus, 1863) (Claus, longimanus Tegastes Czerniavski, 1868 Czerniavski, typica Alteutha Poppe, 1884 Poppe, arthuri Scutellidium 1840) [ Machairopus (Philippi, longicauda Scutellidium (Philippi, 1840) viride (Philippi, Porcellidium Rhynchothalestris 1880) [ (Brady, rufocincta Ambunguipes (G. O. Sars, 1906) Sars, (G. O. assimilis Diarthrodes (Claus, 1863) (Claus, minutus Diarthrodes 1845) (Baird, nobilis Diarthrodes ] orientalis p. 1873) [ D. (Kritchagin, ponticus Diarthrodes 1895) et A. Scott, Scott (T. pygmaeus Diarthrodes ] 1863) [ Dactylopodia (Claus, tisboides Dactylopusia Marcus, 1966 Marcus, dovi Parathalestris (Claus, 1863) (Claus, harpactoides Parathalestris 1863) [ Phyllopodopsillus (Claus, mysis Phyllothalestris Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 97 31, 42 249, 252 15, 17, 31 References 26, 31, 249 13, 31, 249 31, 242, 249 246, 249, 252 248, 249, 252 17, 31, 43, 249 24, 31, 249, 252 31, 84, 249, 389 20, 31, 182, 249 17, 31, 246, 249 31, 84, 249, 389 20, 31, 249, 252 26, 31, 249, 252 17, 31, 243, 246, 31, 243, 249, 252 31, 240, 249, 252 10, 31, 248, 2490 31, 185, 249, 389 16, 18, 31, 43, 249 14, 15, 17, 31, 240, 17, 18, 27, 31, 240, 17, 31, 43, 249, 252 14, 15, 31, 249, 252 17, 26, 31, 249, 252 31, 84, 91, 249, 389 14, 15, 31, 243, 249 15, 17, 31, 243, 249 M, bt, ph M, bt, ph, lt eu, ph, ps, s M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ps, ph s, ms, phs, ph M, bt, ep, ps, r M, bt, ep, ph, r M, bt, sl, ep, ps M, bt, sl, pe, co Ecological data M, bt, ep, ph, ps M, bt, sep, ph, lt M, bt, hb, pe, ph M, bt, eb, pe, ps-s M, bt, eb, ph, ps, s M, bt, ep, ph, ps, s M, bt, sep, ps-s, ph M, bt, ps-s, ms, phs M, bt, ep, eh, ps, pe M, bt (p), ph, ps, pe M, bt, eb, ps, pe, ph M, bt, ep, ps, pe, ph M, bt, eb, ph, ps, pe M, bt (p), eb, eh, et, M, bt, eb, eu, pe, sg, M, bt, ep, ps, ph, gw M, bt, ep, ph, ps, gw M, bt, ep, ph, ps, gw M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s, gw cp cp ap ap lm lm ● p clm ami clm nam ham nami anam anpip acmnz naminz m, ? nm m, ? nm cp, ? clp Zoogeo- lm, ?clm graphical bam, ? bap clm, ? nam amnep, SK amip, ? SK nam, ? bam naminz, ? SK 5 6 10 -25 -25 -85 -30 -20 (m) 0-10 0-20 -150 5-98 0-20 0.3-3 8-110 6-100 10-30 15-30 Depth Depth 10-100 30-150 15-100 10-200 Distribution 24 24 13, 24 10, 25 7, 16, 24 7, 25, 26 7, 24, 25 20, 21, 25 16, 20, 24 24, 25, 69 24, 27, 28 24, 25, 26 13, 18, 25 Horizontal 1-22, 25-28 1-22, 25, 26 1-22, 25, 35 7, 25, 26, 27 7, 12, 25, 27 7, 24, 25, 26, 27 7, 18, 24, 25, 35 1-22, 24, 25, 27, 28 7, 13, 24, 25, 27, 28 7, 17, 18, 24, 25, 35 7, 16, 20, 25, 27, 28 11, 13, 20, 24, 25, 35 11, 16, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29 13, 20, 24, 25, 27, 35 Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] ] ] ] Parastenheliidae Miraciidae, Diosaccidae Taxa Por, 1960 [ Delavalia Por, elisabethae Stenhelia ] litoralis forficula , P. s. bulgarica P. 1860) [ (Fischer, spinosa Parastenhelia Apostolov, 1975 Apostolov, reducta Parastenhelia I. C. Thompson et A. Scott, 1903 et A. Scott, I. C. Thompson hornelli Parastenhelia (Claus, 1866) (Claus, flava Dactylopodella 1905) [ Delavalia Scott, (T. normani Stenhelia 1868) [ Delavalia (Brady, palustris Stenhelia 1907 Sars, G. O. proxima Stenhelia Brady et D. Robertson, 1880 [ Delavalia et D. Brady reflexa Stenhelia 1866) (Claus, cinctus Amphiascopsis ] 1863) [ Amphiascus (Claus, minutus Amphiascopsis Delavalia 1928 [ Monard, tethysensis Stenhelia ] , A. angustipes 1906) [ Amphiascus Sars, (G. O. propinquus Sarsamphiascus ] 1906) [ Amphiascus Sars, (G. O. sinuatus Sarsamphiascus (Claus, 1863) (Claus, tenuicornis Diosaccus (Klie, 1937) [ Varnaia monardi Robertsonia ] latilobus 1911) [ Amphiascus Sars, (G. O. thalestroides Amphiascopsis 1872) (Brady, normani Amonardia ] 1927) [ Amphiascus (Brian, caudaespinosus Sarsamphiascus ] Lang, 1936 [ Amphiascus gracilis Sarsamphiascus ] biarticulatus v. 1913) [ D. (Farran, varicolor Diosaccus 1903) et A. Scott, (I. C. Thompson knoxi Robertsonia (Claus, 1866) (Claus, similis Amonardia (G. O. Sars, 1906) Sars, (G. O. attenuatus Pseudamphiascopsis ] [ Paramphiascopsis 1863) (Claus, longirostris Amphiascus (Brady, 1872) (Brady, imus Bulbamphiascus 1955 Noodt, oligochaeta Robertgurneya 98 Zdravko Hubenov 249 249 References 18, 31, 246, 249 17, 31, 185, 249 31, 84, 249, 389 19, 31, 249, 252 23, 31, 249, 252 27, 31, 249, 252 14, 31, 185, 249 17, 31, 243, 249 15, 31, 249, 252 31, 240, 249,252 31, 246, 249, 252 31, 241, 246, 249 9, 13, 14, 31, 249 15, 18, 30, 31, 249 17, 22, 30, 31, 249 16, 22, 30, 31, 249 12, 18, 22, 31, 249 16, 17, 22, 31, 249 12, 17, 31, 243, 249 17, 19, 31, 249, 252 22, 30, 31, 242, 249 9, 13, 14, 17, 30, 31 17, 19, 31, 182, 249 22, 30, 31, 240, 249 15, 17, 31, 249, 252 15, 22, 31, 249, 252 17, 22, 31, 249, 261 M, bt, ps, if M, bt, ps, if M, bt, ps-pe M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, eh, ps M, bt, l, ps, if M, bt, l, ps, if M, bt, ph, ps, s M, bt, l, ps, gw Ecological data M, bt, ep, ps, pe M, bt, ep, ps, eh M, bt, ps, ps-s, s M, bt, mb, ps, pe M, bt, l, ps, gw, r M, bt, l, ps, gw, M, bt, 3‰, ps, eh M, bt, l-sl, ps, gw M, bt, l, ps, gw, if M, bt, l, ps, gw, M, bt, l, ps, if, s, r M, bt, ep, ph, ps, r M, bt, ep, ph, ps, s M, bt, ep, ps, gw, r M, bt, ep, ps, gw, M, bt, eb, ph, ps, et M, bt, eb, ps, pe, rh M, bt, l-sl, ep, ps, if M, bt, ep, ph, pe, ps M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s, s M, bt, hb, ms, phs, s M, bt, mb, ps, sg, ph M, bt, ep, ph, ps, if, s lm lm ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p ● p adp bap clm nam bam anam amnei antami m, adp m, adp m, adp cm, (e) namnei m, ? nm Zoogeo- cp, ? clm cp, ? clm graphical clm, (cse) hom, (atm) pc, (? wcp) namwi, (hat) neamnz, (pa) 8 8 10 30 -40 -80 0-5 (m) 8-40 0-10 5-72 10-15 Depth Depth 25-200 Distribution 25 25, 94 7, 24, 25 7, 25, 69 7, 24, 25 7, 25, 35 7, 25, 35 7, 25, 35 7, 25, 35 7, 25, 35 24, 25, 26 18, 25, 26 16, 25, 27 25, 71, 92 20, 24, 25 Horizontal 7, 11, 25, 35 7, 11, 7, 24, 25, 26 7, 24, 25, 26 7, 13, 25, 35 1-22, 27, 28 20, 21, 22, 25 13, 14, 25, 27 17, 25, 26, 39 25, 35, 51, 92 24, 25, 26, *86 25, *86, 88, 96 7, 11, 26, 35, 84 7, 11, 7, 16, 24, 25, 35 7, 22, 25, 35, 51, 95 Table 2. Continued Table Metidae Ameiridae Taxa (Gurney, 1927) (Gurney, rostrata Robertgurneya 1896) (A. Scott, similis Robertgurneya Apostolov, 1974 Apostolov, soyeri Robertgurneya ] 1881) [ Amphiascella (Giesbrecht, debilis Amphiascoides ] 1905) [ Amphiascella Scott, et T. (Norman neglecta Amphiascoides ] Amphiascella 1935) [ (Willey, subdebilis Amphiascoides ] 1935) [ Haloschizopera (Monard, junodi Mesamphiascus 1959 Por, pontarchis Haloschizopera (G. O. Sars, 1911) Sars, (G. O. spinulosa Robertgurneya 1902) Scott, (T. confusus Typhlamphiascus 1906) Sars, (G. O. typhlops Typhlamphiascus ] 1868) [ A. speciosus (Czerniavsky, brevifurca Amphiascoides Petkovski, 1954 Petkovski, brusinae Schizopera 1954 Petkovski, chaetosa Schizopera (Klie, 1924) clandestina Schizopera 1922 De Lint, compacta Schizopera (Petkovski, 1957) (Petkovski, gligici Eoschizopera 1967) (Apostolov, varnensis Schizoperopsis 1843 Philippi, ignea Metis ] 1939 [ A. d. pontica Nicholls, divagans Ameira Boeck, 1865 longipes Ameira Petkovski, 1954 Petkovski, langi Schizopera 1954 Petkovski, meridionalis Schizopera 1935 Akatova, neglecta Schizopera 1971 Apostolov, petkovskii Schizopera et Serban, 1953 Chappuis pontica Schizopera (Blanchard et Richard, 1891) et Richard, (Blanchard jugurtha Schizopera Apostolov, 1967 Apostolov, kunzi Schizopera ] et Serban, 1953) [ Schizopera (Chappuis arenicola Schizoperopsis Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 99 31, 249 249, 389 References 17, 31, 249 19, 31, 252 249, 252, 263 25, 31, 249, 252 31, 84, 249, 389 20, 31, 182, 249 18, 31, 240, 249 28, 31, 249, 252 15, 31, 243, 249 31, 86, 185, 389 25, 31, 185, 389 19, 31, 240, 249 17, 31, 249, 250 31, 185, 249, 389 31, 157, 249, 389 31, 241, 249, 252 31, 241, 249, 252 31, 241, 244, 249 31, 240, 249, 252 12, 15, 17, 26, 31 14, 15, 31, 84, 249 26, 31, 84, 91, 185, 14, 15, 21, 31, 243, 12, 14, 31, 249, 263 14, 17, 31, 249, 252 15, 17, 31, 249, 252 14, 17, 31, 240, 249 18, 28, 31, 244, 249 ps-s, s, co M, bt, ps, r M, bt, ep, ps L-B, eh, ps, cr L, eh, bt, ep, ps B-L, bt, sep, ph Ecological data L, eh, bt, ps, gw M, bt, ep, ph, ps L, eh, bt, ep, ps, r M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s M, bt, ep, ps, sg, if L-B, eh-0-60‰, bt, M, bt, eb, ph, pe, ps ph, et pe, cr, ps, gw, M, bt-p, sep, ph, ps, M, bt, ph, ps, s (gw) L-B, bt, gw, ps-s, co L-B, bt, gw, B-L, bt, ph, ps-if, co M, bt, ep, ps, pe, gw L, eh, bt, mb, ps, gw M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s, if M, bt, l, ps, sg, gw-if M, bt, ep, ph, ps, if, r M, bt, ep, l-sl, ps, gw M, bt, eb, ph, ps, if, s M, bt, ep, l-sl, ps, gw L-B, 60‰, bt, pe, gw L-eh, bt, ps, gw-if, ph L, eh, bt (p), ph, ps, if cp ep cp cp cp cp ● p ● p ● p ● p bap ham nami amnei aminp m, adp namnei clm, (et) Zoogeo- cp, ? nap SK, (pat) anam, (h) clm, (wp) graphical amip, (m) ● p, (Ebg) cclm, ? bam adpc, (cseea) amiswp, (ha) nami, ? K, (h) 10 26 10 0.8 -20 (m) 0-35 0-25 0-12 0-70 0-10 0-20 0-10 0-10 10-30 10-70 Depth Depth Distribution 25 *86 4, 25 20, 25 25, 95 24, 69 *69, 76 7, 25, 35 10, 17, 25 20, 25, 35 76, 77, 95 25, 35, 79 35, *69, 76 Horizontal 1-22, 25, 35 7, 11, 25, 35 7, 11, 7, 11, 18, 25 7, 11, 7, 20, 25, 35 7, 25, 26, 35 10, 11, 17, 25 10, 11, 7, 16, 20, 25, 35 7, 20, 24, 25, 27 7, 13, 25, 35, 95 11, 17, 24, 25, 85 11, 17, 20, 25, 35, 94 2, 24, 35, 41, 71, 92 7, 11-13, 24, 25, 76, 7, 11-13, 7, 20, 22, 24, 25, 35, 16, 17, 19, 22, 25, 35 16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 35, Table 2. Continued Table 1, 7, 12, 13, 16, 25, 35 1, 7, 12, 22, 24, 25, 27 ] ] ] ] Paramesochridae Taxa (Apostolov, 1976) (Apostolov, stygia Nitokra ] Boeck, typica adriatica 1865 [ N. t. Nitokra 1973 Apostolov, reducta Ameiropsis G. O. Sars, 1911 Sars, G. O. pusilla Nitokra Boeck, 1865 spinipes Nitokra Marinov, 1973 Marinov, intermedia Sicameira (Noodt, 1952) (Noodt, halophila Pseudoleptomesochrella [ Paraleptomesochra 1951 Kunz, africana Leptomesochra 1973) [ Philoleptomesochra (Marinov, wellsi Parevansula 1936 Kunz, similis Paramesochra Kunz, 1936 Kunz, helgolandica Paramesochra ] , A. tau tenuiseta 1866) [ A. p. parvula (Claus, Ameira ] 1911 [ A. s. brevicornis Sars, G. O. scotti Ameira ] 1928 [ N. m. pontica Brian, mediterranea Nitokra var. pontica var. 1938 [ N. typica Jakubisiak, pontica Nitokra (Nicholls, 1935) (Nicholls, constrictus Kliopsyllus ] tenella 1893) [ Ameira (Thompson, attenuata Filexilia ] pontica , A. b. 1954) [ Ameira (Kunz, brevipes Filexilia 1905 Sars, G. O. fragilis Nitokra ] , N. inuber , N. h. hialina 1880) [ N. h. bulgarica (Brady, hibernica Nitokra 1875) (Shmankevich, lacustris Nitokra (Klie, 1929) holsaticus Kliopsyllus (I. C. Thompson et A. Scott, 1899) [ Paramesochra et A. Scott, (I. C. Thompson herdmani Scottopsyllus 1895) et A. Scott, Scott (T. intermedius Scottopsyllus ] pestae , A. brevipes 1955) [ Ameira (Petkovski, pestae Filexilia Klie, 1937 fallaciosa Nitokra ] 1927 [ N. a. californica Gurney, affinis Nitokra 1923 Chappuis, divaricata Nitokra 100 Zdravko Hubenov 252, 389 249, 252 References 26, 31, 249, 252 24, 31, 249, 252 31, 91, 185, 249 31, 84, 249, 389 26, 31, 249, 252 19, 31, 242, 249 18, 31, 240, 249 18, 31, 249, 252 26, 31, 249, 252 17, 31, 185, 249, 31, 249, 262, 276 31, 185, 249, 389 31, 185, 249, 389 31, 185, 249, 389 31, 242, 249, 252 31, 240, 246, 249 31, 242, 246, 249 13, 14, 17, 18, 31 12, 14, 17, 31, 249 14, 15, 17, 31, 249 11, 19, 31, 249, 252 11, 17, 18, 31, 249, 252 14, 17, 31, 249, 252 17, 18, 31, 249, 252 13, 17, 31, 244, 249 17, 22, 31, 240, 244, bt, ps, ps-s B, bt, ph, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps, r M, bt, ep, ps, r B, bt, ph, ps-pe B-L, bt, l, ps, if Ecological data B-L, l, ps-gw, if B-L, l, ps-gw, M, bt, ep, ps, sg M, bt, mb, ps, sg L-M, l, ps, gw, if L-M, l, ps, gw, M, bt, ph, ps, gw, r M, bt, ph, ps, gw, L-M, bt, ep, ps, gw M, bt, eh, ps, gw, if M, bt, eh, ps, gw, M, bt, eh, ps, gw, if M, bt, eh, ps, gw, M-B-L, eh, 1-16‰, M, bt, ep, l-sl, ps, if B-M, bt (p), ph, ps-s L, bt, eu, ph, ps, s, et L-M, bt, ep, ps, (gw) B, bt, l-sl, ph, pe, gw M, bt, eb, ph, ps, phs M, bt, ep, l-sl, ps, gw M, bt, ep, l-sl, ps, gw M, bt, ep, l-sl, ps, gw B, bt-p, eu, ph, ps, pe B-M, bt, l-sl, ph, ps, s cp cp cp cp clp ● p ● p ● p bap adp nap ami hom namp lmwp namip cpj, (h) clm, (e) ham, (h) Zoogeo- cp, ? nap graphical lm, (hom) bap, ? nap ● p, (Ebg) clm, ? bap neamj, (tp) ham, (atm) 20 10 -18 (m) -100 0-20 0-25 8-12 8-50 8-120 0.5-10 Depth Depth 35-200 Distribution 11, 22 11, 11, 25 11, 25, 92 24, 25 7, 25, 35 20, 25, 35 17, 18, 25 10, 21, 25 18, 25, 35 Horizontal 1-22, 25, 35 7, 11, 25, 35 7, 11, 7, 18, 25, 35 10, 11, 21, 25 10, 11, 13, 24, 25, 28 88, 90, 94, 96 12, 25, 27, 28 24, 25, *69, 76 24, 25, 35, *86, 7, 22, 25, 35, 95 7, 22, 25, 35, 95 7, 22, 25, 35, 95 7, 20, 25, 35, 95 16, 24, 25, 49, 76 7, 24, 26, 35, *69 7, 11, 12, 25, 35, 92 7, 11, 25, *68, *69, *74, 84, Table 2. Continued Table 12, 24, 25, 26, *69, 76 Tetragonicipitidae Canthocamptidae (Orthopsyllidae, Cylindropsyllidae part) Apostolov, 1975 Apostolov, intermedia Itunella (Gagern, 1923) (Gagern, muelleri Itunella 1925) (Brian, arupinensis Nannomesochra Taxa (Claus, 1863) (Claus, pygmaea Mesochra (Schmeil, 1894) rapiens Mesochra ] , M. pontica 1921 [ M. apostolovi Gurney, aestuarii Mesochra Monard, 1935 Monard, heldti Mesochra Boeck, 1864 lilljeborgi Mesochra Lang, 1948 pestai Mesochra 1935 Monard, xenopoda Mesochra 1866) (Claus, linearis Orthopsyllus (T. Scott, 1892) Scott, (T. minor Stenocaris ] et Serban, 1953) [ Stenocaris (Chappuis pontica Vermicaris ] Stenocaropsis 1974 [ Marinov, valkanovi Stenocaris (T. Scott et A. Scott, 1895) et A. Scott, Scott (T. minor Scottopsyllus (T. Scott et A. Scott, 1895) et A. Scott, Scott (T. robertsoni Scottopsyllus Marinov, 1973 Marinov, kunzi Diagoniceps Leptastacidae (Cylindropsyllidae part) Leptastacidae (Cylindropsyllidae ] 1935 [ L. l. intermedius Nicholls, laticaudatus Leptastacus Petkovski, 1955 Petkovski, briani Phyllopodopsyllus ] ponticus 1960 [ Ph. Crisafi, pauli Phyllopodopsyllus 1955 Petkovski, thiebaudi Phyllopodopsyllus (T. Scott, 1892) Scott, (T. macronyx Leptastacus Marinov, 1973 Marinov, taurica Leptastacus Kunz, 1937 Kunz, holsaticus Paraleptastacus 1895) et A. Scott, Scott (T. spinicaudus Paraleptastacus Nicholls, 1935 Nicholls, confluens Psammastacus Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 101 31, 249 249, 252 249, 252 252, 389 References 31, 157, 389 16, 31, 249, 252 16, 31, 249, 252 26, 31, 249, 252 29, 31, 249, 252 29, 31, 249, 252 17, 31, 182, 249 31, 246, 249, 252 31, 246, 249, 252 31, 246, 249, 252 31, 240, 249, 252 31, 185, 249, 389 31, 185, 249, 389 31, 240, 249, 252 31, 240, 249, 252 31, 240, 246, 249 31, 182, 185, 249, 16, 19, 31, 43, 240, 15, 19, 31, 249, 252 13, 14, 31, 240, 249 14, 15, 31, 249, 252 14, 15, 31, 249, 252 18, 31, 43, 240, 246, et, eu M, bt et, co M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps Ecological data M, bt, eb, phs, pe M, bt, eh, ps-s, ps M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s M, bt, eb, ph, ps, s M, bt, mb, pe, ps-s M, bt, pe, s-ps, (ps) M-B, bt (p), eh, ph, M, bt, ep, ps, if, gw M-B, 60‰, eu, ps, s M, bt, ep, ps, (gw), r M, bt, ep, ps, ph, gw M, bt, hb, s-ps, ms, s M-L, 60‰, ps, s, gw M, bt, hb, phs, s-ps, s M, bt, hb, pe, s-ps, sg M, bt, hb, pe, s-ps, sg M, bt, eb, ph, ps, s, et M, bt, ep-mb, pe, s-ps M, bt, hb, pe, s-ps, (ps) M, bt, eb, pe, s-ps, ps, M, bt (p), eh, ps-s, gw cp cp lm cm ● p ● p ● p adp clm clm nam nam nam ham clmi neamep SK, (sk) nam, (h) Zoogeo- clm, ? ce graphical nap, ? calp clm, ? clmi bam, ? nam SK, antamip pca, (po), Rc 24 10 -50 -24 (m) 4-90 20-30 0-100 Depth Depth 20-100 20-100 20-250 15-150 12-100 20-150 3-40, 82 Distribution 4 27 7, 25 25, 95 1-33, 35 25, 26, 95 Horizontal 1-22, 25, 28 1-22, 25, 28 1-22, 25, 26 7, 11, 16, 25 7, 11, 7, 25, 26, 76 7, 20, 25, 35 *79, *86, 96 17, 25, 35, 84 25, 26, 27, 76 25, 26, 35, 93 1-22, 25, 27, 28 1-22, 25, 27, 28 1-16, 26, 27, 28 20, 24, 25, 28, 35 1, 7, 10, 26, 27, 28 25-28, 35, *66, *69 3, 10, 17, 25, 27, 28 7, 11, 16, 19, 24, 25, 7, 11, 7, 11, 16, 24, *69, 76, 7, 11, Table 2. Continued Table 25, 26, 41, *69, 76, 77 Argestidae Cletodidae Laophontidae Rhizothricidae Leptopontiidae (Arenopontiidae) Taxa T. Scott, 1892 Scott, T. curvicauda Leptopontia (Boeck, 1872) longicaudatus Cletodes 1896 Scott, T. tenuipes Cletodes 1965 Raibaut, caeni Enhydrosoma Brady, 1872 Brady, limnicola Cletodes ] A. pontica 1937 [ Kunz, subterranea Arenopontia ] Arenopontia 1955) [ (Noodt, stygius Psammoleptastacus ] 1930 [ E. gariene Gurney, gariensis Enhydrosoma 1909 Sars, G. O. longifurcatum Enhydrosoma (Brady et D. Robertson, 1880) et D. (Brady propinquum Enhydrosoma Monard, 1926 Monard, sordidum Enhydrosoma (Schmeil, 1894) confluens Cletocamptus Schmankevitsch, 1875 Schmankevitsch, retrogressus Cletocamptus 1926 Borutsky, behningi Limnocletodes (Brady et D. Robertson, 1880) et D. (Brady longicaudatus Stylicletodes 1980 Apostolov, longicaudata Miroslavia (T. Scott, 1892) Scott, (T. latus Eurycletodes ] Boeck,L. e. triarticulata 1873 [ elongata Laophonte Por, 1959 Por, pubescens Rhizothrix Apostolov, 1980 Apostolov, ponticus Pontocletodes Jakubisiak, 1938 Jakubisiak, borceai Laophonte G. O. Sars, 1908 Sars, parvula G. O. Laophonte ] Boeck, setosa 1865 [ L. similis Laophonte Boeck, 1865 thoracica Laophonte 102 Zdravko Hubenov 389 389, 412 389, 412 160, 355 252, 336 References 31, 347, 389 31, 17, 244, 249 12, 31, 249, 252 31, 84, 240, 249 31, 91, 249, 304 26, 31, 249, 252 17, 31, 249, 252 18, 31, 240, 252 12, 31, 246, 249 31, 157, 282, 249 31, 243, 246, 249 14, 15, 16, 17, 31, 84, 182, 243, 249 14, 19, 31, 244, 349 12, 14, 31, 249, 252 M, ec M, p, r B-L, ec M-B, ec M-B-L, ec M, bt, ep, ph Ecological data if, gw, eu, et, co if, gw, M, bt, ep, ph, slc M, bt, ep, l, ps, if M-B-L, bt, ep, eh M, bt, ep, eh, l, ph M, eh, mb, ph, s-ps, M, bt, ep, ps, s-ps, s M, bt, l, gw, if, ph, r M, bt, l, gw, M, bt, ep, l, ps, gw, if M, bt, ep, l, ps, gw, M, bt, eb, ms, phs, ps M, bt, eb, ph, pe, (ps) M, bt, ep, l-sl, ph, gw M, bt, eb, ms, sg, s-ps M, bt, ep, ph, slc, s-ps m lm lm ● p K, i ham nam hom clmi adep lmnei K, (k) m, hom nam, (h) nam, (h) Zoogeo- m, ? hom graphical namsp, (ha) cp, ? bap, (h) namnei, ? SK -30 (m) 0-50 0-20 40-70 Depth Depth 10-100 10, 100 Distribution 7 7 35 3, 7 *68 7, 24 25, 35 10, 13 7, 16, 24 7, 24, 35 5, 7, 9, 24 20, 24, 25 Horizontal 1-22, 25, 27 7, 25, 26, 76 88, 90, 92, 94 20, 21, 24, 35 42, *68, *69, *74, 6, 7, 10, 16, 25, 35 12, 13, 24, 49, *69 *79, 82, 83, 84, *86, 7, 10, 16, 20, 24, 27, Table 2. Continued Table 6, 7, 17, 20, 25, 27, 28 ] ] ] ] ] ] ] Argulidae Oncaeidae Ergasilidae Latiremidae Nereicolidae Normanellidae Lernaeopodidae Branchiura: Arguloidea Branchiura: Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida Copepoda: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida Copepoda: Taxa (Boeck, 1872) minuta Normanella , Onychocamptus 1935) [ K. k. adriaticus (Monard, kliei Klieonychocamptus (Serban et Plesa, 1957) [ Onychocamptus ponticus Klieonychocamptus 1909 Sars, G. O. mucronata Normanella (Kroyer, 1837) [ Anchorella (Kroyer, emarginata Clavellisa ] 1929) [ H. c. micrarthros (Dauwe, curvata Heterolaophonte ] , H. s. paraminuta H. s. brevicaudata 1834) [ (Baird, stroemii Heterolaophonte 1863) [ Laophonte (Claus, brevirostris Paralaophonte ] c. mediterranea 1908) [ P. Sars, (G. O. congenera Paralaophonte 1935) (Monard, octavia Paralaophonte 1928 Monard, duboscqui Asellopsis 1891) [ Laophonte et Richard, (Blanchard mohammed Onychocamptus 1959 Por, serrata Normanella Oncaea 1893 [1892]) [ (Giesbrecht, minuta Triconia Petkovski, 1957 Petkovski, karamani Delamarella Laophonte 1868) [ (Czerniavsky, uncinata Heterolaophonte ] 1863) [ E. nanus (Kroyer, lizae Ergasilus von Nordmann, 1832 Nordmann, von sieboldi Ergasilus Stock, 1968 Stock, marinovi Vectoriella Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 103 294 389 249 379, 389 374, 389 References 71, 84, 389 71, 72, 389 35, 249, 389 35, 36, 249, 347 33, 36, 249, 389 35, 36, 370, 389 35, 36, 249, 370 35, 36, 249, 389 84, 91, 103, 129, 36, 114, 249, 389 36, 114, 35, 205, 249, 373 84, 249, 295, 389 249, 295, 317, 374 103, 129, 249, 374, M, bt M, pa M, pa M, bt, r M, bt, epi M, bt, spr, r M, bt, spr, B-L, ec, 3‰ plankton larvae plankton larvae plankton larvae Ecological data B-L, bt, ep, lt, ■ M, bt, eb, slc, ro M, bt, spr, lt, epi M, bt, spr, M, bt, ep, l-sl, ps M-B, bt, eh, 0.6‰ M, bt, sl, eu, is, epi M, bt, ep, lt, mc, ph M, bt-p, me, lt, slc, r M-B, bt-p, 7‰, is, sl B-L, bt-p, 5‰, ep, ph lm lm ace ● p ami amip amip (hno) clmm clmwi clmwi m, em amip, i Zoogeo- graphical pc, (e), Rc ham, amwi pc, clm, (h) amip, ? K, i -9 -20 (m) 0-27 0-10 0-50 3, 0-4 Depth Depth 0.3-100 Distribution 5 17 *69 7, 25 7, 24 45, 50 *79, 96 7, 16, 24 88, 92, 95 71, 89, 93 Horizontal 58, 59, 65, *68, 1-22, 23, 24, 50 1-22, 49, 68, *69, 49, *68, *69, *78, 6, 7, 16, 20, 25, 51, 2, 3, 5, 7, 17, 20, 24 *79, 84, *86, 88, 96 7, 58, *69, *79, *86, 3, 5, 7, 16, 20, 24, 29 Table 2. Continued Table 3, 7, 16, 21, 22, 45, 50 ] ] ] Mysidae Balanidae Verrucidae Sacculinidae Chelonibiidae Chthamalidae Peltogastridae Malacostraca: Mysida (Mysidacea) Mysida Malacostraca: ] bulgarica 1882 [ Mysidella Czerniavsky, benedeni Limnomysis , ? G. sanctus 1877) [ Gastrosaccus Sars, (G. O. normani Haplostylus ] mecznikowi b. D. bahirensis, 1882) [ D. (Czerniavsky, mecznikowi Diamysis ] 1836 [ S. benedeni Thompson, carcini Sacculina ] , H. l. reducta 1856) [ H. l. pontica (Couch, lamornae Hemimysis ] diogeni 1877) [? Peltogaster (Fraisse, rodriguezii Septosaccus ] 1868 [ S. clausi Czerniavsky, jaltensis Siriella ] Beneden, (van 1861) [? H. normani sanctus Gastrosaccus ] , L. sardica 1866) [ L. pontica Sars, (G. O. lingvura Leptomysis 1907 Sars, G. O. anomala Hemimysis Cirripedia: Rhizocephala: Kentrogonida ] 1795) [ Chthamalus (Poli, depressa Euraphia Taxa (Linnaeus, 1758) testudinaria Chelonibia (Gould, 1841) [ Balanus (Gould, eburneus Amphibalanus (Darwin,Balanus 1854) [ improvisus Amphibalanus Cirripedia: Thoracica: Verrucomorpha Cirripedia: Thoracica: Darwin, spengleri 1854 Verruca Cirripedia: Balanomorpha Thoracica: 1795) (Poli, stellatus Chthamalus (Linnaeus, 1758) foliaceus Argulus 104 Zdravko Hubenov 370 References 81, 249, 389 81, 249, 389 171, 249, 389 367, 368, 370 370, 374, 389, 35, 36, 249, 389 36, 97, 249, 370 81, 84, 249, 370 81, 91, 368, 370 35, 36, 198, 249, 84, 91, 249, 368, 36, 198, 249, 319 91, 249, 370, 389 81, 249, 370, 389 84, 249, 368, 370 84, 178, 249, 370 91, 249, 370, 389 317, 319, 370, 374 249, 370, 374. 389 168, 249, 370, 392 M, bt, ep 1-40‰, l-sl ps, sg, s, l-sl M, bt, hb, pe Ecological data M, bt, ep, ph, slc M, bt, ep, mc, ps M, bt, ep, mc, slc M-B-L, bt, ep, co M, bt, ep, ps-pe, r M, bt, sep, ph, slc M, bt, seb, ph, mc M, bt, ep, ps, sg, r M, p-bt, eb, pe, ps M, bt, eb, ps, sg, pe M, bt (p), eb, ph, ps M, bt, eb, ps-pe, mc M, bt-p, mb, mc, ph, M-B, bt-p, ep, eh, pe M, bt, eb, ps-s, pe, sg M, bt, ep, ps, ph, ps-s M-B, bt-p, ep-mb, eh, ep ep ep lm ● p ● p clm clm clm nam bam nam clmnei Zoogeo- eami, (e) graphical clm, ? eam pc, cpc, Rc amip, ? SK amip, ? SK eamwi, ? SK 2 7 0-4 1-3 20- -20 -10 1-3 (m) 1-22 -100 1-20 8-95 10-80 Depth Depth -5, 100 1-20, 50 5-20, 40 1-27, 120 10-20, 30 Distribution 3 16 *69 7, 29 3, 24 7, 25 27, 69 1-22, 24 1-22, 24 11, 12, 24 11, 84, *86, 88 Horizontal 76, *78, *79 7, 9, 10, *69 7, 16, 25, 69 7, 24, 25, *69, 7, 26, *68, *69 3, 7, 12, 16, 20, 25, 3, 13, 25, 26, 27, 68 1-7, 13, 24, 29, *69, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 17. 13, 25, 26, *69, *79, 7, 13, 16, 24, 25, *69 Table 2. Continued Table 3, 5, 7, 25, 26, 58, *69 ] ] Aoridae Atylidae Corophiidae Ampithoidae Ampeliscidae Biancolinidae Behningiellidae Malacostraca: Amphipoda Malacostraca: Taxa (van Beneden, (van 1861) slabberi Mesopodopsis Bacescu, 1940 agigensis Paramysis ] 1882) [ Mesomysis (Czerniavsky, kroyeri Paramysis (A. Costa, 1853) diadema Ampelisca (Bacescu, 1940) pontica Paramysis ] 1856) [ Pleonexes (Bate, gammaroides Ampithoe Karaman, 1975 Karaman, helleri Ampithoe ] , A. vaillanti 1828 [ A. rubricata Audouin, ramondi Ampithoe Zaddach, 1844 pilosus Leptocheirus (Costa, 1857) [ Grubia crassicornis Cymadusa 1843) (Rathke, anomalus Microdeutopus (Bate, 1856) [nomen nudum] 1856) [nomen (Bate, damnoniensis Microdeutopus Costa, 1853 gryllotalpa Microdeutopus Della Valle, 1893 Della Valle, stationis Microdeutopus ] 1856) [ Coremapus (Bate, versiculatus Microdeutopus ] (A. Costa, 1853) [ Atylus guttatus Nototropis ] 1896 [ C. marisnigrae Sars, G. O. baeri Cardiophilus ] cuniculus 1893 [ B. Della Valle, algicola Biancolina (Costa, 1857) [ Corophium acherusicum Monocorophium Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 105 370 252 270 370 130 References 82. 83, 369 81, 249, 389 81, 249, 389 171, 249, 392 102, 252, 370 252, 346, 370 370, 374, 389 81, 84, 249, 374 84, 91, 249, 370 81, 91, 249, 370 81, 171, 249, 367 84, 249, 346, 370 91, 249, 259, 389 249, 368, 374, 389 249, 370, 374, 389 82, 84, 97, 249, 375 84, 86, 91, 249, 295, M, bt, ep mc, ro, l-sl B-L, bt, ph M, bt, ep, r M, bt, ep, zc M, bt, hb, pe B-L, eh, bt, ep M, bt, shb, phs M, bt, eb, ph, s M, bt, ep, ps, ro Ecological data M, eh, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ph, zc M, bt, mb, ps, pe M, bt, eh-1‰, ep M, bt, ep-mb, l-sl M, bt, sep, mc, ro M, bt-p, sep, ph, s M, bt-p, eb, mc, ph M, bt, 0.5‰, ep, pe M, bt, eh-1-50‰, ep, M, bt, ep, ph, ps-s, ro B-L, 5-6‰, ps-pe, ph lm lm lm clm clm amp bam lmsa anam clmm pc, Rc abapbp namswp ep, ? em Zoogeo- graphical pc, (e), Rc pc, cpc, Rc amip, ? SK m, ep, ? em m, ep, ? nm amp, ? amip anam, ? abam 7 2 0.5 1-3 -50 (m) 0-12 0-40 -100 0-20 0-10 80-90 Depth Depth 18-100 1-25, 85 0-15, 30 Distribution 7 7 69 3, 28 1, 2, 3 80, 84 16, 23 84, *86 *79, 84 *86, 88 58, 59, 60 58, 59, 60 Horizontal 5, 16, 23, 24 7, 25, 26, 27 16, 23, 24, 76 3, 7, 26, 27, 28 7, 11, 13, 16, 25 7, 11, 11, 12, 13, 24, *69 11, *74, 76-80, 82, 84, *68, *69, *78, *79, 3, 7, 25, 51, 69, 77, 3, 7, 16, 24, 68, *69 59, 60, *68, *69, 76 7, 10, 16, 68, 69, 76 1-22, *66, *68, *69, 3, 11, 12, 24, 27, 28, 3, 11, 7, 13, 26, 58, *68, 77, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] ] ] ] ] Eusiridae Cheluridae Gammaridae Dexaminidae Lysianassidae Gammarellidae Taxa (Crawford, 1937) (Crawford, insidiosum Monocorophium 1830) [ Corophium Edwards, (Milne bonellii Crassicorophium (Bruzelius, 1859) [ Corophium (Bruzelius, crassicorne Crassicorophium 1895) [ Corophium Sars, (G. O. curvispinum Chelicorophium villosus var. curvispinum 1924 [ Corophium Martynov, sowinskyi Chelicorophium (Pallas, 1766) (Pallas, volutator Corophium Corophium 1893) [ (Della Valle, runcicorne Medicorophium 1899 Stebbing, dellavallei Siphonoecetes (Costa, 1853) humilis Orchomene Philippi, 1839 Philippi, terebrans Chelura (Montagu, 1813) (Montagu, spinosa Dexamine ] 1843) [ G. carinatus (Rathke, angulosus Gammarellus 1857) (Bate, bispinosa Apherusa (Martynov, 1931) (Martynov, aequicauda Gammarus Stock, 1966 Stock, crinicornis Gammarus 1966 Stock, insensibilis Gammarus ] 1966 [ G. locusta Stock, subtypicus Gammarus ] 1928) [ Chaetogammarus (Schellenberg, foxi Echinogammarus ] 1932) [ Chaetogammarus (Martynov, trichiatus Echinogammarus (Leach,Gammarus 1815) [ marinus Echinogammarus , Gammarus 1830) [ Chaetogammarus Edwards, (Milne olivii Echinogammarus 106 Zdravko Hubenov 389 358 370 218 389 178, 392 References 84, 91, 249 84, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 171, 249, 392 249, 368, 370 84, 91, 249, 389 84, 91, 367, 368 84, 91, 249, 389 84, 91, 368, 370 82, 114, 249, 389 82, 114, 84, 167, 368, 370 82, 249, 375, 389 91, 249, 369, 370 82, 249, 369, 389 82, 249, 369, 389 82, 114, 249, 374, 82, 114, 82, 114, 249, 374, 82, 114, 178, 249, 370, 392 81, 84, 91, 249, 389 82, 114, 174, 249, 389 82, 114, M, bt B-L, ep ro, l-sl, ■ B-L, bt, ep sg, ro, ph, ■ B-L, eh, l, ps M, bt, ep, mc M-TL, bt, l-sp M-TL, bt, l-sp M-TL, bt, l-sp M-TL, bt, l-sp M-TL, bt, l-sp M, bt, sep, l-sp B-L, ep, eu, ph M, bt, ep, ph, lt B, bt, ep, ph, ro Ecological data M, bt, ep-mb, mc M, bt, mb, ph, mc M, bt, sep, mc, ph M-B-TL, bt, l-sp, eh B-L, bt, 0.1-5‰, ep, M, bt, ep, ph, mc, ms M, bt, eb, zc, pe, sg, r M-B, eh, 0-12‰, sep, B-L, bt, ep, ps, ps-s, ■ B-L, bt, ep, ps, ps-s, ■ ep lm clp clm clm clm clm clm clm klm ham (ean) anam pc, Rc pc, Rc pc, Rc pc, Rc pc, Rc clm, ep anamnp ep, ? em Zoogeo- graphical pc, cpc, Rc pc, cpc, Rc pc, cpc, Rc pc, cpc, Rc, -19 (m) 0-30 0-50 0-20 2-85 Depth Depth 0.1-0.2 Distribution 68 24 80 76 59, 60 59, 60 3, 7, 20 3, 7, 24 *63, 65 1-22, 49 1-22, 24 11, 21, 22 11, 58, 59, 60 Horizontal 1-22, 24, 26 1-22, 24, 27 7, 49, 52, 59 58, 59, 60, *69 58, 59, 60, *69 3, 7-16, 46, 49, 52 1-22, 51, 58, 59, 60 7, 11, 12, 46, 51, 52 7, 11, 7, 13, 16, 21, 22, 24 2, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27 7, 11, 16, 46, 49, 52, 7, 11, Table 2. Continued Table 58-60, *68, 71, 92, 95 ] ] , Iphigenella ] ] , Lanceogammarus ] ] , Pontogammarus ] Isaeidae Hyalidae Talitridae Ischyroceridae Pontogammaridae Taxa ] behningi , Ch. tenellus 1899) [ Ch. i. major (Stebbing, ischnus Chaetogammarus (Montagu, 1808) (Montagu, saltator Talitrus ] h. fluviatilis 1841) [ D. (Eichwald, haemobaphes Dikerogammarus Heller, 1865 Heller, cavimana 1840; ? O. Edwards, Milne bottae Orchestia (H. Milne Edwards, 1830) [ Hyale Edwards, (H. Milne prevosti Apohyale 1766) (Pallas, gammarellus Orchestia (Sowinsky, 1894) (Sowinsky, villosus Dikerogammarus (Bate, 1862) [ Hyale (Bate, carinata Micropythia Derzhavin & Pjatakova, 1962 & Pjatakova, Derzhavin carausui Stenogammarus 1866) (Heller, crassipes Hyale 1849) perieri (Lucas, Hyale 1837 Rathke, pontica Hyale 1766); Costa, (Pallas, 1853 mediterranea Orchestia 1826 Audouin, montagui Orchestia (G. O. Sars, 1896) [ Gammarus Sars, (G. O. andrussowi Iphigenella (Carausu, 1943) [ Gammarus (Carausu, shablensis Shablogammarus 1894) Sars, (G. O. robustoides Pontogammarus ] borcea abreviatus 1934 [ P. Carausu, borceae Pontogammarus (Bate, 1862) (Bate, ocia Jassa Gammarus 1894) [ (Sowinsky, maeoticus Euxinia 1830 Edwards, H. Milne difformis Ericthonius Chevreux, 1887 Chevreux, longimanus Microprotopus (Stebbing, 1891) [ Talorchestia (Stebbing, brito Pseudorchestoidea 1826) [ Talorchestia (Audouin, deshayesii Deshayesorchestia Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 107 370 173 358 274, 389 References 81, 249, 389 81, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 36, 249, 389 36, 249, 389 171, 249, 370 178, 249, 389 84, 249, 370, 374 81, 249, 367, 370 84, 249, 367, 370 91, 295, 351, 370 89, 249, 351, 370 81, 249, 351, 370 36, 169, 249, 370 41, 66, 81, 84, 87, 171, 249, 370, 392 249, 368, 370, 374 M, bt epi, eu M-B, bt M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt-p, ep, ps M, bt, ep, slc, r Ecological data M, bt, hb, zc, sg M, bt, eb, pe, sg M, bt, eb, ps, sls M, bt, ep, ps, sls M, bt, eb, ph, pe M, bt, mb, pe, sg M-B, bt, ep, ps, r M, bt-p, ep, ps, zc M, bt, ep, slc, ph, zc M, bt, sep, ph, mc, lt B-L, bt, ps, ps-pe, eh M, bt, eb, ph, slc, pe, M, bt, ep, mc-s, ph-ro M, bt-p, hb, ph, sg, pe clm clm clm clm clm clm aam hom eami aami amwi m, ep clmm clmwi pc, Rc m, adep Zoogeo- tam, ? cst graphical clm, ? eam clm, ? bam clm, ? eamrs -98 1-7 (m) 0-20 5-25 0-10 1-12 0.5-8 -6, 25 10-50 0.5-10 Depth Depth 16-100 10-105 15-100 0.2-100 2-20, 100 Distribution 3 7 3, 5 7, 69 7, 25 7, 24 24, *69 5, 7, 25 1-22, 25 3, 24, 27 Horizontal 3, 16, 23, 24 7, 21, 25, 69 11, 16, 17, 20 11, 13, 16, 23, 25 16, 24, 27, 28 7, 20, 22, 23, 25 1-22, 24, 27, *69 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 1, 2, 3, 7, 13, 25, 69 1, 2, 7, 13, 16, 27, 28 2, 3, 7, 16, 26, 27, 28 Table 2. Continued Table Photidae Melitidae Caprellidae Bodotriidae Stenothoidae Oedicerotidae Megaluropidae Malacostraca: Cumacea Taxa (Montagu, 1804) (Montagu, palmata Melita 1843) (Rathke, sundevalli Cheirocratus Hoeck, 1889 Hoeck, agilis ? Megaluropus ] 1976 [ ? M. Agilis Ledoyer, massiliensis Megaluropus (Montagu, 1815) (Montagu, monoculoides Stenothoe ] 1888) [ Monoculodes (Chevreux, gibbosus Deflexilodes 1906 Stebbing, maculatum Synchelidium (Pontoporeiidae) Bathyporeiidae 1857) (Bate, guilliamsoniana Bathyporeia 1869 Norman, cornutus Megamphopus ] pedata , Proto acaudata 1769 [ Ph. Slabber, marina Phtisica (Bate et Westwood, 1868) et Westwood, (Bate longimanus Perioculodes (Montagu, 1804) (Montagu, phasma Pseudoprotella ] Leach, 1814 [ C. a. ferox acanthifera Caprella Czerniavski, 1868 Czerniavski, danilevskii Caprella Pseudocumatidae (Pseudocumidae) Pseudocumatidae 1879 Sars, G. O. ciliatum Pseudocuma Mayer, 1890 Mayer, mitis Caprella ] l. pontica P. 1858) [ (Bate, longicorne Pseudocuma ] 1894 [ Stenocuma Sars, G. O. tenuicauda Pseudocuma ] a. mediterranea 1843 [ B. Goodsir, arenosa Bodotria (Montagu, 1804) (Montagu, scorpioides ? Bodotria 108 Zdravko Hubenov 114, 356 114, 374, 389 249, 358 References 37, 249, 389 249, 376, 389 91, 93, 249, 377 36, 356, 370, 274 36, 249, 358, 370 36, 249, 370, 389 41, 249, 370, 389 91, 249, 370, 389 36, 249, 358, 370 169, 249, 358, 370 249, 274, 370, 389 169, 249, 358, 392 169, 249, 358, 392 249, 370, 374, 389 249, 374, 375, 377 34, 84, 91, 249, 389 M-T, sps M-T, M, bt, co L-B, bt, 5‰ M, bt, ep, ps M-B-L, bt, ep M-T, spr, lt, ro spr, M-T, Ecological data M, bt, ep, ps, zc M-B, ep, 6‰, zc M, bt, eb, ps, phs M-B-L, eh, bt, ro M, bt, hb, pe, phs M, bt, ep, ps, pe-lt M, bt, shb, pe, phs M, bt, sg, ms, phs, ■ M, bt, slc, zc, mc, ps M, bt, eb, ps, pe, phs M, bt, ep, mc, zc, slc M, bt, ep, ps-pe, s, eh M, bt, hb, ms, phs, zc m ep lm lm (h) ● p clm clm clm clm clm amip cp, Rc m, hom aminwp lmwiwp Zoogeo- anamnep graphical lm, (hom) lmm, (hom) 1 1-2 (m) 6-25 7-78 0-16 1-25 2-120 Depth Depth 40-150 20-, 50- 27, -100 0.5-1, 18 9-95, 125 Distribution 7 13 95 45 7, 25 80, 89 3, 7, 11, 16 3, 7, 11, Horizontal 1-22, 27, 28 7, 25, 26, 69 7, 21, 24, 25 7, 46, 52, 69 1-22, 27, 28, 69 16, 23, *79, 84, 88 1-22, 25, 27, 28, 69 3, 11, 12, 23, 24, 25 3, 11, 7, 10, 13, 25, 28, 69 7, 14, 15, 23, 24, 69 58, 60, *68, *74, 77, 58, 60, *68, *69, 84, 2, 3, 7, 13, 16, 27, 28 Table 2. Continued Table 5, 7, 16, 20, 21, 23, 25 Tylidae Ligiidae Tanaidae Janiridae Asellidae Leuconidae Apseudidae Nannastacidae Malacostraca: Isopoda Malacostraca: Malacostraca: Tanaidacea Malacostraca: Taxa Bacescu, 1950 elisae Iphinoe ] I. inermis 1893 [ Sowinskyi, maeotica Iphinoe G. O. Sars, 1879 Sars, G. O. limicola Cumella Bacescu, 1951 euxinicus Nannastacus G. O. Sars, 1878 Sars, G. O. tenella Iphinoe ] Beneden, (van 1861) [ C. longipes goodsir Cumopsis ] euxinica 1865 [ C. p. Sars, G. O. pygmaea Cumella (Bate, 1856) (Bate, truncatula Eudorella ] ostroumovi 1882) [? Apseudes (Sars, acutifrons Apseudopsis Bacescu & Carausu, 1947 Bacescu & Carausu, ostroumovi Apseudopsis ] charrieri Costa, 1853 [ J. hopeana Jaera (Rathke, 1837) (Rathke, nordmanni Jaera ] cavolinii 1826) [ T. (Audouin, dulongii Tanais Paratanaidae (Leptocheliidae) Paratanaidae 1842) [ H. gurneyi ] (Kroyer, oerstedii Heterotanais ] 1842) [ L. dubia (Kroyer, savignyi Leptochelia (Linnaeus, 1758) aquaticus Asellus Valkanov, 1936 Valkanov, sarsi Jaera ] L. brandti 1798 [ Fabricius, italica Ligia Grebnitsky, 1874 Grebnitsky, ponticus Tylos Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 109 249 84, 389 34, 389 374, 389 374, 389 249, 252 167, 389 References 84, 249, 389 94, 249, 389 71, 249, 389 91, 249, 389 36, 249, 389 36, 249, 389 249, 370, 389 167, 249, 389 249, 389, 412 36, 84, 249, 370 36, 84, 249, 370 84, 91, 249, 370, 91, 93, 249, 370, 36, 289, 370, 389 36, 249, 358, 370 36, 67, 84, 91, 93, M-T, sps M-T, M, bt, ec M, bt, ec M, bt, ep M, bt, pa M, bt, pa M, bt, pa mc, ro, ph M, bt-p, ec M, bt-p, ec M, p-bt, hb, r ps, sg, ms, phs M, bt-p, ep, pe M, bt, ep, slc, lt Ecological data M, bt, ep, ps, ph M, bt (p), sep, ps M, bt, ep, ph, l-sl M, bt (p), sep, l, ps M, bt, sp-sl, ph, ro, s M, bt, ep, mc, slc, ps M, bt, eb, mc, zc, slc, M, bt, ep, l-sl, ps, slc, ep lm em ace ace ● p ● p ● p clm clm clmi clmi m, hom m, hom amiswp cp, ? clp cp, ? clp Zoogeo- klm, (hn) graphical ham, ? SK amip, ? SK -3 2-5 (m) 0-40 0-10 2-14 0-3, 8 -6, 30 Depth Depth 0-5, 30 1-3, 92 100-150 Distribution 5 7 7 7 7 7 16 3, 7 7, 51 24, 25 7, 24, 25 Horizontal 7, 10, 11, 29 7, 10, 11, 7, 16, 46, 52 77, *78, *86 *78, 84, 86, 88 1-22, 24, 25, 49 7, 16, 20, 21, 22 20, 21, 23, 24, 25 7, 16, 23, 24, *69 49, 58-60, *69, 76- 24, 25, 46, 49, *69, 1-22, 24, 25, 36-40, 7, 10, 20, 22, 25, 51 1-5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 16, 1-5, 7, 11, 1-5, 7, 12, 13, 15, 16, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] Idoteidae Bopyridae Gnathiidae Cirolanidae Limnoriidae Cymothoidae Sphaeromatidae Taxa Audouin, 1826 Audouin, latreillei Tylos ] , I. tricuspidata basteri 1772) [ I. b. (Pallas, balthica Idotea ] , I. m. elongata 1895 [ I. metalica Sowinsky, ostroumovi Idotea , Synisoma pontica 1837) [ Idotea (Rathke, capito Stenosoma ] pulchellum (Leach, 1814) [ Sphaeroma hookeri Lekanesphaera 1787) (Fabricius, serratum Sphaeroma (Montagu, 1804) (Montagu, maxillaris Gnathia Sowinsky, 1884 Sowinsky, tuberculata Limnoria (Lilljeborg, 1855) (Lilljeborg, oxyuraea Gnathia (Adams, 1800) [ Naesa (Adams, bidentata Dynamene ] 1930 [ E. d. maris-nigri Monod, dollfusi Eurydice ] 1927) [ Pseudione (Popov, Bopyrissa diogeni 1802 Ltreille, Bopyrus squillarum Giard, 1907 Giard, pelseneeri Anisarthrus (Czerniavsky, 1868) (Czerniavsky, pontica Eurydice Bacescu, 1949 racovitzai Eurydice , Cymothoa , L. punctata pontica 1868) [ Livoneca (Czerniavsky, taurica Mothocya Hansen, 1890 Hansen, spinigera Eurydice Bacescu, 1949 valkanovi Eurydice ] carryensis , Cymothoa 1878 [? L. mediterranea Kölbel, sinuata Livoneca 110 Zdravko Hubenov 355 389 214 370, 371 374, 389 286, 389 References 78, 249, 252 36, 249, 389 36, 249, 389 40, 91, 214, 249 36, 72, 249, 371 36, 75, 249, 389 74, 91, 206, 249, 72, 84, 103, 189, 72, 249, 371, 389 72, 249, 370, 371, 72, 249, 358, 370, 249, 296, 389, 410 36, 72, 91, 249, 371 36, 77, 84, 249, 389 72, 84, 91, 249, 370 M, bt, r M, bt, r M, bt, ep, r M, bt, ep, r M, bt, mb, r M, bt, eh, et M, bt, ep, slc ep, ph, mc, eu M, bt, mb, lt, r plankton larvae M, bt, ep, ps-pe Ecological data L-B, bt, ep, 0-9‰ M, bt, ep, ps, ph, r M, bt, ep, zc, ph, s M-B, bt, eh, 4-5‰, M, bt, mb, ph, lt, zc M, bt, mb, ph, mc, ro M, bt (p), eh, eb, ps, s M, bt, ep (p), ps-pe, ■ lm lm eam eam eam eami clmm clmm lmmg eamrs eamrs j, SK, i (e), ? Rc Zoogeo- graphical lm, ? lmm ce, ? namj clmm, ? eam clmm, ? eam 7 3 -35 -15 -22 (m) 0-30 5-100 40-45 0.5-15 Depth Depth 1-2, 12 2-25, 48 3-25, 50 10-17, 40 Distribution 16 69 *86 16, 24 76, 77 24, 25 5, 7, 16 Horizontal 7, 16, 20, 22, 13, 16, 24, 25 3, 7, 13, 20, 77 3, 7, 12, 16, 17 *78, *79, 84, 88 71, 79, 84, 92, 95 7, 11, 13, 25, 27, 28, 7, 11, 58, 59, 60, *67, *68, 1-22, 24, *69, 77, 96 7, 12, 13, 23, 24, *69, 7, 25, 26, 69, *79, 84, Table 2. Continued Table 7, 11, 13, 16, 20, 23, 24 7, 11, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 16, 24 5, 7, 11, 4, 7, 11, 16, 20, 25, 26 4, 7, 11, ] ] ] ] Astacidae Alpheidae Processidae Upogebiidae Crangonidae Hippolytidae Palaemonidae Callianassidae Nephropidae (Homaridae) Nephropidae Malacostraca: Decapoda Malacostraca: ] triellianus 1777) [ Leander (Pennant, serratus Palaemon (Leach,1814) nitescens Athanas Guérin-Méneville, 1832 Guérin-Méneville, dentipes Alpheus 1863) (Heller, leptocerus Hippolyte , Virbius , H. longirostris 1993 [ H. gracilis d’Acoz, D’Udekem sapphica Hippolyte Taxa 1816) (Risso, edulis Processa ] maculosus var. , C. vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) [ C. maculosus crangon Crangon Rathbun, 1902 Rathbun, macrodactylus Palaemon ] rectirostris 1837 [ Leander Rathke, adspersus Palaemon ] elegans var. squilla Leander 1837 [ Rathke, elegans Palaemon (Risso, 1816) [ Pontophilus (Risso, fasciatus Philocheras 1835) [ Pontophilus (Hailstone, trispinosus Philocheras , C. tyrrhena ] , C. pontica pestae 1792) [ Callianassa (Olivi, candida Pestarella Eschscholtz, 1823 Eschscholtz, leptodactylus Astacus ] (Linnaeus, 1758) [ H. vulgaris gammarus Homarus ] 1890) [ Callianassa et Bonnier, (Giard truncata Necallianassa , Gebia littoralis 1792) [ U. (Petagna, pusilla Upogebia Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 111 214 370, 371 371, 389 References 69, 114, 214 69, 114, 370, 371, 389 370, 371, 389 370, 371, 389 76, 103, 249, 371 84, 249, 370, 371 95, 164, 371, 386 358, 370, 371, 389 72, 73, 84, 91, 249, 72,73, 91, 114, 249, 72,73, 91, 114, 72, 73, 84, 249, 370 72, 84, 91, 358, 371 72, 73, 84, 249, 389 72, 73, 84, 249, 389 72,73, 84, 249, 358, 72, 73, 84, 370, 371 34, 72, 86, 249, 389 36, 72, 75, 249, 389 72,73, 91, 249, 370, 72, 84, 91, 249, 371 72, 84, 91, 114, 249, 72, 84, 91, 114, lt, ro, ■ M, bt, r M, bt, r ro, ■, ▲ ro, slc, ■ L-B, eu, is M, bt, ep, ps L, eu, ro, ph, ■ M, bt, ep, lt, ro M, bt, eb, ro, ■ Ecological data M-B, bt, ps, ps-s M, bt, ep, ps, s, r M, bt, mb, ps, sg, ■ M, bt, eb, eh, ps, sg M, bt, ep, sp-l-sl, lt, M, bt, sep, spr-slr, l, M, bt, sep, spr-slr, M, bt, ep, ph, zc, slc M, bt, ps, zc, ro, r, ■ M, bt, ps, zc, ro, r, M, bt, eb, ps, sg, s, ■ M, bt, mb, ph, mc, lt, M, bt, mb, ph, mc, ro M, bt, mb, ps-pe, s, ph s, ps-pe, mb, M, bt, clm eam lmm acem clmm clmm amj, i clmm nam, i m, hom Zoogeo- (nmwca) graphical lm, ? amp cem, ? eam eam, ? eami (esea, sk - i) clmm, ? eam hom, lm, clm lmm, ? lmmg lmmg, ? eami 3 15 0-7 -80 -10 (m) 0-40 3-80 0-70 0-30 0-20 5-22 0-40 Depth Depth 1, 9-40 0-15, 40 1-15, 100 Distribution 7 7 ? 96 23, 24 *86, 88 7, 16, 21 3, 5, 7, 13 Horizontal 1-22, 24, 25 1-22, 24, 69 1-22, 24, *69 1-22, 24, 50, 69 1-22, 24, 45, 50 1-22, 24, 45, 50 7, 11, 16, 25, *69 7, 11, 7, 13, 25, 26, *69 43, 74, 87, 92, 94 7, *68, *69, 87, 96 1-22, 25, 36-40, 69 7, 11-13, 16, 25, 36- 7, 11-13, 1-22, 23, 24, 25, *69, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 16, 21, 3, 5, 7, 11, 40, *69, *78, *79, 84, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ) lucasi ] ] villosus , P. ] longimana , Porcellana Portunidae Diogenidae Porcellanidae Majidae, Inachidae Majidae, Potamidae (Potamonidae) Potamidae ] varians [ D. (Roux,1829) pugilator Diogenes Taxa ] egyptius 1775) [ Stenorhynchus (Fabricius, longirostris Macropodia ] 1818) [ C. misanthropus (Latreille, erythropus Clibanarius ] , Macropipus holsatus 1827) [ Portunus (Risso, vernalis Liocarcinus Grapsidae (Varunidae) Grapsidae ] (Rizza, 1839) [ Cleistostoma gemmellari Brachynotus ( Brachynotus 1827) [ Heterograpsus (Risso, sexdentatus Brachynotus (Fabricius, 1787) (Fabricius, marmoratus Pachygrapsus (Risso, 1815) [ Porcellanides (Risso, longicornis Pisidia , Portunus (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Macropipus depurator Liocarcinus ] tauricum , P. potamios , P. fluviatile P. 1808) [ (Bieberstein, ibericum Potamon Rathbun, 1896 Rathbun, sapidus Callinectes (Pennant, 1777) (Pennant, latipes Portumnus ] , C. mediterraneus C. maenas 1847 [ Nardo, aestuarii Carcinus , Portunus, Macropipus L. arcuatus 1794) [ (Herbst, navigator Liocarcinus Pilumnidae) Panopeidae, (Eriphiidae, Xanthidae ] 1775) [E . spinifrons verrucosa (Forskål, Eriphia ] , X. rivulosus X. hydrophilus 1792) [ (Olivi, poressa Xantho ] 1841) [ R. (Gould, h. tridentatus harrisii Rhithropanopeus (H. Milne Edwards, 1854) Edwards, (H. Milne sinensis Eriocheir var. villosus h. var. (Linnaeus, 1761) [ P. hirtellus Pilumnus 112 Zdravko Hubenov 218 114, 216 114, 218, 258 218, 258 218, 258 218, 258 218, 258 References 47, 84, 249 114, 216, 217 114, 114, 216, 217 114, 247, 249, 252 247, 249, 252 247, 249, 252 247, 249, 252 L-TL M-TL, l TL, sp-l L-TL, ■, ♦ L-TL, ■, ♦ M-TL, l, sp L-TL, bt, ph L-TL, bt, ph L-TL, bt, ph L-TL, bt, ph L-TL, bt, ph M-TL, l-sl, ps L-TL, ■, ▲, ♦ M-TL, sp-l, ps Ecological data (e) (h) (tp) (tp) (tp) (tp) (om) (wcp) ace, (h) lm, (nm) Zoogeo- (m, hom) graphical (tp, ? hes) nam, (hnat) (wcp, ? hoes) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 92 58 58 80 1-22 58, 77, 80 58, 77, 80 *86, 91, 92 Horizontal 1-22, 59, 60 1-22, 51, 52 1-20, 25, 51 45, 46, 49, 52 83, 91, 92, 94 58, 59, 77, 80 65, 71, 73, 83, 84, Table 2. Continued Table ] Lestidae Baetidae Caenidae Odonata Isotomidae Euphaeidae Neanuridae Collembola Onychiuridae Siphlonuridae Calopterygidae Entomobryidae Ephemeroptera Hexapoda: Insecta Hexapoda: Hexapoda: Entognatha Hexapoda: Taxa (Guérin-Méneville, 1836) (Guérin-Méneville, maritima ? Anurida (Denis, 1925) acuminata Friesea (Gisin, 1952) [ Onychiurus (Gisin, fimata Protaphorura 1877) (Packard, besselsi Archisotoma (Linnaeus, 1758) virgo Calopteryx (Charpentier, 1840) (Charpentier, fatime Epallage (Harris, 1782) (Harris, splendens Calopteryx Parona, 1888 Parona, ferrarii Seira (Linnaeus, 1761) dipterum Cloeon 1776) (Müller, luteolum Centroptilum (Linnaeus, 1758) horaria Caenis 1839) (Burmeister, luctuosa Caenis 1884 Eaton, robusta Caenis (Eaton, 1870) (Eaton, lacustris Siphlonurus Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 113 216 218 216 217, 258 216, 217 References 59, 216, 217 59, 215, 216 59, 216, 217 216, 217, 218 218, 258, 259 216, 217, 258 59, 119, 216, 217 59, 119, 59, 119, 216, 217 59, 119, 59, 215, 216, 218 59, 215, 216, 218 59, 215, 216, 218 59, 215, 216, 217, 215, 216, 217, 218 216, 217, 218, 258 119, 215, 216, 217, 119, L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL, ▲, ♦ L-TL, 13‰ L-TL, 14‰, ha Ecological data (h) (h) (tp) (po) (wp) (wp) (nm) (ena) (wes) (wpo) (hom) (hom) (hom) (wces) (omca) (nemit) (mwca) Zoogeo- graphical (mca, ? wp) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 78, 80 94, 95 80, 84 91, 94 76, 80 91, 92, 95 83, 89, 92 77, 78, 81 *86, 88, 92 58, 63, *78 Horizontal 74, 78, 86, 92 71, 80, 88, 91 75, 76, 92, 95 *86, 88, 92, 95 58, 80, *86, 88 77, 86, 88, 90, 91 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 60, 61, 69, 74, 77, 58, 60, 63, 71, 73, *78, 80, 82, 83, 90 84, *86, 88, 90-92, 60, 63, 70, 71, *78, 80, 82, 83, *86, 88, *78, 80, 82, 83, 85, 58, 60, *61, 69, 71, 60, 65, 68, 71-76, 78, 71, 77, 78, 81, 83-85, 60, 63, 70, 71, 75, 77, 58, 60, 61, 63, 70, 72, Table 2. Continued Table *68-86, 88, 89, 92, 95 74, 76-*78, 80-82, 84- Coenagrionidae Platycnemididae (Vander Linden, 1820) (Vander elegans Ischnura (Charpentier, 1840) (Charpentier, cyathigerum Enallagma (Sélys, 1840) lindenii Cercion (Vander Linden, 1820) (Vander pulchellum Coenagrion 1842) (Rambur, scitulum Coenagrion (Linnaeus, 1758) puella Coenagrion (Selys, 1850) ornatum Coenagrion (Pallas, 1771) (Pallas, pennipes Platycnemis (Sulzer, 1776) (Sulzer, nymphula Pyrrhosoma (Charpentier, 1840) (Charpentier, viridulum Erythromma ] Linden, 1825) [ Chalcolestes (Vander viridis Lestes Linden, 1820) fusca (Vander Sympecma (Charpentier, 1825) (Charpentier, virens Lestes (Hansemann, 1823) (Hansemann, sponsa Lestes ] parvidens (Artobolevski, 1929) [ Chalcolestes Lestes Taxa (Eversmann, 1836) (Eversmann, macrostigma Lestes (Fabricius, 1798) (Fabricius, barbarus Lestes 1890 dryas Kirby, Lestes 114 Zdravko Hubenov 218 216 258 59, 216 216, 217 216, 217 216, 217 218, 258 References 216, 217, 218 59, 216, 218, 258 59, 215, 216, 217, 119, 216, 217, 259 119, 119, 216, 258, 259 119, 215, 216, 217, 218 216, 217, 218, 258 215, 217, 218, 259 216, 217, 218, 258 114, 215, 216, 217, 114, 215, 216, 217, 218, L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL, 4‰ L-TL, ■, ♦ L-TL, 13‰ Ecological data (e) (h) (tp) (wp) (nm) (tpo) (ean) (ptm) (wcp) (ptsp) (esca) (wesa) (wppt) (omca) Zoogeo- graphical (hom, ? wp) (wcp, wcpo) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 86 94, 95 78, 83 91, 92 84, 88 86, 89 92, 95 82-84, 86 72, 77, 80 84, 86, 88 80, 92, 94 Horizontal 77, 78, 80, 86 69, 88, 89, 91 89, 91, 92, 94, 95 77, 78, 80, 88, 89 71, 76-78, 80, 83, 81, 83, 85, 88, 89, 80, 83, 85, 86, 88, 58, 60, 61, 63, *68, *69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 58, *68, *69, 73-80, 58, 65, 77, 78, 80, 85 58, 60, 61, 63, 73-78, 63, 64, 68-72, 78, 79, 58, 60, 63, 69-71, 77, 80, 83, 84, 86, 88, 92, 60, 61, 65, 68, 74, 76, 60, 61, 68, 69, 72, 75, 70, 80, 83, 84, 86, 88, 69, 74, 78, 80, 81, 83, Table 2. Continued Table Aeshnidae Libellulidae Corduliidae (Linnaeus, 1758) cancellatum Orthetrum (Fonscolombe, 1837) (Fonscolombe, brunneum Orthetrum (Fabricius, 1798) (Fabricius, coerulescens Orthetrum (Sélys, 1848) albistylum Orthetrum (Linnaeus, 1758) depressa Libellula Linnaeus, 1758 quadrimaculata Libellula Müller, 1764 Müller, fulva Libellula Nielsen, 1935 Nielsen, meridionalis Somatochlora Latreille, 1805 Latreille, mixta Aeshna Vander Linden, 1820 Vander affinis Aeshna ] isosceles 1767) [ Anaciaeschna (Müller, isoceles Aeshna (Müller, 1764) (Müller, pratense Brachytron Taxa (Burmeister, 1839) (Burmeister, ephippiger Hemianax Leach, 1815 imperator Anax (Selys, 1839) parthenope Anax (Charpentier, 1825) (Charpentier, pumilio Ischnura Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 115 218 206 218 152, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 206, 258 158, 252 218, 259 216, 217 216, 217 216, 217 References 216, 217, 218 216, 217, 218 217, 218, 259 85, 158, 252, 389 59, 119, 215, 216, 59, 119, 119, 217, 218, 259 119, 119, 215, 216, 217, 119, L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL L-TL, eu L-TL, eh L-TL, ▲, ♦ L-TL, ▲, ♦ L-TL, sp, eu L-TL, sp, eu L-TL, sp, ha L-TL, sp, eu Ecological data L-TL, sp ha-6.8‰ L-TL, sp, ha-34‰ L-TL, sp, hs-3.4‰ L-TL, sp, ha-4.6‰ L-TL, sp, ha-4.5‰ (tp) (tp) (tp) (po) (po) (em) (wp) (ppt) (hop) (hop) (wcp) (ewca) (ptmca) Zoogeo- (tp, ? dp) graphical (tp, ? hop) (ptm, ptsp) (hes, ? hop) (mca, omca) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 59 80 33 33 33 80 81 58, 77 33, 44 93, 95 92, 95 84, 86 33, *69 60, 77, 80 86, 88, 92 92, 94, 95 58, 60, 77 Horizontal *68, *69, 71, 74, 33, 41, 42, 59, 61 76-81, 83, 85, 86, 92, 60, 63, 71, 77, 80-86, 72, 74, 76-86, 88, 89, 72, 74-78, 80, 82, 83- 58, 60, 71, 77, 80, 83, 58, 60, 61, 65, 68, 71, 58, 60, 61, 63, 69, 71, Table 2. Continued Table Pleidae Nepidae Corixidae Naucoridae Notonectidae Heteroptera Linnaeus, 1758 cinerea Nepa (Linnaeus, 1758) cimicoides Ilyocoris ] (Leach, 1817) [ S. hieroglyphica lateralis Sigara 1860) (Fieber, mayri Sigara 1848) (Fieber, nigrolineata Sigara (Linnaeus, 1758) striata Sigara Linnaeus, 1758 glauca Notonecta Delcourt, 1909 viridis Notonecta Leach, 1817 minutissima Plea (Linnaeus, 1758) vulgatum Sympetrum Leach, 1817 Corixa affinis (Charpentier, 1840) (Charpentier, striolatum Sympetrum Taxa (Sélys, 1841) depressiusculum Sympetrum (Sélys, 1840) fonscolombii Sympetrum (Sélys, 1841) meridionale Sympetrum 1764) (Müller, sanguineum Sympetrum (Allioni, 1766) (Allioni, pedemontanum Sympetrum (Brullé, 1832) erythraea Crocothemis 116 Zdravko Hubenov 218 79, 389 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 374, 389 References T, sp T, L-TL T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, L-TL, eu Ecological data (e) (h) (tp) (Er) (ho) (am) (wp) (hat) (wp) (nm) (pm) (hop) (atm) (hno) (mca) (nem) (nem) (hom) (hom) (wces) (csena) Zoogeo- (et, ? mt) (e, ? hop) graphical (om, ? osp) (omca, ? osp) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 77 48 48 71 47 77 48 47 47 48 48 47 47 80 *78 48, 77 47, 76 47, 76 32, 33 47, 76 47, 76 *69, 77 47, 48, 76 48, *69, 76 48, 76, *78 Horizontal Table 2. Continued Table ] ] Miridae Nabidae Saldidae Tingidae Hebridae Belostomatidae Taxa (Goeze, 1778) carthusianus Catoplatus Dohrn, 1862 [ Halonabis sareptanus Nabis (Linnaeus, 1758) linearis Ranatra 1852) (Boheman, antennatus Teratocoris 1876 Reuter, insignis Phytocoris ] 1950 [ L. maritimus Wagner, italicus Lygus (Fieber,1858) cognatus Polymerus 1959 Wagner, josifovi Orthotylus 1879 Reuter, parvulus Orthotylus 1874 Puton, rubidus Orthotylus 1876 Reuter, schoberiae Orthotylus ] lanuginosus Plagiognathus 1829) [ (Fallén, albipennis Europiella , Psallus 1876) [ C. atomosum (Jakovlev, pumilum Compsidolon ] 1837) [ Serenthia (Spinola, atricapillum Agramma ] , Serenthia 1807) [ A. confusum (Fallén, laetum Agramma ] , S. l. adriatica 1887 [ S. littoralis Horvath, adriatica Salda ] longicornis 1882) [ Ch. elegantula (Jakovlev, longicornis Chartoscirta 1807) (Fallén, lateralis Halosalda 1847) (Scholtz, arenicola Saldula 1838) (Zetterstedt, opacula Saldula 1794) (Fabricius, pallipes Saldula 1871) (Thomson, pilosella Saldula (Douglas et Scott, 1868) (Douglas et Scott, serenus Deraeocoris ] niloticum , Belostoma 1854) [ L. cordofanus (Stål, patruelis Lethocerus 1807) (Fallén, pusillus Hebrus Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 117 184 158 47, 57 85, 389 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 158, 252 References 85, 184, 389 85, 184, 389 85, 184, 389 85, 184, 389 85, 184, 389 85, 143, 389 143, 184, 389 184, 374, 389 143, 184, 389 143, 184, 389 143, 184, 389 158, 159, 252 85, 86, 184, 389 T, sps T, T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, L-TL, eu T, sps, ha T, L-TL, sw L-TL, sp, ha L-TL, sp, ha L-TL, sw, eu L-TL, sw, eu L-TL, sw, L-TL, sp, sw L-TL, sp, sw L-TL, eu, sw L-TL, ha, sw Ecological data L-TL, sp, sw, th L-TL, sp, sw, L-TL, sp, eu, sw L-TL, sp, eu, sw L-TL, 7‰, ha, sw (k) (h) (h) (tp) (tp) (po) (wp) (hop) (atm) (wes) (mca) (wcp) (wcp) (wcp) (wpo) (nem) (hom) (hom) (hom) (hom) (hom) (hom) (emca) Zoogeo- graphical (poa, ? sk, R) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 7 7 76 42 42 42 48 48 77 48 42 42 48 48 48 48 48 48 47 48 *69 71, *78 7, 59, 60 47, *69, 77 Horizontal Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] ] pusillus , Guignotus ] ] ] ] Cydnidae Lygaeidae Gyrinidae Dytiscidae Piesmatidae Coleoptera Pentatomidae , Potamonectes 1836) [ Deronectes (Aubé, ceresyi Nebrioporus ] (Linnaeus, 1758) [ L. obscurus minutus Laccophilus ] R. 1825) [ pulverosus (MacLeay, suturalis Rhantus (Linnaeus, 1767) sticticus Eretes Linnaeus, 1758 Dytiscus marginalis (DeGeer, 1774) (DeGeer, lateralimarginalis Cybister Aubé, 1836 Aubé, distinctus Gyrinus Scriba, 1855 suffriani Gyrinus L. Miller, 1862 L. Miller, jonicus Hydroporus Coelambus 1812) [ (Ahrens, parallellogrammus Hygrotus (Aubé, 1850) [ Coelambus (Aubé, pallidulus Hygrotus (Schaum, 1857) [ Coelambus (Schaum, lernaeus Hygrotus Taxa (Jakovlev, 1874) (Jakovlev, henkei Stibaropus Bidessus 1792) [ (Fabricius, geminus Hydroglyphus (Fabricius, 1787) [ Coelambus (Fabricius, confluens Hygrotus (Becker, 1867) [ Piesma (Becker, salsolae Parapiesma (Fallén, 1807) (Fallén, claviculus Cymus Hahn, 1832 Hahn, grandicolor Cymus 1861 Fieber, melanocephalus Cymus 1835) (Burmeister, halophilus Henestaris 1836) (Curtis, laticeps Henestaris ] ambiguus 1877 [ P. Puton, meridionalis Peritrechus 1882 Horváth, spectabilis Eurydema (Jakovlev, 1876) [ Codophila (Jakovlev, varicornis Antheminia 118 Zdravko Hubenov 386 144 96, 389 84, 380 96, 389 96, 389 85, 389 85, 389 85, 389 85, 389 85, 184 184, 389 184, 389 184, 389 References 84, 211, 389 84, 211, 96, 249, 389 85, 374, 389 249, 252, 267 V. Guéorguiev V. 85, 86, 144, 184 85, 249, 380, 389 96, 249, 337, 389 85, 144, 184, 389 L-TL, sp L-TL, sw L-TL, l, sp L-TL, sw, eu L-TL, sw, L-TL, sw, ha L-TL, sw, L-TL, sw, eu L-TL, sw, L-TL, sw, eu L-TL, sw, L-TL, sp, sw L-TL, sp, sw L-TL, sp, sw L-TL, sp, sw L-TL, sp, sw M-TL, sl-l, lt M-TL, l-sp, lt L-TL, 1‰, sw L-TL, 6‰, sw L-TL, 1‰, sw L-TL, 1‰, sw Ecological data L-TL, sp, sw, ha L-TL, sp, sw, M-TL, sl-l, ph, lt L-TL, 23‰, sp, sw L-TL, ha, sw, eu, sp L-TL, ha, sw, L-TL, 7-10‰, sw, ha L-TL, 7-10‰, sw, (h) (tp) (tp) (se) (se) (Er) (Er) (em) (wp) (em) (ase) (tpo) (ena) (hno) (hom) (mwca) Zoogeo- (eca, ? h) (hop, ? h) graphical (wcp, ? h) (hnoa, ? sk) (wp, ? wcp) (wces, ? wp) (csena, hom) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 58 33 42 41 42 42 42 46 42 42 *69 *68 *69 *78 7, 16 32, 33 7, *78 41, 42, 43 Horizontal 5, 7, 11, 16, 20 5, 7, 11, 33, 41, *69, 76 *69, 76, 77, *78 2, 3, 7, 13, 14, 17, 32, 33, 59, 60, *68 58, 59, 60, *68, *79 33, 41, 42, 44, 76, 77, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] Diptera Hydraenidae Trichoptera Hydroptilidae Hydrophilidae Chironomidae Ceratopogonidae Schiner, 1856 Schiner, frauenfeldi Thalassomyia Haliday, 1855 Haliday, marinus Clunio Michailova, 1980 Michailova, ponticus Clunio (Fries, 1823) (Fries, plumipes Anatopynia (Linnaeus, 1758) monilis Ablabesmyia (Fries, 1823) [ Ablabesmyia (Fries, lentiginosa Thienemannimyia (Kieffer, 1911) (Kieffer, algarum Cricotopus Kieffer, 1911 Kieffer, halophila Dasyhelea Pelopia 1818 [ Meigen, punctipennis Tanypus Taxa Ulmer, 1950 Ulmer, caspersi Stactobia Stephens, 1829 Stephens, nanus Ochthebius Bedel, 1881 brevipalpis Helophorus 1856 et Saulcy, Reiche bispina Berosus (Linnaeus, 1758) aquaticus Helophorus (Steven, 1808) (Steven, spinosus Berosus Rey, 1885 Rey, arenarius Cercyon 1824) (Germar, aeneus Paracymus Motschulsky, 1855 Motschulsky, gracilis Laccobius Motschulsky, 1855 Motschulsky, scutellaris Laccobius 1792) [ Philydrus (Fabricius, bicolor Enochrus (Linnaeus, 1758) piceus Hydrophilus (Paykull, 1798) (Paykull, marinus Ochthebius Ienistea, 1956 Ienistea, ponticus Ochthebius Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 119 337 337 249 249 96, 389 96, 389 96, 389 96, 389 96, 389 96, 389 96, 389 119, 398 119, 131, 252 353, 389 252, 268 249, 337 References 96, 337, 389 96, 337, 389 374, 389, 396 249, 252, 266 57, 85, 249, 266 84, 97, 119, 249, 84, 97, 119, 84, 96, 119, 353, 84, 96, 119, 85, 96, 337, 353, 84, 119, 249, 389 84, 119, 86, 119, 249, 389 86, 119, 96, 249, 337, 389 119, 252, 259, 265 119, 353, 374, 389, 396 252, 264, 265, 398 259, 264, 374, 396 sp L-TL, sp L-TL, l-sp L-TL, sw, sp L-TL, sw, M-TL, sl, ph M-TL, sp, ha M-TL, sw, ha M-TL, sw, L-TL, 2‰, sw L-TL, 2‰, sw L-TL, 2‰, sw L-TL, 1‰, sw L-TL, 1‰, sw L-TL, 1‰, sw L-TL, 1‰, sw L-TL, 1‰, sw L-TL, 6‰, sw Ecological data L-TL, 0.8‰, sw L-TL, 0.8‰, sw L-TL, 1.5‰, sw L-TL, 0.8‰, sw M-TL, 80‰, sw M-TL, 60‰, sw L-TL, 8‰, l, sw M-TL, l-sp, ph, lt M-TL, 100‰, sw L-TL, 0-9‰, sw, sp L-TL, 0-9‰, sw, M-B-TL, 12‰, l-sp M-TL, 15-60‰, sw, M-TL, 15-60‰, sw, L-TL, 0-16‰, sw, sp L-TL, 0-16‰, sw, (e) (e) (h) (h) (h) (h) (h) (h) (Er) (pa) (ho) (hn) (ho) (Ep) (Ep) (em) (cse) (hno) (hno) (wcp) (wcp) (wcp) (csee) (hom) Zoogeo- graphical (tp, ? hop) (ena, ? wp) (ena, ? wp) (hptn, ? sk) (m) Depth Depth Distribution 76 76 16 76 *68 *68 *68 *68 59, 60 59, 60 42, 46 16, 24 76, 77 32, 33 *69, 80 58, 60, 68 58, 59, 60 2, 7, 32, 33 Horizontal 32, 33, 59, 60 58, 59, 60, *68 58, 59, 60, *68 7, 11, 16, 32, 33 7, 11, 33, 42, *69, 76, 80 *74, 76, 77, 80, 88 58, 59, 60, *68, 76 32, 33, 58-60, *68, 58, 59, 60, *68, *79 42, 58-60, *68, *69, 77, *78, *79, 80, *86 Table 2. Continued Table 16, 20, 33, 58, *68, 76 33, 58-60, *69, *66, 76, 76, *66, *69, 58-60, 33, ] ], sp. dubia ], sp. ] , Trichocladius ] (Kieffer, 1913) (Kieffer, caulicola Glyptotendipes (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, tendens Endochironomus 1839) (Staeger, barbipes Glyptotendipes (Linnaeus, 1758) plumosus Chironomus ] 1804 [ Ch. thummi Meigen, riparius Chironomus Kieffer, 1913, nom. dubia nom. 1913, Kieffer, signaticornis ? Endochironomus ] caspersi 1911) [ Haliella (Kieffer, noctivagus Baeotendipes Michailova, 1974 Michailova, anchialicus Chironomus ] 1818 [ Ch. halophilus Meigen, aprilinus Chironomus Kieffer, 1915 Kieffer, salinarius Chironomus (Staeger, 1839) [ Limnochironomus (Staeger, nervosus Dicrotendipes ] 1913) [ R. foveatus (Kieffer, atripes Rheocricotopus 1951 Strenzke, duplicata Smittia (Kieffer, 1913) (Kieffer, defectus Cryptochironomus Michailova, 1974 Michailova, valkanovi Chironomus (Kieffer, 1906) (Kieffer, psilopterus Psectrocladius Kieffer, 1923 Kieffer, lacustris Propsilocerus ] dilatatus 1856) [ P. (Walker, obvius Psectrocladius ] bipunctellus 1908) [ O. (Kieffer, fuscimanus Orthocladius ] saxicola 1818) [ O. (Meigen, rubicundus Orthocladius (Staeger, 1839) [ Cricotopus (Staeger, varians Halocladius 1818) [ Cricotopus (Meigen, vitripennis ? Halocladius , Tanytarsus exiguus 1818) [ Camptocladius (Meigen, minimus ? Limnophyes ] 1921) [ L. prolongatus (Kieffer, pentaplastus Limnophyes Hirvenoja, 1973 Hirvenoja, mediterraneus Halocladius (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, sylvestris Cricotopus Taxa (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ornatus Cricotopus ] conjugens ? Cryptochironomus 1839) [ (Staeger, intersectus ? Cricotopus 120 Zdravko Hubenov 96 206 337 249 337 46, 252 46, 252 84, 389 97, 389 97, 389 97, 389 96, 389 58, 60, 62 46, 58, 62 References 48, 53, 249 50, 249, 252 97, 249, 389 46, 52, 62, 249 50, 51, 249, 252 50, 54, 249, 252 46, 50, 249, 252 84, 96, 249, 337 96, 119, 337, 396 96, 119, 46, 47, 50, 249, 252 T, sp, ha T, sp, ha T, L-TL, sp T, sps, ha T, T, sps, ha T, L-TL, sw T, l-sp, ha T, T, sp, ha, ps T, T, l-sp, ha, r T, l-sp, ha, r T, L-TL, 1‰, sw L-TL, 2‰, sw L-TL, 2‰, sw L-TL, 2‰, sw L-TL, 2‰, sw Ecological data M-TL, sl-l-sp, lt M-TL, sl-l-sp, lt L-TL, 1.5‰, sw L-TL, 0.8‰, sw L-TL, 0.78‰, sw L-TL, 15‰, l, sw L-TL, 1.5‰, l, ph M-TL, sl-l-sp, lt, r L-TL, 0.8‰, ps, s, ro (e) (h) (h) (h) (h) (h) (h) (m) (tp) (tp) (se) (ho) (po) (po) (Eb) (am) (see) (poa) (mca) (hom) (wpat) (wces) Zoogeo- (pm, Ep) graphical (m) Depth Depth Distribution 47 45 45 46 46 47 59 32 80 *68 *69 *68 46, 47 45, 46 46, 47 46, 47 59, 60 58, 60 59, 60 58, 59, 60 Horizontal 47, 61, 62, 76 58, 59, 60, *68 2, 7, 58, 59, 60, *68 58-60, *68, 76, *79, 7, 24, 58-60, *68, 77 Table 2. Continued Table ], sp. dubia dubia ], sp. ] ] Hybotidae Tethinidae Coelopidae Chaoboridae Stratiomyidae Helcomyzidae Dolichopodidae (Hendel, 1934) czernyi (Hendel, Tethina 1934) (Hendel, flavigenis Tethina Collin, 1950 curtipennis Chersodromia 1902 Lichtwardt, piscator Aphrosylus Strobl, 1909 Strobl, fuscipennis Aphrosylus Loew, 1857 Loew, venator Aphrosylus (Loew, 1854) (Loew, mediterranea Helcomyza (Haliday, 1833) (Haliday, sciomyzina Malacomyia , Fucomyia 1805) [ C. eximia frigida (Fabricius, Coelopa griseola ] 1900) [ T. (Strobl, albosetulosa Tethina Frey, 1936 Frey, colliniana Chersodromia (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, longicornis Stratiomys (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, crystallinus Chaoborus ] holochloris 1925 [ T. Kieffer, mendax Tanytarsus (Kieffer, 1911) (Kieffer, bausei Stempellina Kieffer, 1909 Kieffer, gregarius Tanytarsus (Walker, 1856) [ Tanytarsus (Walker, mancus Cladotanytarsus ] pharao , P. aberrans 1889) [ P. (Skuse, nubifer Polypedilum ] breviantennatum (Schrank, 1803) [ P. scalaenum Polypedilum Harnisch, 1923 [ Cryptochironomus Harnisch, pararostratus ? Parachironomus 1804) (Meigen, nubeculosum Polypedilum ] 1804) [ G. polytomus (Meigen, pallens Glyptotendipes Taxa ] 1913) [ G. gripekoveni (Kieffer, cauliginellus Glyptotendipes (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, glaucus Glyptotendipes Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 121 62 62 249 62, 63 58, 62 62, 63, 85 58, 60, 62 References 49, 62, 249 46, 62, 252 62, 85, 389 91, 249, 389 56, 61, 62, 63 46, 50, 51, 53, 48, 52, 62, 249 84, 91, 249, 295 45, 50, 53, 54, 55, 46, 50, 51, 62, 249 46, 50, 51, 249, 252 46, 62, 85, 249, 283 46, 52, 62, 249, 252 TL, ha TL, ha TL, ha, r TL, ha, r T, l-sp, ha T, T, l-sp, ha T, T, l-sp, ha T, T, l-sps, ha T, TL, l-sp, ha T, l-sp, ha, r T, T, l-sps, ha, r T, T, l-spr, ha, lt l-spr, T, M, bt, ep, lt, r TL, l-sp, ha, r TL, 60-80‰, l M, bt, ep, lt, ro plankton larvae Ecological data TL, 60‰, sl-l-sp TL, 60‰, sl-l-sp M-TL, ph, l-sp, lt (h) (k) clm (wp) (hat) (am) (wp) (nm) (ena) (pata) (nem) (hom) (wpat) (cseeit) Zoogeo- graphical hom, ? lm (hpta, ? sk) (dp, ? mca) (hnata, ? sk) (ptm, ? atm) 17 (m) 0-30 Depth Depth Distribution 46 46 58 92-95 13, 24 80, 92 76, 77 46, 47 74, 85 45, 50 46, 47 45, 46, 47 33, 76, 77, Horizontal 7, 12. 16, 21, 24 47, 48, 61, 76, 77 47, 76, 91, 92, 95 47, 48, 61, 76, 77 41, 44, 47, 76, 77 47, 58, 61, 77, 91 46, 48, 59, 60, 73, 47, 48, 58-60, 76, 91, 32, 47, 62, 64, 76, 77, 33, 41, 44, 59, 60, 64, Table 2. Continued Table ] , Middendorffia Canacidae Ephydridae MOLLUSCA Anthomyiidae Sphaeroceridae Chitonida (Chitoniformes) Chitonida , Chiton poli (Scacchi, 1836) [ L. corrugata Polyplacophora (Loricata) Polyplacophora Lepidochitonidae (Tonicellidae, Ischnochitonidae) Lepidochitonidae (Tonicellidae, Lepidochitona caprearum ] , Ch. variegatus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1767) [ Chiton cinerea Lepidochitona (Zetterstedt, 1845) (Zetterstedt, tergina Fucellia (Haliday, 1838) (Haliday, maritima Fucellia (Becker, 1896) (Becker, duplosetosa Polytrichophora Taxa (Macquart, 1843) (Macquart, flavipes Ephydra ] 1975 [ E. macellaria Wirth, murina Ephydra 1903) (Becker, acrosticale Schema 1848) (Loew, albipennis Chlorichaeta 1909 Czerny, nigripes Glenanthe (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, albicans Hecamede Becker, 1896 Becker, attica Ephydra Loew, 1860 Loew, bivittata Ephydra Fallén, 1813 Fallén, riparia Ephydra ] cinerea grisea 1823) [ T. (Fallén, Tethina 1865) (Loew, pallipes Tethina 1923) (Mercier, strobliana Tethina 1900 Strobl, salonitana Canace ] 1855) [ Leptocera (Stenhammar, brachystoma Thoracochaeta 122 Zdravko Hubenov 389 249 249 6, 126 91, 389 67, 389 84, 389 67, 389 113, 164 113, References 84, 91, 249, 389 84, 91, 249, 389 66, 84, 249, 389 84, 118, 305, 389 84, 118, 84, 305, 374, 389 118, 305, 374, 389 118, 31, 84, 91, 114, 249, 31, 84, 91, 114, r, ■ r, EX, ▲ pe, x, ♦ M, bt, ep, r M-B, bt, phs M, bt, ep, ph M-B, bt, 5‰, Ecological data L, bt, 12‰, lt, pe M, bt, eb, ps-s, pe M-B, eh-14‰, ro, M, bt, sep, ro, lt, ph L-B, bt, eh, 20‰, lt L, 0.4‰, bt, sw, ph, L, 0.4‰, bt, sw, M, bt, ep, ro, mc, ph M, bt, ep, ro, mc, ph M, bt, sep, lt-ro, l-sl, M, bt, eb, ps, ps-s, pe L, 0.5‰, bt, ph, s, r, ♦ L, 0.5‰, bt, ph, s, r, lm lm lm lm (e) clm eam lmm (wes) clmm (seepc) Zoogeo- graphical (wcp, i - h) pc, Rc, Sf, + pc, Rc, Sf, + Ep, Rc, Sf, + -10 65- (m) 0-10 4-10 Depth Depth -30, 50 20-140 0-10, 50 0-15, 40 0-10, 50 3-10, 80 2-14-111 Distribution 11 24 96 28 *69 *69 4, 24 1-22, 24 1-22, 24 *68, *69 *68, *69 Horizontal 3, 26, 27, 28 92, 94, 95, 96 7-22, 26, 27, 28, 69 3, 11, 14, 16, 17, 50 3, 11, 58-60, *68, *69, 71, *78, *79, 84, *86, 88, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] fermonii , ? Trochus ] Neritidae Patellidae Trochidae Valvatidae Cerithiidae Gastropoda Phasianellidae (Tricoliidae) Vetigastropoda (Archaeogastropoda) Vetigastropoda Sorbeoconcha (Neotaenioglossa, Mesogastropoda) Sorbeoconcha (Neotaenioglossa, Taxa Patellogastropoda (Archaeogastropoda, Docoglossa) (Archaeogastropoda, Patellogastropoda ] tarentina , P. pontica , P. pontica caerulea 1791[ P. Gmelin, ulyssiponensis Patella ] pontica (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Phasianella pullus Tricolia ] 1829) [ Phasianella (Michaud, tenuis ? Tricolia , Trochus, G. deversa 1844) [ G. euxinica (Philippi, adriatica Gibbula var. pontica 1791) [ G. a. var. (Gmelin, albida Gibbula Cycloneritimorpha (Archaeogastropoda) Cycloneritimorpha ] 1828) [ Neritina (C. Pfeiffer, danubialis Theodoxus (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Trochus divaricata Gibbula ] (Clessin, 1887) [ Neritina euxinus Theodoxus ] (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Neritina fluviatilis Theodoxus ] 1924 [ Neritina Lindcholm, pallasi Theodoxus ] 1879) [ Neritina (Tournouer, pilidei Theodoxus Ectobranchia (Heterostropha, Mesogastropoda) (Heterostropha, Ectobranchia 1774 Müller, F. O. cristata Valvata ] pulchella 1774) [ V. Müller, F. (O. piscinalis Valvata ] exile , Cerithium (da Costa, 1778) [ Cerithiolum reticulatum Bittium ] , C. pusillum 1854) [ Cerithidium (de Reyneval et Ponzi, submamillatum Bittium Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 123 404 6, 118 84, 389 84, 389 118, 204 118, 119, 396 119, 374, 389 374, 389 404, 405 References 91, 249, 389 67, 249, 389 67, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 166, 249, 252 84, 91, 249, 389 84, 118, 249, 389 84, 118, 84, 118, 305, 389 84, 118, 84, 118, 249, 305, 84, 118, 166, 249, 374, 389 166, 167, 249, 352 eu, is zc, pe M, bt, ep M, bt, ep M, bt, ep M, bt, ep M, bt, mb M, bt, mb M, bt, mb M-B, bt, eh M, bt, ep, zc M, bt, eb, pe M, bt, eb, pe L, bt, lt, rh, r L, bt, 0.5‰, ph sw, ph, ro, pe, ♦ sw, Ecological data B-L, 17‰, po-sw, B-L, 17‰, po-sw, L, 3‰, bt, lt, po, ♦ L, 1‰, bt, cr, ▲, ♦ L, 1‰, bt, cr, L, bt, ph, ro, s, ps, ♦ B, bt, eh, mb, ro, ph, B-M, eh-60‰, bt, ep, lm lm clm clm clm (El) eam (Eb) lmm lmm clmm clmm clm, ce eamswi Zoogeo- lm, ? hm (nz, sk, i) graphical (seep, Rc) (wp, ? h - i) (wp, ? e, wes) 3 5 12 -30 (m) 0-22 0-50 15-30 40, 70 Depth Depth 14-111 -15, 25 15-100 5-15, 50 0-111, 20 0-111, 13-36, 60 Distribution 7 7 7 7 53 76 84 84 *69 *68 *69 ? 96 11, 13, 16 11, Horizontal 60, *68, *69 3, 26, 27, 28 7, 11, 13, 15, 16 7, 11, 6, 7, 8, 26, 27, 28 *69, *78, *79, *86 76, 77-*79, *86, 96 13, 26-28, *66, *69, Table 2. Continued Table 7, 23, 24, 43, *66, *68, ] ] ] , H. acuta ] Caecidae Eulimidae Epitoniidae Bithyniidae Hydrobiidae Calyptraeidae Cerithiopsidae Cimidae (Aclididae) Pyrgulidae (Micromelaniidae) Hypsogastropoda (Neotaenioglossa, Meso-, Neogastropoda) Meso-, (Neotaenioglossa, Hypsogastropoda Taxa ] , C. ponticum ponticum 1792 [ C. v. Bruguière, vulgatum Cerithium 1873] Mollendorf, v. 1828) [? L. pyramidatus fuscus (C. Pfeiffer, Lithoglyphus (Bielz, 1853)] (Bielz, transsilvanica 1823) [? B. (Sheppard, leachii ? Bithynia ] jenkinsi P. 1843) [ E. Gray, (J. antipodarum Potamopyrgus (Linnaeus, 1758) tentaculata Bithynia (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) (C. Pfeiffer, naticoides Lithoglyphus ] , C. rugulosum 1803) [ C. elegans (Montagu, trachea Caecum , Brochina 1869 [ C. tenue de Folin, armoricum Caecum ] 1805) [ H. ventrosa (Draparnaud, acuta Hydrobia (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg et Dollfus, 1883) [ Eulima Dautzenberg (Bucquoy, incurva Vitreolina (Pennant, 1777) (Pennant, ulvae ? Hydrobia 1803) [ Hydrobia (Montagu, ventrosa Ventrosia 1967 [ Horatia Angelov, lucidula Hauffenia (Kanmacher, 1798) (Kanmacher, albida Graphis ] , S. tenuicostata communis 1819) [ Scalaria (Turton, turtonis Epitonium ] communis (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Scalaria clathrus ? Epitonium (Linnaeus, 1758) chinensis Calyptraea (Montagu, 1803) (Montagu, tubercularis Cerithiopsis (Brusina, 1865) (Brusina, minima Cerithiopsis 124 Zdravko Hubenov 355 148 405 405 405 374, 389 404, 405 References 84, 282, 389 91, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 113, 166, 249 113, 249, 282, 389 165, 249, 392 166, 249, 392 84, 91, 249, 282 84, 91, 249, 389 34, 84, 249, 389 84, 91, 249, 374 67, 249, 389, 410 67, 84, 91, 249, 389 M, bt M, bt , r M, bt, ep M, bt, ep M, bt, ep M, bt, mb M, bt, mb M, bt, sep, lr M, bt, ep, ph M, bt, lr-spr, lt M, bt, lr-spr, M, bt, mb, phc M, bt, shb, phs Ecological data M, bt, ep, ph, zc M, bt, mb, ps-pe M, bt, ep-mb, ph M, bt, mb, ph, pe M, bt, mb-eb, eu, is M, bt, mb, ps, ps-pe M, bt, sep, zc, ph, ro M-B, 8‰, bt, s, sw, ♦ M-B, 8‰, bt, s, sw, lm lm lm clm clm clm clm clm clm clm aam clmm clmm ● p, Er m, hom j, pnep, i Zoogeo- graphical j, aminp, i lm, ? lmm clm, ? eam pc, Rc, Sf, + -54 -12 -47 -70 -10 -60 -20 -50 (m) Depth Depth -20, 80 36-138 -15, 80 24-148 Distribution 14 76 *69 7, *69 7, *69 17, 84 17, 84 3, 7, 24 2-22, 45 3, 13, 24 1-22, *69 25, 26, 49 16, 17, 19 Horizontal 7-22, 23, 24 1-13, 23, 24 17, 19, 24, 45 3, 21, 22, 27, 28 26, 28, *68, *79 7, 16, 17, 24, *69 1-22, 24, 25, 69, 76 1-22, 25, 36-40, *69, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] ] ] ] ] , Paludinella ] ] ] , ? R. membranacea Conidae Tornidae Rissoidae Muricidae Buccinidae Nassariidae Triphoridae Littorinidae Omalogyridae Heterostropha Taxa ] brusinai , Nassa kamischiensis (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Cyclonassa neritea Cyclope ] (da Costa, parva 1778) [ R.Rissoa euxinica 1830 Eichwald, splendida Rissoa 1832) [ Rissoa (Michaud, lineolata Pusillina ] (Jeffreys, 1848) [ S. turriculata pulcherrima Setia 1916) [ Assiminea (Hesse, rufostrigata Pontiturboella , Trophon breviatus T. 1803) [ (Montagu, muricatus Trophonopsis (Valenciennes, 1858) (Valenciennes, arthritica Neptunea (Montagu, 1803) [ Adeorbis (Montagu, subcarinatus Tornus var. parva perversa var. , T. obesula 1803) [ Trifora (Montagu, adversa Marshallora ] , R. thomasiana 1846) [ R. bezoar (Valenciennes, venosa Rapana , Pyrgula 1908) [ Micromelania (Milaschewitch, lincta Turricaspia ] (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Littorina neritoides Melarhaphe , Rissoa 1832) [ Massotia (Michaud, lactea Alvania ] , R. venusta , R. pontica [ R. oblonga Adams,1800) (J. membranacea Rissoa ] , Nassa (Linnaeus, 1758) [ N. nitidus reticulatus Nassarius , Raphitona , Mangelia fuscata 1803) [ Cythara (Montagu, nebula Bela , Truncatella 1841) [ Homalogyra (Philippi, atomus Omalogyra , Cythara, M. taeniata 1777) [ M. pontica (Pennant, costata Mangelia ] 1869) [ Homalogyra (Monterosato, fischeriana Ammonicera Murchisonellidae) Pyramidellidae (Ebalidae, Turbonillidae, Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 125 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 249, 392 164, 405 166, 167 249, 392 249, 392 References 84, 249, 389 91, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 166, 249, 392 166, 178, 249 166, 167, 249, 392 249, 374, 389, 392 M, bt, ep M, bt, ep M, bt, ep M, bt, ep M, bt, mb M, bt, mb M, bt, mb M, bt, mb M, bt, ep, r M, bt, ep, r M, bt, ep, r M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, ps M, bt, ep, pe M, bt, ep, slc M, bt, ep, slc M, bt, ep-mb M, bt, ep, ps, s M, bt, mb, s, sg Ecological data M, bt, eb, pe, ph, mc m lm lm lm lm lm lm clm clm clm clm clm clm clm eam kclm clmm clm, ce Zoogeo- graphical lm, ? lmm m, ? lmmg -20 -50 -40 -18 -35 -70 -20 (m) 6-80 0-140 Depth Depth -10, 42 -15, 50 -18, - 47 Distribution 7 7 1-22 7, 69 7, 24 7, 69 17, 84 17, 84 28, *69 7, 11, 25 7, 11, 17, 19, 84 16, 17, 84 Horizontal 7, 11, 16, 25 7, 11, 11, 17, 19, 84 11, 7, 24, 34, *69 17, 19, 69, 84 16, 17, 19, 84 7, 11, 13, 16, 69 7, 11, 7, 16, 17, 19, 84 12, 17, 19, 69, 84 7, 13, 17, 24, 26, 27, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] ] , Parthenia ] ] ] ] ] ] , Odostomia , Retusa , Odostomia , Cylichna ] , Turbonilla ] , Eulimella Retusidae Sacoglossa Tergipedidae Nudibranchia Acochlidiida Cephalaspidea Pseudovermidae Stiligeridae (Hermaeidae) Microhedylidae (Parhedylidae) Taxa Perejaslawtzeva, 1890 Perejaslawtzeva, paradoxus Pseudovermis ] 1837) [ Stiliger (Orbigny, bellula Calliopaea (Philippi, 1836) [ E. laevis , Belonidium (Philippi, acicula Eulimella 1868) [ Anisocycla (de Folin, pointeli Ebala (Stiligeridae) Limapontiidae 1774) Müller, F. (O. capitata Limapontia , Hedyle 1901) [ Microhedyle tyrtowii (Kowalewsky, Parahedyle costulata 1844) [ Parthenina (Philippi, terebellum Chrysallida ] nitens 1869 [ O. Brusina, erjaveciana Odostomia , Bulla 1869) [ C. ovoides (Fischer, robagliana ? Cylichnina , Turbonilla 1866) [ Parthenina (Brusina, emaciata Chrysallida , Odostomia 1916) [ Ch. brusinai (Milaschewitsh, incerta Chrysallida ] tenuistriata , Parthenina 1797) [ Ch. obtusa Adams, (J. interstincta Chrysallida , Bulla 1792) [ R. opima t. (Bruguière, truncatula Retusa Monterosato, 1874 [ Odostomia Monterosato, delicata Turbonilla ] pupaeformis , T. elegantissima 1844) [ T. (Philippi, pusilla Turbonilla , Retusa , C. variabilis 1803) [ C. strigella (Montagu, umbilicata Cylichnina ] pallida , O. novegradensis 1844 [ O. Hanley, eulimoides Odostomia 1803) (Montagu, plicata Odostomia ] rissoiformis , O. albella 1843 [ O. MacGillivray, scalaris Odostomia (Jeffreys, 1848) [ Odostomia dolioliformis Noemiamea 126 Zdravko Hubenov 328 358 6, 118 6, 118 6, 118 166, 249 206, 218 305, 389 257, 258 References 6, 305, 389 6, 305, 389 6, 374, 389 118, 305, 389 118, 206, 218, 259 6, 84, 258, 389 6, 118, 374, 389 6, 118, 6, 118, 305, 389 6, 118, 84, 118, 374, 389 84, 118, 118, 206, 305, 389 118, 249, 374, 386, 389 pe, ♦ M, bt α, r, ♦ α, r, ♦, HD M, bt, ep M-TL, spr, r M-TL, spr, L, bt, ph, sw, ♦ L, bt, ph, sw, L, bt, sw, ph, ♦ L, bt, sw, Ecological data M, bt, mb, slc, zc L, bt, ph, s-ar, sw, sw, L, bt, ph, s-ar, L, bt, 2‰, sw, ph, L, bt, 2‰, sw, L, bt, eu, pe, ph, ar L, 7‰, bt, ph, pe, ♦ L, bt, sw, ph, α-β, ♦ L, bt, sw, L, bt, sw, ph, pe, r, ♦ ph, pe, r, L, bt, sw, L, 5‰, sw, po, α-β, ♦ L, 5‰, sw, L, 6‰, bt, ph, rh, s, ♦ L, 1.5‰, eu, ph, α-β, ♦ L, bt, pe, ph, rh, sw, r, r, L, bt, pe, ph, rh, sw, L, bt, eu, th, ph, r, is, ♦ L, bt, eu, th, ph, r, L, bt, 8‰, ph, α-β, r, ♦ L, bt, 8‰, ph, α-β, r, L, 8‰, sw, ph, α-β, r, ♦ ph, α-β, r, L, 8‰, sw, L, 3-10‰, bt, ph, eu, ♦ lm (h) (h) (h) (h) clm amp (hop) vck, i (wcp) (wces) (wces) (h, sk, i) Zoogeo- (hop, ? e) (h, ? hop) (wes, ? e) (wes, ? h) graphical (wes, ? hoes) (wces, ? wes) (wces, ? wcp) -5 -6 -9 -40 0-4 0-8 (m) 0-50 0.2-25 Depth Depth -10, -18 Distribution 7 77 *68 *68 *68 7, 13 4, 45 68, 83 59, 60 60, 83 *68, *69 70, 71, 77 Horizontal 58, *68, *69 *68, *69, 71 *68, *69, 83 58, 59, 60, 80 59, 60, 80, 96 23, 24, *69, *79 58, *68, *69, 71 *68, *69, 71, 77 7, 58, 59, *68, *69, Table 2. Continued Table ] , Galba ] , Lymnaea ] , Pterochilus , Eolis ] ] ] ] ] , Spiralina Ellobiidae Dorididae Acroloxidae Lymnaeidae Planorbidae Corambidae Eupulmonata Basommatophora Taxa (Alder et Hancock, 1844) [ Aeolis (Alder et Hancock, pulchra Embletonia 1870) [ Doridella (Verrill, obscura Corambe (Bergh, 1881) Doris ocelligera , Ovtella, Auricula 1801) [ Alexia (Draparnaud, myosotis Myosotella (Linnaeus, 1758) lacustris Acroloxus (Linnaeus, 1758) stagnalis Lymnaea corvus var. corvus 1791) [ S. palustris (Gmelin, Stagnicola (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Lymnaea auricularia Radix ] , Lymnaea (Linnaeus, 1758) [ R. ovata balthica Radix (O. F. Müller, 1774) [ Lymnaea Müller, F. (O. truncatula Galba ] clessiniana , F. wautieri 1862) [ F. (Tryon, fragilis Ferrissia O. F. Müller, 1774 Müller, F. O. carinatus Planorbis ] (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Segmentina complanatus Hippeutis ] ammonoceras var. corneus (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Coretus corneus Planorbarius ] umbilicatus (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Tropidiscus planorbis Planorbis ] 1835) [ Paraspira (Rossmaessler, septemgyratus Anisus , Planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Armiger crista Gyraulus (O. F. Müller, 1774) Müller, F. (O. nitida Segmentina (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Planorbis vortex Anisus (Troschel, 1834) (Troschel, vorticulus Anisus Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 127 84, 389 84, 389 84, 389 84, 389 6, 84, 389 6, 84, 389 References 84, 91, 389 91, 249, 389 249, 389, 410 6, 84, 374, 389 6, 118, 257, 259 6, 118, 84, 91, 249, 389 183, 249, 255, 288 67, 84, 91, 114, 249 67, 84, 91, 114, 6, 84, 305, 374, 389 61, 84, 91, 249, 295 M, bt M, bt M, bt, ep, ro ps-pe, β, r, ♦ ps-pe, β, r, L, bt, pe-ar, β L, bt, pe-ar, M, bt, ep, lt, r Ecological data sw, tx, α-β, is, ♦ sw, M, bt, sep, ro, ■ M, bt, shb, pe, phs M, bt, mb, pe, s-ps M, bt, sep, ps, ps-s L, bt, 2‰, pe-ps, β M, bt, eb, lt, s, s-ps L, bt, sw, po, cr, ph, po, cr, L, bt, sw, L, bt, eu, pe, ph, po, M, bt, ep, ps, s, sg, is M, bt, 5‰, sep, lt-slc L, bt, 2‰, pe-ar-ps, β L, bt, 2‰, pe-ar-ps, lm lm (e) ami eamp clmm lmmg eami, + miwp, i (tp, ? h) Zoogeo- (e, ? ena) lm, ? clm (na, sk, i) (e, ? wes) graphical eam, ? clm anamnep, i -9 -11 -30 -17 -20 (m) 0-80 Depth Depth 30-140 -25, -40 3-40, 70 7-23, 65 0-30, 50 20-36, 75 Distribution 7 ? 7 *69 ? 11 26, 69 *68, 92 1-22, 28 1-22, 25 *68, *69 7, 16, 24 Horizontal *68, *69, 92 1-22, 24, 68, 69 3, 6, 7, 12, 13, 25, 7, 11, 13, 16, 25, 26 7, 11, 3, 5, 7, 12, 16, 17, 24 58, 75, 76, 77, 87, 90 Table 2. Continued Table 1-22, 24, 27, 68, 69, 76 ] ] , Scapharca ] ] ] , Modiolus , Modiolus , Galactella , Arcopsis Arcidae Physidae Arcoida Mytilidae Ostreidae Bivalvia Noetiidae Pectinidae Unionidae Mytiloida Ostreoida Anomiidae Unionoida Taxa (Linnaeus, 1758) jacobaeus ? Pecten (Linnaeus, 1758) maximus ? Pecten ] taurica , O. sublamellosa , O. lamellosa Linnaeus, 1758 [ O. edulis Ostrea Linnaeus, 1758 ephippium Anomia ] , M. monterosatoi , M. minimus 1791) [ M. l. pontica (Gmelin, lineatus Mytilaster var. pontica var. glaber , Pecten (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Chlamys glaber Flexopecten (Philippi, 1844) [ Modiola (Philippi, phaseolina Modiolula ] gemtilis , U. gaudioni p. (Linnaeus, 1758) [ U. pictorum Unio Retzius, 1788 Retzius, tumidus Unio ] , A. piscinalis cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758) [ A. c. piscinalis Anodonta (Draparnaud, 1805) (Draparnaud, acuta Physella (Linnaeus, 1758) fontinalis Physa (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Arca lactea Striarca ] galloprovincialis var. 1819 [ M. edulis Lamarck, galloprovincialis Mytilus , Cunearca 1906) [ A. inaequivalvis (Tokunaga, kagoshimensis Anadara 1819) [ Modiola (Lamarck, adriatica Gibbomodiola 128 Zdravko Hubenov 6 356 403 389 164, 403 References 84, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 84, 91, 114, 249 84, 91, 114, 67, 84, 249, 389 67, 84, 249, 389 66, 68, 249, 389 67, 84, 249, 389 84, 91, 249, 389 84, 91, 249, 295 84, 91, 249, 389 68, 172, 249, 389 114, 166, 249, 389 114, 67, 84, 91, 249, 389 67, 84, 91, 249, 389 84, 91,249, 295, 374, ps, ps-s, pe M, bt, sg, ro M, bt, eb, ps M, bt, sep, ps L, bt, ps-pe, β Ecological data M, bt, sep, ps, ■ M, bt, sep, ps, ■ M, bt, ps, ep-mb M, bt, sep, ps-pe M, bt, sep, ps, zc M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s M, bt, sep, ps, ps-s M, bt, eb, pe, pe-ps M, bt, eh-3.9‰, eb, M-B, bt, pe, ar, s-ps M-B, bt, pe, ar, M, bt, mb-eb, pe, sg M-B, bt, ps-pe, s, ep M, bt, eb, ps, ps-s, pe M, bt, eb, pe, ps-s, sg M, bt, ep, ar, ar-ps, sg ar-ps, M, bt, ep, ar, lm lm lm (e) clm clm clm clm clm clm clm eam clmm clmm clmm namnep Zoogeo- clm, ? lm graphical pc, Rc, Sf, + pc, Rc, Sf, + lmm, ? clmm 2 -9 -25 -50 -30 -80 -36 (m) 2-15 0-10 35-90 5-140 0.2, -2 0.2-24 Depth Depth 15-100 10-120 -10, 40 -20, 30 0-25, 34 -30, 100 13, -148 Distribution 69 69 92 7, 25 16, 17 1-22, 51 1-22, 25 1-22, 25 1-22, 25 3, 27, 28 25, *69, 84 Horizontal 1-22, 25, 26 1-22, 25, 26, 69 1-22, 25-28, 69 *69, 76, 77, *78 3, 7, 17, 25, 27, 28 3, 7, 25, 26, 27, 28 1-22, 25, 26, 27, 68, 1-22, 25, 26, 77, *79 Table 2. Continued Table 3, 7, 11, 16, 17, 20, 25 3, 7, 11, 3, 7, 13, 16, 25, 27, 69 3, 7, 13, 16, 17, 25-27, ] ] ] ] ] ] ] , Tellina commutata , Lucina ] ] , Moerella , Tellina ] ] , Moerella , Fabulina Solenidae Cardiidae Lucinidae Tellinidae Mactridae Donacidae Veneroida Leptonidae Montacutidae Mesodesmatidae Taxa , Lepton , Erycina compressa 1822) [ Kellia (Turton, nitidum Hemilepton ] nitidum 1803) [? Hemilepton (Montagu, suborbicularis ? Kellia ] , C. lamarcki , C. clodiense edule 1789) [ Cardium (Poiret, glaucum Cerastoderma ] Mysella 1803) [ (Montagu, bidentata Kurtiella . var. impedita p . var. 1834) [ Cardium Sowerby, (G. B. paucicostata Acanthocardia (Rossmaessler, 1835) [ Anodonta (Rossmaessler, complanata Pseudanodonta 1791) [ Cardium (Gmelin, exiguum Parvicardium ] , C. simile fasciatum 1791) [ Cardium (Poli, papillosum Papillicardium , Tellina leucoma , Lucina 1791) [ L. lucinalis (Linnaeus, 1758; Poli, lacteus Loripes , HypanisDidacna 1829) [ (Eichwald, colorata Monodacna (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Divaricella divaricata Lucinella ] relicta , H. p. relicta 1829) [ Adacna (Eichwald, plicatum Hypanis ] , M. triangula s. triangula (da Costa, 1778) [ Mactra subtruncata Spisula 1795) [ Mesodesma (Poli, cornea Donacilla ] julianae , D. julianae t. Linnaeus, 1758 [ D. trunculus Donax Linnaeus, 1758 [ Angulus donacina Tellina 1791 [ Angulus Gmelin, fabula Tellina ] , Moerella exiguus , Angulus exigua da Costa, 1778 [ T. tenuis Tellina ] 1799 [ S. vagina Pulteney, marginatus Solen (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Psammobia fragilis Gastrana Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 129 References 6, 305, 389 84, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 4, 6, 305, 389 84, 91, 249, 389 84, 91, 249, 389 67, 84, 249, 389 67, 91, 249, 389 67, 84, 249, 389 84, 91, 249, 389 84, 91, 152, 249, 175, 249, 252, 253 305, 374, 375, 389 166, 172, 178, 249 67, 84, 91, 249, 389 67, 84, 91, 249, 389 84, 91, 249, 374, 389 et, pe, ps-s M, bt, ep, ps B, bt, mb-eb M, bt, sep, lt B-L, bt, eh, is M, bt, ep, lt, eh Ecological data M, bt, sep, lt, slr M, bt, eb, pe, phs M, bt, eb, pe, s-ps M, bt, mb, ps-pe, s M, bt, sep, ps, ps-s L, bt, 5‰, sw, ph, s L, bt, 5‰, sw, ph, s L, bt, 3‰, sw, M, bt, eb, ps-pe, mc M, bt, mb, ps-pe, sg M, bt, ep, ps, ps-s, is M, bt, eh-6-60‰, ep, M, bt, sep, lt, BA, BC M, bt, mb, ps, s-ps, sg lm ml (h) lmi (tp) clm clm clmm lmmg cbm, i clm, ce m, ? lm Zoogeo- eamiswp (h - i), Rc graphical eamrs, amrs namnei, ami clm, ? clmm pc, Rc, Sf, + -15 -15 -20 (m) 5-90 2-20 2-65 0-10 Depth Depth -10, 26 -15, 40 50-200 -30, 90 -25, 70 0.30-12 -40, 200 10-15, 20 -135, 170 Distribution *86 *67 7, 24 16, 25 26, 27 3, 7, 24 7, 25, 69 Horizontal 1-22, 27, 28 1-22, 25, 69 71, 76, 92, 96 42, 43, *67, 92 1-22, 26, 27, 69 1-22, 25, 26, 27 7, 11, 12, 13, 24 7, 11, 5, 16, 25, 26, 27 3, 7, 13, 16, 17, 25, 1-22, 26, 27, 28, 69 1-22, 25, 26, 68, 69 *69, 76, 77, *79, 85, 58, 59, 60, *68, *69, 7, 13, 23, 26, *66, 68, Table 2. Continued Table 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 24 5, 7, 10, 11, ] ] ] distincta ] ] ] ochropicta , Venus , Cytherea , T . lineatus , T . discrepans , T . rugata ] , Venus Myidae Myoida Pisidiidae Veneridae Semelidae Pholadidae Corbulidae Teredinidae Petricolidae Dreissenidae Taxa ] venustus , D. fabagella 1795 [ D. Poli, semistriatus Donax ] , A. nitida , A. milaschevichi A. fragilis 1808) [ (Montagu, prismatica Abra , Corbula maeotica G. Costa, 1829) [ Corbulomya (O. mediterraneum Lentidium Linnaeus, 1758 dactylus Pholas ] Linnaeus, 1758 [ M. truncata arenaria Mya (Philippson, 1788) (Philippson, lithophaga Petricola ] (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Pholas candida Barnea , Syndesmya 1802) [ A. a. pontica Wood, (W. alba Abra , Syndesmya 1843) [ A. ovata (Récluz, segmentum Abra ] polymorpha ) polymorpha 1771) [ D . ( Dreissena (Pallas, polymorpha Dreissena var. ochropicta var. r. 1795) [ Meretrix (Poli, rudis Pitar ] irus (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Venerupis Irus ] , Venus corrugata gallina (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Chione gallina Chamelea 1791) [ P . petalina (Gmelin, aureus Polititapes ) r. 1838) [ D . ( Pontodreissena (Deshayes, rostriformis Dreissena (O. F. Müller, 1774) Müller, F. (O. lacustre Musculium (Linnaeus, 1758) corneum Sphaerium 1803) [ Circe (Montagu, minima Gouldia 130 Zdravko Hubenov 75, 252 252, 330 142, 252 References 84, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 67, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 84, 249, 389 141, 249, 252 141, 249, 252 67, 91, 249, 389 84, 91, 249, 374, 141, 249, 374, 384 141, 249, 374, 384 141, 249, 374, 389 66, 67, 91, 249, 389 20‰ M, bt M, bt M, bt, ep M, bt, ep M, bt, mb M, bt, ro, sg M, bt, ep-me M, bt, mb-hb M, bt, eh, mb M, bt, ep, 6‰ M, bt, ep, 6‰ M, bt, eh, 10‰ plankton larvae Ecological data M-B, bt, eh, 3‰ M, bt, ep, eh, 0.4- M, bt, ep-me, c, is M, bt, ep, ps, ps-pe M-B, bt, eh, 8-10‰ nap adp bam ham ham amp amp amp aamip ● p, Er abapbp namswp Zoogeo- neamswp graphical amip, K, i clm, ? nam pc, amp, Rc clm, bamnep 5 -70 -70 -40 10- -10 (m) 0-60 10-50 0.2-22 Depth Depth 0.2-0.7 Distribution 3 7 7 84 13 84 7, 25 2, 84 10, 17 7, *69 *69, 96 1-22, 69 Horizontal 7, 11, 12, 13 7, 11, 3, 7, 11, 16, *69 3, 7, 11, *69, *79, 84, *86 *69, *79, 84, *86 *86, 88, 90, 93, 94 *68, 71, *78, *79, 84, Table 2. Continued Table ] ] , Membranipora ] , Membranipora OZOA Y Thraciidae BR Victorellidae Vesiculariidae Gymnolaemata Ctenostomatida Membraniporidae Cheilostomatida Electridae (Membraniporidae) (Pallas, 1766) [ Electra (Pallas, crustulenta Taxa ] utriculus 1792) [ Teredo (Spengler, norvagica Nototeredo Linnaeus, 1758 navalis Teredo Desor, 1848 Desor, tenuis Membranipora ] denticulata (Linnaeus, 1767) [ Membranipora reticulum Conopeum (Poli, 1791) (Poli, papyracea Thracia Anomalodesmata (Pholadomyoida) Anomalodesmata 1928) (Canu, seurati Conopeum (Busk, 1854) (Busk, monostachys Electra Einhornia ] (Linnaeus, 1767) [ Membranipora pilosa Electra 1980 Gruncharova, pontica Electra (Membraniporidae) Tendridae 1839 [ Electra Nordmann, zostericola Tendra Cryptosulidae (Smittinidae) Lepralia 1803) [ (Moll, pallasiana Cryptosula (Schizoporellidae) Bitectiporidae ] Schizoporella 1841) [ (Hassall, linearis Schizomavella (Hincks, 1877) (Hincks, caudata ? Bowerbankia ] caudata 1855 [? B. Leidy, gracilis Bowerbankia (Adams, 1798) (Adams, imbricata Bowerbankia Saville Kent, 1870 Kent, Saville pavida Victorella Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 131 198, 249 198, 249 198, 249 References 247, 249, 252 249, 374, 389 141, 249, 252 141, 249, 252 141, 249, 252 223, 249, 392 91, 198, 319, 374 141, 249, 374, 389 141, 249, 374, 389 L, bt, 1‰ M, p, 12‰ L, bt, 3-6‰ L, bt, 3-6‰ L, bt, 3-6‰ M, bt, eb, ps M, bt, hb, pe M, bt, hb, pe L, bt, 0-10‰ Ecological data M, bt, eb, ps, pe M-B, bt, 8-16‰ M-B, bt, eb, ps-pe, s lm (k) (h) (k) (k) bam bapp neamal anamnp Zoogeo- amip, ? K graphical (hptn, ? sk) m, hom, ? lm -70 -70 (m) 0-100 30-70 Depth Depth 60-100 Distribution 84, 96 84, 96 84, 96 Horizontal 1-22, 27, 28 60, *68, 84, 92, 96 7, 11, 12, 17, 29, *69 7, 11, *69, *79, 84, *86, 88 Table 2. Continued Table 60, *68, *79, 84, *86, 88 1-22, 25-28, 35, 51, 69 Apodida Sagittidae Synaptidae Phoronidae Barentsiidae Plumatellidae Sagittoidea Cucumariidae PHORONIDA Plumatellida Fredericellidae Aphragmophora Holothuroidea Dendrochirotida CHAETOGNATHA Phylactolaemata ECHINODERMATA Coloniales (Urnatellida) Coloniales ENTOPROCTA (CAMPTOZOA) ENTOPROCTA (Linnaeus, 1758) repens Plumatella ] euxinicola Cori, 1889 [ Ph. psammophila Phoronis Taxa ] kowalewskii 1886) [ Arthropodoria (Foettinger, benedeni Barentsia ] euxinica 1847) [? Sagitta (Müller, setosa Parasagitta (Blumenbach, 1779) (Blumenbach, sultana Fredericella Allman, 1844 Allman, emarginata Plumatella Oka, 1907 Oka, casmiana Plumatella (Pallas, 1768) (Pallas, fungosa Plumatella – n. nudum] , ? C. orientalis 1868) [ Cucumaria (Heller, kirchsbergii Stereoderma – n. nudum] hispida 1776) [? Synapta Müller, F. (O. inhaerens Leptosynapta ] adratica 1815) [ Ostergrenia (Montagu, digitata Labidoplax ] 1865) [ Ostergrenia (Herapath, thompsoni ? Labidoplax 132 Zdravko Hubenov 198, 249 198, 249 298, 374 References 91, 389, 410 67, 249, 389 198, 249, 358 67, 84, 249, 374 84, 91, 249, 389 84, 91, 249, 295, 91, 198, 319, 389 67, 249, 295, 298 M, bt, eb M, bt, eh M, p, et, eh M, bt, hb, pe M, bt, hb, pe M, bt, ep, ps, ■ Ecological data M, bt, eb-hb, phs M, bt, mb-eb, phc M, bt, mb, sg, phc M, bt, ep-mb, slc, eu K lm lm ● p amip antamp m, hom amiswp Zoogeo- graphical amip, ? SK namp, ? SK (m) 0-60 20-50 17, 21 Depth Depth 20-175 25-100 20-120 15-100 Distribution 3, 7 2, 3 1-22, 24 26, 27, 28 Horizontal 1-22, 27, 28 5, 7, 69, *79 11, 13, 21, 22 11, 7, 11, 13, 29, 69 7, 11, 7, 25, 26, 27, 28 6-8, 11, 13, 16-21, 25 6-8, 11, Table 2. Continued Table ] Cionidae Copelata Ascidiidae Ophiurida Molgulidae Enterogona Ascidiacea CHORDATA Amphiuridae Leptocardii Oikopleuridae Ophiuroidea Amphioxiformes Stolidobranchia Branchiostomidae Styelidae (Botryllidae)Styelidae Larvacea (Appendicularia) Larvacea Taxa Djakonov, 1954 Djakonov, stepanovi Amphiura (Delle Chiaje, 1828) [ Amphiura (Delle Chiaje, squamata ? Amphipholis Drasche,1884 adriatica Eugyra ] 1877 [ Ctenicella Heller, appendiculata Molgula ] cophocerca 1872 [ O. Fol, dioica Oikopleura (Pallas, 1766) (Pallas, schlosseri Botryllus ?] , M. ompura 1884 [ M. impura Drasche, euprocta Molgula 1776) Müller, F. (O. aspersa Ascidiella ] 1774) [ Amphioxus (Pallas, lanceolatum Branchiostoma (Linnaeus, 1758) intestinalis Ciona Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 133

Species, which are distributed either in the northern Table 3. Taxonomic diversity of the invertebrate animals from or in the southern part of the coast (with 1 to 3 lo- the Bulgarian Black Sea calities), number 20-25%. Most of them are benthic Types Classes Orders Families Species forms that belong to poorly explored or rare taxa. A Porifera 2 6 13 23 part of recently reported Black Sea endemics could be added to this group as well. In most cases, the spe- Cnidaria 3 10 25 38 cies distribution is related to the level of study of the Ctenophora 2 3 3 4 corresponding coastal region. It can be seen under Plathelminthes 1 5 16 29 juxtaposition of the found species in localities (Table Nemertini 2 3 9 26 1). Three areas of good research are outlined (over Gastrotricha 1 2 6 13 200 species established). Firstly are the vicinities of Nematoda 2 8 34 112 Varna (601 species) where the investigations of the Cephalorhyncha 1 2 3 4 Black Sea began a centure ago. The popular resort Rotifera 1 4 22 121 centers – Nesebar, Pomorie, Burgas and Sozopol (220 Annelida 5 16 49 173 to 274 species) form an area of good research. Owing Tardigrada 2 3 5 5 to Bulgarian and Romanian specialists, the region of Arthropoda 4 28 199 802 Kaliakra Cape (230 species) is also well studied. Of Mollusca 3 20 65 152 coastal basins, the most studied (about 100 species Bryozoa 2 3 9 19 recorded) are the lakes Durankulak, Ezerets-Shabla, Phoronida 1 1 1 1 Beloslav, Varna, Pomorie, Atanasovsko, Burgas, Entoprocta 1 1 1 1 Mandra and the firth of Ropotamo River. The rich Chaetognatha 1 1 1 1 species composition of the lakes Varna and Beloslav Echinodermata 2 3 3 6 is changed after the connection with sea (1909 and Chordata 3 4 6 8 1923) and their transformation into ports (after Total 39 123 470 1537 1976). Fauna of the lakes Burgas (anthropogenic im- pact after 1960) and Mandra (dam since 1963) be- came considerably poor. Table 4. Distribution of the invertebrate animals by categories The Black Sea below the depths of 180-200 m according to depth (Note. Only marine and brackish species, is enriched with released H2S, which makes the real for which data are available, are included.) deep-sea life impossible. The groups of steno- (epi- Epi- Hypo- Meso- Eury- and hypo-), meso-, and eurybathic species are pre- Types sented. The vertical distribution is analyzed for 800 bathic bathic bathic bathic species (75.9%) – marine and marine-brackish forms, Porifera 2 4 9 according to available data (Table 4). Most species Cnidaria 7 1 2 10 are found from 0 to 25 m on sand (396 species) and Ctenophora 1 1 rocky (257 species) bottom. Plathelminthes 13 The most numerous are the stenoepibathic Nemertini 5 4 6 5 species (465 species – 58.1%). The inhabitants of Gastrotricha 4 the supralittoral zone, shallow coastal zone (to 5-10 Nematoda 21 14 11 29 m), as well as species, which reach the depth of 15- Cephalorhyncha 1 1 1 30 m and approach to mesobathic forms, belong to Rotifera 12 this group. An intermediate niche, closer to meso- Annelida 79 3 16 19 bathic forms, is occupied by some representatives Tardigrada 5 of the group, which reach higher depths. They are Arthropoda 239 21 36 74 presented in 16 types, of which the most numerous Mollusca 69 2 33 15 are the representatives of Arthropoda, Annelida and Bryozoa 5 1 3 Mollusca. Phoronida 1 The group of Eurybathic (168 species – 21.0%) Entoprocta 1 species includes Black Sea species, which are found Chaetognatha 1 in both little and great depths. Most eurybathic forms Echinodermata 3 3 reach the depth of 130-150 m. They are presented in Chordata 1 2 3 1 12 types, of which the representatives of Arthropoda, Total 465 52 115 168 Nematoda, Annelida and Mollusca predominate. 134 Zdravko Hubenov

The Mesobathic (115 species – 14.4%) species they are considered invasive species. According to reach the depth over 40 m in the Black Sea. Some Mordukhay-Boltovskoy (1960) the evolution of species could be considered stenomesobathic forms. the Caspian fauna gave rise to the origin of eurybi- They are presented in 10 types, of which the repre- ontic oligohaline and freshwater forms, which began sentatives of Arthropoda and Mollusca prevail. to acquire new habitats with their pervasion in Black The Stenohypobathic species are the smallest Sea. The “relicts” Dreissena polymorpha Pallas and D. group (52 species – 6.5%). They rarely could be found bugensis – one of the most invasive recent mollusk, at smaller depth up to 25 m and usually reach high- are a typical example. Recent data for the distribution est density below 60-120 m. They are presented in of many relict taxa (mainly in the latest electronic 10 types, of which the representatives of Arthropoda editions) contradict their relict nature. It has been es- and Nematoda predominate. Recently some species tablished that these taxa are widespread outside the of Nematoda, Polychaeta and Harpacticoida have Pontian-Caspian region. These may be invasive relict been estsblished in hypoxic habitats at depth below forms (a small number of species) or species with 200-250 m (Sergeeva & Zaika, 2013). uncleared distribution, accepted as relicts. The main Formation of the Black Sea fauna is portion of the Caspian relicts (41 species, or 3.9%) is connected with the origin of the Black Sea basin it- benthic brackish forms (38 species, or 92.7%). self. The Upper Miocene Sarmatian Sea (18-30‰, a The marine and marine-brackish forms descendant of Tethys) gave rise to the Pontian Sea- are divided into 162 zoogeographical (areographical) Lake, from which two separate basins were formed categories, combined into 4 main groups and 16 sub- later, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Initially, groups (Table 5). the Black Sea basin had been inhabited by fauna The main portion of the Black Sea fauna (740 similar to the Caspian one [Chaudian Sea (12-14‰) species, or 70.2 %) has an Atlantic–Mediterranean and Paleoeuxinian Sea (6-8‰)]. Then, it had been origin and represents the impoverished Atlantic- connected with the Mediterranean Sea and became Mediterranean fauna. As this fauna was becom- saline, so the Mediterranean fauna penetrated into ing impoverished, the stenobiotic Lusitanian- it, whereas the Caspian fauna retreated to the brack- Mediterranean species were eliminated, so this ish coastal parts [time of Uzunlar Sea (16‰) and category is defined by the eurybiontic forms, often Karangat Sea (22-30‰)]. Later, the connection with distributed along the European coast up to Scotland, the Mediterranean Sea had been severed, and the North Sea and Scandinavia. Thus an impression is brackish basin [the New Euxinian Sea (7‰)] origi- created of the atlantization of this fauna, manifested nated, where the Mediterranean fauna disappeared. differently in the various taxonomic groups, benthic Recently, 7000-8000 years ago, this basin had been and planktonic forms. The atlantization is poorly again connected with the Mediterranean Sea and presented in the planktonic forms (50 species, or its level increased. The marine fauna invaded it and 42.4%) and most presented in the benthic forms the current Black Sea had been formed (Mischev (712 species, or 72.8%). There is no a considerable & Popov, 1978; Shopov, 1993; Dimitrov et al., difference (in percentages) in the atlantization of the 1998; Evlogiev, 2009; Studencka & Jasionowski, marine (716 species, or 69.9%) and the brackish (101 2011). species, or 65.6%) species. Then, before the last glaciation, a connection A portion of the Arctic- and Antarctic-Atlantic with the Caspian basin arose (via Manych chan- (high-latitude boreal and antiboreal) species (43 nel), and Caspian interglacial immigrants invaded species, or 4.1%) is not presented in the Mediterranean the Black Sea (Mordukhay-Boltovskoy, 1960; Sea. Its percentage varies slightly as their number is Nevesskaya, 1965; Starobogatov, 1970; Shopov, insignificant in the brackish and planktonic forms. 1996). Most authors accept these species as Caspian The Arctic-North-Atlantic-, Arctic-Boreal-Atlantic- relicts (known also as Sarmatian, Pontian, Pontian- Mediterranean and circumeuropean species pre- Caspian, or autochthonous faunal elements). They dominate (total of 26 species, or 2.5%). Not all of the are concentrated mainly in the coastal lakes-firths Holatlantic and North Atlantic species (99 species, and the mouths of the Black Sea rivers and inhabit or 9.4%) are presented in Mediterranean Sea. The the freshwater and brackish basins. Part of them is marine and benthic forms prevail, of which the subfossils for the sea itself. The Caspian relicts usual- North-Atlantic-, Boreal-Atlantic- and Holatlantic- ly have Pontian or Pontian-Caspian ranges. Some of Mediterranean and Boreal Atlantic-Pontian species them have entered the river systems of Central and (total of 76 species, or 7.2%) predominate. Between Western Europe (spread to other continents) where the tropical- and subtropical Atlantic species (109 Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 135 species, or 10.3%), the Lusitanian-Mediterranean Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific forms are the forms (79 species, or 7.5%) predominate. The East most numerous (37 species). The number of North and Northeast Atlantic species are most numerous Atlantic-Indian-Pacific (15 species) and the tropical (251 species, or 23.8%). The main portion of them and subtropical Atlantic-Indian-Pacific (6 species) is the Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean (148 species, species is smaller. About 1/3 of the Cosmopolitan or 14.1%) and Celtic-Pontian (44 species, or 4.2%) forms have Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Indian- forms. The Mediterranean species (90 species, or Pacific distribution as the typical Cosmopolitans 8.5%) are poorly presented in the planktonic and and Subcosmopolitans (a total of 25 species, or brackish communities. Almost all Pontian-Caspian 2.4%) predominate. About 1/4 of the species with species (28 species, or 2.7%) are benthos and brack- Atlantic-Pacific type of distribution belong to ish (27 species, or 17.5%) forms. Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Pacific forms (23 species The Pontian species (Black Sea endemics) are – 2.2%). The Atlantic-Pacific species (97 species, or 118 (11.2%). The benthic (115 species, or 97.5%) and 9.2%) predominate, the main parts of which are with marine (114 species, or 96.6%) forms predominate. North and South Atlantic-, Hol- and North Atlantic- The brackish species (11 species, or 9.3%) most of- and North Atlantic-Pacific distribution (a total of ten are Caspian relicts. Some of the Pontian species is 73 species, or 6.9%). The Atlantic-Mediterranean- likely to be found in other seas under better research. Pacific species (14 species) are the most numerous. This refers mainly to the groups of Nematoda, A small number of Hol- and South Atlantic-, East Ostracoda and Copepoda which are well-studied and West Atlantic- and Tropical and Subtropical in the Black Sea. The most Black Sea endemic spe- Atlantic-Pacific species (a total of 24 species, or cies are concentrated in several groups – Porifera, 2.3%) occur as well. Most forms with Atlantic- Nemertini, Nematoda, Rotifera, Ostracoda and Indian type of distribution include Hol- and North Copepoda. Many endemic forms, known from pre- Atlantic-Indian and East and Northeast Atlantic- vious data, are brought to synonyms or downgraded Indian species (a total of 61 species, or 5.8%). The to subspecies today. Thus there are no data on the North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian and Celtic- Black Sea endemic species in the recent malacologi- Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Indian species (7 species cal literature, of which there were more in the old each) are the most numerous. Seven tropical and literature [Kaneva-Abadjieva (1960a) recorded 24 subtropical Atlantic-Indian and 4 Arctic-Antarctic- species endemic mollusks from the Bulgarian Black Atlantic-Indian forms occur as well. Sea coast]. Many species have changed after their The freshwater-brackish, freshwater penetration into the Black Sea; they are described as and terrestrial forms, connected with water, new taxa. An interesting example is the hermit-crab recorded from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, are di- Clibanarius erythropus. Because of the lack of large vided into 80 zoogeographical categories, combined mollusks in the Black Sea, it was forced to use the into 2 main groups and 5 subgroups (Table 6). shells of snails of the genus Gibbula and greatly re- Species distributed in Palaearctic and beyond duces its size (became known as C. misanthropus). it. This group (296 species, or 58.3%) includes 36 With the appearance of Rapana venossa in Black Sea, zoogeographical categories, of which 29 combine the crab begins to use large shells and again reaches species of Northern type (widely distributed in the normal size for crabs in Mediterranean Sea. Holarctic or Palaearctic) and 7 – species of Southern The number of forms with Cosmopolitan (121 type (distributed only in southern Palaearctic. This species – 11.5%), Atlantic-Pacific (120 species – group is important for the zoogeography of the 11.4%) and Atlantic-Indian (72 species – 6.8%) type coastal fauna because of its great species diversity. It of distribution is considerably smaller than the forms is connected with the typical for the sea coasts natu- of Atlantic type. They predominate as species com- ral habitats, optimum for the development of its rep- position in the marine and benthic species but their resentatives and is poorly presented in the interior. percentage is highest in the plankton forms (from 8.5 The difference among the brackish, freshwater and to 28.0%). The differences in the percentages are not terrestrial forms is from 8.7% to 37.0% (from 74 to big for the benthic, marine and brackish forms (from 271 species). The species of northern type have vast 5 to 11%) with the exception of the brackish Atlantic- areas and ecological flexibility. The Cosmopolitan, Pacific species (18.2%). Most Cosmopolitan forms Subcosmopolitan and Holarctic species (a total of (2/3) have Atlantic-Indian-Pacific distribution. The 184 species, or 36.2%) are the most numerous. These Holatlantic- and East Atlantic-Indian-Pacific species species, except the Holarctic forms, are almost not (58 species, or 5.5%) predominate, of which the presented in the terrestrial forms. In the brackish 136 Zdravko Hubenov % 0.65 1.30 0.65 4.54 1.30 3.25 7.14 4.54 0.65 6.49 11.69 Brakish 1 2 1 7 2 5 7 1 11 18 10 number % 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.29 0.49 0.19 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.29 0.19 0.39 0.29 0.09 0.39 0.19 3.52 0.39 0.59 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.98 1.47 7.53 4.10 0.59 1.37 5.58 11.63 Marine 1 1 1 3 5 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 2 4 3 1 4 2 4 6 1 1 2 6 36 10 15 77 42 14 57 119 number % 0.85 0.85 0.85 1.69 0.85 0.85 4.24 5.93 0.85 1.69 10.17 15.25 21.19 12.71 Plankton 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 7 1 2 12 18 25 15 number % 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.51 0.20 0.10 0.31 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.31 0.20 0.41 0.31 0.10 0.20 0.10 3.17 0.41 0.61 0.10 0.10 0.20 1.02 1.02 7.05 3.68 1.53 0.51 5.01 10.74 Benthos 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 4 3 1 2 1 4 6 1 1 2 5 31 10 10 69 36 15 49 105 number % 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.28 0.47 0.19 0.09 0.28 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.28 0.19 0.38 0.28 0.09 0.38 0.19 3.51 0.95 0.38 0.57 0.09 0.09 0.19 1.42 7.49 3.98 1.42 0.57 5.50 11.48 Total 1 1 1 3 5 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 2 4 3 1 4 2 4 6 1 1 2 6 37 10 15 79 42 15 58 121 number Zoogeographical characteristic of the marine and brackish Invertebrate fauna from the Bulgarian Black Sea Black the Bulgarian coast from fauna Invertebrate brackish and the marine of 5. Zoogeographical characteristic Table Y PE Pontian-Indo-New Zealand (pinz) Pontian-Indo-New Mediterranean-Indo-West Pacific (miwp) Pacific Mediterranean-Indo-West Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Indo-West Pacific (lmwiwp) Pacific Indo-West Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-New Zealand (naminz) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-New North North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Malayan (namim) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Malayan North North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-West Pacific (namiwp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-West North East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Southwest Pacific (eamiswp) Pacific East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Southwest Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-New Zealand (aminz) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-New Circum[sub]tropical (cst) Circum[sub]tropical North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific (namip) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific North East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific (eamip) East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea-Pacific (amrsp) Sea-Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Northwest Pacific (aminwp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Northwest Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-North Pacific (aminp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Southwest Pacific (amiswp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Southwest Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-West Pacific (amiwp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-West Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific (amip) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific Zoogeographical taxa the used main scheme and of categories Tropical and Subtropical Atlantic-Indian-Pacific and Subtropical Tropical North Atlantic-Indian-Pacific North Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific (aanamip) Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific (aamip) Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific (aaminp) Pacific Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-North (anamip) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific Arctic-North (anaminp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-North Arctic-North Hol- and East Atlantic-Indian-Pacific and East Hol- Antarctic-Pontian-Indo-Pacific (anpip) Antarctic-Pontian-Indo-Pacific Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific (antamip) Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific Subcosmopolitan (SK) Subcosmopolitan Cosmopolitan (K) Cosmopolitan Atlantic-Indian-Pacific COSMOPOLITAN T COSMOPOLITAN Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Indian-Pacific Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 137 % 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 4.54 4.54 1.30 1.30 1.95 Brakish 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 2 2 3 number % 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.49 0.59 0.59 0.09 0.39 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.49 0.09 0.29 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 6.45 6.84 0.39 2.44 0.68 3.32 Marine 2 1 1 5 6 6 1 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 7 66 70 25 34 number % 1.69 0.85 2.54 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 8.47 8.47 2.54 4.24 1.69 Plankton 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 5 2 10 10 number % 0.10 0.10 0.51 0.51 0.72 0.10 0.41 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.61 0.10 0.31 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 6.44 6.85 0.41 2.56 3.37 0.51 Benthos 1 1 5 5 7 1 4 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 6 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 5 63 67 25 33 number % 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.47 0.57 0.66 0.09 0.38 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.57 0.09 0.28 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 6.45 6.83 0.38 2.37 4.42 0.66 Total 2 1 1 5 6 7 1 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 6 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 7 68 72 25 36 number Table 5. Continued Table Y PE North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea (namrs) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red North North Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Indian (namwi) Indian Atlantic-Mediterranean-West North North Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast Indian (napnei) Indian Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast North North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian (namnei) Indian Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast North North Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Indian (namni) Indian Atlantic-Mediterranean-North North East Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Indian (eamwi) Indian East Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea (amrs) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Mediterranean-Red Sea (mrs) Mediterranean-Red Mediterranean-North Indian (mni) Indian Mediterranean-North Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian (lmnei) Indian Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northeast Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Indian (lmwi) Indian Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian-West Indian (lmmwi) Indian Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian-West Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Indian (lmi) Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Indian Atlantic-Pontian-Indian (api) Atlantic-Pontian-Indian Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-New Zealand (neaminz) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-New Northeast North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian (nami) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian North East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian (eami) East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Indian (amwi) Indian Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian (amnei) Indian Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Indian (amni) Indian Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian (ami) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea-Northeast Pacific (namrsnep) Pacific Sea-Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red North Zoogeographical taxa the used main scheme and of categories Tropical and Subtropical Atlantic-Indian and Subtropical Tropical East and Northeast Atlantic-Indian and Northeast East Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian (aami) Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian (aamni) Indian Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Sea (anamrs) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Arctic-North Hol- and North Atlantic-Indian and North Hol- Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian (antami) Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian Atlantic-Indian ATLANTIC-INDIAN T ATLANTIC-INDIAN Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Indian 138 Zdravko Hubenov % 0.65 1.30 1.30 0.65 0.65 1.95 1.95 16.23 18.18 Brakish 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 25 28 number % 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.29 0.09 0.09 0.59 0.09 0.09 0.09 1.37 0.09 0.09 0.29 0.29 0.09 0.49 0.39 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.09 0.19 0.49 0.68 0.19 0.09 9.27 2.25 0.68 2.54 11.53 Marine 1 2 1 3 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 5 4 1 2 2 1 2 5 7 2 1 7 14 95 23 26 118 number % 1.69 0.85 2.54 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 1.69 3.39 0.85 5.08 24.58 27.97 Plankton 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 6 29 33 number % 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.31 0.10 0.10 0.41 0.10 0.10 1.33 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.31 0.41 0.20 0.41 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.51 0.72 0.20 0.10 7.57 9.61 2.04 0.61 2,25 Benthos 1 2 1 3 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 2 4 1 2 1 2 5 7 2 1 6 13 74 94 20 22 number % 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.28 0.09 0.09 0.57 0.09 0.09 0.09 1.33 0.09 0.09 0.28 0.28 0.09 0.38 0.19 0.47 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.19 0.47 0.66 0.19 0.09 0.66 9.20 2.18 2.47 11.38 Total 1 2 1 3 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 4 2 5 1 2 1 2 5 7 2 1 7 14 97 23 26 120 number Table 5. Continued Table Y PE Mediterranean-Mauritanian-Guinean-Tasmanian (mmgt) Mediterranean-Mauritanian-Guinean-Tasmanian Mediterranean-Japonic (mj) Mediterranean-Japonic Atlantic-Mediterranean-Japonic (amj) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Japonic Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Pacific (bapp) Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Pacific Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Pacific (lmwp) Pacific Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Pacific (amnep) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific (namp) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific North Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Pacific (amnp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Celtic-Pontian-Northeast Indian (cpnei) Indian Celtic-Pontian-Northeast Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian (clmnei) Indian Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northeast Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northwest Indian (clmnwi) Indian Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northwest Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Indian (clmwi) Indian Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Indian (clmi) Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Indian East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea (eamrs) East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Indian (eamswi) Indian East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific (amp) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific Zoogeographical taxa the used main scheme and of categories Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific (aamswp) Pacific Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Tropical and Subtropical Atlantic-Pacific and Subtropical Tropical Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Pacific (abambp) Pacific Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Hol- and North Atlantic-Pacific and North Hol- Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Pacific (anamnep) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Arctic-North Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific (anamp) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific Arctic-North (anamnp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Arctic-North Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific (antamp) Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific Arctic-Celtic-Mediterranean-New Zealand (acmnz) Arctic-Celtic-Mediterranean-New Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast Pacific (abapnep) Pacific Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Boreal Pacific (abapbp) Pacific Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Boreal Arctic-North Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast Pacific (anapnep) Pacific Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast Arctic-North Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Pacific (aanambp) Pacific Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Atlantic-Pacific ATLANTIC-PACIFIC T ATLANTIC-PACIFIC Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Pacific Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 139 % 1.30 0.65 1.30 1.30 0.65 0.65 0.65 1.30 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 3.25 9.74 0.65 Brakish 2 1 2 2 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 1 15 number % 0.09 0.39 0.09 0.39 0.09 0.29 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.78 0.39 0.29 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.29 0.78 0.88 2.64 1.76 Marine 1 4 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 8 4 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 8 9 27 18 number % 1.69 0.85 2.54 1.69 4.24 1.69 1.69 0.85 0.85 3.39 5.08 10.17 Plankton 2 1 3 2 5 2 2 1 1 4 6 12 number % 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.41 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.31 0.61 0.41 1.74 1.94 Benthos 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 6 4 17 19 number % 0.09 0.38 0.09 0.38 0.09 0.28 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.85 0.38 0.28 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.28 0.76 0.85 2.66 1.80 Total 1 4 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 9 4 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 8 9 28 19 number Table 5. Continued Table Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Zealand (amnz) Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Atlantic-Pontian-Southwest Pacific (apswp) Pacific Atlantic-Pontian-Southwest Celtic-Lusitanian-Pontian-New Zealand (clpnz) Celtic-Lusitanian-Pontian-New Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-New Zealand (clmnz) Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-New Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Zealand (neamnz) Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Northeast Carolinian-Celtic-Pontian-New Zealand (cacpnz) Carolinian-Celtic-Pontian-New North Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Zealand (namnz) Atlantic-Mediterranean-New North Pontian-Northeast Pacific (pnep) Pacific Pontian-Northeast Celtic-Pontian-Japonic (cpj) Celtic-Pontian-Japonic Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-Japonic (neamj) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Japonic Northeast Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-Aleutian (neamal) Atlantic-Mediterranean-Aleutian Northeast East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific (eamp) East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific (amswp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Circumboreal-Mediterranean-Australian (cbma) Circumboreal-Mediterranean-Australian Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific (neamswp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Northeast Circumboreal-Mediterranean (cbm) Circumboreal-Mediterranean Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Boreal Pacific (bapbp) Pacific Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Boreal Mediterranean-New Zealand (mnz) Mediterranean-New Lusitanian-Mediterranean-New Zealand (lmnz) Lusitanian-Mediterranean-New Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific (bamswp) Pacific Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific (namswp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest North North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southeast Pacific (namsep) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southeast North Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Pacific (neamnp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Northeast North Atlantic-Mediterranean-South Pacific (namsp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-South North Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Pacific (bamnep) Pacific Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Pacific (namnep) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast North Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Pacific (bambp) Pacific Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal North Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Pacific (namnp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-North North Zoogeographical taxa the used main scheme and of categories East and West Atlantic-Pacific and West East Hol- and SouthHol- Atlantic-Pacific North and South Atlantic-Pacific North North Atlantic-Pacific North 140 Zdravko Hubenov % 0.65 1.95 0.65 1.95 0.65 1.95 0.65 0.65 3.25 3.25 8.44 62.34 65.58 Brakish 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 5 5 96 13 101 number % 0.39 0.09 0.39 0.09 1.27 2.25 0.09 0.49 2.64 0.68 0.09 0.39 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.29 0.19 0.68 0.09 4.11 0.09 1.07 0.49 0.39 1.17 0.09 4.11 9.58 65.88 69.99 Marine 4 1 4 1 1 5 7 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 7 1 4 1 5 4 1 13 23 27 11 12 42 98 674 716 number % 0.85 1.69 2.54 1.69 1.69 0.85 0.85 1.69 2.54 1.69 5.93 6.78 36.44 42.37 Plankton 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 2 7 8 43 50 number % 0.41 0.10 0.41 0.10 1.33 2.25 0.10 0.51 2.56 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.72 0.20 0.10 0.31 0.31 0.20 0.10 0.41 0.10 0.72 1.12 0.51 0.20 1.23 0.10 4.19 9.71 68.61 72.80 Benthos 4 1 4 1 1 5 1 1 1 7 2 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 7 5 2 1 13 22 25 11 12 41 95 671 712 number % 0.38 0.09 0.38 0.09 1.23 2.18 0.09 0.47 2.56 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.66 0.19 0.09 0.38 0.28 0.19 0.09 0.38 1.14 0.09 0.66 0.47 0.38 1.23 0.09 4.08 9.39 66.13 70.20 Total 4 1 4 1 1 5 1 2 1 1 7 1 4 3 2 1 4 1 7 5 4 1 13 23 27 12 13 43 99 697 740 number Table 5. Continued Table Y PE Caribbean-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean (kclm) Caribbean-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean Carolinian-Celtic-Pontian (ccp) Carolinian-Celtic-Pontian Carolinian-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean (cclm) Carolinian-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean Virginian-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean (vclm) Virginian-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean Boreal Atlantic-Pontian (bap) Boreal Atlantic-Pontian Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean (bam) Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean Boreal-Antiboreal Atlantic-Pontian (baap) Atlantic-Pontian Boreal-Antiboreal North Atlantic-Pontian (nap) Atlantic-Pontian North North Atlantic-Mediterranean (nam) Atlantic-Mediterranean North Atlantic-Pontian (ap) Atlantic-Pontian North Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Pacific (namwp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-West North Atlantic-Mediterranean (am) Atlantic-Mediterranean Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Pacific (amwp) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Holatlantic-Mediterranean (ham) Holatlantic-Mediterranean Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-East Pacific (neamep) Pacific Atlantic-Mediterranean-East Northeast Zoogeographical taxa the used main scheme and of categories Antarctic-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean (anclm) Antarctic-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean Arctic-Celtic-Pontian (acp) Arctic-Celtic-Pontian (cem) Circumeuropean-Mauritanian (ce) Circumeuropean Arctic-Circumeuropean-Mauritanian (acem) Arctic-Circumeuropean-Mauritanian (ace) Arctic-Circumeuropean Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian (abap) Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian Arctic-Antarctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean (aannam) Atlantic-Mediterranean Arctic-Antarctic-North (aam) Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean (anam) Atlantic-Mediterranean Arctic-North (anap) Atlantic-Pontian Arctic-North (abam) Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean Hol- and North Atlantic and North Hol- Atlantic ATLANTIC T ATLANTIC Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 141 % 7.14 0.65 1.95 1.95 1.30 3.25 0.65 5.84 5.84 17.53 13.64 24.67 14.62 27.27 20.78 Brakish 1 3 3 2 5 1 9 9 11 27 21 38 42 32 154 number % 1.56 0.19 1.27 0.98 0.29 0.29 0.88 2.74 2.25 4.20 0.19 0.59 1.27 2.54 0.09 0.98 7.62 0.09 1.07 0.49 0.09 0.49 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.09 2.05 11.14 14.37 97.15 21.60 24.14 10.56 Marine 2 3 3 9 2 6 1 1 5 1 5 1 2 2 1 16 13 10 28 23 43 13 26 10 78 21 11 114 147 221 247 108 1023 number % 4.24 1.69 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 2.54 0.85 4.24 5.93 0.85 4.24 1.69 0.85 3.39 9.32 6.78 11.21 13.56 Plankton 5 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 4 7 1 5 2 1 8 11 16 118 number % 2.76 0.20 1.43 1.02 0.31 0.31 0.92 2.86 2.25 4.29 0.10 0.61 1.23 2.66 0.10 1.02 7.57 0.10 0.82 0.51 0.10 0.41 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 3.99 11.76 15.03 92.88 23.82 24.94 10.12 Benthos 2 3 3 9 1 6 1 1 8 5 1 4 1 2 1 1 27 14 10 28 22 42 12 26 10 74 39 99 115 147 978 233 244 number % 2.66 0.19 1.33 0.95 0.28 0.28 0.85 2.66 2.18 4.17 0.19 0.57 1.42 2.47 0.09 0.95 7.49 0.09 1.04 0.47 0.09 0.47 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.09 3.89 11.19 14.04 22.58 23.81 10.34 Total 2 3 3 9 2 6 1 1 5 1 5 1 2 2 1 28 14 10 28 23 44 15 26 10 79 41 11 118 148 238 251 109 1054 number Table 5. Continued Table Total Lusitanian-Pontian (lp) Lusitanian-Pontian Lusitanian-Mediterranean (lm) Lusitanian-Mediterranean Lusitanian-Mediterranean-South African (lmsa) Lusitanian-Mediterranean-South Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian (lmm) Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian-Guinean (lmmg) Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian-Guinean Caribbean-Mediterranean-Mauritanian (kmm) Caribbean-Mediterranean-Mauritanian Caribbean-Lusitanian-Mediterranean (klm) Caribbean-Lusitanian-Mediterranean Carolinian-Lusitanian-Pontian (calp) Carolinian-Lusitanian-Pontian Carolinian-Lusitanian-Mediterranean (calm) Carolinian-Lusitanian-Mediterranean Virginian-Carolinian-Caribbean (vck) Virginian-Carolinian-Caribbean Tropical Atlantic-Mediterranean (tam) Atlantic-Mediterranean Tropical Pontian (p) Pontian Pontian-Caspian (pc) Pontian-Caspian Pontian-Caspian-Aral (pca) Pontian-Caspian-Aral Aegean-Pontian (ep) Aegean-Pontian Adriatic-Pontian (adp) Adriatic-Pontian Adriatic-Aegean-Pontian (adep) Adriatic-Aegean-Pontian North Mediterranean (nm) Mediterranean North East Mediterranean (em) East Mediterranean Mediterranean (m) Mediterranean Holomediterranean (hom) Holomediterranean Celtic-Pontian (cp) Celtic-Pontian Celtic-Pontian-Caspian (cpc) Celtic-Pontian-Caspian Celtic-Mediterranean (cm) Celtic-Mediterranean Celtic-Lusitanian-Pontian (clp) Celtic-Lusitanian-Pontian Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean (clm) Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian (clmm) Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian East Atlantic-Mediterranean (eam) East Atlantic-Mediterranean Zoogeographical taxa the used main scheme and of categories Caspian relict Caspian Mediterranean-Pontian-Caspian East and Northeast Atlantic and Northeast East Tropical and Subtropical Atlantic and Subtropical Tropical 142 Zdravko Hubenov communities, the Holarctic species are poorly repre- ographical categories with different origin, distri- sented (17 species). The species of southern type are bution and ecological peculiarities. It includes from best represented in the terrestrial forms (11 species, 7.7% to 28.4% (19-57 species) of the brackish, fresh- or 5.5%). The presence of this group in different taxa water and terrestrial forms. The group is best repre- depends on whether they include highly mobile and sented in terrestrial forms and poorly represented in widely distributed forms or combine less mobile freshwater forms. The endemics (11 species – 2.2%) and more closely connected with certain conditions are poorly represented – their number varies from species. In the latter case, more important are the spe- 4 to 7 species. More are the regional endemics that cific natural habitats to which species are adapted. have been found in the terrestrial forms. The specific Species distributed only in Palaearctic but in conditions along the coast do not favor the formation more than one subregion (Palaearctic type). A total of endemic taxa, which mostly are newly described of 79 species (15.5%) that belong to this group, com- forms or rare species with unclear distribution. The bined into 11 zoogeographical categories, has been only local endemic (Hauffenia lucidula) is a creno- established along the coast. The group includes from biontic species of the family Hydrobiidae – 95.5% 8.1% to 25.9% (from 14 to 65 species) of the brackish, of the species of this group are freshwater endemic freshwater and terrestrial forms. Its character is de- forms. termined by Transpalaearctic, West Palaearctic, West Zooplankton. It includes representatives and Central Palaearctic and Holopalaearctic species of Protozoa, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Rotifera, (a total of 63 species, or 12.4%) that are the most nu- Annelida (larvae), Arthropoda, Mollusca (larvae) and merous. This correlation remains almost the same Chordata (Valkanov, Dimov & Naidenov, 1978; and varies from 1.9% to 8.5% (from 4 to 18 species) Konsulov, 1991, 1998; Konsulov & Konsulova, in the freshwater and terrestrial forms. In brackish 1993, 1998). In regard to species diversity, the forms the group is poorly presented – from 0.6% Black Sea zooplankton is characterized as poor (in to 2.3% (from 1 to 4 species). The number of the comparison with the Mediterranean Sea). According European-North African species (from 3 to 5 species to thermal conditions in the water mass the zoo- in the group) varies insignificantly. Two species have plankton is divided to thermophilic, eurythermic a longitudinal disjunction of their areas that includes and cryophilic. The thermophilic representatives are parts of Siberia and Central Asia (Table 2). found mainly in surface water layers to 25 m. The Species distributed within one subregion of cryophilic and eurythermic forms dominate below Palaearctic. This group (126 species, or 24.8%) in- the zone of thermowedge. The vertical distribution cludes species with Eurosiberian and Mediterranean depends on the oxygen penetrating in the depth (100- type of distribution. The Mediterranean-Central 175 m). The zooplankters have a specific distribution Asian species are also included here according according to seasons and depth, which is determined to many authors who combine Mediterranean by their temperature and trophic requirements. The and Central Asian subregions. The species with eurythermic forms occur throughout the year as they Mediterranean type of distribution are accepted in a are not influenced by temperature. The cryophilic general way and include elements (Submediterranean, forms occur in all depths in winter and fall below 50- Subiranian, and Pontian), that could be consid- 60 m in summer. The thermophilic forms are found ered separately as well (Gruev & Kusmanov, 1994, mainly in summer and disappear in winter. The bot- 1999; Gruev 1995, 2000). The Eurosiberian spe- tom larvaton (meroplankton) is of great importance cies are 55 (10.8%), of which the European species for species diversity of the benthic fauna. It is repre- (31 species, or 6.1%) are the most numerous. They sented by Mollusca – veliger, Cyripedia – nauplius are combined into 9 zoogeographical categories and and cypris, Polychaeta – larvae, Pisces ova and lar- include from 6.9% to 11.5% (from 12 to 48 species) vae. The average annual biomass of the zooplankton of the brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms. The in front of the Bulgarian coast is 74.25 mg/m3 and Eurosiberian species are best represented in freshwa- varies by seasons: in winter – 27 mg/m3, in spring – ter forms and poorly represented in brackish forms. 77 mg/m3, in summer – 135 mg/m3 and in autumn Thirty-six species have European distribution only, – 48 mg/m3 (Valkanov, Dimov & Naidenov, 1978). of which 31 are wide-spread in Europe and 5 – in After 10 years, these values ​​are lower. The average its separate regions (Central and South Europe). The annual spring biomass of zooplankton in the coastal Mediterranean species are 71 (13.9%), of which the zone is highest in front of Cape Galata (72.58 mg/ Holomediterranean species (19 species – 3.7%) are m3), lower in front of Cape Kaliakra (58.79 mg/m3) most numerous. This group combines 24 zooge- and the lowest in front of Cape Emine (35.39 mg/ Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 143 % 0.99 0.99 0.50 0.99 0.50 2.98 0.50 0.50 0.99 0.50 1.99 0.99 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.99 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.99 11.44 31.34 36.81 Terrestrial 2 2 1 2 1 6 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 23 63 74 number % 0.48 0.24 0.24 0.48 0.24 2.16 1.92 0.24 0.48 0.48 0.72 0.24 1.68 1.20 1.20 0.72 0.72 0.96 1.20 0.48 1.68 0.72 0.72 0.24 0.96 9.37 15.14 17.79 62.98 65.14 Freshwater 2 1 1 2 1 9 8 1 2 2 3 1 7 5 5 3 3 4 5 2 7 3 3 1 4 63 39 74 262 271 number % 9.88 0.58 1.74 1.16 0.58 0.58 1.16 1.74 1.74 0.58 0.58 1.16 1.74 2.32 0.58 1.16 1.16 12.79 31.40 73.25 73.84 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 4 1 2 2 17 22 54 126 127 Brakish (rare marine) (rare Brakish number % 0.39 0.59 0.20 0.39 0.20 1.77 1.57 0.20 0.39 0.59 0.39 0.39 1.57 1.38 0.98 0.59 0.59 0.98 1.18 0.59 1.57 0.59 0.59 0.39 0.98 8.07 13.39 14.76 55.51 58.27 Total 2 3 1 2 1 9 8 1 2 3 2 2 8 7 5 3 3 5 6 3 8 3 3 2 5 68 41 75 282 296 number Zoogeographical characteristic of the brackish, freshwater and terrestrial Invertebrate fauna from the Bulgarian Black Sea Black the Bulgarian coast from fauna terrestrial Invertebrate and freshwater the brackish, of 6. Zoogeographical characteristic Table Holarctic (h) Holarctic West Palearctic-Oriental (wpo) Palearctic-Oriental West West Palearctic-Afrotropical (wpat) Palearctic-Afrotropical West West and Central Palaearctic-Oriental (wcpo) Central Palaearctic-Oriental and West Transpalaearctic-Oriental (tpo) Transpalaearctic-Oriental West Palearctic-Paleotropical (wppt) Palearctic-Paleotropical West Palearctic-Oriental (po) Palearctic-Oriental Palearctic-Afrotropical (pat) Palearctic-Afrotropical Palearctic-Paleotropical (ppt) Palearctic-Paleotropical Palearctic-Oriental-Australian (poa) Palearctic-Oriental-Australian Palearctic-Paleotropical-Australian (ppta) Palearctic-Paleotropical-Australian (pata) Palearctic-Afrotropical-Australian Holarctic-Australian (ha) Holarctic-Australian Holarctic-Oriental (ho) Holarctic-Oriental Holarctic-Afrotropical (hat) Holarctic-Afrotropical Holarctic-Neotropical (hn) Holarctic-Neotropical Holarctic-Oriental-Australian (hoa) Holarctic-Oriental-Australian Holarctic-Afrotropical-Australian (hata) Holarctic-Afrotropical-Australian Holarctic-Neotropical-Australian (hna) Holarctic-Neotropical-Australian Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical (hnat) Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical-Australian (hnata) Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical-Australian Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental (hno) Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental-Australian (hnoa) Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental-Australian Holarctic-Paleotropical (hpt) Holarctic-Paleotropical Holarctic-Paleotropical-Australian (hpta) Holarctic-Paleotropical-Australian Holarctic-Paleotropical-Neotropical (hptn) Holarctic-Paleotropical-Neotropical Subcosmopolitan (sk) Subcosmopolitan Cosmopolitan (k) Cosmopolitan Northern type Northern Zoogeographical taxa main the usedand scheme of categories Species distributed in Palaearctic and out of it of out and in Palaearctic Species distributed 144 Zdravko Hubenov % 3.98 0.99 0.50 0.99 1.49 8.95 2.49 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 4.97 5.47 8.46 1.99 0.99 1.49 0.99 0.99 0.50 0.50 5.47 0.50 25.87 63.18 Terrestrial 8 2 1 2 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 18 10 11 17 52 11 127 number % 6.25 0.24 0.24 1.20 0.48 1.20 0.72 0.72 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.48 0.24 0.24 3.36 3.12 4.33 2.40 0.48 0.48 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.48 2.16 11.54 15.62 34.85 Freshwater 1 1 5 2 5 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 9 26 48 14 13 18 10 65 145 number % 5.23 0.58 0.58 0.58 6.98 2.32 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 1.16 1.16 0.58 0.58 8.14 0.58 0.58 26.16 9 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 12 14 45 Brakish (rare marine) (rare Brakish number % 6.10 0.20 0.20 1.18 0.39 1.38 0.39 1.18 0.39 0.20 0.20 0.59 0.20 0.39 3.54 2.76 4.13 1.97 0.39 0.59 0.20 0.59 0.39 0.20 0.39 2.76 0.20 10.83 15.55 40.35 Total Table 6. Continued Table 1 1 6 2 7 2 6 2 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 1 2 1 31 55 18 14 21 10 79 14 205 number European (e) European Central and Southeast European-Anatolian (cseea) European-Anatolian Southeast Central and European-Anatolian (ean) European-Anatolian West Eurosiberian (wes) Eurosiberian West West Eurosiberian-Anatolian (wesa) Eurosiberian-Anatolian West West and Central Eurosiberian (wces) Central Eurosiberian and West Holoeurosiberian (hoes) Holoeurosiberian European-North African (ena) European-North European-Turanian (et) European-Turanian European-Iran-Тuranian (eit) European-Iran-Тuranian European-West Central Asian (ewca) Central Asian European-West European-Central Asian (eca) Asian European-Central Eurosiberian-Central Asian (esca) Asian Eurosiberian-Central Disjunct Palaearctic (dp) Palaearctic Disjunct West Palaearctic (wp) Palaearctic West West and Central Palaearctic (wcp) Central Palaearctic and West Transpalaearctic (tp) Transpalaearctic Holopalaearctic (hop) Holopalaearctic Oriental-Mediterranean (om) Oriental-Mediterranean Oriental-Mediterranean-Central Asian (omca) Asian Oriental-Mediterranean-Central Oriental-Mediterranean-Central Asian-Australian (omcaa) Asian-Australian Oriental-Mediterranean-Central Afrotropical-Mediterranean (atm) Afrotropical-Mediterranean Paleotropical-Mediterranean (ptm) Paleotropical-Mediterranean Paleotropical-Mediterranean-Central Asian (ptmca) Asian Paleotropical-Mediterranean-Central Paleotropical-South Palearctic (ptsp) Palearctic Paleotropical-South European-Australian (ea) European-Australian Eurosiberian type Eurosiberian Palaearctic type Palaearctic South type Zoogeographical taxa main the usedand scheme of categories Species with Palaearctic distribution Species with Palaearctic Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 145 % 1.99 0.50 0.99 0.99 1.99 1.99 0.50 1.49 0.50 1.99 1.49 7.96 0.99 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.99 2.49 0.50 0.50 40.12 28.36 Terrestrial 4 1 2 2 4 4 1 3 1 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 5 1 1 16 57 201 number % 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.72 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.48 0.24 2.40 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.48 0.72 7.69 0.96 0.24 83.03 Freshwater 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 10 32 416 number % 1.16 0.58 1.74 0.58 0.58 1.16 0.58 0.58 0.58 1.74 1.16 0.58 34.33 11.05 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 19 172 Brakish (rare marine) (rare Brakish number % 0.20 0.79 0.20 0.39 0.59 0.59 0.98 0.79 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.59 0.20 0.79 0.59 3.74 0.39 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.59 0.98 0.79 0.20 13.98 Total Table 6. Continued Table 1 4 1 2 3 3 5 4 1 1 1 1 3 1 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 5 4 2 19 71 508 number Total Local (El) endemic Bulgarian Regional Bulgarian endemic (Er) endemic Regional Bulgarian Bulgarian endemic (Ebg) endemic Bulgarian Balkan (Eb) endemic Pontian endemic (Ep) endemic Pontian Pontomediterranean (pm) Pontomediterranean Northeast Mediterranean (nem) Mediterranean Northeast East Mediterranean (em) East Mediterranean Southeast European-Anatolian (seea) European-Anatolian Southeast (see) European Southeast Southeast European-Pontian (seep) European-Pontian Southeast Southeast European-Pontian-Caspian (seepc) European-Pontian-Caspian Southeast South European (se) European South Atlantic-South European (ase) European Atlantic-South North Mediterranean (nm) Mediterranean North Atlantomediterranean (am) Atlantomediterranean Holomediterranean (hom) Holomediterranean Central and South European-North African (csena) European-North South Central and Central and Southeast European-Iran-Тuranian (cseeit) European-Iran-Тuranian Southeast Central and Northeast Mediterranean-Iran-Тuranian (nemit) Mediterranean-Iran-Тuranian Northeast East Mediterranean-Central Asian (emca) Asian East Mediterranean-Central North Mediterranean-West Central Asian (nmwca) Central Asian Mediterranean-West North Mediterranean-West Central Asian (mwca) Central Asian Mediterranean-West Mediterranean-Central Asian (mca) Asian Mediterranean-Central Central and Southeast European (csee) European Southeast Central and Central and South European (cse) European South Central and Mediterranean type Mediterranean Zoogeographical taxa main the usedand scheme of categories 146 Zdravko Hubenov m3). In the autumn zooplankton, almost all summer Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998; Revkov et zooplankters are established but with lower average al., 2008). value of the biomass (36.13 mg/m3) in comparison Rocky supralittoral. A characteristic species with the summer value (102.10 mg/m3). The high- are Chthamalus stellatus, Melarhaphe neritoides and est average value of the autumn biomass (78.17 mg/ Ligia italica, found up to 2-3 m above the water on m3) is recorded in coastal waters east of Cape Galata the rocks. The highest settled specimens of Ch. stel- and the lowest one (16.76 mg/m3) – east of Cape latus and M. neritoides are active only during rough Maslen Nos (Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998). sea. The density of Ch. stellatus reaches thousands The layer, richest in plankton, is at a depth to 23 m ind/m2. Myosotella myosotis is found sometimes un- (31.1% of the total biomass). The layer up to 50 m der the stones in that biocenosis and Pachygrapsus depth contains plankton equivalent to 51.8% of the marmoratus temporarily goes out (Valkanov & total biomass. The increase of biomass at a depth of Marinov, 1978; Marinov, 1990). 100-125 m is due to the accumulation of cryophilic Sandy supralittoral and washed out algae. plankters. With highest amounts in the period 1970- The species of family Talitridae are typical forms, of 1988 are the species Oithona minuta (to 2813 ind/ which Orchestia bottae (to 3500 ind/m2 and 90 g/m2) m3), Acartia clausi (to 2388 ind/m3), Penilia aviros- is a typical mass species (Stoykov, 1975). Many in- tris (2044 ind/m3) and Pleopis polyphaemoides (to sects, inhabiting the coast, of the orders Collembola, 767 ind/m3) in summer and Paracalanus parvus (364 Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Diptera are presented. ind/m3) in autumn (Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, A part of their larvae grow up in washed out algae. 1998). Significant impact on the planktonic cenoses Marine forms as Orchestia gammarellus (to 2831.7 in the 80s and 90s has Mnemiopsis leidyi, with maxi- mg/100 g algae), connected with algae and sea grass mum numbers of 450 ind/m3 recorded (Konsulov, and other washed ashore species, are presented. The 1989, 1990; Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998; highest biomass (8661.6 mg/m2) is established in au- Kamburska, 2004). Maximum values of 12 kg/m3 are tumn (Beschovski, 1964a, 1975a, 1978; Marinov, established in the shelf water areas in April of 1990 1990). (Bogdanova & Konsulov, 1993). As a determining Rocky mediolittoral (Enteromorpha zone). factor for zooplankton development, the species has The most abundant species are Spirorbis pussilla, become an indicator of the pelagic ecosystem and Chthamalus stellatus, Balanus improvisus, Idotea threat to the species diversity of planktonic cenoses. balthica, Mytilus galloprovincialis and the larvae forms After 2000 the number of M. leidyi decreased as a of Thalassomyia frauenfeldi. The species Patella ulys- result of the predatory pressure of Beroe оvata and siponensis is a typical inhabitant which is rare now the structure of the dominant groups began to but formerly it occurred in great quantity along the recover. Most appreciable are changes in the coastal southern coastal zone, according to older literature zone. The Crustacea (predominantly Copepoda and (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1960a). Eriphia verrucosa and Cladocera) usually comprise 70-80% of the zoo- Pachygrapsus marmoratus are observed during the plankton biomass. Of these crustaceans, about 11280 warm months (Marinov, 1990; Konsulov, 1998). ind/m3 were established in the summer of 2005 in Sandy mediolittoral. A very typical and abun- front of Cape Galata (Shigalova et al., 2008). dant species is Donacilla cornea, the maximum den- Zoobenthos. The number of zoobenthos spe- sity of which reaches 9800 ind/m2 at Alepu. A com- cies is about 1000 (1370 species with Protozoa and paratively high density is established at Stomoplo parasitic forms), belonging to 19 types. It is studied (6000 ind/m2) and Ahtopol (2000 ind/m2). Ophelia better in Bulgaria than in other Black Sea countries. bicornis is also a mass species with density of 2000 Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca and Nematoda ind/m2; it is found on the beach at Lozenetz Village. have the greatest species diversity. Since some taxo- The Caspian relict Euxinia maeoticus occurs rarely. nomic groups have not yet been sufficiently investi- Over 60 species have been found in the subterranean gated, it could be accepted that the species compo- beach waters, of which Harpacticoida (29 species), sition is higher. Three main zones are established – Polychaeta (10 species), Turbellaria and Halacaridae supralittoral, mediolittoral (littoral, pseudolittoral) (7 species each) are best represented. The average and sublittoral (infralittoral, circalittoral). In these density of the meiobenthos varies from 14552 to zones 12 biocenoses and a great number of series are 74000 ind/m2, as Oligochaeta and Harpacticoida differentiated, which are characterized by definite predominate. The maximum density of Oligochaeta species composition (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1960, reaches 76760 ind/m2 (Marinov, 1990; Konsulov 1962; Valkanov & Marinov, 1978; Marinov, 1990; & Konsulova, 1993, 1998). Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 147

Cystoseira overgrowths. An exceptionally living forms there are not established (Todorova et rich biocenosis, connected to the algae Cystoseira al., 2008a). barbata and C. crinita that develop on the rocky Sandy sublittoral. Extends from 0 to 17-20 m bottom from 0.5 to 20 m of depth. Over 130 spe- depth and is the richest in terms of species bioceno- cies have been established, of which Crustacea (68 sis. Above 300 species have been established, some species) and Polychaeta (31 species) are best repre- of which penetrated from neighboring biocenoses. sented. Characteristic species are Caprella acanthif- Polychaeta (above 60 species), crustaceans (about era, Palaemon adspersus, Clibanarius erythropus, 50 species), mollusks (above 30 species) dominate Macropodia longirostris, Pilumnus hirtellus, Nereis as well as great number of other groups, in which zonata, Spirorbis pussila, etc.. Eight mollusk species psammophilous and psammobiontic species are develop on the thallus of the algae, the majority of presented. The zoocenosis has been divided into 5 which are Tricolia pullus, Bittium reticulatum, Rissoa subcenoses according to the qualitative composition splendida and Mytilaster lineatus (which densely and ground characteristics (Marinov, 1990). Some overgrows the base of the thallus). Some Cnidaria Polychaeta (Scolelepis squamata, Glycera convoluta (Sarsia tubulosa, Aglaophenia pluma, Lucernariopsis and Prionospio cirrifera), crustaceans (Bathyporeia campanulata, etc.) and Bryozoa (Electra pilosa) are guilliamsoniana, Ampelisca diadema, Diogenes pu- attached to the algae. The average density of the gilator) and common mollusks (Chamelea gallina, macro- and meiobenthos is 709424 ind/m2, the aver- Lucinella divaricata and Bittium reticulatum) are age biomass – 20.9 g/kg algae. The maximum density dominated forms. Characteristic psammophilous reaches 1040000 ind/m2, and the biomass – 400 g/ Polychaeta are Arenicola marina, Pisione remota, m2. Harpacticoida has a high density (113396 екз./kg Prionospio malmgreni and Polygordius lacteus, some algae). The density and biomass are highest in spring Cumacea from crustaceans (Pseudocuma, Bodotria, and summer (212668 ind/m2 and 58.5 g/kg algae). Cumopsis and Cumella) and many mollusks (Loripes The biomass is formed mainly from the mollusks lacteus, Solen marginatus, Tellina donacina, T. tenuis, (Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1977; Marinov, T. fabula, Donax trunculus and Gouldia minima). 1990). Actinothoe clavata and Branchiostoma lanceolatum Rocky sublittoral. This biocenosis spreads (related to a certain structure of the sand) are typi- in depth from 0.5 to 30 m and comprises over 130 cal representatives. The density and biomass are species with average density of 105105 ind/m2. determined by psammobiontic forms and as ex- Representatives of Crustacea (40 species), Mollusca ception by some eurybionts (Balanus improvisus (36 species) and Polychaeta (31 species) predomi- and Ampelisca diadema). The highest is the density nate. Many Porifera (Petrosia ficiformis, Dysidea fra- of Polychaeta; Mollusca have the highest biomass. gilis, genus Haliclona, etc..), cnidarians (Aglaophenia The average density varies from 1484 ind/m2 to pluma, Orthopyxis integra, Actinia aquina, etc..), sed- 2576 ind/m2; as Polychaeta comprise 55%, followed entary Polychaeta (Sabellaria taurica, Spirobranchus by crustaceans – 16%, mollusks – 27% and other triqueter, Vermiliopsis infundibulum and Spirorbis pu- groups – about 1.5-2%. The average biomass is 136.4 silla), Bryozoa (Membranipora and Cryptosula) and g/m2 as the mollusks comprise 92.8% (126.5 g/m2) Ascidiacea (Botryllus schlosseri) are presented. The of it (Valkanov et al., 1978; Marinov, 1990). The decapods (Palaemon adspersus, Palaemon elegans, average density of mollusks is 398 ind/m2; it is the Hippolyte sapphica, Clibanarius erythropus, Eriphia highest for Lentidium mediterraneum (168 ind/m2) verrucosa, Pachygrapsus marmoratus) are most repre- which can reaches a maximum density up to 21000 sented. However, the mass species Carcinus aestuarii ind/m2. For Polychaeta, Spio filicornis reaches a has declined sharply in numbers lately. The species maximum density of 8320 ind/m2 (Valkanov et al., Lepidochitona cinerea and Rapana venosa are per- 1978; Marinov, 1990). The maximum biomass for manent inhabitants of the rocky bottom. The most mollusks, from 1542 to 1787 g/m2 (density about abundant snails are Tricolia pullus, Gibbula divari- 2700 ind/m2), is established for Ch. gallina (Kaneva- cata and Rissoa splendida. The mussels Mytilus gal- Abadjieva & Marinov, 1966; Marinov, 1990). The loprovincialis and Mytilaster lineatus occur in large invasive immigrants Rapana venosa (biomass up to quantities. The karst and mergel rocks are pierced 400 g/m2), Anadara kagoshimensis (biomass up to by the holes of Petricola lithophaga, Pholas dactylus 4282 g/m2) and Mya arenaria (biomass up to 4596 g/ and Barnea candida (Marinov, 1990). Great aggre- m2) are also represented here. gations of Ostrea edulis occurred in the past around Coastal silt. This zone begins from where the Cape Maslen Nos – reef, made ​​of oysters, but now sandy bottom ends. It extends from 15-20 to 30-40 m 148 Zdravko Hubenov depth and is better developed in the northern coastal the biggest. The species composition (over 100 spe- zone. Relatively poor biocenosis, in which about 50 cies) is represented by eurybathic as well as typical species have been established. It can be divided into 2 for this depth species. This biocenosis is considered subcenoses depending on the abundance of Melinna one of the richest in species and also ranks highest palmata (Polychaeta) – high occurrence of M. pal- in biomass. Polychaeta is best presented, followed mata and low occurrence of M. palmata. The former by Crustacea and Mollusca. Aglaophenia pluma, comprises 2/3 of the entire cenosis, has a richer spe- Sertularella polyzonias, Cerebratulus ventrosulcatus, cies diversity, density and biomass. The maximum Aricidea claudiae, Ciona intestinalis and Ascidiella density of M. palmata reaches to 2010 ind/m2 and aspersa are characteristic inhabitants of this bioceno- the biomass – to 44.9 g/m2 (Nguen Suan Li, 1984; sis. Of mollusks, Spisula subtruncata, Abra alba and Marinov, 1990). The average density of the bioceno- Polititapes aureus have a very high density. Biomass sis is 564 ind/m2 and the maximum one – 2543 ind/ of the zoocenosis is formed mainly by the mollusks m2. The average biomass is 76.3 g/m2 and the maxi- (94.3%). M. galloprovincialis alone gives 63.6% from mum one – 280.7 g/m2. Polychaeta comprises 82.4% the biomass. However, as a result of its patchy dis- of the density and Mollusca forms about 77.9% of the tribution, the coefficient of permanency of this spe- biomass of this zoocenosis. Spisula subtruncata and cies is only 25.6%, followed by S. subtruncata with Chamelea gallina have the highest density. Polititapes the coefficient of permanency 79.2% but with a twice aureus and Ch. gallina have the highest biomass, to less biomass. The average density is 666 ind/m2; the 84.7 g/m2 and 56.1 g/m2 respectively. In some places maximum one – 4185 ind/m2. The average biomass the biomass is determined by the presence of Mytilus is 134.4 g/m2; the maximum one – 3817 g/m2. About galloprovincialis. Of Crustacea, Ampelisca diadema 57.2% of the density is formed by Polychaeta as A. and Upogebia pusilla have the highest density as claudiae predominates (Valkanov & Marinov, the latter forms the biomass as well. Characteristic 1978; Marinov, 1990; Konsulov & Konsulova, species of the sandy-oozy ground are Actinothoe cla- 1993, 1998; Konsulov, 1998). vata, Lagis koreni, U. pusilla and many mollusks of Phaseolina silt. This zone extends from 60-65 the orders Caecum, Calyptraea, Cyclope, Nassarius, m to 184 m of depth. In the southern region, due to Lucinella, Spisula, Abra and Gouldia (Valkanov & the larger slope of the bottom, the zone is narrower. Marinov, 1978; Nguen Suan Li, 1984; Marinov, Modiolula phaseolina is a dominant species, with 1990). the coefficient of permanency from 22.2% (south of Mytilus silt. This zone begins to the north of Kamchiya River) to 96.5% (in the north). The higher Cape Kaliakra from the depth of 45 m and reaches biomass (200-900 g/m2) below 60 m isobath is due the depth of about 70 m; at the Cape Emine – 80 m. to this species. In the south M. phaseolina is poorly The width of this zone varies from 2-3 miles to 10-15 represented, therefore the average biomass is often miles. Ahead of Burgas Bay the zone is the widest and below 50 g/m2. Its density and biomass show many begins from the depth of 13-20 m. In the southern part peaks, of which the density maximum (4963 ind/ of the Bulgarian coast (from Sozopol to Rezovo) this m2) is at 110-120 m of depth and the biomass maxi- biocenosis begins very close to the shore. Typical for mum (389 g/m2) – at 65 m (Kaneva-Abadjieva & the Black Sea is a zone at a depth of 40 to 140 m, com- Marinov, 1960b). Recently, this species was record- posed of Mytilus galloprovincialis (to about 70 m) and ed at the depth of 55 m in front of Cape Kaliakra, Modiolula phaseolina (from 70 to 140 m). Nowhere with a density up to 13040 ind/m2 and biomass up M. galloprovincialis reaches such quantity as in the to 995.6 g/m2 (Marinov & Stoykov, 1995). The Black Sea. In the southern half of the Bulgarian shelf greater species diversity of this biocenosis (over the higher biomass is concentrated to 50 m isobath, 60 species) is up to 100 m depth. Below 150 m of while the northern half of it reaches 80 m isobath. depth occur only Sycon ciliatum, Actinothoe clava- Whenever the biomass is over 500 g/m2 it is caused ta, Pachycerianthus solitarius, Nephtys hobergii and by Mytilus galloprovincialis which is the main domi- Leptosynapta inchaerens (Marinov, 1990). The av- nant. In front of Pomorie a biomass to 2694 g/m2 is erage density is 853 ind/m2 and the maximum one established, in front of Tsarevo – 3354 g/m2, in front is 5125 ind/m2. Mollusks comprise 81.7% of the of Burgas – 4865 g/m2 and in front of Krapets – 5900 density, and M. phaseolina alone, forms 79.9% of the g/m2 (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1962; Marinov, 1990; total density. The average biomass is 44 g/m2 and the Marinov & Stoykov, 1995; Stoykov & Uzunova, maximum one is 394 g/m2. The mollusks account 1999). The biomass of M. galloprovincialis shows 3 for 86.5% of the whole biomass, and M. phaseolina maximums, of which the maximum at 45 m depth is alone, for 79.2% (Marinov, 1990). Of Gastropoda, Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 149

Trophon muricatus is the only representative. This 1947; Petrbok, 1947; Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1957, conspicuous predator feeds on the mussels with thin- 1976; Zaschev & Angelov, 1959; Mihailova- ner shells, such as M. phaseolina, Parvicardium exig- Neikova, 1961; Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, uum, Papillicardium papillosum, Spisula subtruncata, 1967; Stoykov, 1979; Marinov, 1990; Trayanova, Abra alba and A. Prismatica. Characteristic of this 2003, 2008). biocenosis are Suberites carnosus, P. solitarius, L. in- The mass development of the mussel Dreissena chaerens, Amphiura stepanovi, etc. The mass species polymorpha that reaches to 3-4 m depth and forms a Terebellides stroemii and A. stepanovi are widely dis- ring around the shore is characteristic for the lakes tributed. (Valkanov & Marinov, 1978; Marinov, Durankulak, Ezerets and Shabla. The Caspian rel- 1990; Konsulov, 1998). ict Hypania invalida has a high density (thousands Meiobenthos in the sublittoral zone. ind/m2) and in the zone of D. polymorpha Ostracoda Nematoda, Polychaeta and Harpacticoida dominate reaches 8595 ind/m2 (Cvetkov, 1958; Kaneva- on sand and silt bottoms from 5 to 150 m of depth. Abadjieva & Marinov, 1967; Valkanov et al., Cephalorhyncha, Chalacaridae, Cyclopoida are of- 1978; Kovachev & Uzunov, 1981; Marinov, 1990; ten found; Oligochaeta and Ostracoda are rarely Naidenov, 1998; Stoichev, 1998; Kovachev et al., found. Over 100 species have been established as the 1999, 2002; Petrova & Stoykov, 2002). Cordylophora most representatives have a low frequency of occur- caspia, many species of the families Corophiidae and rence. The total number is 164152 ind/m2 and the Gammaridae, Astacus leptodactylus and Theodoxus maximum number reaches up to 1181000 ind/m2. fluviatilis are common species. In Shabla Lake the The density is formed mainly by Nematoda (77.5%); average biomass is about 19.4 g/m2 and the maxi- its maximum number reaches up to 1034000 ind/ mum biomass reaches 842 g/m2. In Durankulak Lake m2. The maximum number of Oligochaeta and the maximum biomass is 60 g/m2 (Valkanov et al., Harpacticoida is 65000 and 102000 ind/m2 respec- 1978). The lakes have been investigated recently as tively. Ostracoda is rarely found; its number amounts protected areas and have a rich fauna (from 101 to to 1000-2000 ind/m2. Due to the spotty distribution 137 species). of meiobenthos depth is not always determinative for Fauna of the Beloslav Lake, before its the number that decreases below 35 m (Marinov, transforming into port, was formed mainly by fresh- 1990; Konsulov, 1998). water Crustacea and Chironomidae larvae (Val- Coastal basins. There are about 40 lakes, kanov, 1935, 1936, 1937; Cvetkov, 1955a, 1955b, marshes and areas, flooded by rivers along the 1957). In the Chironomidae complex haloxenes Bulgarian coast (Varbanov, 2002; Hristova, 2012; are presented but there is a lack of typical halophils Table 1). Most common are firth lakes (blocked and halobionts. The freshwater species are best estuaries) and lagoon lakes (areas separated from represented in most crustaceans as there are brack- the open sea). The presence of brackish elements ish and marine forms. Ostracoda comprises a signif- is a special feature of their fauna. A “saline wedge” icant percentage (15 species, or 35.7%). Copepoda is formed at the lower parts of the rivers, which is includes more haloxenes and halobionts. All Am- situated below the fresh waters. In this “wedge” the phypoda, Mysida, Iera sarsi and Rhitropanopeus har- bottom inhabitants are marine or brackish, whereas rissi are brackish forms. Cordilophora caspia, Leander those in upper water layers are freshwater species. A adspersus, Astacus leptodactylus, Potamon ibericum, specific fauna inhabits the lakes, firths and marshes Theodoxus fluviatilis, Unio pictorum and Dreissena along the coast. The marine brackish species en- polymorpha occur. In quantitative terms Oligochaeta, dure water down to 1 ‰ salinity and the freshwater Ostracoda and Chironomidae predominate (Cvetk- forms withstand water salinization from 1.5 ‰ to 8 ov, 1957). After 1964-1966 the state of the lake got ‰. Many euryhaline sea species also take part in the worse and it became to a chironomid type. Typical formation of the coastal basins’s fauna, which could are periodic extinctions due to oxygen deficiency. In vary from marine to freshwater, depending on the 1990-1991 the species composition is poor, there are water salinity. Nineteen rivers enter the Bulgarian lack of mollusks, dead zones and single species com- Black Sea (12 rivers enter the Black Sea and 8 rivers munities. After 2000 the species diversity increases, discharge into the coastal lakes). Their mouth areas 5 mollusk species appear and there are no permanent have firth nature where oligo- or euryhaline forms are dead zones (Trayanova, 2003, 2008). presented. It is therefore difficult the fauna of these After the connection of Varna Lake with the rivers to be scrutinized separately from the coastal sea, the freshwater species disappeared there and the stagnant basins (Valkanov, 1935, 1936; Drensky, fauna was formed by euryhaline marine and brack- 150 Zdravko Hubenov ish forms (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1957). The following Crassicorophium crassicorne (10806 ind/m2 – 31.1 species dominate: Hydrobia ventrosa (up to 24520 g/m2) and Gamarus subtypicus (748 ind/m2 – 3.7 g/ ind/m2), Mytilaster lineatus (up to 37400 ind/m2 and m2), with total biomass 549 t and 41.1 t respectively 620 g/m2), Mytilus galloprovincialis (to 1837 ind/m2 (Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1967; Kaneva- and 6023 g/m2), Cerastoderma glaucum (to 968 ind/ Abadjieva, 1976; Stoykov, 1979). Nowadays 93% m2) and Abra segmentum (to 1177 ind/m2). The re- of the total biomass of the zoobenthos (16.6 g/m2) is serves of M. galloprovincialis were estimated as ca. formed by Chironomidae larvae (Valkanov et al., 5000 t and were of great economical importance. Mass 1978). overgrowths, causing problems of TPP Varna in the In Mandra Lake, before the dam construction, 70s, are Ficopomaticus enigmaticus, Amphibalanus many marine forms (Hediste diversicolor, Corophium improvisus and M. galloprovincialis. The maximum volutator, Palaemon adspersus, Upogebia pusilla, overgrowth reaches 39260 g/m2 for 3 months (Dimov Liocarcinus vernalis, H. ventrosa, C. glaucum and A. et al., 1970). In the last decades, the lake underwent segmentum) have been recorded, which can be found profound transformations and its fauna changed now in the lakes Uzungeren and Poda, remaining (Marinov, 1990; Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, outside of the dam (Valkanov, 1936; Mihailova- 1998). In the 50s crustaceans and mollusks prevail. Neikova, 1961; Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, In the 90s the number of mollusks decreased, where- 1967; Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1976). Over 100 species as Polychaeta increased and dominated in numbers benthos forms have been found, which average bi- (70.6%). In recent years, the number of species is omass is 14 g/m2 (57.5% Chironomidae). After the increased (especially in crustaceans). An increase in dam construction, the zoobenthos (11.8 g/m2) is numbers (from 5787 ind/m2 to 18841 ind/m2) and a formed mainly by Oligochaeta and Chironomidae shift of Polychaeta (38%) by Crustacea (50.9%) was (60%). Changes in biomass (2.4-4.2 g/m2 to 10.7- established. The biomass is formed mainly by mol- 15.7 g/m2) and a dominance of Chironomidae larvae lusks (58.7%) and crustaceans (39.0%) (Trayanova, are observed (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1976; Stoykov, 2003, 2008; Tododrova et al, 2008b). 1979). The halobionts Artemia parthenogenetica and The firth of Ropotamo River is well-stud- A. salina are typical for the hyper-saline lagoon lakes ied and over 100 species have been established Pomorie and Atanasovsko [salinity from 30-60‰ to there (Valkanov, 1934, 1935, 1936; Cvetkov & 100-250‰ (Ivanov et al., 1964)]. Of marine forms, Gruncharova, 1976, 1979; Gruncharova, 1977). H. ventrosa, Nassarius reticulatus, C. glaucum and It is abundant in the invasive forms Ficopomaticus A. segmentum are presented. The density and bio- enigmaticus (up to 18400 ind/dm2 – 360 g/dm2), mass of Cyprideis torosa reach 312532 ind/m2 and Amphibalanus eburneus and Rhithropanopeus harrisii. 37.1 g/m2; of C. glaucum – 3234 ind/m2 (maximum The following species are often found: Blackfordia to 134376 ind/m2) and 338.7 g/m2 (Cvetkov, 1958). virginica, Cordylophora caspia, some Chironomidae The number of Acartia clausi in the Pomorie Lake larvae, Palaemon adspersus, Hydrobia acuta, Mytilus reaches 130000 ind/m3 (Vassilev, 1994). The lakes galloprovincialis, Mytilaster lineatus, Cerastoderma are protected areas, recently explored in connection glaucum, Abra segmentum, Barentsia benedeni (to with the plans of their management (Michev, 1997, 8000 zooids/dm2) and many Bryozoa. 2003; Georgiev & Nikolov, 2010; Pechlivanov, In the firth of Veleka River, Dreissena poly- 2010; Varadinova et al., 2010). In these lakes specific morpha covers the shells of Anodonta cygnaea, rich fauna is stored (106-113 species). Pseudanodonta complanata and Unio pictorum. A In Burgas Lake, A. segmentum in 1954 reached significant number have the populations of Astacus average density 5544 ind/m2 and biomass 790 g/m2; leptodactilus, Potamon ibercum and T. fluviatilis (of- its total biomass was estimated as 16957 t (Zaschev ten and P. planorbis); of the marine forms H. vent- & Angelov, 1959). The average density of H. vent- rosa, C. glaucum and A. segmentum are presented. rosa during the same period was 3256 ind/m2, bio- Some coastal basins were explored compara- mass – 10.4 g/m2 and the total biomass – 216 t. For tively long ago and the investigations do not reflect C. glaucum these data are, respectively: 1840 ind/ the recent condition of their fauna (Shabla Tuzla, m2, 201.8 g/m2 and 3081 t. Later, because the salin- Nanevska Tuzla, Balchishka Tuzla, Batovsko Swamp, ity decreased from 11‰ to 0.7-1.9‰ these mol- Nesebarsko Swamp, the swamps Alepu, Arkutino, lusks completely disappeared and currently no living Stomoplo and Dyavolsko, the firths of the rivers specimens have been found (Pandourski, 2001). Batova, Kamchiya, Dvoynitsa, Dyavolska, Karaagach, The density of the following crustaceans was high: Veleka, Silistar and Rezovska). Furthermore, the Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 151

Table 7. Alien invertebrate animals, recorded from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast (Note. The years in brackets show finding of the species in Bulgaria, * – invasive species)

Year of introduction Taxa Donor region or finding Coelenterata Blackfordia virginica Mayer, 1910 1925 (1935) North Atlantic and North America Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902) 1933 (1933) North Atlantic and North America Rathkea octopunctata (Sars, 1835) (1957) Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869) (1960) Northwest Pacific Ocean Ctenophora *Mnemiopsis leidyi Agassiz, 1865 1982 (1986) Western Atlantic Ocean *Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789 1997 (1997) North Atlantic Ocean Bolinopsis vitrea (L. Agassiz, 1860) 2010 (2010) Tropical and Subtropical Annelida: Polychaeta *Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) 1929 (1935) Indian Ocean Hesionides arenaria Friedrich, 1937 1950-те (1954) Pacific Ocean or Atlantic Ocean Streblospio shrubsolii (Buchanan, 1890) 1957 (1957) North Atlantic Ocean Streptosyllis varians Webster & Benedict, 1887 1966 (1966) North Atlantic or Pacific Ocean *Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 2005 (2008) North and West Atlantic Ocean *Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) (1990) Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean Arthropoda: Crustacea Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849 1976 (2000) Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Oithona davisae Ferrari F. D. & Orsi, 1984 2001 (2009) Northwest Pacific Ocean Triconia minuta (Giesbrecht, 1893 [1892]) (2000) Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Amphibalanus eburneus Gould, 1841 1892 (1933) North America * Amphibalanus improvisus Darwin, 1854 1844 (1912) North America Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902 (2009) Pacific Ocean and Souteast Asia Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) 1937 (1934, 1953) North America Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 1967 (1968) North Atlantic Ocean Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1854) 2006 (2005) East and Southeast Asia Mollusca Potamopyrgus antipodarium (J. E. Gray, 1843) 1952 (2008) coast of New Zeland *Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) 1946 (1956) Sea of Japan Neptunea arthritica (Valenciennes, 1858) (2000) Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Corambe obscura (Verrill, 1870) 1980 (1986) North Atlantic Ocean Ferrissia fragilis (Tryon, 1862 (1983) North America Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) (1927) North America *Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) 1982 (1984) Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean *Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 1966 (1973) Circumboreal Teredo navalis Linnaeus, 1758 750-500 B.C. Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean coast is exposed to strong anthropogenic presence element for increasing the diversity or resource. Lists and changes that reqiure a continuous update of the of species, introduced in the Black Sea, have been information. published by several authors (Cvetkov & Marinov, Alien immigrants. The penetration of alien 1986; Gomoiu & Scolka, 1996; Konsulov, 1998; species through ballast waters and/or as fouling or- Shadrin, 2000; Zaitsev & Öztürk, 2001; Gomoiu ganisms on ship hulls is one of the greatest threats et al., 2002; Moncheva & Kamburska, 2002; for the world’s oceans. The assessment whether a Kamburska & Moncheva, 2003; Zaitsev et al., certain species is invasive and harmful to the Black 2004; Konsulova & Stefanova, 2007). Thirty-one Sea ecosystem is complex. During a certain point of invertebrate species are known from the Bulgarian time the species may be harmful and subsequently to Black Sea coast, occurring at different times (Table get a positive effect – food base for other species, an 7). The most significant changes in the Black Sea 152 Zdravko Hubenov communities are caused by 5 species, introduced in Very high numbers was observed in Byala, in the re- the last 60 years – Mnemiopsis leidyi, Beroe ovata, gion of Cape Cherni Nos (Klissurov, 2008). During Rapana venosa, Anadara kagoshimensis and Mya the last 20 years, the snail was gathering for food arenaria (Cvetkov & Marinov, 1986; Marinov, with all possible means. After conquest of the Black 1990; Konsulova & Stefanova, 2007; Todorova & Sea the species penetrated the Aegean, Adriatic and Moncheva, 2013). Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic coast of France, North The introduction of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis Sea, East coast of USA, the mouth of the Rio de la leidyi in the Black and Azov Seas in the 1980s caused Plata River between Uruguay and Argentina and the decline of anchovies’ and sprat’ stocks, estimated around New Zealand. The way how the species was at 200 millions USD per year (Zaitzev & Mamaev, transported in the Black Sea is unclear. R. venosa is 1997). This species becomes a determinative factor an eurythermal and euryhaline species that develops for the development of zooplankton and indicator in the coastal zone on solid substrate and sandy and of the pelagic community. M. leidyi is a self-fertile silty bottom at a depth to 30-40 m. The snail with- hermaphrodite with broad food spectrum (from mi- stands temperature changes (from 0 to 30оС), water crozooplankton to crustaceans, eggs and fish larvae) pollution and reduced oxygen content. There is a and a high tolerance to temperature and salinity. It huge fertility (a snail delayed approximately 220000 is reproductively mature 12 days after hatching and eggs) which compensates its exploitation by man. produces over 2000-3000 eggs. In the 80s M. leidyi It lives about 10 years. There are no precise data caused a drop in pelagic fish reserves, by competing on the population of Rapa on the Bulgarian coast for the same food resources. A maximum number of (Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998; Konsulov, M. leidyi (450 ind/m3) was recorded in Varna Lake in 1998). 1986 (Konsulov, 1986; Konsulov & Konsulova, Mya arenaria has been first reported for the 1993, 1998; Kamburska, 2004). After 2000 the Bulgarian coast in the Bay of Burgas in 1973 (Kaneva- number of M. leidyi decreases, affected by the preda- Abadjieva, 1974). The mussel inhabits the sandy tory pressure from B. ovata. sublittoral and reaches the wash zone. It has a high Beroe ovata is known to feed on planktivorous ecological plasticity and easy endures variations of ctenophores and, in particular, on M. leidyi. There the salinity and temperature, and oxygen deficiency. is a trophic type predator-prey relationship between It reaches a high density (over 300-400 to 4862 spec- B. ovata and M. leidyi. The development of B. ovata imens/m2) in the bays in front of the river mouths. depends on the seasons; the species occurs mostly in M. arenaria is found along the beaches all over the summer and autumn. Its reproductive potential is Bulgarian coast but the greatest number of it occurs closed to the potential of M. leidyi. The dynamics of in front of Durankulak and Albena, in the Varna Bay, B. ovata, its seasonal and annual variations, develop- Varna Lake, at the influx of the Kamchiya River and ment and survival depend on M. leidyi (Konsulov Burgas Bay (Stoykov, 1983; Cvetkov & Marinov, & Kamburska, 1998). Like M. leidyi, this species 1986; Marinov, 1990). Spawning by eggs thrown was transported in ships ballast waters from the straight into the water during the summer months Northwest Atlantic. The arrival of B. ovata appears (rarely re-spawning in autumn). From fertilized eggs to have stabilized the Black Sea ecosystem, leading to planktonic larvae develop which 5-6 days after egg a reduction in M. leidyi populations and subsequent hatching convert to mussels. In the 1970s, this mussel recovery of plankton and fish populations. is a dominant species in the Romanian coastal zone as The first specimen of Rapana venosa in the 4-5 years after its appearance reaches biomass 16 kg/ Bulgarian aquatory was found in 1956 in Varna m2 and numbers more than 8000 ind/m2 (Gomoiu & Bay, near Cape Galata (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1958). Porumb, 1969). In many areas of the Black Sea shelf Development of this snail in the rocky sublittoral M. arenaria is a dominant species in new zoocenosis, has a substantial impact on Mytilus and Ostrea, and called her name. in the sand sublittoral – on Chamelea gallina. The The first specimens of Anadara kagoshimensis great eurybiontness, high fecundity and lack of com- for the Bulgarian coast were found in 1982 in Varna petitors allowed this predator to reach mass devel- Bay (Marinov et al., 1983; Kaneva-Abadjieva & opment in the Black Sea and aroused discussion for Marinov, 1984). Much later, a high density of the eventual measures for a struggle with it. In a single species has been found in Burgas Bay (up to 400 trawling, up to 1500 specimens have been caught, specimens/m2 and biomass 4280 g/m2). This mussel and in some regions between Balchik and Kavarna is a eurythermal and euryhaline species that endures the entire bottom was covered with Rapa whelks. very low oxygen concentrations in the water due to Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 153

Table 8. Conservation status of invertebrare animals of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast

Black Sea Ecological data, Distribution (area Taxa Red Data Bulgarian Red Data Book, IUCN and and depth) Book European category Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766) VU M, bt, eb, lt K, 2-65 Odessia maeotica (Ostroumoff, 1896) VU M-B, 25‰, bt-p lm, ? Rc Hesionides arenaria Friedrich, 1937 EN, VU M, bt, sep, sls, ps, gw aminwp, 0-10 Ophelia bicornis Savigny, 1918 EN M, bt, sep, l-sl, ps bam, 0.5-1.5 Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 L, bt, ph, 10‰, ▲-VU (cse) Halacarellus procerus (Viets, 1927) EN M-B, bt, l-sl, ps, gw bam Branchinella spinosa (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) EN B-M, 30‰, p lm, (atm) Centropages ponticus Karavaev, 1895 EN M, p mrs Anomalocera patersoni Templeton, 1837 EN M, p, et amip Labidocera brunescens (Czerniavsky, 1868) EN M, p, eh, th lmm Pontella mediterranea (Claus, 1863) EN M, p lmm Oithona minuta (Krichagin, 1877; Scott, 1894) EN M-B-L, p, eh amip, 20 Hemimysis anomala G. O. Sars, 1907 EN B-L, bt, ep, lt pc, clm, (h), -20 Chaetogammarus ischnus (Stebbing, 1899) VU M-B, eh, sep, ro, l-sl pc, cpc, Rc Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) VU B-L, bt, ep, ro, ph pc, cpc, Rc, (ean) Iphigenella andrussowi (G. O. Sars, 1896) LR B-L, bt, ep, ps, ps-s pc, Rc Shablogammarus shablensis (Carausu, 1943) VU B-L, bt, ep, ps, ps-s pc, Rc Apseudopsis ostroumovi Bacescu & Carausu, 1947 LR M, bt, sg, ms, phs p, 27, -100 Upogebia pusilla (Petagna, 1792) EN M, bt, ep (p), ps-pe clmm, -22 Diogenes pugilator (Roux,1829) EN M, bt, mb, ps, sg eam, ? eami, 0-40 Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 VU M, bt, ps, zc, ro, r lm, ? amp, 0-70 Liocarcinus navigator (Herbst, 1794) VU M, bt, eb, ps, sg, s acem, 3-80 Eriphia verrucosa (Forskål, 1775) EN M, bt, ep, sp-l-sl, lt, ▲-VU lmm, ?lmmg, 0-30 Pilumnus hirtellus (Linnaeus, 1761) VU M, bt, mb, ph, mc, lt clmm, 0-40 Xantho poressa (Olivi, 1792) VU M, bt, eb, ro lmm, 1-15, 100 Potamon ibericum (Bieberstein, 1808) DD, EN L, eu (nmwca) Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) VU M, bt, sep, spr-slr, lt cmm, 0-7 Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782) LR, VU L-TL, ♦-LC (wcp) Calopteryx virgo (Linnaeus, 1758) VU L-TL, ♦-LC (tp) NE, DD, Epallage fatime (Charpentier, 1840) L-TL, ▲-VU, ♦-NT (om) VU Lestes viridis (Vander Linden, 1825) L-TL, ▲-VU, ♦-LC (wp) NE, DD, Anax imperator Leach, 1815 L-TL, ♦-LC (wppt) VU Sympetrum depressiusculum (Sélys, 1841) L-TL, ▲-VU, ♦-VU (tp) Sympetrum vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758) L-TL, ▲-VU, ♦-LC (ewca) Patella ulyssiponensis Gmelin, 1791 EN M, bt, sep, lt-ro, l-sl, r clm, 0-10 Theodoxus pallasi Lindcholm, 1924 M-B, eh-14‰, ro, ▲-EX pc, Rc, Sf, +, 4-10 Hauffenia lucidula Angelov, 1967 L, bt, cr, 1‰, ▲-CR, ♦-CR (El) Valvata cristata O. F. Müller, 1774 L, 0.5‰, bt, ph, s, r, ♦-LC (wes) Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774) L, 0.4‰, bt, sw, ph, pe, x, ♦-LC (wcp, i - h), 3, 80 Hydrobia acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) B-M, 60‰, bt, ep, sw, ph, ro, s, ♦-LC lm, ? hm, 0-22 Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, ph, ro, s, ps, ♦-LC (wp, ? h - i), 5 Turricaspia lincta (Milaschewitch, 1908) M-B, 8‰, bt, s, sw, ♦-LC pc, Rc, Sf, +, -148 Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, ph, sw, ♦-LC (wes, ? hoes) Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) L, 7‰, bt, ph, pe, ♦-LC (h), 0-4 Stagnicola corvus (Gmelin, 1791) L, bt, sw, ph, ♦-LC (hop, ? e), 0-50 Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) L, 6‰, bt, ph, rh, s, ♦-LC (h, ? hop), 0.2-25 154 Zdravko Hubenov

Table 8. Continued

Black Sea Ecological data, Distribution (area Taxa Red Data Bulgarian Red Data Book, IUCN and and depth) Book European category Radix balthica (Linnaeus, 1758) L, 3-10‰, bt, ph, eu, ♦-LC (hop) Ferrissia fragilis (Tryon, 1862 L, bt, eu, th, ph, r, is, ♦-DD (h, sk - i), 0-8 Planorbis carinatus O. F. Müller, 1774 L, bt, sw, ph, pe, r, ♦-LC (wes, ? h), -10, -18 Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, 2‰, sw, ph, pe, ♦-LC (h) Anisus septemgyratus (Rossmaessler, 1835) L, 8‰, sw, ph, α-β, r, ♦-LC (wes, ? e) Anisus vortex (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, 8‰, ph, α-β, r, ♦-LC (wces) Anisus vorticulus (Troschel, 1834) L, bt, pe, ph, rh, sw, r, ♦-NT, HD (wces, ? wes) Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758) L, 1.5‰, eu, ph, α-β, ♦-LC (h) Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, ph, s-ar, sw, α, r, ♦-LC (wces, ? wcp) Segmentina nitida (O. F. Müller, 1774 L, bt, sw, ph, α-β, ♦-LC (wcp) Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758) L, 5‰, sw, po, α-β, ♦-LC (wces), -9 Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) L, bt, pe, tx, α-β, is, ♦-LC (na, sk - i) Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, sw, po, ph, β, r, ♦-LC (tp, ? h) Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 EN, VU M, bt, sep, ro anamnep, i, 7-65 Donacilla cornea (Poli, 1795) EN M, bt, sep, ps lm, 0.2, -2 Solen marginatus Pulteney, 1799 EN M, bt, sep, ps clmm, 0-10 Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 M, bt, sep, lt, BA, BC eamrs, amrs, -15 Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1774) VU M, bt, ep, ps amip, 17, 21 the presence of hemoglobin in the haemolimph. It of Rapana venosa in Bulgaria began in 1991 when has a long life cycle and low coefficient of mortality. to 500 t of meat were exported. In the following years In a short time, A. kagoshimensis became a significant the catch increased and during 1992-1994 period was element of psammo- and pelophilous zoocenoses, about 27000 t (weight with shells). The maximum and started to displace some local species. Thus the was reached in 2004 (1195 t meat of Rapa), then a „Chamelea gallina” group in front of Balchik, Varna decrement of catches was observed (Konsulova and Burgas transforms into „A. kagoshimensis” group. & Stefanova, 2007). According to Ministry of The distribution of this species in the Bulgarian part Agriculture and Food, in 2012 the harvest reached of the Black Sea is restricted from Balchik to the 3100 t, and the export of Rapa meat is 1000-1500 t. south part of Burgas Bay (Cvetkov & Marinov, There is an interest in the populations of Mya are- 1986; Marinov, 1990; Konsulov, 1998). naria and Chamelea gallina but it is not clear how Resource species and overgrowers. In much their exploitation is realized. The foreign in- 1978 a decline in the population of Mytilus gallo- terest in these mussels is great. provincialis was found although the harvesting was Essential roles as overgrowers along the gradually halted. The main reasons for mass mor- Bulgarian Black Sea coast have Ficopomaticus enig- talities appear to have been the eutrophication and maticus, Amphibalanus improvisus and Mytilus gal- destruction of natural mussel fields by trawling and loprovincialis (Marinov, 1990). These species cause predatory pressure from Rapana venosa. A decrease problems to port facilities, craft and TPP Varna in predatory pressure in deeper waters and stopping (Dimov et al., 1970). Surveys conducted in the old of trawling has resulted in a progressive restora- channel connecting Varna Lake with the sea show tion of mussel resources. In 1990s, the commercial that for six months A. eburneus and M. galoprovincia- farming of M. galloprovincialis on artificial substra- lis give 8205 g/m2 (Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, ta was mostly near the town of Sozopol, where the 1965, 1977). In spring the biomass reaches 3357.5 g/ harvest had reached 150 tons per year (Konsulov m2 and is composed mostly by A. improvisus and M. & Konsulova, 1993, 1998; Konsulov, 1998). In galoprovincialis. In summer the total biomass reaches 2009, the harvest reached 812 t. Today the number 17504 g/m2 and is composed mainly by F. enigmaticus of mussel farms is 17; the farm near Kavarna alone and A. improvisus. For a year, the total overgrowth has the capacity of 2000 t per year. Industrial catch (and other overgrowers as well) can reach 84 kg/m2 Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 155

(Marinov, 1990). The total biomass of the overgrow- cies. Some taxa, included in the Black Sea Red Data ers in the region of TPP Varna in June reaches 6480 Book, have stable populations along the Bulgarian g/m2; in August the overgrowth is mainly of F. enig- coast and are not threatened at this stage. Red Data maticus. The number of attached specimens of this Book of the Republic of Bulgaria includes 8 species species reaches 3000000 ind/m2 for 15 days (Dimov invertebrate animals from the Bulgarian Black Sea et al., 1970). In 2 months the overgrowth by F. enig- (Hirudo verbana, Eriphia verrucosa, Epallage fatime, maticus exceeds a thickness of 15 cm. In the 90s, the Lestes viridis, Sympetrum depressiusculum, S. vul- species mass developed in the Varna Bay. gatum, Theodoxus pallasi and Hauffenia lucidula). The first reported problems with Dreissena The species T. pallasi – Pontian-Caspian brackish polymorpha in the country is related to the glass relict species, is accepted as extincted. The species factory, located by the canal between Beloslavsko Carcinus aestuarii and Pholas dactylus which are ex- Lake and Varna Lake (Russev, 1965). Since 90 years ceptionally rare recently are not included. Twenty the mussel invades freshwater basins inside the species of freshwater Gastropoda with Eurosiberian, country and now is presented almost in all river Palaearctic or Holarctic distribution, included in the systems (Trichkova et al., 2009). There are prob- European Red List and IUCN Red List are known lems in TPP Maritsa Iztok 2 where losses of several from the coastal brackish basins (Table 8). These in- million leva are registered. Temperature conditions clude the North American invasive species Physella in Ovcharitsa dam created by this plant are opti- acuta and Ferrissia fragilis, which until recently were mum for the mussel development which reaches considered European forms. The snail Turricaspia from 300000 to 500000 ind/m2. lincta, a Caspian subfossil relict, established only Conservation significanse of the fauna. by shells, has a Pontian-Caspian area. A total of 118 A total of 35 species from the Bulgarian Black Sea Black Sea endemic forms have been found along the invertebrates are included in the Black Sea Red Data Bulgarian coast, of which 12 species are accepted as Book (1 of Porifera, 1 of Cnidaria, 2 of Annelida, 26 regional endemics (Table 2). The local endemics are of Arthropoda, 4 of Mollusca and 1 of Chordata); of an exception in the marine forms and usually are which 7 are included in the European Red List as well newly described taxa with unclear distribution. A to- (Table 8). Pholas dactylus is included in the interna- tal of 98 rare species and 41 Caspian relict forms have tional conventions for European and Mediterranean been established. The number of rare species depends fauna. There are differences in the levels of threat on the level of study of the respective groups. Some of the species in the separate Black Sea countries relitcts are eurybiontic invasive forms with second- (Dumont et al. 1999). Most species (34 species) ary anthropogenic areas. belong to the categories endangered (EN) and vul- In Bulgaria the Kaliakra Reserve and protected nerable (VU). Five species have a Pontian-Caspian area Sand Bank Koketrays are marine protected ar- distribution, the Caspian relicts also are 5 species eas. These include 0.2% of the territorial waters of and Apseudopsis ostroumovi is a Black Sea (Pontian) Bulgaria, 0.1% of the shelf zone to 100 m depth and endemic. Most often the species are widely distrib- 0.2% of the protected areas of the country (Todorova uted as Halichondria panicea is a Cosmopolitan spe- et al., 2008a).

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Author’s address: Zdravko Hubenov, National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsar Osvoboditel 1, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail: [email protected] 168 Zdravko Hubenov Видов състав на свободно живеещите многоклетъчни безгръбначни животни (Metazoa: Invertebrata) от българския сектор на Черно море и крайбрежните бракични водоеми

Здравко Хубенов

(Резюме) От българското Черноморие са известни 19 типа, 39 класа, 123 разреда, 470 семейства и 1537 вида. Те включват 1054 вида (68.6%) морски и морско-бракични форми и 508 вида (33.0%) слад- ководно-бракични, сладководни и сухоземни форми, свързани с водата. Високо видово богатство (над 100 вида) имат 5 типа (Nematoda, Rotifera, Annelida, Arthropoda и Mollusca). Най-много видове включват Arthropoda (802 вида – 52.2%), Annelida (173 вида – 11.2%) и Mollusca (152 вида – 9.9%). Останалите 14 типа съдържат от 1 до 38 вида. Има няколко добре проучени райони (известни над 200 вида). На първо място са околностите на Варна (601 вида), където изследванията продължават над 100 години. Акваторията на градовете Несебър, Поморие, Бургас и Созопол (от 220 до 274 вида) и районът на нос Калиакра (230 вида) са добре проучени. От крайморските водоеми най-изследвани (известни към 100 вида) са езерата Дуранкулашко, Езерецко-Шабленско, Белославско, Варненско, Поморийско, Атанасовско, Бургаско, Мандренско и лиманът на р. Ропотамо. Вертикалното разпрос- транение е анализирано при 800 вида (75.9%) – морски и морско-бракични форми. Най-много видо- ве са намерени от 0 до 25 m на пясъчно (396 вида) и скално (257 вида) дъно. Представени са групите на стенохипо- (52 вида – 6.5%), стеноепи- (465 вида – 58.1%), мезо- (115 вида – 14.4%) и еврибатите (168 вида – 21.0%). Морските и морско-бракичните форми са разпределени в 162 зоогеографски ка- тегории, обединени в 4 основни групи и 16 подгрупи. Основната част от черноморската фауна има атланто-медитерански произход и представлява обеднена атланто-медитеранска фауна (740 вида – 70.2%). Представени са космополитни, атлантоиндийски, атлантопацифични, ендемични и каспий- ски реликтни форми. От черноморските ендемити (118 вида – 11.2%) преобладават бентосни (115 вида – 97.5%) и морски (114 вида – 96.6%) форми. Бракичните ендемити (11 вида – 9.3%) най-често са каспийски реликти. Основната част от каспийските реликти (41 вида – 3.9%) са бентосни бракични форми (38 вида – 92.7%). Сладководно-бракичните, сладководните и сухоземните форми, свързани с водата, са разпределени в 80 зоогеографски категории, обединени в 3 групи и 5 подгрупи. Типично за крайбрежието е преобладаването на видове, разпространени в Палеарктика и извън нея (296 вида – 58.3%). Представени са видове, разпространени само в Палеарктика, но в повече от една подобласт (79 вида – 15.5%) и видове, разпространени в една палеарктична подобласт (126 вида – 24.8%) – ев- росибирски (55 вида – 10.8%) и медитерански (71 вида – 13.9%). Направена е кратка характеристика на планктонните и бентосните ценози и са разгледани някои крайморски водоеми. Отделено е вни- мание на инвазивните имигранти, които са променили черноморските съобщества през последните 60 години. Разгледани са видовете с икономическо и консервационно значение.