DOCSLIB.ORG

The Curious and Neglected Soft-Bodied Meiofauna: Rouphozoa (Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Curious and Neglected Soft-Bodied Meiofauna: Rouphozoa (Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes) Hydrobiologia (2020) 847:2613–2644 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04287-x (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) MEIOFAUNA IN FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS Review Paper The curious and neglected soft-bodied meiofauna: Rouphozoa (Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes) Maria Balsamo . Tom Artois . Julian P. S. Smith III . M. Antonio Todaro . Loretta Guidi . Brian S. Leander . Niels W. L. Van Steenkiste Received: 1 August 2019 / Revised: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 / Published online: 26 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Abstract Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes form a meiofauna. As a result, rouphozoans are usually clade called Rouphozoa. Representatives of both taxa underestimated in conventional biodiversity surveys are main components of meiofaunal communities, but and ecological studies. Here, we give an updated their role in the trophic ecology of marine and outline of their diversity and taxonomy, with some freshwater communities is not sufficiently studied. phylogenetic considerations. We describe success- Traditional collection methods for meiofauna are fully tested techniques for their recovery and study, optimized for Ecdysozoa, and include the use of and emphasize current knowledge on the ecology, fixatives or flotation techniques that are unsuitable for distribution, and dispersal of freshwater gastrotrichs the preservation and identification of soft-bodied and microturbellarians. We also discuss the opportu- nities and pitfalls of (meta)barcoding studies as a means of overcoming the taxonomic impediment. Guest editors: Nabil Majdi, Jenny M. Schmid-Araya & Walter Traunspurger / Patterns and Processes of Meiofauna in Finally, we discuss the importance of rouphozoans in Freshwater Ecosystems. aquatic ecosystems and provide future research direc- tions to fill in crucial gaps in the biology of these Electronic supplementary material The online version of organisms needed for understanding their basic role in this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04287-x) con- tains supplementary material, which is available to authorized the ecology of benthos and their place in the trophic users. M. Balsamo (&) Á L. Guidi M. A. Todaro Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Urbino, Urbino, Italy Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] L. Guidi B. S. Leander Á N. W. L. Van Steenkiste e-mail: [email protected] Departments of Botany and Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada T. Artois e-mail: [email protected] Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium N. W. L. Van Steenkiste e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] J. P. S. Smith III Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA e-mail: [email protected] 123 2614 Hydrobiologia (2020) 847:2613–2644 networks linking micro-, meio-, and macrofauna of studied and are far better known worldwide. Fresh- freshwater ecosystems. water gastrotrichs and microturbellarians not only share a number of morphological and biological traits, Keywords Fresh waters Á Ecology Á Study methods Á but their parent phyla, Gastrotricha and Platy- Taxonomy Á Species diversity helminthes, also recently emerged in a monophyletic clade within the Spiralia called Rouphozoa (Gr. Rouphao, ingesting by sucking; Struck et al., 2014), which was endorsed by two subsequent, independent Introduction phylogenomic studies (Egger et al., 2015; Laumer et al., 2015a). However, Bleidorn (2019) recovered a Meiofauna constitutes a significant reservoir of biodi- clade comprising Nemertea and Platyhelminthes sep- versity in aquatic ecosystems that is often overlooked. arate from the clade of Gastrotricha; thus, it is clear Sediments and vegetation in freshwater habitats, that further molecular and morphological work is including freshwater ponds, lakes, and rivers, but also needed to test the monophyly of the Rouphozoa. The mosses, wet soils and semi-aquatic agricultural duo-gland adhesive system, recently studied in detail ecosystems (e.g., paddy fields), are teeming with for platyhelminthes (Wunderer et al., 2019), was hundreds of thousands, if not millions of poorly known proposed as a possible synapomorphy for both taxa or completely unrecorded species of these micro- (Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019). However, studies of the scopic animals (Giere, 2009). gastrotrich duo-gland system are much older (Tyler & Traditional morphology-based sampling techniques to Rieger, 1980; Ruppert, 1991). Consequently, detailed study biodiversity and ecology of meiofauna are usually molecular studies of the duo-gland system in Gas- addressed towards ecdysozoan taxa such as nematodes trotricha and research to identify other possible and copepods, and have so far failed to account for the synapomorphies within Rouphozoa are sorely needed. sometimes equally abundant and diverse soft-bodied Because of their abundance, small body size and gastrotrichs and meiofaunal flatworms or so-called ‘‘mi- selective micro- and meiophagous feeding behavior, croturbellarians’’(Martens & Schockaert, 1986; Nesteruk, gastrotrichs and microturbellarians most likely play a 2006;Schockaertetal.,2008;Giere,2009). Perhaps more critical role in freshwater trophic networks and ecosys- so than other meiofaunal groups, gastrotrichs and micro- tem dynamics (Palmer et al., 1997; Balsamo & Todaro, turbellarians also exemplify the taxonomic impediment, 2002; Majdi et al., 2019). However, their diversity and including a lack of knowledge on their biodiversity and ecological roles in aquatic ecosystems are still insuffi- organismal biology, a lack of experts and a lack of ciently known. For freshwater gastrotrichs, the results of taxonomic infrastructure. As such, they have lagged the few targeted studies on functional ecology appear behind in species discovery and identification, uncovering controversial (Strayer, 1985; Hummon, 1987; Nesteruk, (cryptic) speciation, biodiversity surveys, population 1996a, 2007b; Schmid-Araya, 1997), and for freshwater genetics, and phylogeography. Traditional morphology- microturbellarians no such studies exist to date. based identification methods are often time-, effort-, and In this study, we aim to give an overview of the resource-intensive, depend on a handful of taxonomic current state of knowledge on the diversity, distribution, experts, and cannot uncover cryptic diversity. As shown and ecology of freshwater rouphozoans. This includes by a few comprehensive studies of single taxa, the current an updated census of species in the various biogeo- number of described species of these two groups in fresh graphical regions, a summary on the importance of waters is significantly lower than the estimated species environmental parameters on biotic interactions and diversity (e.g., Catenulida: Larsson et al., 2008; Micros- habitat preferences, spatial and temporal distribution, tomum: Atherton & Jondelius, 2018, 2019; Gastrotricha: dispersal and trophic ecology of these two groups. We Balsamo et al., 2008). also provide recommendations to overcome method- In this contribution, we will focus on the micro- and ological problems and challenges in qualitative and meiofaunal freshwater representatives of these taxa quantitative collection and identification of these and largely omit the numerous members of the animals, and discuss future research avenues to fill in macrofaunal flatworm group Tricladida, which, crucial gaps in our knowledge on these important because of their large size, have been rather well freshwater animals. 123 Hydrobiologia (2020) 847:2613–2644 2615 Methodologies for sampling and study all the habitats of a single biotope (Heitkamp, 1988). The main criteria for qualitative/quantitative sampling It is clear that in studies of freshwater meiofauna, of microturbellarians and gastrotrichs are summarized Rouphozoa are frequently not considered (Fig. 1). As in Table 1. already noted by some authors (e.g., Traunspurger & Individuals of both groups are more successfully Majdi, 2017), we hypothesize that this is because studied alive in fresh samples than in preserved extraction methods used for these soft-bodied organ- samples, since their body frailty and strong contrac- isms are very different from those used for ecdysozoan tility often cause diagnostic morphological characters taxa. This is further supported by historical studies that to be distorted after fixation (Balsamo & Todaro, recovered large numbers of rouphozoan taxa using 2002, Balsamo et al., 2014). In the laboratory, extraction methods compatible with their preservation collected fresh samples are moved into bowls (e.g., Strayer, 1985; Robertson et al., 2000). Finally, equipped with an aeration system and a lighting neon metabarcoding studies in a marine context routinely tube if also vegetation is present. The bowls are filled recover rouphozoans thought previously to be rare with additional filtered water from the sampling site based solely on morphotaxonomic studies (e.g., (or spring water if necessary) and kept at room Rzeznik-Orignac et al., 2017; Leasi et al., 2018). temperature. Accordingly, we provide up-to-date methods below A comparative summary of methods for extraction for the collection, preservation, and study of roupho- and study of freshwater microturbellarians and gas- zoans (Tables 1, 2). trotrichs is reported in Table 2. Extraction of animals from fresh samples implies direct observation of small Sampling and extraction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Ecological Study of Gunston Cove
    An Ecological Study of Gunston Cove 2016 FINAL REPORT August 2017 by R. Christian Jones Professor Department of Environmental Science and Policy Director Potomac Environmental Research and Education Center George Mason University Kim de Mutsert Assistant Professor Department of Environmental Science and Policy Associate Director Potomac Environmental Research and Education Center George Mason University Amy Fowler Assistant Professor Department of Environmental Science and Policy Faculty Fellow Potomac Environmental Research and Education Center George Mason University to Department of Public Works and Environmental Services County of Fairfax, VA ii Back of Title Page iii Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary ............................................................................................... iv List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................... xiii The Ongoing Aquatic Monitoring Program for the Gunston Cove Area ................1 Introduction ..................................................................................................2 Methods........................................................................................................3 A. Profiles and Plankton: Sampling Day .........................................3 B. Profiles and Plankton: Followup Analysis ..................................7 C. Adult and Juvenile Fish ...............................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • Meiofauna of the Koster-Area, Results from a Workshop at the Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences (Tjärnö, Sweden)
    1 Meiofauna Marina, Vol. 17, pp. 1-34, 16 tabs., March 2009 © 2009 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISSN 1611-7557 Meiofauna of the Koster-area, results from a workshop at the Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences (Tjärnö, Sweden) W. R. Willems 1, 2, *, M. Curini-Galletti3, T. J. Ferrero 4, D. Fontaneto 5, I. Heiner 6, R. Huys 4, V. N. Ivanenko7, R. M. Kristensen6, T. Kånneby 1, M. O. MacNaughton6, P. Martínez Arbizu 8, M. A. Todaro 9, W. Sterrer 10 and U. Jondelius 1 Abstract During a two-week workshop held at the Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences on Tjärnö, an island on the Swedish west-coast, meiofauna was studied in a large variety of habitats using a wide range of sampling tech- niques. Almost 100 samples coming from littoral beaches, rock pools and different types of sublittoral sand- and mudflats yielded a total of 430 species, a conservative estimate. The main focus was on acoels, proseriate and rhabdocoel flatworms, rotifers, nematodes, gastrotrichs, copepods and some smaller taxa, like nemertodermatids, gnathostomulids, cycliophorans, dorvilleid polychaetes, priapulids, kinorhynchs, tardigrades and some other flatworms. As this is a preliminary report, some species still have to be positively identified and/or described, as 157 species were new for the Swedish fauna and 27 are possibly new to science. Each taxon is discussed separately and accompanied by a detailed species list. Keywords: biodiversity, species list, biogeography, faunistics 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05, Sweden; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Research Group Biodiversity, Phylogeny and Population Studies, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Genetics, University of Sassari, Via F.
    [Show full text]
  • Platyhelminthes Rhabdocoela
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 120 (2018) 259–273 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Species diversity in the marine microturbellarian Astrotorhynchus bifidus T sensu lato (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from the Northeast Pacific Ocean ⁎ Niels W.L. Van Steenkiste , Elizabeth R. Herbert, Brian S. Leander Beaty Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Increasing evidence suggests that many widespread species of meiofauna are in fact regional complexes of Flatworms (pseudo-)cryptic species. This knowledge has challenged the ‘Everything is Everywhere’ hypothesis and also Meiofauna partly explains the meiofauna paradox of widespread nominal species with limited dispersal abilities. Here, we Species delimitation investigated species diversity within the marine microturbellarian Astrotorhynchus bifidus sensu lato in the turbellaria Northeast Pacific Ocean. We used a multiple-evidence approach combining multi-gene (18S, 28S, COI) phylo- Pseudo-cryptic species genetic analyses, several single-gene and multi-gene species delimitation methods, haplotype networks and COI conventional taxonomy to designate Primary Species Hypotheses (PSHs). This included the development of rhabdocoel-specific COI barcode primers, which also have the potential to aid in species identification and delimitation in other rhabdocoels. Secondary Species Hypotheses (SSHs) corresponding to morphospecies and pseudo-cryptic species were then proposed based on the minimum consensus of different PSHs. Our results showed that (a) there are at least five species in the A. bifidus complex in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, four of which can be diagnosed based on stylet morphology, (b) the A.
    [Show full text]
  • Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/381459; this version posted September 4, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Atherton, Schärer & Jondelius Microstomidae !1(67! ) Sarah Atherton1, Lukas Schärer2, Ulf Jondelius1 A Taxonomic Review and Revisions of Microstomidae (Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha) 1. Department of Zoology, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm 2. bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/381459; this version posted September 4, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Atherton, Schärer & Jondelius Microstomidae !2(67! ) Abstract Microstomidae (Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha) diversity has been almost entirely ignored within recent years, likely due to inconsistent and often old taxonomic literature and a general rarity of sexually mature collected specimens. Herein, we reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of the group using both previously published and new 18S and CO1 gene sequences. We present some taxonomic revisions of Microstomidae and further describe 8 new species of Microstomum based on both molecular and morphological evidence. Finally, we brieYly review the morphological taxonomy of each species and provide a key to aid in future research and identiYication that is not dependent on reproductive morphology. Our goal is to clarify the taxonomy and facilitate future research into an otherwise very understudied group of tiny (but important) Ylatworms.
    [Show full text]
  • Platyhelminthes De Vida Libre – Microturbellaria – Dulceacuícolas En Argentina
    Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral fluvial argentino INSUGEO, Miscelánea, 12: 225 - 238 F. G. Aceñolaza (Coordinador) Tucumán, 2004 - ISSN 1514-4836 - ISSN On-Line 1668-3242 Platyhelminthes de vida libre – Microturbellaria – dulceacuícolas en Argentina. Carolina NOREÑA (1), Cristina DAMBORENEA (2) y Francisco BRUSA (2) Abstract: PLATYHELMINTHES OF FREE LIFE - MICROTURBELLARIA - OF FRESHWATER OF ARGENTINA. The systematic of the free- living Plathelminthes of South America is relatively unknown. Marcus has carried out the most exhaustive studies in Brazil during the forty and fifty years. Most of the Microturbellarians species reported for South America (excluded Tricladida) are found in marine or brackish habitats and 90 species approximately are known for freshwater environments. The Microturbellarians are characterized as ubiquitous and depredators of crusta- ceans and insect larvae. They are also specific regarding the substrate and the environmental conditions. Many symbiotic species are also found in the freshwater environment of South America, the genera Temnocephala and Didymorchis (Temnocephalida).In this work the well-known Microturbellarians species of Argentina are listed, as well as those that possibly appear inside the national territory in later studies. Key words: Turbellaria, freshwater, South America Palabras claves: Turbellaria, agua dulce, América del Sur. Introducción La sistemática de los Platyhelminthes de vida libre en Sudamérica es relativamente desconocida. Los estudios más exhaustivos han sido realizados en
    [Show full text]
  • New Reports of Gastrotricha for the North-Eastern Ukraine
    Zoodiversity, 54(5): 349–356, 2020 Fauna and Systematics DOI 10.15407/zoo2020.05.349 UDC 595.132(47.52/.54) NEW REPORTS OF GASTROTRICHA FOR THE NORTH-EASTERN UKRAINE R. R. Trokhymchuk V. N. Karazin National University, Svobody Sq., 4, Kharkiv, 61002 Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] R. R. Trokhymchuk (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9570-0226) New Reports of Gastrotricha for the North-Eastern Ukraine. Trokhymchuk, R. R. — Gastrotricha is poor known phylum of small metazoans. Information about Ukrainian gastrotrichs’ fauna is outdated. Althogether nine species are reported in this paper. Seven taxa are new to the fauna of Ukraine: Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) hystrix, Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) heideri, Chaetonotus (Zonochaeta) bisacer, Lepidodermella minor minor, Lepidodermella squamata, Ichthydium maximum and Haltidytes festinans. This investigation gives an additional morphological information on Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) maximus and Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) macrochaetus, which have been earlier reported to the Ukraine fauna but currently they recorded in Kharkiv Region for the first time. We provide short morphological description of all species and give some ecological notes. Key words: Gastrotricha, meiofauna, Ukraine, biodiversity. Introduction Gastrotricha Metschnikoff, 1865 are minute vermiform, acoelomate invertebrates. Metschnikoff classified these organisms as a Phylum (Metschnikoff, 1865) but some present investigations defined this group as a clade of Lophotrochozoa (Hejnol, 2015). Gastrotrichs are cosmopolitic species and can be found in all aquatic environments (Balsamo et al., 2008). However, we receive information about new species for science every year. In the sea gastrotrichs can rank third in abundance after nematodes and harpacticoid and in freshwater habitats they are among the top five most common taxa encountered.
    [Show full text]
  • Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from Obodska Cave (Montenegro) Based on Morphological and Molecular Characters
    European Journal of Taxonomy 354: 1–30 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.354 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · Kolicka M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51C2BE54-B99B-4464-8FC1-28A5CC6B9586 A new species of freshwater Chaetonotidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from Obodska Cave (Montenegro) based on morphological and molecular characters Małgorzata KOLICKA 1,*, Piotr GADAWSKI 2 & Miroslawa DABERT 3 1 Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznan, Poland. 2 Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90–237 Łódź, Poland. 3 Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznan, Poland. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 E-mail: [email protected] 3 E-mail: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:550BCAA1-FB2B-47CC-A657-0340113C2D83 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:BCA3F37A-28BD-484C-A3B3-C2169D695A82 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:8F04FE81-3BC7-44C5-AFAB-6236607130F9 Abstract. Gastrotricha is a cosmopolitan phylum of aquatic and semi-aquatic invertebrates that comprises about 820 described species. Current knowledge regarding freshwater gastrotrichs inhabiting caves is extremely poor and there are no extant data regarding Gastrotricha from Montenegro. We describe a new species from Obodska Cave, which is also the fi rst record of a gastrotrich from this region. Due to its unusual habitat and morphological characteristics, this species may be important when considering the evolution and dispersion routes of Chaetonotidae Gosse, 1864 (sensu Leasi & Todaro 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Author, Here Are the Proofs of Your Article. • You Can Submit Your
    Dear Author, Here are the proofs of your article. • You can submit your corrections online, via e-mail or by fax. • For online submission please insert your corrections in the online correction form. Always indicate the line number to which the correction refers. • You can also insert your corrections in the proof PDF and email the annotated PDF. • For fax submission, please ensure that your corrections are clearly legible. Use a fine black pen and write the correction in the margin, not too close to the edge of the page. • Remember to note the journal title, article number, and your name when sending your response via e-mail or fax. • Check the metadata sheet to make sure that the header information, especially author names and the corresponding affiliations are correctly shown. • Check the questions that may have arisen during copy editing and insert your answers/ corrections. • Check that the text is complete and that all figures, tables and their legends are included. Also check the accuracy of special characters, equations, and electronic supplementary material if applicable. If necessary refer to the Edited manuscript. • The publication of inaccurate data such as dosages and units can have serious consequences. Please take particular care that all such details are correct. • Please do not make changes that involve only matters of style. We have generally introduced forms that follow the journal’s style. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship are not allowed without the approval of the responsible editor. In such a case, please contact the Editorial Office and return his/her consent together with the proof.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Gastrotricha By: Tobias Kånneby, Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden, and Mitchell J
    October 2016 U.S. Freshwater Gastrotricha By: Tobias Kånneby, Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden, and Mitchell J. Weiss, 51-B Phelps Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A. This list is based on the following works: Amato & Weiss 1982; Anderson & Robbins 1980; Bovee & Cordell 1971; Brunson 1948, 1949a, 1949b, 1950; Bryce 1924; Colinvaux 1964; Davison 1938; Dolley 1933; Dougherty 1960; Emberton 1981; Evans 1993; Fernald 1883; Goldberg 1949; Green 1986; Hatch 1939; Horlick 1975; Kånneby & Todaro 2015; Krivanek & Krivanek 1958a, 1958b, 1959; Lindeman 1941; Packard 1936, 1956, 1956-58, 1958a, 1958b, 1959, 1962, 1970; Pfaltzgraff 1967; Robbins 1964, 1965, 1966, 1973; Sacks 1955, 1964; Schwank 1990; Seibel et al. 1973; Shelford & Boesel 1942; Stokes 1887a, 1887b, 1896; Strayer 1985, 1994; Weiss 2001; Welch 1936a, 1936b, 1938; Young 1924; Zelinka 1889. Full references at end of document. Phylum Gastrotricha Metchnikoff, 1865 Order Chaetonotida Remane, 1925 Suborder Paucitubulatina d’Hondt, 1971 Family Chaetonotidae Gosse, 1864 [sensu Leasi & Todaro, 2008] Subfamily Chaetonotinae Gosse, 1864 Genus Aspidiophorus Voigt, 1903 1. Aspidiophorus paradoxus (Voigt, 1902) New Jersey [see also Schwank 1990] Genus Chaetonotus Ehrenberg, 1830 Subgenus Chaetonotus (Captochaetus) Kisielewski, 1997 2. Chaetonotus (Captochaetus) gastrocyaneus Brunson, 1950 Indiana, Michigan 3. Chaetonotus (Captochaetus) robustus Davison, 1938 New Jersey, New York Subgenus Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) Ehrenberg, 1830 4. Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) aculeatus Robbins, 1965 Illinois 5. Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) brevispinosus Zelinka, 1889 New Hampshire, Ohio 1 October 2016 6. Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) formosus Stokes, 1887 Alaska (?), Michigan, New Jersey 7. Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) larus (Müller in Hermann, 1784) Maine (?), New Jersey (?) [see Zelinka 1889; see also Schwank 1990] 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Three New Gastrotrich Species of the Genus Tetranchyroderma (Macrodasyida: Thaumastodermatidae) from Korea*
    Zootaxa 3368: 245–255 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Three new gastrotrich species of the genus Tetranchyroderma (Macrodasyida: Thaumastodermatidae) from Korea* JIMIN LEE & CHEON YOUNG CHANG1 Marine Ecosystem Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan 426-744, Korea 1 Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] *In: Karanovic, T. & Lee, W. (Eds) (2012) Biodiversity of Invertebrates in Korea. Zootaxa, 3368, 1–304. Abstract Three new gastrotrich species of the genus Tetranchyroderma are described sublittoral sandy bottoms of the Yellow Sea and Jeju Island in South Korea. Tetranchyroderma aethesbregmum sp. nov., which has a dorsal cuticular armature with pentancres only, is characterized by the peculiar shape of the head with a median trapezoidal lobe flanking three pairs of papillae. Tetranchyroderma megabitubulatum sp. nov. is clearly differentiated from other pentancrous species by the character combination of three pairs of cephalic tentacles, a pair of long dorsolateral adhesive tubes, and paired ‘foot’ ventral adhesive tubes. Tetranchyroderma insolitum sp. nov. is the only species possessing cuticular armature with tetrancres and triancres mixed, and also characteristic in having an earlobeprotrusion at the posterolateral corners of head. Key words: Description, Gastrotricha, marine, South Korea, taxonomy Introduction The serial faunal studies on macrodasyidan gastrotrichs have been carried out in Korea, since Chang et al. (1998a) first recorded two Thaumastoderm species, T. copiophorum and T. appendiculatum. A total of 16 species from six genera in two families, Planodasyidae Rao & Clausen, 1970 and Thaumastodermatidae Remane, 1926 have been recorded from the Korean coast so far (Chang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Ichthydium Hummoni N. Sp. a New Marine Chaetonotid Gastrotrich with a Male Reproductive System (I)
    ICHTHYDIUM HUMMONI N. SP. A NEW MARINE CHAETONOTID GASTROTRICH WITH A MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (I). by Edward E. Ruppert Department of Zoology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, U.S.A. (2) Résumé Une espèce marine hermaphrodite du genre Ichthydium est décrite de la Caroline du Nord (U.S.A.) et d'Arcachon (France). Cette espèce cosmopolite a été rencontrée dans les parties les plus élevées des zones intercotidales de deux plages sableuses. Elle est caractérisée par sa petite taille, sa baguette cuticulaire de maintien rappelant une colonne vertébrale, la disposition des cils de type Stylo- chaeta et son hermaphrodisme successif. Sa position systématique doit être aussi proche que possible de la famille dulcaquicole des Dasydytidae. Materials and Methods One Holotype (female phase), AMNH 83; Paratype (male phase), AMNH 84; and Paratype (female phase, "winter" eggs), AMNH 85 are deposited as formalin fixed wholemounts in the Department of Living Invertebrates of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Measurements were made of 21 indivi- duals for this description (only the North Carolina material). Collection, extrac- tion and handling procedures are given in Ruppert (1967a). This species is dedi- cated to Dr. William D. Hummon of Ohio University. Introduction and Description A comparative investigation was undertaken in 1971-1972 of the gastrotrich fauna of 3 high energy beaches, one in North Carolina and two on the west coast of France. The purpose of this investiga- tion was to study the morphology and ecology of marine gastrotrich species over a geographic range. The results are published for the Xenotrichulidae (Ruppert, 1976a) and some general conclusions have been reported recently (Ruppert, 1976b).
    [Show full text]