Apolinario Mabini and the Creation of the Department of Foreign Affairs
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Death by Garrote Waiting in Line at the Security Checkpoint Before Entering
Death by Garrote Waiting in line at the security checkpoint before entering Malacañang, I joined Metrobank Foundation director Chito Sobrepeña and Retired Justice Rodolfo Palattao of the anti-graft court Sandiganbayan who were discussing how to inspire the faculty of the Unibersidad de Manila (formerly City College of Manila) to become outstanding teachers. Ascending the grand staircase leading to the ceremonial hall, I told Justice Palattao that Manuel Quezon never signed a death sentence sent him by the courts because of a story associated with these historic steps. Quezon heard that in December 1896 Jose Rizal's mother climbed these steps on her knees to see the governor-general and plead for her son's life. Teodora Alonso's appeal was ignored and Rizal was executed in Bagumbayan. At the top of the stairs, Justice Palattao said "Kinilabutan naman ako sa kinuwento mo (I had goosebumps listening to your story)." Thus overwhelmed, he missed Juan Luna's Pacto de Sangre, so I asked "Ilan po ang binitay ninyo? (How many people did you sentence to death?)" "Tatlo lang (Only three)", he replied. At that point we were reminded of retired Sandiganbayan Justice Manuel Pamaran who had the fearful reputation as The Hanging Judge. All these morbid thoughts on a cheerful morning came from the morbid historical relics I have been contemplating recently: a piece of black cloth cut from the coat of Rizal wore to his execution, a chipped piece of Rizal's backbone displayed in Fort Santiago that shows where the fatal bullet hit him, a photograph of Ninoy Aquino's bloodstained shirt taken in 1983, the noose used to hand General Yamashita recently found in the bodega of the National Museum. -
The Development of the Philippine Foreign Service
The Development of the Philippine Foreign Service During the Revolutionary Period and the Filipino- American War (1896-1906): A Story of Struggle from the Formation of Diplomatic Contacts to the Philippine Republic Augusto V. de Viana University of Santo Tomas The Philippine foreign service traces its origin to the Katipunan in the early 1890s. Revolutionary leaders knew that the establishment of foreign contacts would be vital to the success of the objectives of the organization as it struggles toward the attainment of independence. This was proven when the Katipunan leaders tried to secure the support of Japanese and German governments for a projected revolution against Spain. Some patriotic Filipinos in Hong Kong composed of exiles also supported the Philippine Revolution.The organization of these exiled Filipinos eventually formed the nucleus of the Philippine Central Committee, which later became known as the Hong Kong Junta after General Emilio Aguinaldo arrived there in December 1897. After Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines in May 1898, he issued a decree reorganizing his government and creating four departments, one of which was the Department of Foreign Relations, Navy, and Commerce. This formed the basis of the foundation of the present Department of Foreign Affairs. Among the roles of this office was to seek recognition from foreign countries, acquire weapons and any other needs of the Philippine government, and continue lobbying for support from other countries. It likewise assigned emissaries equivalent to today’s ambassadors and monitored foreign reactions to the developments in the Philippines. The early diplomats, such as Felipe Agoncillo who was appointed as Minister Plenipotentiary of the revolutionary government, had their share of hardships as they had to make do with meager means. -
'Unfinished Revolution' in Philippine Political Discourse Author(S)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository Title The 'Unfinished Revolution' in Philippine Political Discourse Author(s) Ileto, Reynold C. Citation 東南アジア研究 (1993), 31(1): 62-82 Issue Date 1993-06 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/56488 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 31, No. I, June 1993 The 'Unfinished Revolution' in Philippine Political Discourse Reynaldo C. ILETo * The February 1986 event that led to Marcos's downfall is usually labelled as the "February Revolution" or the "EDSA Revolution." On the other hand, all sorts of analyses have argued to the effect that the "EDSA Revolution" cannot be called a revolution, that it can best be described as a form of regime-change, a coup d'etat, a restoration, and so forth [see Carino 1986]. Yet to the hundreds of thousands of Filipinos from all social classes who massed on the streets that week there seemed to be no doubt that they were "making revolution" and that they were participating in "people power." For the revolution to be, it sufficed for them to throw caution aside (bahala na), to confront the tanks and guns of the state, to experience a couple of hours of solidarity with the anonymous crowd, and to participate in exorcising the forces of darkness (i. e., the Marcos regime). Should the business of naming the event a "revolution" be understood, then, simply in terms of its political referent? Whatever the reality of the processes enveloping them, the crowds on EDSA seemed to readily interpret or locate their experience within a familiar discourse of revolution and mass action. -
Toward a Model for Historicising Translation in Hispanic Filipino
Translation (in/of/as) history: toward a model for historicising translation in Hispanic Filipino literature The International Journal for Translation & Interpreting Research trans-int.org Marlon James Sales University of Michigan, Ann Arbor/ KU Leuven [email protected] DOI: 10.12807/ti.111202.2019.a04 Abstract: The task of researching the history of translation within the framework of a national literature overlaps with the task of interrogating the uses of translation in imagining a nation’s history. Although translation may be represented in this context as a neutral and unproblematic search for equivalence between languages, translational acts have been employed, either wittingly or unwittingly, to privilege a past and inscribe it into the accepted national narrative. Such is the role of translation in the history of Hispanic Filipino literature. In this article I argue that the endeavour of writing a translation history using Hispanic Filipino texts is called upon to examine translation in history, of history and as history, that is, how translation operates as a material, method and mode of commemoration. Translation is considered here as a fundamental component in the production and mediation of a text. It fulfils a gatekeeping function through which historical information is repatriated into the national consciousness. Keywords: history of translation, Spanish Philippines, literatura hispanofilipina, Jose Rizal, Pedro Paterno, Isabelo de los Reyes 1. Introduction The Philippines is an underrepresented area in the study of Hispanism. While there is an awareness about the interconnections between this Southeast Asian archipelago and those regions we readily identify as Hispanic, attempts to investigate Filipino Hispanism are sparse and are often tinged with colonial nostalgia. -
List of Participating Stations for the Petron Ultimate Driving Collection Promo (October 27-31, 2020)
List of Participating Stations for the Petron Ultimate Driving Collection Promo (October 27-31, 2020) REGION CITY ADDRESS 1 VISAYAS MANDAUE H. ABELLANA ST. NATIONAL HIGHWAY MANDAUE CITY, CEBU 2 VISAYAS CEBU CITY S.OSMENA BLVD., TEJERO CEBU CITY, CEBU 3 VISAYAS CEBU CITY ARCHBISHOP REYES AVE. JUAN LUNA COR CEBU CITY 4 VISAYAS CEBU CITY B. RODRIGUEZ STREET, BO. CAPITOL CEBU CITY, CEBU 5 VISAYAS CEBU CITY V. RAMA AVENUE, GUADALUPE CEBU CITY, CEBU 6 MINDANAO DAVAO MAGYSAYSAY AVE. COR GUERRERO ST DAVAO CITY, DAVAO DEL SUR 7 MINDANAO DAVAO NATIONAL HIGHWAY, TIBUNGCO DAVAO CITY, DAVAO DEL SUR 8 MINDANAO DAVAO KM. 5 BUHANGIN DAVAO CITY, DAVAO DEL SUR 9 MINDANAO DAVAO NAT'L. H-WAY , BANGKAL DAVAO CITY, DAVAO DEL SUR 10 MINDANAO DAVAO MC ARTHUR HIGHWAY, MATINA DAVAO CITY, DAVAO DEL SUR 11 MINDANAO DAVAO NATIONA'L H-WAY, ULAS DAVAO CITY, DAVAO DEL SUR 12 MINDANAO DAVAO MC ARTHUR HIGHWAY, MATINA DAVAO CITY, DAVAO DEL SUR 13 MINDANAO GENERAL SANTOS NATIONAL HIGHWAY BRGY.NORTH GENERAL SANTOS CITY, SOUTH COTABATO 14 MINDANAO GENERAL SANTOS J. CATOLICO AVENUE, BRGY. LAGAO GENERAL SANTOS CITY, SOUTH COTABATO 15 MINDANAO GENERAL SANTOS CALUMPANG GENERAL SANTOS CITY, SOUTH COTABATO List of Participating Stations for the Petron Ultimate Driving Collection Promo (October 15-31, 2020) REGION CITY ADDRESS 1 NORTH LUZON DAGUPAN LUCAO DISTRICT, DAGUPAN CITY PANGASINAN (NEAR CALACSIAO DAGUPAN DIVERSION ROAD) 2 NORTH LUZON NUEVA ECIJA IDDS-BELENA ALEXANDER (NEAR MCDONALD'S) 3 NORTH LUZON NUEVA ECIJA MAHARLIKA HIGHWAY, CAANAWAN SAN JOSE CITY, NUEVA ECIJA (NEAR MAX's -
CHAPTER 1: the Envisioned City of Quezon
CHAPTER 1: The Envisioned City of Quezon 1.1 THE ENVISIONED CITY OF QUEZON Quezon City was conceived in a vision of a man incomparable - the late President Manuel Luis Quezon – who dreamt of a central place that will house the country’s highest governing body and will provide low-cost and decent housing for the less privileged sector of the society. He envisioned the growth and development of a city where the common man can live with dignity “I dream of a capital city that, politically shall be the seat of the national government; aesthetically the showplace of the nation--- a place that thousands of people will come and visit as the epitome of culture and spirit of the country; socially a dignified concentration of human life, aspirations and endeavors and achievements; and economically as a productive, self-contained community.” --- President Manuel L. Quezon Equally inspired by this noble quest for a new metropolis, the National Assembly moved for the creation of this new city. The first bill was filed by Assemblyman Ramon P. Mitra with the new city proposed to be named as “Balintawak City”. The proposed name was later amended on the motion of Assemblymen Narciso Ramos and Eugenio Perez, both of Pangasinan to “Quezon City”. 1.2 THE CREATION OF QUEZON CITY On September 28, 1939 the National Assembly approved Bill No. 1206 as Commonwealth Act No. 502, otherwise known as the Charter of Quezon City. Signed by President Quezon on October 12, 1939, the law defined the boundaries of the city and gave it an area of 7,000 hectares carved out of the towns of Caloocan, San Juan, Marikina, Pasig, and Mandaluyong, all in Rizal Province. -
Race and Ethnicity in the Era of the Philippine-American War, 1898-1914
Allegiance and Identity: Race and Ethnicity in the Era of the Philippine-American War, 1898-1914 by M. Carmella Cadusale Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2016 Allegiance and Identity: Race and Ethnicity in the Era of the Philippine-American War, 1898-1914 M. Carmella Cadusale I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: M. Carmella Cadusale, Student Date Approvals: Dr. L. Diane Barnes, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. David Simonelli, Committee Member Date Dr. Helene Sinnreich, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Dean of Graduate Studies Date ABSTRACT Filipino culture was founded through the amalgamation of many ethnic and cultural influences, such as centuries of Spanish colonization and the immigration of surrounding Asiatic groups as well as the long nineteenth century’s Race of Nations. However, the events of 1898 to 1914 brought a sense of national unity throughout the seven thousand islands that made the Philippine archipelago. The Philippine-American War followed by United States occupation, with the massive domestic support on the ideals of Manifest Destiny, introduced the notion of distinct racial ethnicities and cemented the birth of one national Philippine identity. The exploration on the Philippine American War and United States occupation resulted in distinguishing the three different analyses of identity each influenced by events from 1898 to 1914: 1) The identity of Filipinos through the eyes of U.S., an orientalist study of the “us” versus “them” heavily influenced by U.S. -
Producing Rizal: Negotiating Modernity Among the Filipino Diaspora in Hawaii
PRODUCING RIZAL: NEGOTIATING MODERNITY AMONG THE FILIPINO DIASPORA IN HAWAII A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ASIAN STUDIES AUGUST 2014 By Ai En Isabel Chew Thesis Committee: Patricio Abinales, Chairperson Cathryn Clayton Vina Lanzona Keywords: Filipino Diaspora, Hawaii, Jose Rizal, Modernity, Rizalista Sects, Knights of Rizal 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………..…5 Chapter 1 Introduction: Rizal as a Site of Contestation………………………………………………………………………………………....6 Methodology ..................................................................................................................18 Rizal in the Filipino Academic Discourse......................................................................21 Chapter 2 Producing Rizal: Interactions on the Trans-Pacific Stage during the American Colonial Era,1898-1943…………………………..………………………………………………………...29 Rizal and the Philippine Revolution...............................................................................33 ‘Official’ Productions of Rizal under American Colonial Rule .....................................39 Rizal the Educated Cosmopolitan ..................................................................................47 Rizal as the Brown Messiah ...........................................................................................56 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................66 -
Philippine History and Government
Remembering our Past 1521 – 1946 By: Jommel P. Tactaquin Head, Research and Documentation Section Veterans Memorial and Historical Division Philippine Veterans Affairs Office The Philippine Historic Past The Philippines, because of its geographical location, became embroiled in what historians refer to as a search for new lands to expand European empires – thinly disguised as the search for exotic spices. In the early 1400’s, Portugese explorers discovered the abundance of many different resources in these “new lands” heretofore unknown to early European geographers and explorers. The Portugese are quickly followed by the Dutch, Spaniards, and the British, looking to establish colonies in the East Indies. The Philippines was discovered in 1521 by Portugese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and colonized by Spain from 1565 to 1898. Following the Spanish – American War, it became a territory of the United States. On July 4, 1946, the United States formally recognized Philippine independence which was declared by Filipino revolutionaries from Spain. The Philippine Historic Past Although not the first to set foot on Philippine soil, the first well document arrival of Europeans in the archipelago was the Spanish expedition led by Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan, which first sighted the mountains of Samara. At Masao, Butuan, (now in Augustan del Norte), he solemnly planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking the sea and claimed possession of the islands he had seen for Spain. Magellan befriended Raja Humabon, the chieftain of Sugbu (present day Cebu), and converted him to Catholicism. After getting involved in tribal rivalries, Magellan, with 48 of his men and 1,000 native warriors, invaded Mactan Island. -
Jose Rizal : Re-Discovering the Revolutionary Filipino Hero in the Age of Terrorism
JOSE RIZAL : RE-DISCOVERING THE REVOLUTIONARY FILIPINO HERO IN THE AGE OF TERRORISM BY E. SAN JUAN, Jr. Fellow, WEB Du Bois Institute, Harvard University Yo la tengo, y yo espero que ha de brillar un dia en que venza la Idea a la fuerza brutal, que despues de la lucha y la lenta agonia, otra vzx mas sonora, mas feliz que la mi sabra cantar entonces el cantico triunfal. [I have the hope that the day will dawn/when the Idea will conquer brutal force; that after the struggle and the lingering travail,/another voice, more sonorous, happier than mine shall know then how to sing the triumphant hymn.] -- Jose Rizal, “Mi Retiro” (22 October 1895) On June 19, 2011, we are celebrating 150 years of Rizal’s achievement and its enduring significance in this new millennium. It seems fortuitous that Rizal’s date of birth would fall just six days after the celebration of Philippine Independence Day - the proclamation of independence from Spanish rule by General Emilio Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite, in 1898. In 1962 then President Diosdado Macapagal decreed the change of date from July 4 to June 12 to reaffirm the primacy of the Filipinos’ right to national self-determination. After more than three generations, we are a people still in quest of the right, instruments, and opportunity to determine ourselves as an autonomous, sovereign and singular nation-state. Either ironical or prescient, Aguinaldo’s proclamation (read in the context of US Special Forces engaged today in fighting Filipino socialists and other progressive elements) contains the kernel of the contradictions that have plagued the ruling elite’s claim to political legitimacy: he invoked the mythical benevolence of the occupying power. -
Gumuhit at Gumunita
G U M U H I T A T G U M U N I T A a p e r s o n a l i z e d i l l u s t r a t e d b o o k o f P h i l i p p i n e h e r o e s k u r i t . m a n o k B A R Y A S E R I E S : R E P R E S E N T A T I O N O F T H E F I L I P I N O H E R O E S O N P H I L I P P I N E C O I N A G E . On the one peso coin is Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine National Hero and a known ilustrado (translated as enlightened ones, or the elites that were mostly educated abroad, because they were forced to get out of the country in fear of being targeted by the Spaniards). Born in Calamba, Laguna, Rizal wrote the Noli Me Tangere(Germany in 1887) and El Filibusterismo (Belgium in 1891) During his study and stay at Spain, he became an active member of a newspaper La Solidaridad.And when he went back to Manila, formed his own civic movement, La Liga Filipina. On the five peso coin is Emilio Aguinaldo, first Philippine President, from Kawit, Cavite. He was the one who led the Declaration of Philippine Independence in Malolos, Bulacan, the first republic in Asia. -
Tayabas: the First Filipino City Beautiful Plan Ian Morley Department of History, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; [email protected]
The 18th International Planning History Society Conference - Yokohama, July 2018 Tayabas: The First Filipino City Beautiful Plan Ian Morley Department of History, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; [email protected] The historiography of the City Beautiful in the Philippines has, in broad terms, been dominated by two American planners, Daniel Burnham and William E. Parsons. In some ways this is to be expected: both individuals were known to have strong personalities; Burnham’s monumental 1905 plans for Manila and Baguio were central to a new urban design paradigm being manufactured in the country, a planning model which replaced the Spanish colonial spatial model based in the Law of the Indies (1573); and, Parsons from 1906 to 1914 as Consulting Architect to the Philippine Commission propagated the City Beautiful via comprehensive city plans and grand civic centre projects. But where in the Philippine City Beautiful narrative do Filipino planners fit? To date their role in the city planning picture during the American colonial era has been, at best, portrayed as minimal. However, given the author’s recent uncovering of new planning works by Filipinos, e.g. in Tayabas and Iloilo Province, is it pertinent to ask if planning historiography needs to be revised? Keywords: City Beautiful, the Philippines, American Colonization, Filipino architects, nationhood. Introduction City planning was a fundamental component of American colonial governance in the Philippines. It was used from the early-1900s to help ‘uplift’ and ‘civilize’ local society, and to additionally aid the American regime to demonstrate to Filipinos that a different cultural and political era had begun: urban designing in this political- cultural framework was used to not only remodel cities’ built fabrics so that they could be ‘modern’, but to also turn life within them away from church-lined plazas dating from the Spanish colonial period (1565-1898).