K. ENVIRONMENT (IEE AND EIA)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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K.1 IEE AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BY THE PROJECT ...... K - 1 K.1.1 Objectives of IEE ...... K - 1 K.1.2 Framework of IEE...... K - 1 K.1.3 Environmental Impact by Project Activities ...... K - 3 K.1.4 Result of IEE ...... K - 11

K.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) STUDY ...... K - 23 K.2.1 EIA Approach and Methodology ...... K - 23 K.2.2 Project Description...... K - 31 K.2.3 Environmental Impact ...... K - 35 K.2.4 Environmental Management, Monitoring and Intuitional Plans ...... K - 57

ANNEX K.1 RESULTS OF WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY SURVEY DURING IEE

ANNEX K.2 RESULTS OF WATER POLLUTION SOURCES SURVEY DURING IEE

ANNEX K.3 RESULT OF FIRST LEVEL SCOPING SESSION DURING EIA STUDY

ANNEX K.4 RESULT OF SECOND LEVEL SCOPING SESSION DURING EIA STUDY (NORTH MANILA)

ANNEX K.5 RESULT OF SECOND LEVEL SCOPING SESSION DURING EIA STUDY (SOUTH MANILA)

ANNEX K.6 RESULT OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN WORKSHOP DURING EIA STUDY

ANNEX K.7 STRUCTURAL MAPS ALONG ESTERO DE TRIPA DE GALLINA (PRIORITY PROJECTS AREA)

ANNEX K.8 DRAFT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

ANNEX K.9 DRAFT RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

LIST OF TABLES

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Table K.1.1 Target Sub-Components for IEE...... K - 2 Table K.1.2 Possible Environmental Impact and its Sources by Project Activities...... K - 4 Table K.1.3 Environmental Impact Matrix ...... K - 12 Table K.1.4 Result of Screening for the Projects...... K - 13 Table K.1.5 Categories of Proposed Project ...... K - 20 Table K.1.6 Result of Scoping for the Master Plan...... K - 21 Table K.2.1 Drainage Channel Water Sample Analyses...... K - 27 Table K.2.2 Sediment Sample Analyses ...... K - 28

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Table K.2.3 Sampling Stations for Ambient Air Quality Survey...... K - 28 Table K.2.4 Types and Sources of Environmental (Secondary) Data...... K - 30 Table K.2.5 Number of Affected Buildings Caused by Dredging of Estero de Tripa de Gallina...... K - 40 Table K.2.6 Number of Affected Buildings Caused by Construction of Drainage Main . K - 40 Table K.2.7 Matrix for Environmental Impacts during Pre-Construction and Construction Phases Without Mitigation (1/3) ...... K - 43 Table K.2.7 Matrix for Environmental Impacts during Pre-Construction and Construction Phases Without Mitigation (2/3) ...... K - 44 Table K.2.7 Matrix for Environmental Impacts during Pre-Construction and Construction Phases Without Mitigation (3/3) ...... K - 45 Table K.2.8 Expected Noise Levels from Construction Equipment, dB(A) ...... K - 46 Table K.2.9 DENR Standards for Noise in General Areas ...... K - 47 Table K.2.10 Matrix for Environmental Impacts During Operation Phase Without Mitigation ...... K - 53 Table K.2.11 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (1/4)...... K - 65 Table K.2.11 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (2/4)...... K - 66 Table K.2.11 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (3/4)...... K - 67 Table K.2.11 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (4/4)...... K - 68 Table K.2.12 Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) (1/3) ...... K - 70 Table K.2.12 Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) (2/3) ...... K - 71 Table K.2.12 Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) (3/3) ...... K - 72

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K.1 IEE AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BY THE PROJECT

K.1.1 OBJECTIVES OF IEE

In general, environmental impact assessment (EIA) comprises the whole environmental elements. EIA is a very important management tool for development project. EIA provides not only evaluation of environmental impact caused by implementation of the project but also information on changes and modification of the project including design of structure, construction methods and others before implementation in order to minimize environmental negative impact.

An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is a form of EIA. In general, the IEE is carried out in the early stage of projects. On the other hand, the Philippine Government established “Philippine EIA Law” or Presidential Decree No. 1586 of 1978. As mentioned in Chapter 2.9.3 of Main Report, the Philippine Government established the Philippine EIS system. DENR Administrative Order No. 30 of 2003, and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) for the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System include IEE. “As a document similar to EIS with reduced details and depth of assessment and discussion”.

However, in the Philippines IEE is carried out during feasibility stage. The IEE in this Study was carried out during the master plan stage. In this report, therefore, IEE is carried out by the Study Team based on JICA’s Social and Environmental Guidelines 2004.

IEE provides the following information through preparation of environmental impact matrix, screening, and scoping. ‐ To identify possible environmental impact caused by implementation of the proposed projects and programs based on available data and information and limited field reconnaissance, ‐ To recommend necessary preventive measure and modification of projects and programs, if necessary ‐ To suggest necessary environmental impact study such as IEE and/or EIS at feasibility study stage

K.1.2 FRAMEWORK OF IEE (1) Targets of IEE Target project for IEE consist of five sub-components including: ‐ Rehabilitation of pumping station ‐ Improvement of regional inundation problem in North Manila ‐ Improvement of regional inundation problem in South Manila ‐ Improvement of management facilities along esteros and drainage mains ‐ Dredging of other esteros and drainage mains Contents of target sub-components are shown in Table K.1.1.

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Table K.1.1 Target Sub-Components for IEE 1. Rehabilitation of pumping stations (1) Balut Pumping Station (9) Balete Pumping Station (2) Vitas Pumping Station (10) Paco Pumping Station (3) Escolta Pumping Station (11) San Andres Pumping Station (4) Binondo Pumping Station (12) Sta. Clara Pumping Station (5) Quiapo Pumping Station (13) Makati Pumping Station (6) Aviles Pumping Station (14) Libertad Pumping Station (7) Valencia Pumping Station (15) Tripa de Gallina Pumping Station (8) Pandacan Pumping Station 2. Improvement of regional inundation problem in North Manila Improvement of the existing drainage facilities within the Aviles-Sampaloc drainage block and the Maypajo-Blumentritt-Balut Drainage block. Major activities are: (1) Improvement of Estero de Sunog Apog/Maypajo (mainly dredging) (2) Declogging of Blumentritt interceptor (3) Remedial works of Blumentritt interceptor (4) Construction of a new interceptor (5) Other remedial works related to the new interceptor 3. Improvement of regional inundation problem in South Manila Improvement of the Libertad-Tripa de Gallina drainage block. Major activities are: (1) Improvement of parts of Estero de Tripa de Gallina (bottlenecks) (2) Dredging and declogging of secondary channels (3) Construction of new drainage mains 4. Improvement of management facilities along esteros and drainage mains Construction of facilities intended to facilitate maintenance and management of the drainage systems including: (1) Roads and related facilities along esteros (2) Manholes along drainage mains (3) 42 esteros with a total length of 72 km (4) 37 drainage mains with a total length of 34 km 5. Dredging of other esteros and drainage mains Dredging of the following drainage channels: (1) 42 esteros with a total length of 72 km (2) 37 drainage mains with a total length of 34 km

(2) Phasing of the Project The project activities can be divided into three phases such as Pre-Construction Phase, Construction Phase and Operation and Maintenance phase. The solutions of environmental impact caused by the project will be evaluated at each phase. Major activities are as follows:

Pre-construction phase ‐ Surveys ‐ Land acquisition ‐ Resettlement ‐ Employment of workers Construction Phases ‐ Traveling of construction vehicles ‐ Operation of heavy equipment, and ‐ Other construction activities.

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Operation and Maintenance Phase ‐ Existence of structure ‐ Nature of raw materials to be utilized and their source ‐ Processes and operation procedures of the project ‐ Maintenance under normal conditions ‐ Employment for operation and maintenance

(3) Information sources for preparation of IEE The following surveys were conducted in order to study IEE: ‐ Water quality survey ‐ Sediment quality survey ‐ Encroached building survey ‐ Structure survey ‐ Other field reconnaissance survey and secondary data analysis

K.1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BY PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Possible environmental impact caused by the master plan is shown in Table K.1.2.

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Table K.1.2 Possible Environmental Impact and its Sources by Project Activities Project Activities Sources of Environmental Impact Environmental Impact 1. Rehabilitation of Pumping Stations Pre-construction • employment of construction workers ¾ provide job to workers Î employment opportunity will be increased Phase Construction • transportation of construction equipment ¾ generate noise and air pollutants by Î noise level and air pollution level will be Phase and constriction of materials transportation of construction equipment and increased by transportation of construction • transportation of new pumps and other constriction materials equipment, construction materials and facilities/equipment ¾ increase traffic volume an access roads by new/used pumps on access roads. • removal and installation of transportation of construction equipment and Î traveling cars around pumping stations facilities/equipment construction materials where have no parking space will be • transportation of used ¾ generate noise and air pollutants by obstructed by parking construction vehicles facilities/equipment transportation of new and used pumps and Î construction waste will increased • transportation of construction waste other facilities/equipment ¾ generate noise by renovation of buildings, interior finishing work and exterior finishing work ¾ generation of construction waste

K -4 O & M Phase • operation of pumping stations ¾ generation of noise by operation of pumps Î flood risk will be decreased by stable • maintenance of pumping station operation under the capacity Î no significant environmental negative impact identified 2. Improvement of Regional Inundation Problems in North Manila Pre-construction • employment of construction workers ¾ providing job to workers Î employment opportunity will be increase Phase • cleaning of construction sites on Estero Î social uneasiness will be increased de Maypajo Construction Improvement of Estero de Sunog Apog / Improvement of Estero de Sunog Apog / Maypajo Improvement of Estero de Sunog Apog / Phase Maypajo ¾ temporary increase in traffic volume on Maypajo • transportation of construction equipment access roads by transportation of Î noise level and air pollutants level will be and construction materials construction equipment and construction increased temporary by transportation of • operation of construction equipment materials construction equipment and construction • dredging of Estero de Sunog ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants waste Apog/Maypajo by transportation of construction equipment Î noise and air pollution will be increased by • transportation and disposal of sediment and construction materials operation of heavy equipment from Estero de Sunog Apog / Maypajo ¾ generate noise and air pollutants by heavy Î unpleasant will be given to residents by Improvement of the inlet of Blumentritt equipment odor through dredging of sediment • transportation of construction equipment ¾ generate odor from dredged sediment Î life span of disposal site(s) will be reduced and construction materials ¾ temporary increase in traffic volume on by disposal for dreading of sediment, if • operation of construction equipment access roads by transportation of dredging dredged sediment will be disposed at

Project Activities Sources of Environmental Impact Environmental Impact • demolition of the existing inlet of sediment existing disposal site Blumentritt interceptor ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutant by Î noise level and air pollution level will be • construction of inlet structure at transportation of dredged sediment increased temporary by transportation of Blumentritt interceptor ¾ exude pollutants to water and soil from dredged sediment • transportation of construction waste disposed dredged sediment Î water and soil pollution may occur by Dredging of Blumentritt Interceptor Improvement of the inlet of Blumentritt disposal of sediment at disposal site(s) • transportation of construction equipment ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access Improvement of the inlet of Blumentritt and construction materials roads by transportation of heavy equipment Î noise level and air pollution level will be • removal of sediment from Blumentritt and construction materials increased temporary by transportation of Interceptor ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants construction equipment and construction • transportation and disposal of sediment by transportation of heavy equipment and materials from Blumentritt Interceptor construction materials Î noise level and air pollution level will be • disposal of dredged sediment from ¾ generate noise and air pollutants by operation increased by operation of heavy equipment Blumentritt Interceptor of heavy equipment Î noise level and air pollution level will be Construction of a new interceptor at Sampaloc ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutant by increased by transportation of construction transportation of dredged sediment waste • transportation of construction equipment Dredging of Blumentritt Interceptor Dredging of Blumentritt Interceptor and construction materials ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access Î traffic at construction sites will be • operation of construction equipment roads by transportation of construction obstructed around construction sites • removal and re-installation of

K -5 equipment and construction materials Î noise and air pollutants level will be underground installations ¾ temporary generation of noise and air increased temporary by transportation of • excavation of road for installation of pollutants by transportation of construction construction equipment and construction culvert equipment and construction materials materials • installation of culvert ¾ partially stop the traffic around construction Î noise and air pollution will be increased • transportation of surplus soil sites on Blumentritt Interceptor temporary by transportation of dredged • transportation of construction waste ¾ generate noise and air pollutants by operation sediment • pavement of road of construction equipment Î life span of disposal site(s) will be reduced ¾ generate odor from dredged sediment by disposal for dreading of sediment, if ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access dredged sediment will be disposed at roads by transportation of dredged sediment existing disposal site ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants Î water and soil pollution may occur by by transportation of removed sediment disposal of sediment ¾ temporary generation of noise and air Construction of a new interceptor at Sampaloc pollutants by transportation of dredged Î noise level and air pollution level will be sediment increased by transportation of construction ¾ exude pollutants to water and soil from equipment and construction materials disposed dredged sediment Î current traffic will be obstructed around Construction of a new interceptor at Sampaloc construction sites by excavation, and ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access installation of culvert

Project Activities Sources of Environmental Impact Environmental Impact roads by transportation of construction Î noise and vibration level and air pollution equipment and construction materials level especially dust will be increased by ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants excavation work by transportation of construction equipment Î life span of disposal sites will be reduced and construction materials by disposal for excavated surplus soil, if ¾ partially stop the traffic around construction excavate soil will be disposed at the sites existing of disposal site. ¾ generate noise, vibration and dust from excavation for installation of culvert ¾ transport surplus soil and construction waste ¾ generate noise and air pollutant by transportation of surplus soil and construction waste ¾ temporary stop services O & M Phase Improvement of Estero de Maypajo ¾ flow discharge water Î no significant negative environmental • existence of rehabilitated structure impact identified Improvement of the inlet of Blumentritt Î flood risk will be decrease • existence of new inlet structure

K -6 Dredging of Blumentritt Interceptor • flowing water under the ground Construction of a new interceptor at Sampaloc • flowing water under the ground 3. Improvement of Regional Inundation Problems in South Manila Pre-construction • employment of construction workers ¾ providing job to workers Î providing job to workers Phase • cleaning of construction sites on Estero ¾ relocate informal settlers who live at some Î cleaning of constriction site of Estero de de Tripa de Gallina bottle neck sections of Estero de Tripa de Tripe de Gallina • resettlement of informal settles at some Gallina Î social uneasiness will be increased bottle neck sections of Estero de Tripa de Gallina Construction Improvement of Estero de Tripa de Gallina Improvement of Estero de Tripa de Gallina Improvement of Estero de Tripa de Gallina Phase • transportation of construction equipment ¾ temporary increase in traffic volume on Î noise level and air pollution level will be and construction materials access roads by transportation of increased temporary by transportation of • operation of heavy equipment construction equipment and construction construction equipment and construction • dredging at Estero de Tripa de Gallina materials materials • transportation and disposal of sediment ¾ partially stop the traffic on roads Î noise level and air pollution level will be from Estero de Tripa de Gallina ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants increased by operation of heavy equipment • disposal of dredged sediment from by transportation of construction equipment Î dust, noise and vibration levels will be Estero de Tripa de Gallina and construction materials increased by demolition work Dredging of PNR canal ¾ generate noise and air pollutants by operation Î temporary traffic will be obstructed at

Project Activities Sources of Environmental Impact Environmental Impact • transportation of construction equipment of heavy equipment construction sites and construction materials ¾ generate odor from dredged sediment Î unpleasant odor will be given to residents • operation of heavy equipment ¾ temporary increase in traffic volume on by odor through dredging of sediment • demolition of structure within canal access roads by transportation of dredged Î life of disposal site will be reduced by • dreading of sediment on canal sediment disposal for dredged sediment, if dredged • transportation of dredged sediment from ¾ generate noise and air pollutant by sediment will be disposed at the existing PNR canal to disposal site(s) transportation of dredged sediment and disposal site • disposal of dredged sediment from PNR construction waste Î water and soil pollution may occur by canal ¾ exude pollutants to water and soil from disposal of dredged sediment Construction of new drainage mains disposed dredged sediment Î generate noise level and air pollution level • transportation of construction equipment Dredging of PNR canal will be increased temporary by and construction materials ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access transportation of construction waste roads by transportation of construction Dredging of PNR canal • operation of heavy equipment equipment and materials Î noise level and air pollution level will be • removal and re-installation of ¾ partially stop the traffic on roads for increased temporarily by transportation of underground installation construction construction equipment and construction • excavation of road for installation of ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants materials culvert by transportation of construction equipment Î noise level and air pollution level will be • installation of culvert and construction materials increased by operation of heavy equipment • transportation of surplus soil K -7 ¾ generate dust, noise and vibration by Î temporary traffic will be obstructed at • transportation of construction waste demolition of structures within PNR canal construction sites • pavement of road ¾ generate odor from dredged sediment Î unpleasant odor will be emitted to residents ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access through dredging roads by transportation of dredged sediment Î life of disposal site will be reduced, if ¾ increase traffic volume on access roads by dredged sediment will be disposed at the transportation of dredged sediment existing disposal site ¾ generate noise and air pollution by Î water and soil pollution may occur by transportation of dredged sediment and disposal of dredged sediment construction work Î noise level and air pollution level will be ¾ exude pollutants to water and soil from increased by transportation of construction disposed dredged sediment waste Construction of a new drainage main Construction of a new drainage main ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access Î noise level and air pollution level will be roads by transportation of construction increased by transportation of construction equipment and construction materials equipment and construction materials ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants Î current traffic will be obstructed around by transportation of construction equipment construction sites by excavation work and and construction materials installation of culvert ¾ partially stop the traffic around construction Î life of disposal site will be reduced, if

Project Activities Sources of Environmental Impact Environmental Impact sites excavated soil will be disposed at the ¾ generate noise, vibration and dust from existing disposal site excavation due to installation of culvert from transportation vehicle for construction waste ¾ generate noise, vibration and dust by excavation for installation of culvert ¾ temporary stop services which are installed underground O & M Phase Improvement of Estero de Tripa de Gallina ¾ flow discharge water Î no significant negative environmental • existence of rehabilitated structure impact identified Dredging of PNR canal Î flood risk will be decreased • existence of rehabilitated structure Construction of a new interceptor at Sampaloc • flowing water under the ground 4. Improvement of Management Facilities along Esteros and Drainage Mains Pre-construction • land acquisition for construction of ¾ providing job to workers Î employment opportunity will be increase Phase maintenance roads and facilities Î social uneasiness will be increased • employment of construction workers K -8 Construction Roads and related facilities along esteros Roads and related facilities along esteros Roads and related facilities along esteros Phase • transportation of construction equipment ¾ temporary increase traffic volume by Î noise level and air pollution level will be and materials transportation of construction equipment and increased temporary by transportation of • operation of heavy equipment construction materials construction equipment and construction • pavement a part of roads along esteros ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants materials • transportation of construction waste by transportation of construction equipment Î dust, noise and vibration levels will be Manholes along drainage mains and materials increased by demolition work • transportation of construction equipment ¾ generate dust, noise and vibration by Î temporary traffic will be obstructed at and materials demolition work for structures within construction sites • installation of manhole facilities with maintenance road and other facilities Î life span of landfill site will be reduced by drainage main ¾ partially stop the traffic around construction disposal of construction waste due to • transportation of construction waste sites demolishment of structures, if waste will be ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutant disposed at landfill site from transportation of construction waste Manholes along drainage mains ¾ dispose construction waste from demolition of Î noise level and air pollution level will be structure increased temporary by transportation of Manholes along drainage mains construction equipment, construction ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access materials and waste roads by transportation of construction Î current traffic at construction sites will be equipment and construction materials obstructed by installation of manholes with ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants drainage mains

Project Activities Sources of Environmental Impact Environmental Impact by transportation of construction equipment and materials ¾ partially stop the traffic around construction sites of manhole construction ¾ generate dust, noise and vibration level will be increased by demolition work ¾ generate noise and air pollutant from transportation of construction waste ¾ increase traffic volume on access roads by transportation of construction work O & M Phase • maintenance of roads and facilities along ¾ temporary stop traveling cars around ¾ no significant negative impact identified esteros manholes for maintenance of drainage mains ¾ flood risk will be decrease • maintenance of drainage mains 5. Dredging of Other Esteros and Drainage Mains Pre-construction • cleaning of construction sites • employment of construction workers Î employment opportunity will be increase Phase • employment of construction workers • relocated informal settlers who live within Î social uneasiness will be increased • resettlement of informal settlers who live esteros within esteros Construction Dredging of esteros Dredging of esteros Dredging of Esteros K -9 Phase • transportation of construction equipment ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access Î noise level and air pollution level will be and construction materials roads by transportation of construction increased by transportation of construction • operation of heavy equipment equipment and materials equipment and construction materials • demolishment of structure within canal ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants Î noise and air pollution will be increased by • dreading of sediment on esteros by transportation of construction equipment operation of heavy equipment • transportation of dredged sediment from and construction materials Î temporary traffic will be constructed at esteros to disposal site(s) ¾ partially stop the traffic on roads for construction sites • disposal of dredged sediment from construction Î unpleasant odor will be emitted to residents esteros ¾ generate dust, noise and vibration by through dredging Dredging of drainage main demolition of structures within esteros Î life of disposal site will reduced, if dredged • transportation of construction equipment ¾ generate noise and air pollutants by sediment will be disposed at the existing and construction materials transportation of dredged sediment disposal site ¾ temporary generate odor from dredged Î water and soil pollution may occur by • removal of sediment from drainage sediment disposal site of dredged sediment mains ¾ exude pollutants to water and soil from Î noise level and air pollution level will be • transportation and disposal of sediment disposed dredged sediment increased by transportation of and from drainage mains ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access construction waste • disposal of dredged sediment from roads by transportation of dredged sediment Dredging of drainage mains drainage mains ¾ generate noise and air pollution by Î traffic at construction sites will be transportation of dredged sediment obstructed around construction sites by

Project Activities Sources of Environmental Impact Environmental Impact Dredging of drainage mains construction activities ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access Î noise and air pollutants level will be roads by transportation of construction increased by transportation of construction equipment and construction materials equipment and construction materials ¾ temporary generation of noise and air Î noise and air pollution will be increased pollutants by transportation of construction temporary by transportation of dredged equipment and construction materials sediment ¾ partially stop the traffic around construction Î life span of disposal site(s) will be reduced sites of drainage mains by disposal for dreading of sediment, if ¾ generate noise and air pollutants by operation dredged sediment will be disposed at of construction equipment existing disposal site ¾ generate odor from dredged sediment Î water and soil pollution may occur by ¾ temporary increase traffic volume on access disposal of sediment roads by transportation of dredged sediment ¾ temporary generate noise and air pollutants by transportation of removed sediment ¾ temporary generation of noise and air pollutants by transportation of dredged K -10 sediment ¾ exude pollutants to water and soil from disposed dredged sediment O & M Phase • maintenance of esteros ¾ flood risk will be decrease Î no significant negative environmental • maintenance of drainage mains impact Î flood risk will be decreased

K.1.4 RESULT OF IEE (1) Environmental Impact Matrix An environmental impact matrix is used as a checklist of environmental impact. Environmental elements of impact matrix are based on DENR Form-2 named First Level Scoping. Other environmental elements were added into original element of DENR Format-2. Scoping (DPWH: Social and Environmental Management System Operations and Manual 2003). Environmental impact is evaluated including not only negative impact but also positive impact. Environmental evaluation elements are shown in Table K.1.3.

(2) Screening 1) JICA Screening In the context of the IEE, screening is the process of deciding upon the level of environmental review required. JICA formulated Guidelines for Environmental and Social Consideration in 2004. The JICA Screening Format is a tool used to screen whether the project would bring about negative impacts on the environment and social aspect. Result of screening which follows the format of JICA Guidelines is shown in Table K.1.4.

K - 11 Dredging oftheestorsanddrainagemains Improvement ofManagementfacilitiesalongesterosordrainagemains Improvement ofregionalinundationprobleminSouthManil Improvement ofregionalinundationprobleminNorthManil Rehabilitation ofPumpingStations Project Details Environmental ImpactScore: DredgingofDrainageMains Dredgingofesteros 42 esteroswithatotallengthof74km 37 Drainagemainswitatotallengthof35km Manholes alongdrainagemains Roads andrelatedfacilitiesalongtheesteros Construction ofnewdrainagemains Dredging andDecloggingofSecondaryChannels Bottlenecks) Improvement ofpartsEsterodeTripadeGallina( Other remedialworksrelatedtothenewinterceptor Construction ofanewinterceptor Declogging ofBlumentrittinterceptor Remedial WorksofBulmentrittInterceptor Improvement ofEsterodeMaypajo(mainlydredging) Tripa deGallinaPumpingStation Libertad PumpingStation Makati PumpingStation Sta ClaraPumpingStation Pandacan PumpingStation Valencia PumpingStation Aviles PumpingStation Quiapo PumpingStation Binondo PumpingStation San AndersonPumpingStation Paco PumpingStation BaletePumping Station Escolta PumpingStatin Vitas PumpingStation Balut PumpingStation + elgbepstv matC-:Negligiblenegativeimpact B-:Moderatenegativeimpact A-:Significantnegativeimpact C+: Negligiblepositiveimpact B+: Moderatepositiveimpact A+: Significantpositiveimpact :UcerBlank:Nonegativeandpositiveimpact causedbyprojectactivities ?: Unclear Table K.1.3EnvironmentalImapctMatrix a a Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-Construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction Pre-construction O &M Construction

K-12 +C+ C+ Land Use Land Features and Uses Topography/Physiography -?C C- C- C- C- ? C- C- ? B- ? C- C- C- C- ? B- C- ? B- C- C- C- ? C- ? C- C- ? ? C- C- ? C- ? ? Geology /Soils -B -B -B- C- B- B- B- B- C- C- B- B- B- C- Aesthetics Species and

Terrestrial fauna Ecosystem Terrestrial Flora Aquatic Fauna Aquatic Flora -B- C- C- B- B- C- B- C- C- C-

Air Quality Air andWater Surface Water Quality Ground Water Quality -C C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- -C C- C- C- Noise vibration -C+ B- C+ B- C+ B- C+ B- C+ B- Population/ Sattlement C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ Socia-econoic Consideration Employment /Livelihood Health Hazzardous Substance -C- C- C- C- C- C- C- Solid Waste

Transportation Cultural and HistoricalValue Resource use Competion Accessibility

Table K.1.4 Result of Screening for the Projects

JICA GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS

Screening Format

Name of the Proposed Project: Drainage Improvement in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila

Project Executing Organization: Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) or Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Name of Officer: Position: Tel. Nos.: Fax No.: E-mail Address

CHECK ITEMS

1. Address of Project Site: Metropolitan Manila, Philippines

• Major portion of Manila City • Parts of Caloocan City, Quezon City, Makati City, Pasay City and Municipality of Taguig

2. Outline of the Project 2-1 Does the project come under the following sectors? ■Yes □No

If yes, please mark the corresponding items

□Mining development □Industrial development □Thermal power (including geothermal power) □Hydropower, dams and reservoirs ■River/erosion control

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□Power transmission and distribution lines □Roads, railways and bridges □Airports □Ports and harbors □Water supply, sewage and waste treatment □Agriculture involving large-scale land clearing or irrigation □Forestry □Fishery □Tourism 2-2 Does the project include any of the following items? ■Yes □No If yes, please mark the following items that the project includes ■ Involuntary resettlement (scale: 5,500 households persons) □Groundwater pumping (scale: m3/year) □Land reclamation, land development and land clearing (scale: hectares) □Logging (scale: hectares)

2-3 Description of the Project: (Scale and/or Basic Information) The Project involves: (1) rehabilitation of pumping stations, (2) improvement of the regional inundation problem in North Manila, (3) Improvement of the regional inundation area in South Manila, (4) Improvement of management facilities along esteros and drainage mains, and (5) dredging of other esteros and drainage mains. Each of these sub-projects is described below: (1) Rehabilitation of Pumping Stations The project plans to rehabilitate fifteen (15) pumping stations in the core area of Metropolitan Manila. These are: (i) Balut Pumping Station (ix) Balete Pumping Station (ii) Vitas Pumping Station (x) Paco Pumping Station (iii) Escolta Pumping Station (xi) San Andres Pumping Station (iv) Binondo Pumping Station (xii) Sta. Clara Pumping Station (v) Quiapo Pumping Station (xiii) Makati Pumping Station (vi) Aviles Pumping Station (xiv) Libertad Pumping Station (vii) Valencia Pumping Station (xv) Tripa de Gallina Pumping Station (viii) Pandacan Pumping Station (2) Improvement of regional inundation problem in North Manila This would involve improvement of the existing drainage facilities within Aviles-Sampaloc drainage block and Maypajo-Blumentritt-Balut Drainage block. Specifically, this would involve: (i) Improvement of Estero de Sunog Apog / Maypajo (mainly dredging)

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(ii) Remedial works of Blumentritt interceptor (iii) Declogging of Blumentritt interceptor (iv) Construction of a new interceptor (v) Other remedial works related to the new interceptor (3) Improvement of the regional inundation problem in South Manila This involves improvement of Libertad-Tripa de Gallina drainage block. Specifically, this would involve: (i) Improvement of parts of Estero de Tripa de Gallina (bottlenecks) (ii) Dredging and declogging of secondary channels (iii) Construction of new drainage mains (4) Improvement of management facilities along esteros and drainage mains This would involve construction of facilities intended to facilitate maintenance and management of the drainage systems. Among these are: (i) Roads and related facilities along esteros (ii) Manholes along drainage mains (iii) 42 esteros with a total length of 72 km (iv) 37 drainage mains with a total length of 34 km (5) Dredging of other esteros and drainage mains This would involve dredging of the following drainage channels: ƒ 42 esteros with a total length of 72 km ƒ 37 drainage mains with a total length of 34 km 2-4 Is the project consistent with the higher program/policy ■Yes: Please describe the higher program/policy. □No On the national level, the project is consistent with the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (2001-2004), which emphasizes: ƒ Flood relief by improving the drainage system structure and increasing capacity with additional facilities, and ƒ Establishment of more appropriate and well-coordinated mechanism among the MMDA and LGUs on drainage system and solid waste collection and disposal system such as waste segregation facilities, waste reduction programs and new landfills On the regional level, the project is in line with the programs for flood control embodied in the “NCR Development Plan 2001-2004” which identified the following flood control strategies: ƒ To provide a physical framework for drainage system for the adaptive use from national to local levels ƒ To provide an effective mechanism for a better coordination among stakeholders in the design until the implementation of the policy, plan and project ƒ To design a regular maintenance of the facilities. Furthermore, the “Medium-Term Investment Plan 2001-2005” of MMDA included programs on flood control and sewerage management.

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2-5 Did the proponent consider alternatives before this request? □Yes: Please describe outline of the alternatives. ■No Did the proponent have meetings with the related stakeholders before this request? ■Yes: □No If yes, please mark the corresponding stakeholders ■ Administrative body □ Local residents ■ NGO ■ Others (Organizations including schools, hospitals, clinics, government offices, banks, private companies, small businesses, transport sector, and small industries) These were carried out through the three social surveys conducted during the study, namely: ƒ The house-to-house survey conducted from among 542 households in 78 barangays coming from the low-income including informal settlers, middle-income and high-income families. ƒ The key informant survey with respondents coming from the barangay leaders, heads or responsible persons from organizations, teachers, priests or pastors ƒ The survey questionnaire to various institutions, schools, government offices, hospitals, NGOs, big and small businesses The above surveys are intended to get initial perceptions about the proposed project and are not considered as public consultations. Public consultations will be conducted during the full-scale environmental impact study. 2-6 Is the project a new one or an on-going one? In case of an on-going one, have you received strong complaints, etc. from local residents?

□New □On-going (there are complaints) □On-going (there are no complaints) ■Others (Improvement and rehabilitation of the existing structures and facilities) 3. Name(s) of laws or guidelines PD 1186 - Philippine Impact Assessment System DAO 96-37 Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 1186 DAO 2003-30 Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 1186 superceding DAO 96- (Procedural Manual for this DAO is not yet available) Is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) including Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) requir for the project according to the laws or guidelines in the host country? ■Yes □No If yes, please mark corresponding items □Required only IEE ( □Implemented, □ On-going, □planning)

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□Required both EIA and IEE ( □Implemented, □ On-going, □planning) ■Required only EIA ( □Implemented, □ On-going, ■planning) □Others:

4. In the case when EIA steps were taken, was the EIA approved by the relevant laws in the host country? If yes, please mark data of approval and the competent authority

□ Approved: without □ Approved: with □ Under appraisal supplementary condition supplementary condition (Date of approval: Competent authority: )

■Not yet started an appraisal process

□ Others: ( )

5. If the project requires a certificate pertaining to the environment and society other than the EIA, please indicate the title of that certificate;

□Already certified ■Required a certificate but not yet done □Title of the certificate: Title of the certificate: (Endorsement from LGUs) □Not required □Others

6. Are any of the following areas located inside or around the project site? ■Yes □No

If yes, please mark corresponding items

□National park, protected area designated by the government (coast line, wetlands, reserved area for ethnic or indigenous people, cultural heritage), and areas being considered for national parks or protected areas □Virgin forests, tropical forests □Ecological important habitat areas (coral reef, mangrove, wetland, tidal flats) □Habitat of valuable species protected by domestic laws or international treaties □Likely salts cumulus or soil erosion areas on a massive scale □Remarkable desertification trend areas ■Archeological, historical or cultural valuable areas The City of Manila is the seat of Philippine history and is host to many valuable historical and cultural areas. These include the churches like Quiapo Church, Manila Cathedral, and Binondo Church; historical landmarks like the Philippine Post Office Building, Plaza Lawton, Jones Bridge, Fort Santiago, Luneta Park, Manila Hotel. Pasig River is a historical site itself. The City of Manila especially the district of Binondo was

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the center of trade and industry from the pre-hispanic era until the late 1970’s. □Living areas of ethnic, indigenous people or nomads who have a traditional lifestyle or special socially valuable areas

7. Does the project have adverse impacts on the environment and local communities? ■Yes □No □Not identified Reason: (1) The project will require relocation of informal settlers occupying portions of the waterways. (2) The project will generate large volume of potentially contaminated dredged materials and disposed solid waste (3) The project might affect the flow of traffic along major thoroughfares

8. Please mark related environmental and social impacts, and describe their outlines.

■ Air pollution ■ Involuntary resettlement □ Water pollution □ Local economy such as employment and livelihood, etc. □ Soil Pollution □ Land use and utilization of local resources ■ Waste □ Social institutions such as social infrastructure and local decision-making institutions ■ Noise and vibration ■ Existing social infrastructure and services □ Ground subsidence □ The poor, indigenous or ethnic group ■ Offensive Odors □ Misdistribution of benefit and damage □ Geographical features □ Local conflict of interests □ Bottom sediment □ Gender □ Biota and ecosystem □ Children’s rights □ Water usage □ Cultural heritage ■ Accidents □ Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, etc □ Global warming ■ Others (Water-borne diseases, e.g. cholera, typhoid fever )

Outline of related impacts:

Air pollution – The project activities will generate air pollutants particularly dust and other air pollutants such as Nox and COs from transportation, operation of construction equipment, excavation works, and other construction works as well as from the dried dredged sediment that contain much silt. These will create nuisance to the public and add on to the worsening air pollution problem already being experienced in Metro Manila

Solid Waste – Large volume of solid wastes in the form of dredged sediment including refuse, construction debris will be generated during the construction phase. If people still throw refuse,

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sediment may contain refuse so that sediment including refuse may be generated during operation and maintenance phase. Improper handling of these wastes might inconvenience the public, cause nuisance, health hazards or contaminate water and soil.

Noise and vibration – Depending on the construction method and type of equipment to be used, noise and vibration beyond allowable levels might be produced and inconvenience the public, particularly at night or near noise-sensitive areas such as hospitals, schools and churches. The construction method must ensure that the maximum allowable limits for noise as prescribed based on P.D 984 will not be exceeded.

Offensive odors – The project will involve desilting/dredging of estoros. The esteros have very offensive (stinky) odor. It is expected that the odor will become more offensive when the garbage/bottom sediment gets disturb by the desilting or dredging operations.

Involuntary resettlement – Several hundred informal settler families that are encroaching on the esteros will have to be resettled as they will be affected by the dredging operation.

Existing social infrastructure and services – The existing roads in the project area are almost always heavily occupied. The construction/improvement works on the drainage mains and laterals located in busy streets might render traffic conditions worse. Traffic problem creates a web of many other problems that may finally affect socio-economic conditions. Among these are public disturbance, longer travel time for commuters and motorists, delay in reaching destinations and consequently in performing personal and economic activities, effect on business, commerce, etc.

Water-borne diseases –The workers that will be involved in the dredging/desilting operations may be exposed to the contaminated water from the esteros and drainage channels, which is at risk of acquiring water-borne diseases such as typhoid, cholera and diarrhea.

10. Information disclosure and meetings with stakeholders

10-1 If environmental and social considerations are required, does the proponent agree on information disclosure and meetings with stakeholders in accordance with JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations? ■Yes □No

10-2 If no, please describe the reasons below:

Screen Format: Guidelines for Environmental and Social Consideration, 2004

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2) Categories of the Project The proposed projects are categorized based on the JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations and on Philippine environmental regulations, specifically DAO 96-37 and DAO 2003-30, as follows:

Table K.1.5 Categories of Proposed Project Project JICA DAO 96-37 DAO 2003-30 1. Rehabilitation of pumping stations Category C ECA Category C 2. Improvement of regional inundation Category A ECP Category A problem in North Manila 3. Improvement of regional inundation Category A ECP Category A problem in South Manila 4. Improvement of management facilities Category A ECP Category A along esteros and drainage mains 5. Dredging of esteros and drainage mains Category A ECP Category A Described below are relevant sections of the JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Consideration (2004) and applicable regulations of the Philippine Government that were used as basis in categorizing the project. JICA

Guidelines for Environmental and Social Consideration (April 2004).

Section 2.5 of the Guidelines states that Projects are classified as Category A if they are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the environment and society. Projects with complicated impacts or unprecedented impacts, which are difficult to assess or which have a wide range of impacts or irreversible impacts, are also classified as Category A. Projects are also classified as Category A if they require a detailed environmental impact assessment by environmental laws and standards of the recipient governments. The impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical construction. Category A, in principle, includes projects in sensitive sectors (i.e., characteristics that are liable to cause adverse environmental impact) and projects located in or near sensitive areas.

DAO 96-37 and its Procedural Manual.

Section 3 (h) Article I of the DAO and Chapter 2 of the Procedural Manual stipulate that major infrastructure projects are environmentally critical projects that would require full-scale environmental impact assessment (EIA). Although dredging and drainage improvement projects are not included in the list of major projects, the Procedural Manual recommends the conduct of EIA instead of IEE for projects that will affect an area of more than 10 ha.

The rehabilitation of pumping stations will be considered a project in an Environmentally Critical Area (ECA) for which an IEE either in a form of a checklist or a more detailed IEE will be required. Under DAO 96-37, the conduct of EIA or IEE studies goes almost through the same process. The difference only lies in the level of scoping required. IEE does not require the conduct of second level scoping and preparation of a scoping report which is a compulsory requirement for EIA.

For selected projects falling under the ECA category, the DENR has pre-prepared checklists to facilitate their evaluation. However, there is no such checklist for pumping facilities. This implies that the IEE study for the project would follow the process EIA process without second

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level scoping.

DAO 2003-30, the revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) for the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).

Based on this DAO Category A projects are Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs), which means that it has significant potential to cause negative environmental impacts. A full-scale environmental impact assessment is required for such projects.

Category C projects are Projects that are intended to address environmental problems whose implementation has no significant potential to cause negative environmental impacts. The rehabilitation of the pumping stations fall under this category if implemented alone but will fall under Category A is implemented with the other components.

(3) Scoping Scoping is the process of determining the issues to be addressed, the recommendations on measures to mitigate or offset the adverse impacts that should be considered in planning the implementation of the project and recommendations on monitoring requirements to be considered for the project.

The recommended mitigating measures and monitoring requirements are described below. These measures will apply to any project and project phase where the issues were identified.

Table K.1.6 Result of Scoping for the Master Plan Monitoring and Institutional Issues Mitigating Measures Requirements Air pollution • All vehicles and equipment that will be used Emissions test reports for vehicles must pass the emissions tests prescribed by and equipment the Clean Air Act. Monitor level of air pollutants • Proper management of construction compared with Air pollution activities including storage and transport of Standards, RA No.8749, 1999, dredged sediment and garbage to minimize Clean Air Act generation of dust should be included in an Form a monitoring team to monitor environmental management plan that compliance with the environmental should form part of project implementation management plan plan Transport and • Temporary storage and transport of dredged Monitor compliance with disposal of materials must be considered in the requirements during implementation bottom sediment construction plan. stage. For disposal arrangements, and garbage • Identify landfill site for disposal before coordinate with LGUs where construction. Temporary storage, transport sanitary landfills exist, otherwise and disposal should conform to RA 9003. plan for the construction of a sanitary landfill. Noise and • Proper scheduling of activities to avoid use Identify location of noise and vibration of noise and vibration producing equipment vibration sensitive areas so that during critical periods of the day like works schedules should be prepared nighttime and early mornings and near taking these into account. sensitive areas like church, schools, Monitor noise level compared with hospitals. Avoid use of much noise and Noise Standards vibration producing-equipment as much as Monitoring team to monitor possible compliance during implementation • Should form part of environmental stage. management plan during construction

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Monitoring and Institutional Issues Mitigating Measures Requirements Offensive odors • Employ proper construction technique, Review and approval by proper management of spoils and application of authorities (e.g., DPWH, MMDA, odor-reducers (where practicable). This DENR) of environmental plan for should also form part of the environmental construction before actual works. If management plan during construction. odor-reducers will be applied, type of odor-reducers must be environment-friendly and must be environmentally acceptable. This should be an item in compliance monitoring. Accidents • Sufficient provisions for prevention of Review and approval by proper accidents to workers like safety gadgets. authorities (e.g., DPWH, MMDA, Proper construction methods and safety DENR) of environmental plan for precautions can prevent risks to workers, construction before actual works. pedestrians and motorists, e.g. warning Monitoring team to monitor signs, temporary cover for excavated areas, compliance. proper management of stockpile of construction materials or spoils from excavation, etc. All safety precautions and construction methods to prevent risks to workers’ and public’s life and health must be detailed in environmental management plan for construction. Involuntary • This should be addressed before deciding Monitoring of resettlement aspects Resettlement to proceed with the project. Much is better handled by a resettlement preparatory works such as public monitoring task force that must be consultations is needed to get conformity of created specifically for the project. all affected families to resettle. It is advised The task force must have varied that resettlement action plan that will look sectoral representation. The deep into the issue of resettlement be monitoring task force must be prepared to serve as guide in the conduct of created even before the preparation negotiations, resettlement site identification of the RAP so that they can and development before deciding on participate in the RAP planning pursuing the project. The concerns of process. Institutional responsibilities affected families must be the primary will be determined by the task force consideration in the preparation of the RAP. members themselves. Existing social • Proper construction techniques and Coordination with the MMDA and and precautionary measures employed during concerned LGUs in preparing the infrastructure construction can minimize the impact of traffic management plan. services activities on utilities such water, telephone and electrical connections. However as traffic problems usually cause a host of many other problems as seen from the screening process, it is highly advisable to look deeper into the traffic management aspect of the project. A traffic management plan needs to be drawn out to ensure that the project will not add on to the traffic problems being experienced in the project areas. Water-borne • Sufficient precautionary measures for Compliance should be included in diseases workers considering their anticipated the monitoring plan. exposure to unsanitary conditions of the project sites should be taken into account in environmental management plan for construction.

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K.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) STUDY

K.2.1 EIA APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The DPWH as the Project Proponent and the JICA Study Team has diligently followed the methodological approach prescribed in the Procedural Manual of DAO 96-37 and DAO 2003-30, the most recently issued Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) for the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System (PD 1586).

Among the key features of the EIA approach and methodology adopted in this assessment include: 1. Experienced EIS preparers were involved as member of the EIA Study Team to prepare the EIS for the project to assure quality of the submittal; 2. The project proponent avails of the EMB-DENR fast-track EIS processing and review; 3. Social acceptability of the project has been given equal importance with that of the anticipated environmental impacts of the drainage improvement project; 4. Concerns of directly affected community or barangay was given special consideration; 5. The study considered the examination of the relationship of population, resources and the environment; and 6. Environmental Guarantee Fund (EGF) and Environmental Monitoring Fund (EMF) have been proposed by the project proponent for the project.

(1) Pre-EIA Activities Per DAO 96-37 and DAO 2003-30, the project proponent has submitted Project Description and requested for the schedule of the First Level Scoping Session. The session was held at the Office of Director Sixto Tolentino of the EMB-NCR on 11 November 2004. Representatives from EMB, EIA Review Committee (EIARC), JICA Study Team, DPWH and EIA Consultants attended the session.

The objectives of the first level scoping session are: 1. To provide early link between EMB, the project proponent and the EIA consultants; 2. To ensure that the EIA will address only relevant issues and concerns; 3. To establish clear cut agreement on the scope of environmental studies, issues and alternatives that requires thorough examination; and 4. To ensure that results are to be presented in a form consistent with EIA review requirements. Public participation and stakeholders consultation are major requirements of DAO 96-37 and DAO 2003-30. Under the EIS System, the project stakeholders and project affected community can participate during the second level scoping session. In this study, the second-level and stakeholders’ consultation was held on 28 November 2004 at two separate venues. For the North Manila stakeholders, the session was held at the Pamantasan ng Maynila from 9:00 am to 12:00 noon while the session for the stakeholders from South Manila, the session was held at Malibay Sports Complex, Pasay City from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm. The two separate sessions were attended by the municipal and barangay officials, representatives from the project affected people, government agencies, JICA Study Team, DPWH and EIA Consultant.

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The objectives of the community-level and stakeholders’ consultations were:

(a) To provide early link between the DENR, the project proponent and the stakeholders (b) To provide venue for the stakeholders to voice out their issues and concerns and ensure that the EIA will adequately address these issues and concerns; and, (c) To address issues and identify the carrying capacity of the environment and the possible constraints and requirements (d) To agree on the process of dealing with issues related to technical and socio-economic concerns.

(2) EIA Study Proper During the initial planning for the project and using the results of the scoping sessions as reference, the project proponent and the JICA Study Team in consultation with the EIA Study Team Members has thoroughly and carefully examined key areas of the EIA study. These include discussion and identification of appropriate EIA study approach and methodology for the project, additional expertise requirements, data requirements, time requirements, flexibility and level of effort and involvement of both the project proponent and the Consultant. This planning strategy was done to adequately satisfy the requirements of DENR for a complete and quality Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).

Among the identified major activities and tasks that the EIA Study Team needs to undertake are the following: 1. Assist the project proponent in the conduct of consultations with the concerned agencies and stakeholders; 2. Undertake the comprehensive characterization of the existing environmental setting which are likely to be affected by the project, covering the physico-chemical, biological and the socio-economic environments of the study area, to wit: ‐ Climate ‐ Air Quality and Noise ‐ Terrain ‐ Hydrology and Water Quality ‐ Atmosphere ‐ Sediment (Dredged Materials) Disposal ‐ Aquatic and Terrestrial Flora and Fauna ‐ Traffic Conditions ‐ Land and Resource Use ‐ Socio-Economic Aspects

3. Advise the project proponent on relevant government laws and regulations applicable to the project; 4. Conduct a socio-economic perception survey to determine project awareness and social acceptability of the project; 5. Undertake Social Development Plan as part of the social preparation initiatives of the project to ensure smooth and orderly relocation of directly affected people; 6. Undertake the assessment of the future quality of the environment “with the project” and “without the project” scenario;

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7. Propose and formulate appropriate mitigation and abatement measures to minimize the effects of all significant adverse impacts during the construction, operation and abandonment phase of the project; 8. Formulate monitoring plans for the project; and 9. Render other support services to the project proponent as indicated in the TOR for the engagement of the Consultant. The project proponent, on the other hand, shall secure all relevant government endorsements, permits and clearances that are required by EMB-DENR. The project proponent shall likewise ensure sound engineering planning and design of the project and further take initiative on matters related to IEC works and activities to ensure social acceptability of the project.

(3) Basis of the EIS Preparation This Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is the product of the environmental study undertaken for the Drainage Improvement in the Core Area of Metro Manila (DICAMM) Project. This document is a requirement of the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the engagement of the Consultant and follows the prescribed format and requirements prescribed under DAO 96-37 and DAO 2003-30 of the Philippine EIS System (PD 1586). The findings of this EIS aim mainly to guide the Project Proponent in project planning and development as well as in formulating an appropriate environmental management plan for the Project. Likewise, the EIS was designed to fully comply with the requirements of the EIS System in relation to the securing of the project Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) from EMB-DENR.

The following documents provided essential information in the preparation of the EIS: 1. Master Plan and the Feasibility Study for the Study on Drainage Improvement in the Area of Metropolitan Manila, Republic of the Philippines prepared by Pacific Consultants International and Nikken Consultants, Inc. (2004); 2. DENR DAO 96-37 otherwise known as the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulation of PD 1586 (Environmental Impact System); 3. DAO 2003-30, new IRR for PD 1586 4. DAO 35 (Revised Effluent Regulation of 1990) 5. DAO 34 (Revised Water Usage and Classification/Water Quality Criteria) 6. RA 6969 (Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes control Act of 1990) 7. PD 984 – Pollution Control Law 8. RA 8749 – The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 9. RA 9003 – The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 10. RA 9275 – The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2003 11. RA 3571 – An act prohibiting the cutting, destroying, or injuring planted or growing trees, flowering plants and shrubs or plants of scenic value along public roads, plazas, parks, school premises, or in any other public grounds. 12. Other relevant DENR environmental laws and regulations 13. Scoping meeting among the project proponent, EIS preparer, stakeholders, EIARC and EMB-DENR

(4) Baseline Data Collection 1) Primary Data Collection and Analysis The primary data collection undertaken in this study is based on the requirements of the

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JICA Study Team of the Government of Japan (GOJ) for Flood Control and Drainage Improvement Projects. These are specified in the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the engagement of the environmental consultant. Further, these requirements are complemented with the requirements from EMB DENR and the project stakeholders which were all solicited during the conduct of the First and Second Level Scoping Sessions.

The following are the descriptions of data gathering or methodologies in carrying out the environmental baseline study for the proposed project.

A. Water Quality Survey Following the prescribed requirement of the Project proponent, JICA Study Team and EMB-DENR, water sampling was undertaken during the conduct of the full blown EIA.

Six water samples were collected on January 25 and 26, 2005. The sampling sites and number of samples taken are as follows: ‐ 1 water sample from open drainage channel located along Blumentritt and Maria Clara Streets; ‐ 2 water samples (1 upstream and 1 downstream) from Estero de Sunog Apog; ‐ 2 water samples (1 sample below Gil Puyat Bridge and 1 sample below Zobel Roxas Avenue Bridge) from Estero de Tripa de Gallina-below Tripa; ‐ 1 water sample from the drainage intersection of Medina and Faraday Streets. For these water samples, the test parameters include: DO, Color, BOD5, TSS, TDS, Oil and Grease, Total Coliform, MPN/100mL, COD, PO4-3, Surfactants (MBAS), and Total Nitrogen.

During water sample collection, the following procedures were strictly observed: 1. Collection of composite samples of water (upper and lower layers) 2. Establishment of coordinates of sampling locations using Magellan GPS-4000 3. Specification of the following parameters during sample collection: ‐ Water temperature at surface ‐ Electric Conductivity ‐ Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ‐ pH ‐ Salinity ‐ Sampling records such as time, climate and coordinates of the sampling location 4. Water temperature, pH, and coordinates of the sampling location were measured using portable pH meters, and Geographic Positioning System (GPS) respectively. For Electric Conductivity and Salinity, portable equipment was used. The probe was submerged at a depth of about 1 ft and 3 feet from the water surface. Average was then taken and reported as the final reading. Water samples in 1-gallon bottles were sealed, marked and stored in icebox for storage and preservation. For DO samples, DO bottles were used. Sterilized bottles were used to contain the samples for bacteriological analysis. Samples were transported to the laboratory for immediate analyses. Laboratory analysis of samples focused on several parameters in compliance with DENR Standard Methods of Analysis (Table K.2.1).

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Table K.2.1 Drainage Channel Water Sample Analyses Parameters Method of Analysis pH Glass Electrode

BOD5, mg/L Azide Modification

CODCr, mg/L Open Reflux TDS, mg/L Gravimetry and portable equipment TSS, mg/L Gravimetry Phosphorus as P Colorimetry - Ascorbic acid Total Nitrogen Kjeldahl Method Hexavalent Chromium, mg/L Colorimetry – Diphenylcarbazide Oil and Grease Gravimetric (Petroleum Ether Extraction) Total Coliform, MPN/100mL Methylene Blue Method (Colorimetric) Surfactants (MBAS) Distillation – Colorimetric Method Methodologies are based on the approved Methods of Analysis of DENR DAO No. 35 and AWWA/APHA Standard Methods of Analysis (1992)

Results of water quality survey during the IEE phase were likewise used and treated as secondary data for this EIS. During the IEE phase, five water samples were collected on June 29 and 30, 2004. The sampling sites are as follows: Estero de Tripa de Gallina, Estero de Paco, Estero de San Miguel and Estero de Maypajo. For these water samples, the test parameters include: Electric Conductivity (EC), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Coliform, Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorous.

B. Bottom Sediment Quality Survey Following the prescribed requirement of the Project proponent, JICA Study Team and EMB-DENR, sediment samples were collected simultaneously with the water samples collection. Six (6) sampling sites of sediments were collected using the same sampling sites were used as with water samples.

During sediment sample collection, the following parameters were noted. 1. Sediment appearance 2. Odor 3. Color 4. Sampling records such as time, climate and coordinates of the sampling location Sediment samples weighing about 2-2.5 kg were collected and placed in clean plastic jars with cap. The samples were securely sealed, marked and stored inside an icebox for storage and preservation. After collection, these sediment samples were transported to the laboratory for immediate analyses following Standard Methods of Analysis (Table K.2.2).

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Table K.2.2 Sediment Sample Analyses Parameter Method of Analysis Arsenic, mg/L Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Cadmium, mg/L Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Hexavalent chromium, mg/L Diphenylcarbazide Colorimetric Method Total cyanide, mg/L Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Lead, mg/L Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Mercury, mg/L Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Derived from the Approved Methods of Analysis of DENR DAO No. 35 and other internationally accepted methods of analysis.

C. Ambient Air Quality Survey The objective of the survey is to obtain existing air quality data in the surrounding environment of the project area with specific concern on ambient Total Suspended

Particulates (TSP), as well as SO2 and NO2 concentrations.

Baseline air quality measurement was conducted on November 26, 2004 at seven (7) sampling stations along the drainage alignment in Metro Manila. The sampling stations presented in Table K.2.3.

The method of sampling used for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is by bubbling the ambient air through an absorbing solution in the glass impingers using the Air Chek Gas Sampler. For total suspended particulates (TSP), a Staplex high-volume sampler is used with a filter paper that is weighed prior to and after sampling.

Table K.2.3 Sampling Stations for Ambient Air Quality Survey Station Number Coordinates Description of Sampling Stations MD1 14°37’17’’N, Corner Blumentritt and Dapitan Sts., Manila 120°59’45’’E MD2 14°37’39’’N, Gasoline Station Area, Blumentritt-Dimasalang, 120°59’16’’E Manila, Fronting Manila North Cemetery MD3 14°37’43’’N, Corner of Rizal Ave-Aurora Blvd, Manila 120°59’07’’E MD4 14°37’50’’N, Corner of Juan Luna and Hermosa Sts., Manila 120°58’54’’E MD5 14°34’04’’N, Corner of Zobel Roxas – South Expressway, 121°00’06’’E Makati MD6 14°33’29’’N, Along South Expressway near Faraday St, Makati 121°00’25’’E MD7 14°34’27’’N, Corner Dian and Finlandia Sts., Makati 121°00’22’’E

The method used for the analysis of SO2 was the Pararosaniline Method, while the Griess-Saltzman Method was used for the analysis of NO2 concentrations. TSP on the other hand was analyzed using the gravimetric method. The methods used for the analysis of the aforementioned parameters are the one specified under DENR DAO 14. The sampling was done in conformity with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

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During the conduct of the sampling, on-going activities that could affect air quality in the area were noted.

D. Traffic Count Survey Traffic count survey was undertaken in nine (9) observation sites in December 2004. The observation sites were as follows: 1) Blumentritt corner Calamba Street; 2) Andres Bonifacio Avenue (in front of North Cemetery); 3) along Aurora Boulevard; 4) Along Hermosa corner Juan Luna; 5) along Juan Luna Street (corner Hermosa); 6) along Faraday Street (corner Batangas Street); 7) along Finlandia Street (corner Batangas Street); 8) along Zobel Roxas Avenue (corner Pres. Sergio Osmena Highway); and, 9) along Pres. Sergio Osmena Highway (corner Zobel Roxas).

Traffic volume counting was done from 6:00 am to 7:00 pm with traffic volume summed at per hour basis. The types of vehicles are divided into two modes: private and public modes. For private modes, the classifications are as follows: car/jeep, vans, truck, motorcycle, bicycle, others. For public modes, the classifications are as follows: PUJ, minibus, bus, FX/taxi, tricycle, pedicab and others.

E. Perception Survey To determine the perception of directly and indirectly affected people, a perception survey questionnaire was prepared.

For the indirectly affected people, sample size was determined by using the formula:

Sample size = N (1+Ne2) Where: N = estimated population size e = margin error Respondents were divided into two groupings: North Manila and South Manila. Based on the results of the calculation for the two groupings, using a margin of error of 5%, each group was assigned 400 survey respondents (with total respondents of 800).

For directly impacted people who are expected to experience relocation and property disturbance, sample size considered was 100%.

The perception survey was undertaken in December 2004 and early part of January 2005. Among the primary data gathered during the perception survey include the people’s level of awareness on the project as well as social validation of the project’s social acceptability. Data parameters include population dynamics, health conditions, traffic conditions and access to amenities among others.

2) Secondary Data Collection and Validation For this EIS, secondary data were gathered from sources available from various government agencies, libraries, professional and academic papers and related literature from Makati, Pasay, Caloocan, Manila and Quezon cities. A listing of these data and sources is in Table K.2.4.

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Table K.2.4 Types and Sources of Environmental (Secondary) Data Agency/Office Agency/Office Information Acronym Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Meteorology, Natural PAGASA Astronomical Services Administration Disasters (PAGASA) National Mapping and Resource Information Topographic Maps NAMRIA Authority Department of Environment and Natural Geology, Pertinent Laws and DENR-BMG Resources/Bureau of Mines and Geosciences Regulations NSO National Statistics Office Demographic Statistics Department’s program on Flood Control Projects DPWH Dept. Of Public Works and Highways Details of the project from the Master Plan and Feasibility Study for DICAMM Project Sanitation and Public Health DOH Dept. of Health Data Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Geology, seismicity PHIVOLCS Seismology LGUs Land Use Plans, Land Values, Local Government of Makati, Pasay, Quezon, Land Use Plans, Manila and Caloocan Cities Socio-economic Data Local Residents, Ethnographic Information/data Local in the project area Barangay (Makati, Pasay, Manila, Caloocan and Anthropologist Quezon Cities) and Barangay Officials

(5) Assessment of Impacts and Formulation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) A systematic identification of significant environmental impacts using two scenarios: (1) without-the-project scenario and, (2) with-the-project scenario was conducted by considering the ecological, physical, and social aspects of the environment. Each aspect comprises detailed impacts of the project for both construction and operation phases. After identifying potential impacts, the most significant were discussed in detail together with corresponding mitigating and enhancement measures. Elaborated in Chapter K.2.4 are the environmental management plan, monitoring plan, and institutional plan to address the aforementioned issues.

For the assessed adverse or significant environmental impacts associated with the construction, operation and abandonment phases of the project, environmental mitigation measures were formulated to: 1. Mitigate environmental impacts; 2. Provide in-kind compensation for lost environmental resources; 3. Provide socially acceptable programs for displaced ore relocated project affected people; and, 4. Enhance environmental resources. The mitigation measures define the following: 1. The technical work program to mitigate adverse impacts including resources to implement the plan;

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2. The estimated costs to implement the plan; and 3. The planned operation or implementation of the plan, including a staffing chart and proposed schedules of participation by the various members of the project management, and activities and inputs from various government agencies. To further comply with the requirements of DAO 96-37 and DAO 2003-30, the Consultant formulated an environmental monitoring plan. The monitoring plan involves the systematic collection of data to determine: 1. The actual environmental effects of the proposed project; 2. The degree of compliance of the project with regulatory standards; and 3. The degree of implementation of the formulated environmental mitigation measures and success of the environmental protection measures. In the monitoring program plan, the Consultant outlined the specific information to be collected, the data collection program (including sampling design), and the management of the monitoring program. This included assigning institutional responsibility, defining reporting requirements and confirming that adequate resources are provided in terms of skilled staff, equipment, training and funds.

(6) Consolidation/Collection of Clearances and Permits for the Project The various permits and clearances gathered in this ECC application are as follows: 1. Barangays’ endorsements; and 2. Endorsements from local organization The project proponent was furnished a copy of this list and was requested to secure these endorsements / clearances.

(7) EIA Process Documentation The following Process Documentation inputs have been documented by the Consultant: 1. Minutes of scoping sessions; 2. Minutes, transcripts and analysis of Community/Site Scoping Meeting; 3. Minutes, transcripts and analysis of Community Validation Presentation; 4. Role of Stakeholders in the EIA Study and Conflict Management Processes; and 5. Results of information drive/campaigns.

K.2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION (1) Project Features/Components for the “Priority Projects” In general, the proposed drainage improvement project is composed of the following components: ‐ Improvement and rehabilitation for drainage channels, ‐ Improvement and rehabilitation for drainage pumping stations, ‐ Improvement for solid waste collection and segregation, ‐ Improvement for O & M organizations and activities, ‐ Pilot examination, and ‐ Social framework of resettlement. As specified in the Feasibility Study, the “priority projects” consist of the following

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improvement works:

1) Rehabilitation Works of Drainage Channels ・ Dredging of esteros/creeks: 138,000 m3 ‐ Estero de Sunog Apog/ Maypajo (partially) ‐ Estero de Tripa de Gallina (partially) ‐ PNR canal (partially) ‐ Calatagan Creek I ・ Declogging of drainage mains (D.M): 20,000 m3 ‐ Blumetritt interceptor ‐ Buendia Outfall ‐ Zobel Roxas D.M. ‐ Faraday D.M. ‐ Pasong Tamo D.M. 2) Drainage Improvement of the Severe Inundation Areas North Manila: ・ Additional works for Aviles – drainage area ‐ Increasing of pump capacity at Aviles Pumping Station ・ Additional works of the existing Blumentritt interceptor ‐ Remedial works of the existing Blumentritt interceptor ‐ Construction of additional interceptor. South Manila:

・ Additional works for the severe inundation area in South Manila ‐ Additional B.C. along Zobel Roxas D.M ‐ Additional B.C. along Faraday D.M. 3) Urgent Rehabilitation of 4 Major Pumping Stations ‐ Quiapo ‐ Aviles ‐ Valencia ‐ Tripa de Gallina 4) Rehabilitation of 8 Major Pumping Stations ‐ Pandacan ‐ Paco ‐ Sta. Clara ‐ Libertad ‐ Makati ‐ Binondo ‐ Balete ‐ Escolta

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5) Supporting Measures ・ Improvement of operation and maintenance organization and activities and promotion of community-involved activities

・ Installation of additional hydrological equipment

・ Introduction of emergency operation and maintenance equipment

・ Preparation of guideline for resettlement

(2) Project Activities For this EIS document, the project can be divided into three phases, namely: ‐ Pre-construction phase ‐ Construction phase ‐ Operation and Maintenance phase

The undertakings or activities under each phase are described below.

1) Pre-Construction Phase During the pre-construction phase, the Project Proponent with assistance from local and foreign consultants shall undertake the following activities: (a) Conduct of the Master Plan and Feasibility Study on Drainage Improvement in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila; (b) Pilot examination; (c) Consultations and securing of relevant permits, endorsement and clearances from pertinent government agencies; (d) Conduct of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and full-blown Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the subsequent securing of an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for the project (the subject of this application/study); (e) Detailed Engineering Design and Tendering Stage; (f) IEC Action Program; (g) Land and Right-of-Way acquisition (h) Resettlement of informal settlers; and, (i) Procurement of construction contractor services and of facilities 2) Construction Phase During construction phase, the following major activities which could potentially impact the existing environment shall be carried out: 1. Mobilization/transport of heavy equipment and construction materials 2. Preliminary works which shall include clearing of ROW of drainage lines, staking and layout of drainage lines and fabrication of project sign. 3. Displacement of informal and formal settlers and other properties that fall within the alignment of drainage channels (existing and proposed). 4. Dredging of esteros / creeks. 5. Excavation and dredging/declogging of drainage mains. 6. Construction of structures and facilities.

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7. Rehabilitation of major pumping stations. 8. Increase pumps capacities (especially in severe inundated areas). 9. Transport/disposal of construction wastes and dredged spoils. 10. Road works/pavement works. A. Construction Schedule The construction of the project will be pursued anytime within the designated time frame of implementation for the priority projects (2005-2010) or as soon as the project fund is secured by the project proponent.

The construction phase will likewise involve compliance reporting and monitoring to EMB-DENR especially those ECC conditionalities that would require periodic monitoring and feed back reporting to EMB-DENR.

B. Manpower Requirement Construction of the project consists mainly of civil works and requires hiring of skilled and unskilled manpower. It is considered that common laborers will be available in the area. Meanwhile, skilled labor for the project’s construction may be supplied from other areas. Specialized technical workers will be hired from both locally and internationally known designer firms.

During construction phase, an estimated 200-300 workers consisting of contractual and regular laborers will be employed to carry out the construction of the proposed project. While during the O & M phase, the project may require more or less 100 workers to carry out the O & M requirements for the project.

C. Permits and Clearances Pertinent permits and clearances shall be secured by the project proponent. Already in the possession of the Project Proponent are the Barangay Endorsements that favorably endorsing the project.

D. Preliminary Engineering Plans and Drawings The engineering plans and drawings are presented in Chapter 8 of Databook.

3) Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Phase Once all the construction activities are completed, an evaluation of all construction activities will be undertaken whether improvements in schedule and costing have been implemented. After the official turn-over by the contractor to the project proponent, the O & M phase shall involve the full operation of the improved drainage/flood control facility coupled with periodic maintenance activities.

Similar with the construction phase, the O & M phase will likewise involve compliance reporting and monitoring to EMB-DENR especially those ECC conditionalities that would require periodic monitoring and feed back reporting to EMB-DENR.

4) Post-Construction Phase/Abandonment Phase For this project, abandonment phase means that particular period after construction when the contractor will vacate the construction site and subsequently turn over the completed facilities to the project proponent. It will involve final inspection, turn-over and acceptance of completed structures and equipment, clean-up and demobilization.

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Construction works and debris shall be properly collected and disposed off before the site is turned over by the contractor to the project proponent.

The abandonment of the project may not be possible since the project is designed to operate in long term basis. Periodic maintenance shall be carried out by the project proponent and other concerned agencies and LGUs to ensure working efficiency of the improved drainage/flood control facilities.

K.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT (1) Impact Identification and Assessment Approach This section presents the systematic identification of the potential impacts of the Drainage Improvement in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila (herein referred to as DICAMM or the Project) to the environment. During construction phase, the major construction activity that would most likely exert positive and negative impacts to the environment are the civil works - mostly esteros widening, dredging, excavation and removal of structures, silt and solid wastes that obstruct the subject waterways and drainage channels. Operation phase will involve the operation and maintenance of the installed drainage improvement structures which are expected to generate long-term beneficial and positive impacts to the project area. Recognizing these various actions that may impact the environment during construction, operation and O&M phases of the project, a comprehensive environmental impact assessment was undertaken and the results presented in the succeeding sections.

1) Impact Assessment Scenarios Considering the physico-chemical, biological and social attributes of the study area, the identification of environmental impacts were done using two scenarios, namely, 1. “without-the-project scenario” and 2. “with-the-project scenario” For without-the-project scenario, a plain qualitative assessment was done. For the with-the-project scenario, impact was separately detailed for construction and operation and maintenance phases of the proposed project. Presentation of impact matrices for all these phases intend to simplify the presentation of identified impacts. Only the most significant impacts were discussed in detail together with their corresponding mitigating and enhancement measures. The details of the environmental management, monitoring, and institutional plans are presented in Chapter K.2.4.

2) Impact Rating The potential impacts were identified and described in terms of its polarity (negative and positive), geographic extent (localized or regional), reversibility (reversible/irreversible), magnitude (nil/minimal/moderate/significant/unknown), probability of occurrence (low/medium/high) and duration (short term and long term). Impacts were rated accordingly using the following criteria: 1. Type of consequence: Positive (+) / Adverse (-) 2. Geographic extent of impact 3. Impact duration: Long-term or short-term 4. Possible rectification of impact: Reversible or irreversible 5. Magnitude: nil/minimal/moderate/significant 6. Probability of occurrence: Low/medium/high

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Any actions or activities of the project are considered negative impacts if they: (1) alter or have detrimental effects on natural systems (processes and conditions); (2) affect any area/item that the government seeks to protect; and (3) violate or exceed government standards and/or known best practices. On the other hand, activities are classified as positive impacts when they: (1) ecologically and environmentally enhance existing conditions and processes; (2) reinforce the use of best practices; and (3) support government programs and efforts for environmental protection. The magnitude of an impact is rated using a relative scale of nil, minimal, moderate, significant and unknown. The magnitude is assessed based, among others, on the area or size of the land that will be affected, the volume of waste or material that will be generated, the number of animals and plants affected, the cost of damage, the length of time the impact will prevail and the reversibility of an impact.

Since the project activity is expected to be completed within more or less five-year period, temporal nature of certain impacts is expected to be relatively of short duration. Nevertheless, the duration of an impact is described using relative rating of short term and long term. Those impacts predicted to prevail during the pre-construction or construction stages are classified as short-term impacts while those that are identified to be co-terminus or are expected to persist beyond the project life are considered as long term impacts.

(2) Impact Prediction and Evaluation “Without the Project” 1) Physico-Chemical Environment At present, there are no existing developments within and around the project site that may instantaneously trigger meteorological changes in the region for the next five years. The hydrological process in the project area will remain the same for the next decade. However, the incidence of worsening flooding in the project area may continue to persist due to non-implementation of any effective flood control projects in the area.

Without the project, the geologic condition in the general area of proposed project will remain the same assuming that: (1) no major geologic event (e.g. volcanic eruption or major earthquake event) occurs; and/or (2) no major human induced alteration of the terrain in the project site. Geologic processes are expected to operate at existing rates and magnitudes.

For the next few years, ambient air quality will continue to deteriorate due to increase industrialization, commercialization and habitation of the project area. While on the other extreme, with strict implementation of the Clean Air Act, the Metropolitan Manila may experience gradual improvement in air quality. Groundwater resources depletion may be likely experience due to increase water supply demand coupled with frequent occurrence of El Nino phenomenon. It is likewise expected that surface water quality will continue to be degraded due to progressive increase in population, settlement, industrialization and commerce in the project area. This scenario may become imminent especially in the absence of environmental infrastructure such as domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plant among wastewater generators.

2) Biological Environment The terrestrial vegetation in the proposed project site is likely to remain the same without the project. However, with government intervention such as the implementation of tree planting, urban renewal focusing on planting ornamental plants and trees in open spaces and other similar projects, the terrestrial vegetation may increase in density and number.

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Aquatic vegetation would still be dominated by the proliferation of water lilies side by side with deterioration of water quality in major river systems in Metropolitan Manila. Likewise, it is expected that within the next 5 to 10 years, without other intervention, no increase in fish and wildlife is expected.

3) Socio-Cultural Environment Should the Project not be implemented due to operational and funding constraints, the status quo will prevail characterized by the relative continuance of present conditions within study areas but at the same time compromising the possibilities in which integrity of the physical environment could be improved and the ability of the national government and LGUs to manage flooding occurrence, on one hand, and the rise of informal settlements, on the other.

I) Flooding and the Physical Environment Without the Project, present flooding situation in the area would worsen especially if complementary efforts such as the removal of garbage in waterways, more conscientious solid waste management (e.g., waste reduction and waste utilization measures), and declogging and desilting measures, are also foregone. The natural and human-made drainage capacities would continue to be exceeded by the fallout of waters from thereby aggravating the encumbrance caused by flooding to the local economies and constituents in affected areas within Pasay, Manila, Caloocan, Makati and Quezon City. Although not as problematic as in KAMANAVA areas, flooding in the study areas, if left unattended by appropriate engineering interventions, may be exacerbated in the future especially if factors behind the lowering of drainage capacities would continue to manifest. Drainage capacity in the study areas appear to have been strained by the poor functioning of drainage facilities from wear and tear and obsolescence, occupation of waterways by informal settlements, and pile-up of garbage and polluting materials, among others.

Without flood control and drainage improvement, flooding would continue to exact economic and social costs. Economic costs tend to manifest in the loss of revenues to the local economy due to the following (among others): ƒ Stoppage in operations of inundated commercial and industrial establishments ƒ Decline in market activity given difficulties in transporting good and commodities, and accessing necessary services ƒ Labor costs due to absences and tardiness from work ƒ Medical expenditures from flooding-induced sickness and diseases ƒ Damages to housing and property ƒ Decline in land values ƒ Transport costs from maintenance of vehicles ƒ Loss of investments due to unattractiveness of area Social costs, on the other hand, are incurred from loss of lives, decline in living standards and displacement should housing structures be severely damaged. Flood prone areas also tend to have poor aesthetics with households hesitating generally to invest in the maintenance and upkeep of their dwellings.

II) Flooding and Local Development Management The incidence of flooding does not contribute to local development and neither does the lack of engineering interventions enhance the capability of the national and local

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governments to effectively control flooding. Flooding occurrence, as assessed in the feasibility study, suggest that concerned local governments, on their own, would be constrained in undertaking the necessary design and construction works as well as funding the required investments from their own revenues and allotments. The Project, therefore, must be seen as a way to augment technical capability at the LGU level other than being an effective channel for investments that would provide long-lasting structural solutions to flooding problems in the study areas.

Meanwhile, if left unabated, flooding would itself cost the LGU in the continued provision of transfers and subsidies to flood victims in the form of emergency assistance and disaster relief. Funds expended for these purposes, although necessary, could have alternative uses if flooding is reduced to a minimum. Flood control and drainage improvement therefore could have resulted to better rationalization of LGU funds to serve other equally important and cost-effective investments in social infrastructure such as education, health care and traffic management.

The absence of flood control measures, as those in the Project, also exerts an impact on governance because frequent flooding does not help in improving the image of the LGU to its constituents. The absence of interventions could well reflect on the inability of the local government to be responsive to immediate needs, and could be used by detractors as a way to discount its credibility. Thus, although indirectly, the Project would have been significant in demonstrating not only responsiveness but also the political will and sense of responsibility of concerned LGUs.

III) Flooding and Informal Settlements It may be construed that problems in the rise of informal settlements in the study areas could not be addressed alone by the Project although it could not be denied that drainage improvement and other similar flood control measures involving the necessary clearing of informal settlements would contribute significantly in decongesting occupied waterways and improving aesthetics.

The Project, upon consultation with key LGU officials, has been found to integrate well with local plans to improve the integrity of their waterways through the removal of unwanted settlements. Thus, if allowed to proceed, the Project may augment local efforts to manage informal settlements through physical and regulatory controls to entry and at the same time, enabling their effective and humane removal through a well-designed and responsive relocation plan.

The Project, if left unimplemented, however, would devoid the LGU of the necessary support to respond to the problem of informal settlements. Effective action then is postponed to the uncertain future where more informal settlements may inhabit the affected areas in such level that would render engineering interventions inadequate and more costly.

(3) Impact Prediction and Evaluation “With the Project Scenario” The project is an infrastructure project that was designed to improve and enhance the existing environmental condition in the project area particularly to abate and mitigate flooding problems. In this section, predicted environmental issues/impacts and their level of significance at various stages of development during pre-construction, construction and operation phases are presented. In general, most of the impacts identified are positive. On the other hand, corresponding

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mitigating measures for each negative impact are also provided in Clause K.2.4 to minimize or eliminate these negative impacts.

1) Pre-construction Phase Pre-construction activities such as topographic survey, detailed engineering, project acceptability survey, master planning, feasibility study and environmental impact assessment had minor or insignificant effect in the physical, biological and socio-economic environment of the project.

Other activities such as site clearing, mobilization of heavy equipment and relocation of people that are directly affected by the project need to be observed and monitor in order to minimize its effects in the environment.

I) Geologic Consideration (Structural Integrity and Stability) The engineering design team of the project has incorporated in the detailed design the geological considerations of the primary impact area. In the design of the proposed drainage structures and improvement works, local and international engineering standards shall be observed and considered.

II) Site Clearing During site preparation, few vegetation mostly ornamental plants (the number of which is however insignificant) where the drainage passes will be affected. However, the project is designed to avoid those ecologically important vegetation so that the affected area will only be composed of patches of grasses and is void of economically important vegetation, thus, the ecological impact of the project is nil to minimal.

In terms of vegetation density, the most abundant is the Gil Puyat Avenue where trees are planted in the center island where intermittent maintenance holes are located. However, the required maintenance works will not in anyway disturb or displaced the surrounding vegetation. In totality, the ecological impact of site clearing is nil to minimal.

III) Disturbance of Wildlife During site clearing possible displacement of disturbed wildlife habitat and feeding grounds is not expected. Only insects and small animals could be displaced at selected sites since the project area is already developed.

IV) Mobilization of Heavy Equipment The mobilization of heavy equipment during the pre-construction stage may generate dust and other suspended particulates in the vicinity. Increase in vehicle emissions

such as CO2, CO, NOx and other suspended particulates are also expected and are nuisance to the road users and nearby residents. Noise level in the area may also increase due to the movement of these large vibrating equipments. Heavy traffic is also anticipated that will increase the level of public inconvenience. The magnitude of noise disturbance is expected to be moderate.

However, this impact could be minimized by ensuring that those heavy vehicles will be properly maintained and operated. Piles of sand, gravel and waste materials that would be generated during site clearing should be watered frequently to prevent the wind from turning them into sources of dust. Site clearing activities will be suspended

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during nighttime to minimize public nuisance.

V) Relocation of Affected Communities It is possible to predict significant negative environmental impact will be relocation of informal settlers caused by dredging work of Tripa de Gallina. It is estimated that encroached 442 buildings including affected buildings and potentially affected buildings or 663 households will be removed from inside of Tripa de Gallina (see Table K.2.5). It is also necessary to remove the intruding part of 42 formal buildings which are located along Tripa de Gallina. Number of potentially affected buildings will be identified clearly at detail design stage.

Construction of additional drainage mains also will affect 15 buildings including formal and informal buildings (see Table K.2.6). During the construction, these buildings should be removed temporally. Compensation should be made for owner of these buildings, or, if they want, assistance for relocation should be considered as one of options.

Table K.2.5 Number of Affected Buildings Caused by Dredging of Estero de Tripa de Gallina Name of Barangays Buildings No. of No. of Affected Potentially Total Affected Household Buildings Affected Buildings Household to be relocated * Informal Pasay City Barangay 43 71 0 71 97 91 Barangay 46 111 0 111 165 143 Barangay 51 53 0 53 74 71 Barangay 54 20 0 20 32 29 Makati City Barangay Palanan 80 27 107 231 214 Barangay San Isidro 80 0 80 122 115 Sub-Total 415 27 442 721 663 Formal Barangay Palanan 23 19 42 >50 - Sub-Total 23 19 42 >50 - Total 438 46 484 >771 663 Source: JICA Study Team Note: * Excluding non-residing, absentee house owners.

Table K.2.6 Number of Affected Buildings Caused by Construction of Drainage Main Locations Buildings No. of Formal Informal Total Affected Household Manila City Blumentritt Street 4 0 4 27 Outlet of Blumentritt 2 2 4 2 Makati City Faraday 0 7 7 11 Total 6 9 15 40 Source: JICA Study Team

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The Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992 (UDHA Law) prescribes the conduct of a systematic and participatory process in three (3) stages; namely, pre-relocation, relocation and post-relocation. For the Project, said activities are recommended and set within an intervention framework elaborated with the Relocation Action Plan. In this framework, several guidelines are prescribed for consideration of the Project Proponent including, among others, entitlement scheme for relocation/resettlement assistance, innovative means/options for rendering support and assistance to relocates, evaluation scheme for relocation sites (based among others on survey results), and a responsibility matrix for participating agencies. As the project values and recognize the need for a humane relocation of project affected families, various consultations and careful planning as part of social development plan (SDP) have been undertaken by the project proponent. These initiatives are carried out during the master planning , feasibility study stage and EIA phase of the project to ensure that all project affected people who will be a subject of relocation or displacement will be given due course and decent and humane treatment.

VI) Public Acceptance of the Project Public consultation and SDP (Social Development Plan) workshop was conducted to address the concerns of the stakeholders and gain public acceptance for the project. Proof of social acceptability is in the form of barangay resolution endorsing the project from almost all affected barangays of the Project area have been secured.

2) Construction Phase Impacts During construction, few significant negative impacts on natural or physical environment were identified. Most of the impacts identified ranged in magnitude from nil to significant. As to social environment, several impacts identified were both negative and positive or beneficial to the host communities.

The impact matrix for the pre-construction and construction phase without mitigation is presented in Table K.2.7.

A. Impact on the Physico-Chemical Environment I) Threat of Environmental Hazards One of the identified sources of hazards during construction stage is the potential generation of pollution from construction materials which can be classified as hazardous materials. Examples of hazardous materials typically found at construction sites are petroleum products (e.g., lubricating oils, grease), fuels (e.g., gasoline, kerosene), solvents, paints, batteries, and other miscellaneous equipment and supplies. These are usually temporarily stored at the construction site and are potential environmental hazards. For instance, spillage of gasoline and lubricants, which are originally intended for heavy equipment operations, can cause water pollution in the surrounding surface water. However, present construction practices in handling such materials is adequate in minimizing and totally avoiding this potential pollution, thus the impact is expected to be nil to minimal.

II) Water Quality and Quantity During construction, workers will generate domestic wastewater from the use of lavatories, canteens, and toilets. The projected volume is about 10 m3/day for a 200 person-workforce with generation rate of 50 L/day. Direct discharge of this volume of

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domestic wastewater is not a good practice and unhealthy for the receiving water bodies. Since this volume is small and manageable, the expected impact of this domestic wastewater to the environment is considered nil to minimal. Direct discharge of this domestic wastewater will be avoided by installing portalets in various strategic places in the construction area.

Water demand of the project shall include those to be used during civil works and water consumed by workers. Water demand for construction would however be minimal. Further the demand tends to be short term thus there is practically no negative impact on water resources.

The dredging and excavation component of the civil works will generate temporary negative impacts to the surrounding water, as it will temporarily impair water quality in the concerned water bodies. There shall be increase in suspended solids, turbidity, changes in color and at worse resuspension of BOD and possibly heavy metals that are deposited in the dredged materials. In a shorter term, this impairment of water quality may significantly generate adverse impacts to the existing or remaining aquatic biota in the water bodies. In this case, the negative impact is minimal but short term in nature.

III) Surface Hydrology During construction of the project, temporary disruption and interference with surface waterways and drainage channels will be experienced. In order to mitigate the temporary disruption and interference with surface waterways and drainage channels during construction, the contractor should provide temporary drainage diversion canals to redirect water flows. The scheme to be implemented must be able to prevent local water impoundment in the construction area and should be implemented with the least possible disturbance to the public. The impact is minimal to moderate.

IV) Air Quality and Atmosphere The magnitude of potential air pollutants to be generated by the construction of the project is minimal to moderate considering the project size and type of construction activities. Dusts generations are expected during construction phase, which is normally a consequence of various civil and ground works especially when the weather is dry. NOx and SOx may be emitted from heavy equipment but however minimal. TSP may be generated during civil works due to re-suspension of excavated or dried up dredged materials but however minimal. These air pollutants are only temporary and can be easily dispersed through the open breeze of the project area, thus, the impact to air quality and atmosphere is nil to minimal.

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Table K.2.7 Matrix for Environmental Impacts during Pre-Construction and Construction Phases Without Mitigation (1/3)

Impact Probability of Reversibility/ Impact Geographic Potential Impacts Nature Magnitude Area Occurrence Permanence Duration Extent PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1) Geologic Consideration (Structural Integrity and No effect ------Stability) Nil to 2) Site clearing Negative Low Reversible/Transient Short term Project site Minimal 3) Disturbance of Wildlife No effect ------4) Mobilization of heavy Minimal to Negative Low Reversible/Transient Short term Project site equipment moderate 5) Relocation of Affected Negative Significant High Permanent Long term Project site communities K -43 6) Public Acceptance of the No effect ------Project CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1) Threat of Environmental Nil to Vicinity of the Negative Low Reversible/Transient Short term Hazards Minimal project site 2) Effect on Water Quality and Vicinity of the Negative Minimal Low Reversible/Transient Short term Quantity project site 3) Effect on Surface and Minimal to Vicinity of the Negative High Reversible/Transient Short term Hydrology Moderate project site

Environment Environment 4) Effect on Air Quality and Nil to Vicinity of the Negative High Reversible/Transient Short term Physico-Chemical Atmosphere Minimal project site 5) Effect on Noise/ Sonic Moderate to Vicinity of the Negative High Reversible/Transient Short term Environment Significant project site

Table K.2.7 Matrix for Environmental Impacts during Pre-Construction and Construction Phases Without Mitigation (2/3)

Impact Probability of Reversibility/ Impact Geographic Potential Impacts Nature Magnitude Area Occurrence Permanence Duration Extent CONSTRUCTION PHASE Moderate to Vicinity of the 6) Solid Waste Generation Negative High Reversible/Transient Short term Significant project site

Moderate to Vicinity of the 7) Offensive Odors Negative High Reversible/Transient Short term Significant project site 8) Effect on Drainage, No Effect - - - - - Topography and Terrain 9) Flooding/Inundation in some Vicinity of the Negative Significant High Reversible/Transient Short term Environment areas project site

Physico-Chemical 10) Effect on Open Space and No Effect - - - - - K -44 Recreation Nil to Vicinity of the 11) Aesthetic Effect Negative Low Reversible/Transient Short term Minimal project site

1) Effect on Ecological Nil to Vicinity of the Low Reversible/Transient Short term Environment Minimal project area Biological Environment Environment Positive/ Vicinity of the 1) Population Dynamics Nil High Reversible/Transient Short term Negative project area Vicinity of the 2) Employment and Income Positive Significant High Reversible/Transient Short term project area Vicinity of the 3) Dependency Burden Positive Significant High Reversible/Transient Short term project area mic 4) Housing Characteristics and Moderate to Vicinity of the

Socio-Econo Positive High Reversible/Transient Short term Environment Environment Utilities nil project area

Table K.2.7 Matrix for Environmental Impacts during Pre-Construction and Construction Phases Without Mitigation (3/3)

Impact Probability of Reversibility/ Impact Geographic Potential Impacts Nature Magnitude Area Occurrence Permanence Duration Extent CONSTRUCTION PHASE 5) Health and Safety of Positive / Significant / Vicinity of the Low Reversible/Transient Short term Construction Workers Negative Minimal project area 6) Health and Safety of General Vicinity of the Negative Minimal Low Reversible/Transient Short term Public project area 7) Income, the Household, and Vicinity of the Positive Significant High Reversible/Transient Short term the Local Economy project area 8) Impact on Traffic and Vicinity of the Negative Significant High Reversible/Transient Short term Vehicular/Road Safety project area Environment Environment

Socio-Economic Socio-Economic Vicinity of the 9) Women’s Welfare Positive Modelate High Reversible/Transient Shot term

K -45 project area 10) Archaeology/ Heritage No effect - - - - -

V) Noise/Sonic Environment Any construction activities will lead to an unavoidable noise increase when heavy equipments will be used during construction. However, such increases are temporal and short-term. Noise generated from the operation and use of heavy equipment shall be a major issue since the project is located near highly populated areas. The magnitude of noise disturbance is expected to be moderate to significant.

During construction phase, operation of different construction equipment generates noise that varies in intensity. The expected noise sources during the construction of the project are the earthworks equipment such as jackhammers, bulldozers, graders, payloaders, generators, compressors and heavy trucks. The expected noise levels at various distances from the equipment are shown in Table K.2.8. The DENR standards for noise in general areas are shown in Table K.2.9.

Impacts would be felt by the commuting public, transport operators as well as residential and commercial establishments close to construction sites. In such case, noise pollution is inevitable if equipment and operations would generate considerable noise within reach of those in the influence area. The magnitude of noise disturbance however is expected to be minimal.

Dust generation would also be inevitable as works would be conducted in major thoroughfares exposed regularly to traffic. Dust emissions would particularly manifest during the dry season and worsen aesthetics in study areas. Measures to lighten these negative impacts would revolve around the following measures, among others:

Table K.2.8 Expected Noise Levels from Construction Equipment, dB(A) Distance, meters Equipment 15 30 60 120 240 Earthmoving Equipment Front loaders 75 69 63 57 51 Backhoes 85 79 73 67 61 Graders 88 82 76 70 64 Trucks 91 85 79 73 67 Materials Handling Concrete mixers 82 79 73 67 61 Cranes 83 77 71 65 59 Stationary sources Generators 78 72 66 60 54 Compressors 81 75 69 63 57 Pumps 76 70 64 58 52 Impact Equipment Pile drivers 101 95 89 83 77 Jackhammers 88 82 76 70 64

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Table K.2.9 DENR Standards for Noise in General Areas Maximum Allowable Noise Level, dB(A) Area Daytime Morning/ Early Eve. Nighttime Schools, Hospitals 50 45 40 Residential 55 50 45 Commercial 65 60 55 Light Industrial 70 65 60 Heavy Industrial 75 70 65

ƒ Preference for equipment generating the least noise Lubrication of equipment and regular inspection and upkeep ƒ Provision of muffling devices ƒ Regular watering of transport routes and the stockpile of materials to reduce dust generation ƒ Scheduling of construction during daytime ƒ Minimal use of equipment for nighttime works

VI) Solid Waste Generation Large volume of construction wastes in the form of dredged sediments, construction debris and garbage from esteros and drains will be generated during the construction stage of the project. Improper transport and disposal of these wastes might caused inconvenience and nuisance to the public, health hazards and contaminate water resources. This impact can be minimized with proper storage, transport and disposal of the dredged material and solid waste.

VII) Offensive Odors The project will involve desilting/dredging of esteros. The esteros have very offensive (stinky) odor. It is expected that odor will become more offensive when the garbage/bottom sediment gets disturbed by the desilting or dredging operations. However, the impact though moderate to significant is short term.

VIII) Drainage, Topography and Terrain The project construction will not affect the topography and terrain of the project area.

IX) Flooding/Inundation in Some Areas Flooding in some areas may be relieved by channel improvement and other construction activities but uncontrolled flooding may be experienced in other areas. This is because dredging, excavation and other construction activities may hamper the natural flow of floodwater and induce ponding and inundation in areas that are not previously affected. For instance, completed drainage improvements may protect against flooding in the direct impact areas and nearby areas but redirect the floods to the still unprotected areas. Although areas outside the core area will not be directly affected by such events, the domino effects of flooding such as heavy traffic, suspension of transport, difficulty of access to public services, etc. may extend to these areas. The geographical extent of this impact makes it highly significant.

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X) Open Space and Recreation The project construction will not in anyway affect open space and recreational areas in the project area.

XI) Aesthetic Effect During construction, the only activity that will affect the visual character of the project area is the installation of temporary scaffoldings, presence of heavy equipment and working personnel as well as construction debris. However, this will only persist during the construction phase of the project. Therefore, the impact is expected to be nil to minimal.

Construction works especially drainage improvement works involving earth-moving activities and excavation activities would generally hurt aesthetics especially under wet-weather conditions. Wet soil and dirt tends to be uncomely and further aggravated by the passage of traffic thus causing undue nuisance to commuters and pedestrians. Debris, if left uncollected, could further slow down traffic and be mistaken as garbage disposal sites that cause eyesores to the public.

Mitigating measures to these include solid waste management activities such as setting-up of buffer strips for equipment and stockpiles and the regular clean-up and clearing activities on a daily basis that would be incorporated and closely monitored in the work plan of the Contractor. Collection and disposal of debris and solid waste would be coordinated with truck collection schedules enforced by concerned LGUs. Similar to the TMP, the solid waste management plan to be developed jointly by the Construction Supervision and Contractor would be disseminated to concerned LGUs. These however, will only persist during the construction phase of the project. Therefore, the impact is expected to be nil to minimal.

B. Impact on Biological Environment As most of the target waterways and drainage channels are void of economically important aquatic organisms, the ecological impact of the project is nil to minimal.

C. Impact on Socio-Cultural Environment The impacts of the Project in its construction phase is qualified based on different manifestations to show the direction of effects and enable mitigating measures to be designed especially for negative impacts indicated.

I) Population Dynamics Should the works require substantial amount of migrant labor, the Project would contribute to population growth although of a transitory nature only concurrent with its construction period of 12 months or so. Population increase due to migrant entry would be temporary, corresponding with the length of time allotted for construction as well as the implementation phase involving mobilization, construction proper to closeout stages. Construction proper would yield insignificant increases in the population of the project area if say for example, only 200 work forces is required during construction phase. Assuming a ratio of 70:30 in favor of unskilled workers and a workforce of about 200 people, labor requirements would consist of 140 unskilled and 60 skilled workers. As mentioned above, population increase in the project area would be minimal. The remaining 60 skilled workers would probably be sourced from DPWH as the department may have ample number of construction planning and

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supervision personnel.

II) Labor and Employment Impacts would generally be positive in the assumption that local labor would be utilized for the Project correspondingly increasing the employment rate, and diversifying income structure and generation at the local level.

Labor requirements would likely be sourced from the local population especially those for both skilled and unskilled positions. Skilled positions would be filled up by senior and junior construction engineers fielded by consulting firms commissioned to undertake construction supervision. While these consulting firms may already maintain a pool of engineers for the Project, still skilled engineers may come from the study areas. The Project would cover a lengthy construction period that would demand a considerable amount of professional and support staff that may not be adequately provided by the workforce complement of consulting firms.

Local hires though could have better chances of assuming unskilled positions such as foremen, truck/equipment operators, and peons who may directly apply at the job site or sourced through the LGUs. It has been scored that private contractors often maintain and assign their own workforce for unskilled labor requirements. Thus, it would be helpful to design a recruitment scheme that would prioritize the employment of locals as a value-added service to study areas.

The impact on the employment rate in study areas would be significant if locals are recruited and actually hired for the Project. Assuming a 30:70 worker ratio (skilled and unskilled, respectively) and a 100 percent success rate of hiring locals for unskilled jobs, it may be estimated from out of 200 unemployed persons per study area that 1400 persons would be employed. All other things equal, this would correspondingly reduce the unemployment rate in study areas especially among males who are preferred over females to undertake construction work. The decline in unemployment is expected to prevail over the whole construction period estimated to run from 4-5 years.

Indirect employment, on the other hand, would also increase as construction work would yield demands for goods, services, including housing that could be sourced from the formal and informal economy.

III) Dependency Burden The ability to support children and elderly dependents would be enhanced by increases in household income from expected employment in the Project. A possible improvement would be on the school allowances given to children as well as the budget allocated for education, health care and nutrition. Especially for local workers, transportation savings generated from not needing to travel to more remote workplaces may be channeled as additional budget for the needs of young and elderly dependents.

In particular, the impact on education would be significant although short-term. An issue would be the salary levels pegged for construction workers and whether these would be enough to cover schooling expenses. Education is a priority expense among the surveyed households although several no longer put their children through school due to economic difficulties. The relative vulnerability of schooling as a priority expense shows such that in periods of economic crisis, education is one expense sacrificed by low-income households for other more important expenses such as food

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and health care.

The foregoing assessment, however, presupposes the existence of altruistic motives among direct and indirect workers. This does not take into consideration attitudinal factors that include predilection to vices (e.g., drinking, gambling) or other forms of enjoyment incurring reductions in take-home pay. Inflation is also not factored in its tendency to dilute the purchasing power of the peso. Nevertheless, it is assumed that should the construction period extend beyond ten (10) months to more than a year, escalation factors would be applied to capture the effects of inflation and tender salaries competitive and adequate for household needs.

IV) Housing Characteristics and Utilities As the income stream from construction work would be short-term, the issue of whether these could be saved for future housing improvement may be insignificant although a positive outcome if realized. This would apply perhaps for minor improvements such as repair and maintenance of dilapidated sections that can be covered by temporary increases in household income.

V) Health and Safety of Construction Workers Impacts may be negative or positive depending on context. Increased household incomes may increase the capability of workers’ families to avail of health services and purchase medical goods and supplies. As an incentive, health and accident insurance may be provided for workers thus granting them medical coverage. In this case, impacts tend to be positive and significant. Positive impacts may be realized more by skilled workers though rather than for unskilled workers who are normally classified as temporary workers without special medical privileges.

Meanwhile, the impact may be negative should construction activities not adhere to strict procedures on occupational safety. Accidents and hazards may occur on site thus there are risks facing both skilled and unskilled workers. These hazards may also be experienced in adjoining communities in activities that would generate noise, pollution and dust; hence, construction activities would have to adopt proper measures to ensure public health and safety. Another factor is whether safeguards are in place to secure the project site from outsiders and ensure that petty crimes such as theft, trespassing and other forms of illegal entry are prevented. Under strict enforcement of safe conditions on-site and off-site, the impact to public health would be nil.

Workers that will be involved in the dredging/desilting operations will also be exposed to the dirty water from the esteros and drainage channels. The water quality surveys undertaken during the study indicated that the esteros contain very high levels of coliform or pathogenic organisms. The workers will be exposed to this condition and thus have risk of acquiring diseases such as typhoid, cholera, diarrhea and the like. The exposure can be minimized with the use of safety protective gears and proper construction methods.

VI) Health and Safety of General Public To prevent accidents for the passing general public, the contractor must provide proper signages in conspicuous places and perimeter fencing in the construction area during the entire duration of construction activities.

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VII) Income, the Household, and the Local Economy Construction work would widen the income base of households (whose member will be hired for the project) by hiring unemployed members and increasing the pool of disposable income. At the household level, incomes earned by skilled and unskilled workers would go a long way in sustaining household needs, providing for upkeep and maintenance, and managing the dependency burden. Household needs, in particular, that may be better taken care of are food, schooling and health care; thus, in a way, better supporting the needs of dependents (especially the young). Meanwhile, at the minimum, incomes may be able to provide for minor housing repairs and improvements.

In general, the local economy in the project site could be positively influenced and catalyzed by the construction of the project since investors and business men alike could anticipate better business climate as problems and damage cause by flooding or inundation could be minimize (if not eliminated at all). On a micro scale, the local economy would benefit as construction activities tend to diversify and deepen the structure of employment and income generation. In this manner, multiplier effects could be realized as from above, increased household incomes tend to encourage more consumption that in turn increases the demand for goods and services, encourages production and supply, and generates revenues plowed back to local coffers. Multiplier effects would also arise should the migrant population increase by the number of non-locals entering the area (see next section) and once more instituting the same positive changes in demand and consumption. This virtual cycle is deemed to operate throughout the whole construction period and contribute in bolstering economic activities in study areas.

VIII) Impact on Traffic and Vehicular/Road Safety Based on the selected Project design, construction works would be undertaken in major thoroughfares such as those in Pasay, Manila, Makati, Caloocan and Quezon City thus traffic flow may be encumbered during the construction period.

According to traffic sampling study, trip ends generated by the project construction will increase the current roadway service flow rate due to the movement of construction equipment and materials delivery trucks. Thus, the future level-of-service (LOS) is expected to increase further aggravating already worsen traffic condition in the affected thoroughfares. Commuters and public transportation as well as residences and establishments lying along this road would be exposed to heavy traffic, dust and noise pollution thus causing inconvenience and delays in travel time.

Being exposed to such risks, safety along the affected stretch of roads would also be affected especially that these routes are regular plied by both public and private transport and pedestrians. As such, traffic and safety risks would have to be undertaken in strict consideration during construction supervision, particularly through a Traffic Management Plan (TMP) to be developed by the Construction Supervision Engineer and Contractor). The TMP should include guidelines on the rationalization of construction schedules to manage construction during daytime and periods of peak traffic, and the use of appropriate signage, lighting and warning devices for approaching traffic. Copies of the TMP would be provided to concerned LGUs and agencies in-charge of traffic in the Metropolitan Manila for dissemination to their respective engineering and traffic enforcement divisions, and solicit their assistance in its implementation.

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IX) Women’s Welfare The impact on women may depend on their position within the economy and the household. Given the male bias of construction work where jobs are offered mainly to men based on perceptions and stereotypes regarding ‘men’s work’ and ‘women’s work’, women in general may not avail of direct employment opportunities during construction, and may participate only in the provision of informal work in their capacity as food vendors, helpers, and sex workers.

Indirect employment may be available because as mentioned, food vending and domestic help may be work opportunities. In such case, the impact on women may be positive and significant as it enhances their position as income-contributing members of the household. This position could be further enhanced should women be able to control and decide the use for such incomes.

The same positive effect could manifest in the households of male workers. With the incomes brought about by male workers to their households, women who are part of these households are able to stretch their budgets accordingly. However, this is insofar as women are entrusted with the budget. Likewise, this will not compare to the opportunity of being direct or indirect workers during construction. This work alternative grants women the opportunity to be independent income-raisers than just remain wives dependent on the incomes handed over by their spouses or male relatives.

The direction of impacts are not that straightforward though when it comes to sex work, a trade outwardly unsanctioned yet permitted discreetly under societal norms. Construction activities, as it is with the rise of male-dominated occupations in an area (e.g., mining), are often considered enhancing the demand for sex workers. Sex work is generally discouraged in the job-site though and measures would have to be enforced to ensure proper decorum and behavior on-site of skilled and unskilled male workers, and other hirees. As to sex work, the impact on women tends to be dual in being positive on one hand, as the opportunity to have incomes may enable them to fulfill personal and household obligations; but also negative, on the other hand, in the intangible loss of self-esteem, dignity and other personal values sacrificed by being engaged in the sex trade.

X) Archaeology/Heritage There are no known archaeological sites that are likely to be affected by the implementation of the project. The impact on archaeology/cultural heritage is nil.

3) Operation Phase Impacts Potential impacts during the operation phase are discussed in the succeeding sections. The discussion considers potential occurrence of various unmitigated impacts. Mitigating measures are partly presented for each adverse impact. Detailed discussion on mitigations is presented in Chapter K.2.4. A scaling checklist for unmitigated operation phase impacts is presented in Table K.2.10.

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Table K.2.10 Matrix for Environmental Impacts During Operation Phase Without Mitigation

Probability Impact Reversibility/ Impact Potential Impacts Nature Magnitude of Geographic Extent Area Permanence Duration Occurrence 1) Threat of No Effect - - - - - Environmental Hazard 2) Water Quality and Positive Significant High Reversible/Permanent Long term Vicinity of the project area Quantity 3) Surface and Ground Negative/ Moderate to High Reversible/Permanent Long term Vicinity of the project area Water Hydrology Positive significant 4) Open Space and Environment Environment No Effect - - - - -

Physico-Chemical Recreation 5) Geological Impact No Effect ------K- 53 1) Effect on Ecological Positive Significant High Reversible/Permanent Long term Vicinity of the project area Environment Biological Environment Environment 1) Land Values Positive Significant High Irreversible/Permanent Long term Vicinity of the project area 2) Management of Vacated Positive Significant High Irreversible/Permanent Long term Vicinity of the project area Areas 3) Aesthetics Positive Significant High Reversible/Permanent Long term Vicinity of the project area 4) Public Health and Positive Significant High Reversible/Permanent Long term Vicinity of the project area Safety Positive Modelate High Irreversible/Permanent Long term Immediate vicinity of the 5) Women’s Welfare

Environment Environment project area Socio-Economic Socio-Economic 6) Employment Positive Significant High Permanent Long term Opportunities 7) Local Economy Positive Significant High Reversible/Permanent Long term Vicinity of the project area

A. Impact on the Physico-Chemical Environment I) Threat of Environmental Hazards No threat of environmental hazard is expected from the project. The project is in fact an environmental enhancement project.

II) Water Quality and Quantity During the operation of the project, the project is expected to help improve the water quality in the subject waterways and drainage canals by eliminating stagnant waterways in drainage channels. In times of heavy rains, increase capacity of the waterways and drainage channels will prevent flooding thus the impact is positive. Conveyance of water from upstream to downstream is expected to improve.

Increased velocity of flowing waters creates aeration of the water, thus enhancing self-purification. Quantity of flowing water per unit time may likewise increase. This will either have positive or negative impacts. In case where water quality is bad, especially the conveyance of untreated domestic wastewater from commercial, and households, negative impact will be experience in the ultimate receptor of floodwater. Conveyance of water pollutants such as solid wastes as well as silt/sediment transport may likewise speed up possibly polluting the nearby water streams. Scouring of river, increase transport of silt, and contaminants will be the negative effects. In times of heavy rains, increase capacity of the waterways and drainage channels will prevent flooding thus the impact is positive.

III) Surface and Groundwater Hydrology During the operation of the project, conveyance of water from upstream to downstream (ultimately to Manila Bay) is expected to be improved. In case where water quality is bad, negative impact will be experience in Manila Bay which is the ultimate receptor of floodwater. Conveyance of water pollutants such as solid wastes and raw sewage, as well as silt/sediment transport may likewise speed up possibly polluting Manila Bay. Scouring of riverbanks may also be possible because of improved velocity of flowing water.

To minimize conveyance of raw sewage and solid, strong community participation is required. Proper solid waste management and disposal must be practiced in the project area to prevent clogging of drainage channels. With minimize or total elimination of dumping garbage into drainage channels, the flow capacity of the drainage would be maintained as well as the efficiency of the rehabilitated pumping stations would be maintained. In the case of raw sewage which deteriorate water quality, the LGUs and the community could help improve it by voluntarily constructing septic tanks that could partially treat the raw sewage before discharging it to the drainage channels. All of these measures depend on the degree of cooperation of the concerned LGUs and local people in the project area. Consequently, the project purpose of improving the living environment of the communities living in the primary and secondary impact zones will not be defeated.

IV) Open Space and Recreation The project operation will not in anyway affect open space and recreation of the project area.

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V) Geological Impact The proposed project has very little impact on the geologic resources and processes. This is primarily due to the fact that the waterways that will be improved have already been altered by previous activities. In addition, the general environment in the region where the project will be undertaken is largely a built-up environment.

B. Impact on the Biological Environment Flooding usually result in damages of terrestrial and aquatic resources in the project area. These include the greeneries in open parks and spaces, ornamental plants, trees and field or backyard crops. With the operation of the project, vegetation and biomass in the project area may be improved and increased.

Commercial and backyard animal rising may likely to improve since the threat property damages caused by flooding is minimized. In this case, the impact is positive.

C. Impact on the Socio-Cultural Environment The proposed drainage system improvement work when constructed and made functional based on design standards would generate positive social impacts.

I) Land Values Land values in the study areas would tend to appreciate as improvements in drainage capacity halts further deterioration of the natural environment and enables land to recover its usefulness under flood-free conditions. The quality of land is therefore enhanced and made available for diverse uses (e.g., residential, commercial and industrial) considering that safety standards may have been addressed by the drainage improvement works. Particular to the study areas, the quality of land is essential to accommodate increasing population growth rates and be responsive to increasing land requirements of investors. Meanwhile, the clearing of informal settlements along waterways could contribute to increasing land values by improving aesthetics and enhancing livability of barangays bereft of such settlements. Clearing could likewise enable concerned LGUs to implement projects that could revive affected waterways their quality and pristine conditions.

II) Management of Vacated Areas The absence of informal settlements along waterways would particularly enable LGUs to pursue recovery efforts such as beautification, greening and parks development that could be undertaken in partnership with communities, NGOs, and the private sector. It should be noted, however, that cleared areas should be safeguarded with physical and regulatory controls by the LGUs (and partner communities) because open access may encourage re-entry of settlements and the return of relocatees. Physical controls would include fencing, 24-hour patrols and weekly monitoring, possibly with the help of barangay councils. Regulatory controls, meanwhile, comprise of laws and ordinances setting conditions of entry and setting penalties for incursions made by groups (e.g., squatting syndicates) and individuals.

III) Aesthetics Clearing of obstructions along waterways and demolition of structures in esteros, channels and easement areas will improve to a great extent the general environmental condition in the core area of Metro Manila. The dredging and desilting activities will result in better water quality of the esteros/channels and consequently the surrounding

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bodies of water where most of the esteros/channels feed into. The improvement will greatly help in restoring the image of the various historical landmarks in the core area, whose image, to some degree is marred by the dismal condition in the core area. Thus, the impact is highly significant and positive.

IV) Public Health and Safety Public health and safety would be substantially improved as flood control works would reduce the incidence of flooding-related sickness and diseases. From mortality and morbidity data in study areas, diseases from water pollution are prevalent such as diarrhea/dysentery, gastroenteritis, skin diseases and parasitism. Control of such diseases although not entirely the purview of flood control is made much effective by the absence of aggravating factors such as inundation and deterioration of flood waters.

Indirectly, benefits redound to the household in the reduction of related medical expenditures and the diversion of extra income to other essential needs. Public health improvements from flood control also generates economic benefits in the reduction of absences of the local workforce and correspondingly, of health-related transfers such as health subsidies and paid sick leaves.

V) Women’s Welfare Women are considered to be directly impacted by flooding particularly in such activities as carrying and looking after loads and children in the event of evacuation, doing clean-up work, and caring for the sick who have contracted flooding-related illnesses. Thus, flood control and drainage improvement works would go a long way in relieving them of physical burdens and emotional stress in the event of flooding. With houses spared from flooding, the women would confine themselves to completing household tasks rather than distressing themselves of how their households would cope with said disasters. Health and repair costs are also not incurred thus the household budget is saved from expenditures that could have likewise been incurred if houses and household members suffer from inundation and disease vectors associated with flooding.

VI) Employment Opportunities During operation phase, employment opportunities will be available for management, operation and maintenance of drainage system and dredging equipment. Advance notice of hiring should be advertised in the community prior to operation phase. Only competent personnel will be hired.

VII) Local Economy Benefits to the local economy specific to flood control and drainage improvement works would include the following: ƒ Continuity of operations in previously inundated commercial and industrial establishments ƒ Continuity in market activity as transport of good and commodities remains unencumbered while access to services is facilitated by the presence of all-weather roads ƒ Savings in management costs in the decline of absences and tardiness of workers formerly affected by flooding ƒ Diversion of household income to other essential needs other than medical expenditures from flood related sickness and diseases ƒ Lower maintenance cost of vehicles, housing and property

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ƒ Enhanced image of the LGU resulting to more investments and increased livability for constituents (4) Residual Impacts As far as can be determined, the project will not have any adverse residual impacts. During construction waste, all collected dredged materials from esteros, silt and solid waste from drainage mains can be handled and disposed of at acceptable manner. Relocation of project affected people can be likewise carried out in orderly manner following the agreements that were arrived at and settled with the affected stakeholders. During O&M stage, the project would provide long term benefits to the people living around the project area.

K.2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, MONITORING AND INTUITIONAL PLANS (1) General The Environmental Management Plan (EMP), the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) and the Institutional Plan are designed to implement drainage system improvement work project in the core area of Metro Manila in an environment-friendly manner.

The EMP contains the courses of action appropriate for the potential impacts identified and discussed. It contains specific measures that will enhance potential positive impacts, with the purpose of maximizing the beneficial impacts and minimizing the adverse impacts, at different stages of project implementation

The EMoP is a pro-active plan that serves as blue print in overseeing and preventing the occurrence of identified adverse impacts during the construction and operation and maintenance (O&M) phases of the Project. Monitoring action plan is recommended to be undertaken by the Project Proponent and/or concerned stakeholders. The results of the periodic monitoring works shall be used in assessing the project compliance on matters stipulated in this EIS document and the project ECC. Formulation of a "Reporting System" among key personnel of the project implementing agency and among members of the Multi-Partite Monitoring Team (MMT) to be created for the project will provide effective feedback mechanisms to ensure that all important environment related matters are properly monitored and addressed.

Distinct in all organizational set up are its operation and mandates. Presented in the Institutional Plan under this EIS are the basic functions of the Project Proponent in relations to the implementation of the project. In turn, preliminary institutional linkages and organizational scheme that will facilitate the task of implementing the EMP on one hand, and in providing the Project Management a means to directly address environmental problems in the project site are recommended. Further presented in this section are the functions of the environmental unit and the responsible officers especially the Environmental Officer (EO) who shall take charge of overall management and supervision of the EMP and EMoP implementation during all phases of the Project.

(2) Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 1) EMP for Pre-Construction Phase Impacts A. Geologic Consideration (Structural Integrity and Stability) The engineering design of the drainage improvement works shall comply with the specifications set by local and international standards which would consider local physical and geological setting in the project area. DPWH and its design consultants shall ensure that the design and plans for the project are based on sound engineering merits and practices.

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B. Site Clearing The planners and engineering design team of the project have considered in the design that damage to private properties and existing vegetation in the project area shall be critically avoided during site clearing and preparation. For example, DPWH and its contractor will ensure that trees planted along the island (where maintenance holes are located) shall be handled with utmost care during declogging of Buendia Outfall. During dredging of the esteros, damage to private properties that are not part of the project and compensated by the project would be avoided.

C. Relocation of Affected Communities Displacement of communities is inevitable in this project. Extensive coordination and consultation with the families to be affected were done. During the consultations and workshop with the stakeholders, the relocation site and its facilities as well as the possible livelihood and income support and opportunities were discussed. Concerns discussed on the consultations with the stakeholders were considered in the design and preparation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and Social Development Plan (SDP). Public acceptance for the project although displacement of people is involved is widely gaining support and approval.

D. Public Acceptance of the Project For project involving displacement of people and their habitat, thorough public consultation to address their issues and concerns to gain public acceptance is imperative. For this project, series of consultative workshops was undertaken in anticipation of potential opposition and objection from project affected people. To date, the project proponent has successfully involved the project affected people and key stakeholders in planning the project especially in matters that would require serious discussions and considerations like demolition of encroaching structures and the subsequent relocation of the affected people. ‐ Small group consultative meetings and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with Barangay Captains of affected barangays; ‐ Social Development Planning Workshop held on 15 January 2005 at Max’s Restaurant Function Room, EGI Bldg., Taft Avenue corner Buendia Ave., Pasay City Likewise, during the conduct of the Master Planning and Feasibility Study for the project, series of workshops and seminars have been carried out to inform the concern stakeholders about the project and promote participatory planning for the project. ‐ First Consultative Workshop on 10 March 2004 at Philippines Trade Training Center ‐ Technical Seminar on 19 May 2004 at Bayview Park Hotel ‐ Second Consultative Workshop on 21 May 2004 at the Philippines Trade Training Center ‐ Third Consultative Workshop on 22 July 2004 at the Philippines Trade Training Center ‐ Cluster Workshop for Affected Barangays on 23 July 2004 at Bayview Park Hotel Further, proof of social acceptability in the form of barangay endorsements have been secured by the Project Proponent.

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2) EMP for Construction Phase Impacts Based on the impact assessment presented in Clause K.2.3, the following construction phase impacts are considered important in this EIA study and thus, demand important management attention.

A. Impacts on the Physico-Chemical Environment I) Threat of Environmental Hazards One of the identified sources of hazards during construction stage is the potential generation of pollution from construction materials which can be classified as hazardous materials. Examples of hazardous materials typically found at construction sites are petroleum products (e.g., lubricating oils, grease), fuels (e.g., gasoline, kerosene), solvents, paints, batteries, and other miscellaneous equipment and supplies. These are usually temporarily stored at the construction site. In order to prevent the occurrence of any unwanted event of pollution in the project area during construction phase, the following must be observed: a) Avoid fuel spills and lubricant leaks. b) Storage of hazardous materials should be in special-purpose storage warehouse or buildings (with secondary containment and hard stands) to be located in a considerable distance from the active construction zone. All these hazardous construction materials will be properly handled and stored in accordance with standard code of safety and technical specifications of the engineering works contract. II) Disposal of Dredged Materials from Esteros and Drainage Channels In formulating appropriate EMP for dredged materials, the Project proponent has undertaken the following approach: ƒ Characterization of the material to be dredged as to contamination by heavy metals and other persistent pollutants; ƒ Estimation of the volume of material to be disposed; and ƒ Selection of the best possible method for disposal As shown in the baseline characterization of the sediment (dredged materials from esteros and drainage channels), the sediment does not contain levels of deleterious chemicals such as toxic and hazardous heavy metals that would warrant especial treatment and disposal of these dredged materials. In this case, the dredged materials can be dumped in appropriate dumping area for construction spoils without further treating the dredged materials.

The estimated volume of dredged materials from esteros/creeks is placed at 139,000 m3 while declogging of drainage mains is expected to yield 20,000m3 of silt and solid waste. When engaging government accredited contractors for the project, the Project Proponent may opt to require the interested contractor to find the appropriate disposal area for these materials as part f their scope of services. In this case, the Project Proponent’s responsibility will be lessen and they will just need to check and monitor if the transport and disposal of these dredged and silt materials complies with their internal requirements and that of the DENR requirements.

III) Effect on Water Quality and Quantity During construction phase, rain run-off and soil erosion may result to deterioration of

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water quality of the receiving body of water. In order to minimize the soil erosion due to excavation, bracing and shoring will be provided. Waste materials should be properly collected and dumped at the proper dumpsite for disposal. During rainy season, excess excavated materials shall be immediately hauled away from the construction site. These materials may be permanently disposed of in areas that would require backfilling.

Direct discharge of the domestic wastewater that generally come from the activities of construction workers on-site can be avoided by installing portalets or temporary sanitation facilities in various strategic places in the construction area. Adequate number of portalets will be provided and placed in strategic areas to temporarily contain and store wastewater. A third party collection company will be engaged to collect and properly dispose of accumulated domestic wastewater and domestic solid wastes in the project site.

IV) Air Quality and Atmosphere Dust generation may be one of the major issues during construction stage in the immediate area due to soil/road disturbance and strong winds. To mitigate this impact, regular sprinkling of water in the exposed areas and immediate rehabilitation of the exposed working area will significantly address the problem. If water is scarce or not available, a tarpaulin or any soil cover must be provided for soil pile. The excavation and backfilling activities must be scheduled properly.

Other source of air pollution such as the emission of gaseous pollutants from heavy equipment can be minimized by ensuring that this heavy equipment are regularly maintained and operated.

V) Noise/Sonic Environment Although noise impact cannot be mitigated, but it can be lessen if the activity is scheduled during daytime only. All construction activities will be suspended during the nighttime to minimize public nuisance. Impacts of noise to construction workers could be mitigated by adopting a personal safeguard such as using earplugs and earmuffs. The use of noise suppressors (mufflers) in equipment and vehicles is also necessary.

VI) Disposal of Solid Waste from Esteros and Drainage Mains Temporary storage and transport of dredged materials that may contain large percentage of solid waste materials must be considered in the construction plan. Strict adherence to the provisions of RA 9003 or the ecological solid waste management act should be observed to ensure proper storage, transport and disposal of the dredged materials. In case of contracting out the disposal of the dredged materials and solid waste from esteros and drainage mains, the Project Proponent must see to it that the collection and transport of these materials are properly carried out by the contractor. Likewise, the disposal site for the dredged materials or collected solid waste from esteros must have relevant DENR permits and clearances.

VII) Effect of Odors During dredging along the esteros of Tripa de Gallina and Sunog Apog, dredged materials may generate foul odor that could irritate the nearby communities. Proper construction techniques, management of foul smelling dredged materials and spoils must be employed. If necessary, application of odor reducers should be employed.

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The odor reducer that will be used should be environment friendly and must also be environmentally acceptable.

VIII) Effect on Aesthetics To minimize undesirable visual impacts that affect the aesthetics of the project area, the Project Proponent will ensure that construction debris and other construction materials would not create nuisance or become eyesores. Mitigating measures should include solid waste management activities such as setting-up of buffer strips for equipment and stockpiles and the regular clean-up and clearing activities on a daily basis that would be incorporated and closely monitored in the work plan of the Contractor. Collection and disposal of debris and solid waste would be coordinated with truck collection schedules enforced by the City Government. Similar to the traffic management plan (TMP), the solid waste management plans to be developed jointly by the Construction Supervision and Contractor should be disseminated to the City Government. In addition, the construction site will be maintained as orderly and clean as possible.

B. Impact on the Socio-Economic Environment I) Population Dynamics The proponent may exercise the option of sourcing workers from its unemployed labor force as a cost-saving and unemployment-reducing measure or may opt to hire workers from outside especially those with specializations not found within the area.

In light with potential increase in population during construction phase, it should be ensured that the stock of housing units is adequate to meet shelter needs of the incoming migrant population.

As much as possible, the proponent should hire female non-technical and technical workers appropriate for their qualifications to ensure gender equality and equal job opportunities for qualified male and female workers in the area.

II) Employment and Income It should be stressed that the Project Proponent may impose special conditions in hiring to absorb the unemployed in the area. This condition may be imposed in the bidding documents as contractors have been found out to mobilize their own construction teams, thus their own labor force. If this happens, then employment generation within the area may not be fully realized under the Project. Advanced notice of hiring should be advertised in the community prior to construction phase.

The self-employed in the area that operate small businesses such as carinderias, eateries or itinerant vending activities could benefit by selling their wares and services on site. The demand for construction materials and other material requirements could also drive the local construction industry and thus boost growth of the local economy.

III) Dependency Burden Prioritization and hiring of local labor force to ensure direct benefits of the proposed project would increases local household income, thereby, enhancing the ability to support children and elderly dependents. A possible improvement would be on the school allowances given to children as well as the budget allocated for education, health care and nutrition. Especially for local workers, transportation savings generated from not needing to travel to more remote workplaces may be channeled as additional budget

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for the needs of young and elderly dependents.

IV) Housing Characteristics and Utilities Prioritization and hiring of local labor force to ensure direct benefits of the proposed project. Temporary increase in household income to local labor force may perhaps cover for minor improvements such as repair and maintenance of dilapidated sections of their housing units.

V) Occupational Health and Public Safety To prevent accidents and hazards that may occur on site thus risking both skilled and unskilled workers and possibly outsiders too, the project proponent must ensure adherence to Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) Occupational Safety and Health Hazard Standards with particular emphasis on the following: 1. Personal protective equipment (Rule 1040) which specify the use and types of eye and face protection, respiratory protection, hand and arm protection, safety belt life lines and safety nets and safety shoes. 2. Personal protective equipment, and minimum space requirements for gas, electric welding and cutting operations (Rule 1100) 3. Fire protection and control rule (Rule 1940) 4. Notification and record keeping requirements (Rule 1050) The Project Proponent recognizes that the success of construction depend on the capability and safety mindedness of its construction workers, among others. Hence, provision of a healthy and safe working environment must be one major concern of the Proponent and the contractor. Workers are to be supervised by a qualified supervisor. Worker safety is to be priority of the work supervisor. The supervisor of construction should be trained in First Aid and emergency procedures. To ensure that the above will be followed, this will be included in the General and/or Special Conditions of Contract for engineering works.

VI) Effect on Local Planning, Coordination and Economic Growth To maintain good working relationships among the proponent, the contractor, DENR and other concerned local and national agencies, periodic coordination meetings will be held. A news bulletin published monthly would be appropriate to keep the public updated of the progress of implementation.

The proponent and the municipal government of all cities involve should strictly adhere to the approved land use and zoning plan for the area surrounding the project site. This plan should be strictly implemented to avoid land use conflicts in the future. The land use and zoning plan will also prevent the creation of undesirable housing clusters in the vicinity of the project. Further, the land use plan is necessary to promote cohesive and pro-active planning with the end view of further improving the economic conditions in the core area of metro manila and the related cities in general.

VII) Vehicular Traffic and Public Safety One construction project management strategy which can alleviate the extent of the transient effect in the congestion of traffic is by segmental closure of work areas. It is also necessary to adopt a comprehensive Traffic Management Plan (TMP) to manage traffic conditions in the project area in cooperation with the LGU and the public, inclusive of information and education campaign to educate the whole populace of the

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affected community about the need to undertake construction works especially its importance to infrastructure improvement for Metro Manila. The following considerations should form part of the TMP: ƒ Hauling of construction materials and movement would be significant since there would be heavy traffic in the project route especially that these routes are regularly plied by public transport and pedestrians. As such, traffic and safety risks would have to be undertaken in strict consideration during construction supervision. The TMP should include guidelines on the rationalization of construction schedules to manage construction during daytime and periods of peak traffic, and the use of appropriate signage, lighting and warning devices for approaching traffic. Posting of traffic-related advisory must be a component of the traffic management scheme. ƒ For earth-moving activities especially along the project area, markers with warning signs against entry and unwanted activity near the construction site shall be installed. These markers aim to prevent accidents caused by moving machineries. The TMP should ensure overall road safety along the affected roads and manageability of heavy traffic and transport flows. From a social point of view, the TMP would have to include the following measures: à Allowing still the free flow of traffic and transport, from the avoidance of construction works being simultaneously undertaken at both sides of the road to provide additional space for traffic flows and prevent vehicle build-up and accidents resulting from negotiating tight routes; à Prevention of accidental trespassing of the public in the construction site, through the establishment of a buffer strip for equipment and stockpile of construction materials a few meters away from the road line and in an area blocked from public entry; à Avoidance of unregulated traffic building causing undue disturbance and delays in transaction of the public, through the placement of warning signals for incoming traffic at strategic locations before approaching construction areas; and preferably, the assignment of traffic aides at both ends of construction area to regulate 2-way traffic and transport flow; à Avoidance of road accidents and other mishaps costing lives and undue health costs, through the provision of lights and signs at the construction site and for safety, bounding of work areas with neon strips and the daily clearing of road debris and closure of manholes and other excavations when not in use. 3) EMP for the Operation Phase Impacts The project is an infrastructure project that was designed to improve and enhance the existing environmental condition in the project area particularly to abate and mitigate flooding problems. In the section of impact assessment during operation phase, most of the impacts identified are positive. In this case, enhancement of those positive impacts could be attained by properly instituting diligent operation and maintenance (O & M) of the installed flood control and drainage structures.

Among those positive impacts that were identified with corresponding enhancement measures are as follows:

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Impact Enhancement/Mitigation Measures Physico-Chemical Related ƒ Concerted efforts among local people, NGOs and concerned government agencies to regulate disposal of domestic solid wastes and wastewaters into the river and drainage channels, (a) to prevent water pollution, (b) to maintain cleanliness and sanitation in the area, (c) prevent clogging of the waterways, and (d) protect public health and safety. Socio Economic Related ƒ The key mitigation measure is the sound and effective operation Impacts and maintenance of all the flood control and drainage ƒ Public Health and Safety improvement structures. This may include regular desiltation ƒ Local Economy, Labor and/or dredging to increase discharge capacity of esteros and and Employment canals. ƒ Land Values ƒ Flood forecasting and warning during rainy or flood season to forewarn people of impending floods (especially in times where ƒ People’ Living there is structural defects in any of the installed flood control and Condition drainage structures). ƒ Vehicular Traffic ƒ Disaster and flood preparedness program involving multi-agency participation.

4) Summary of the Environmental Management Plan The proposed Environmental Management Plan for the Pre-Construction, Construction and Operation/Maintenance Phases of the Proposed Drainage Improvement in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila Project is presented in Table K.2.11.

5) Contingency Plans Contingency plan in dealing with structural failures of the flood control and drainage structures must be implemented by the Project Proponent. Likewise, contingency program or disaster preparedness program related to flooding must be designed and implemented by the Project Proponent to minimize property and human damages.

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Table K.2.11 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (1/4) Project Phases and Impact Mitigation Program Cost Schedule Institutional Plan Guarantees Area of Concern Description PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Covered by Include in Master Geologic consideration ƒ Incorporation of geological the contract During planning and Plan, Feasibility Project benefits DPWH/ Technical (structural integrity and considerations in detailed cost of the detailed engineering Study and Detailed impaired Consultant stability) design Technical design Engineering Design Consultant for the project ƒ Removal only of epigeal portion (retaining the roots) of vegetation to allow Loss of natural natural regeneration DPWH/ Technical Include in Master Vegetation loss during vegetation; During surveying and Minimal Consultant/ Plan and Feasibility surveying site clearing activities ƒ Depends on selected site; Contractor Study for the project minimal since area is K -65 relatively developed (only insects /small animals will be displaced) ƒ Public Consultations and Public Consultation preparation of applicable Reports, Proof of > to be based Loss/ damage to RAP and SDP for the Social Acceptability Relocation of affected on actual cost During Planning Stage properties of affected community DPWH/ LGUs from Barangays, Communities (estimates is and site clearing affected households Homeowners not final) ƒ Just compensation for the Association and affected families City Hall Public Consultation DPWH/ Technical Covered by Reports, Proof of ƒ Public hearing and Consultant/ the contract Social Acceptability Public acceptance of the Public participation consultations should be During planning stage or LGUs/Other cost of the from Barangays, project and cooperation conducted to address the pre-construction phase concerned Technical Homeowners concerns of the stakeholders government Consultant Association and agencies City Hall

Table K.2.11 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (2/4) Project Phases and Impact Mitigation Program Cost Institutional Plan Schedule Guarantees Area of Concern Description CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1) Threat of Soil and water Adherence to RA 6969/Good Covered by DPWH/ Contractor During the entire Included in the environmental pollution Housekeeping/ Adherence to the contract period of the conditions of civil hazards sound engineering practices cost of the construction phase works contract contractor 2) Disposal of Soil and water Adherence to RA 6969/Good Covered by DPWH/ Contractor During the entire Included in the dredged materials pollution; health Housekeeping/ Adherence to the contract period of the conditions of civil from esteros and hazard sound engineering practices cost of the construction phase works contract drainage channels contractor 3) Effect on water Surface and Provision of Portalets/No direct >200,000 DPWH/ Contractor During the entire Included in the quality and groundwater discharge of domestic wastewater period of the conditions of civil quantity pollution construction phase works contract 4) Effect on air Dust generation Proper maintenance of heavy >100,000 DPWH/ Contractor During the entire Included in the quality and emission of equipment; regular sprinkling of period of the conditions of civil K -66 gaseous pollutants water to exposed areas (when construction phase works contract applicable) 5) Noise/sonic Unavoidable noise Suspend construction activities >100,000 DPWH/ Contractor During the entire Included in the environment increase generated during nighttime; use of mufflers period of the conditions of civil from different for heavy equipment and vehicles construction phase works contract construction equipment 6) Disposal of solid Threat of Strict adherence to the provisions Covered by DPWH/ Contractor/ During the entire Included in the waste from esteros environmental of RA 9003 or Ecological Solid the contract LGUs period of the conditions of civil and drainage mains pollution (soil and Waste Management Act cost of the construction and works contract water pollution) contractor operation phase 7) Effect of odors Air pollution; Employ proper construction Covered by DPWH/ Contractor During the entire Included in the odor nuisance and technique, management of the contract period of the conditions of civil irritation to spoils and application of odor cost of the construction and works contract nearby reducers contractor operation phase communities

Table K.2.11 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (3/4) Project Phases and Impact Mitigation Program Cost Institutional Plan Schedule Guarantees Area of Concern Description CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1) Effect on aesthetics Visual eyesores Maintenance of the orderliness >1 M DPWH/ Contractor/ During the entire Included in the and cleanliness at the construction LGUs period of the conditions of civil site construction and works contract operation phase Potential increase Covered by Prioritize local labor; ensure 2) Population of population the contract Prior to construction Site Inspection adequate stock of housing units DPWH/ Contractor Dynamics during construction cost of the phase Report for shelter needs phase Contractor 3) Employment and Economic benefits; income but may not be Advanced notice of hiring should Prior to construction Data of hired opportunities fully realized >100,000 DPWH/ Contractor be advertised in the community phase personnel during construction because of imposed

K -67 phase bidding conditions 4) Occupational Occurrence of Compliance with DOLE’s >500,000 During the entire Included in the health and public work-related regulations on Occupational period of the conditions of civil DPWH/ Contractor safety accidents Safety and Health Hazard construction phase works contract Standards 5) Vehicular traffic Traffic congestion Adopt a comprehensive Traffic >500,000 During the entire Included in the and public safety and road accidents Management Plan (TMP); install DPWH/ Contractor/ period of the conditions of civil signages and warning devices at LGUs construction phase works contract the construction site

Table K.2.11 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (4/4) Project Phases and Impact Mitigation Program Cost Institutional Schedule Guarantees Area of Concern Description Plan OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O & M) PHASE 1) Physico-Chemical Direct disposal of Concerted efforts among local people, NGOs >1,000,000 DPWH/ MMDA/ During the entire Include in Master Related Impacts domestic solid and concerned government agencies to LGUs period of the Plan and Feasibility wastes and regulate disposal of domestic solid wastes operation and Study for the wastewaters into and wastewaters into the river and drainage maintenance project; ECC rivers and drainage channels, (a) to prevent water pollution, (b) (O&M) phase conditionality channels, which to maintain cleanliness and sanitation in the can cause water area, (c) prevent clogging of the waterways, pollution, clogging and (d) protect public health and safety. of waterways and affect public health and safety. 2) Public Health and Project benefits The key mitigation measure is the sound and >5,000,000 DPWH/ MMDA/ During the entire Include in Master K -68 Safety will be impaired effective operation and maintenance of all the LGUs period of the Plan and Feasibility flood control and drainage improvement operation and Study for the structures. This may include regular maintenance project; ECC 3) Local Economy, desiltation and/or dredging to increase (O&M) phase conditionality Labor and discharge capacity of esteros and canals. Employment, Flood forecasting and warning during rainy or flood season to forewarn people of 4) Land Values, impending floods (especially in times where People’ Living there is structural defects in any of the Condition, installed flood control and drainage structures). 5) Vehicular Traffic Disaster and flood preparedness program involving multi-agency participation.

(3) Environmental Monitoring Plan There is a need to institutionalize a Monitoring Program for the proposed improvement drainage project that would serve as a blue print in overseeing and preventing the occurrence of adverse impacts during the construction and operation phases of the Project. The monitoring works should be undertaken by a multi-partite monitoring team (MMT) to be created especially for the project. Members of the MMT created by DENR and project proponent will come from various interested groups such as non-government organizations (NGOs), people’s organizations (POs), academe, and the like. The project proponent should allocate an operating budget to mobilize and support the team. The results of the monitoring initiative will be used by the Project Proponent in gauging performance with respect to compliance of the project with the EMP and ECC conditions. Included as part of the monitoring plan is the formulation of a “Reporting System” within the organization and among the members of the MMT.

During construction phase, the following environmental and socio-economic parameters must be diligently monitored by the project proponent and MMT members:

Physico-chemical Environment Test Parameters Frequency - Water quality 6 water samples to be tested for The need for water sampling will conventional parameters (pH, be done depending on the DO, salinity, BOD, COD, TDS, physical observation of the TSS, pH, color, oil & grease, surface water bodies (i.e. 3- 6+ PO4 , Total N, Cr , Total turbidity, abnormal Coliform, and Surfactants) based discoloration) on Class C water

- Air quality Fugitive dust during earthmoving Monitor air quality once a and Total Suspended Particulate fortnight for 8 to 24 hours over (TSP), offensive odors, and the construction period, where fumes from vehicle necessary emissions-CO2 and NO2

- Sediment quality and quantity Parameters to be analyzed are The need for sediment sampling color, odor, As, Hg, Pb, total will be done depending on the CN-, Cr6+ & Cd. physical observation of the bottom sediment (i.e. odor, abnormal discoloration) Socio-economic parameters - Number of actual relocated Number of remaining families Prior and during construction project affected people and houses/shanties in esteros phase compared with number of actual relocated families - Number of local workers Ratio of hired workers (local During hiring period (living in the project area/ hired residents vs migrant workers) for the project )

Table K.2.12 present the proposed monitoring plan for the proposed DICAMM project.

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Table K.2.12 Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) (1/3)

Project Phase / Area Parameter Procedure Location Frequency Responsibility Cost (P) of Concern A. CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1) Water Quality 6 water samples to be tested for Collection of water At selected points The need for water Project Proponent/ >200,000.00 per conventional parameters (pH, samples from Esteros or sections of sampling will be done Contractor monitoring DO, salinity, BOD, COD, TDS, and drainage mains esteros and depending on the TSS, pH, color, oil & grease, and laboratory drainage mains physical observation of 3- 6+ PO4 , Total N, Cr , Total analysis the surface water bodies Coliform, and Surfactants) (i.e. turbidity, abnormal based on Class C water discoloration) / Quarterly 2) Air Quality Fugitive dust during Statistical data using At selected Twice a year Project Proponent/ >100,000.00 per earthmoving and Total the Staplex observation station Contractor sampling K -70 Suspended Particulate (TSP), high-volume sampler in the project site offensive odors, and fumes for STP and using the from vehicle emissions-CO2 and Air Chek Gas Sampler NO2 for CO2 and SO2

3) Sediment Quality Parameters to be analyzed are Estero sediment At selected points The need for sediment Project Proponent/ P200,000.00 per and Quantity color, odor, As, Hg, Pb, total sampling and or sections of sampling will be done Contractor monitoring CN-, Cr6+ & Cd. laboratory analysis esteros and depending on the drainage mains physical observation of the bottom sediment (i.e. odor, abnormal discoloration)

Table K.2.12 Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) (2/3)

Project Phase / Area of Parameter Procedure Location Frequency Responsibility Cost (P) Concern A. CONSTRUCTION PHASE 4) Solid Waste Volume of solid wastes from Esteros Visual observation; Construction site Daily Project Proponent/ Part of the Generation and the construction workers; Statistical data on Contractor Contractor’s Checking on the proper disposal and solid wastes Contract collection of solid wastes in adherence to RA 9003 5) No. of actual relocated Houses/shanties built on the estero Statistical data Estero de Tripa de Prior to construction Project Proponent/ >1M project affected people affected families/ Gallina Contractor/ households LGUs/other concerned agencies K -71 6) No. of local workers Ratio of hired workers (local Statistical data on Hiring offices During hiring period Project Proponent/ Part of the (living in the project residents vs migrant workers) hired workers Contractor Contractor’s area / hired for the Contract project) 7) Occupational Health Job related accidents/sickness Statistical data on job Construction site Daily Project Proponent/ Part of the and Safety related accidents and Contractor Contractor’s sickness Contract 8) Vehicular Traffic and Traffic volume (all kinds of Statistical data/ count Construction site Daily Project Proponent/ Part of the Public Safety vehicles); project and traffic related of passing vehicles per Contractor/MMD Contractor’s accidents hour and related A Contract accidents

Table K.2.12 Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) (3/3)

Project Phase / Parameter Procedure Location Frequency Responsibility Cost (P) Area of Concern B. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O&M) PHASE 1) Water Quality 6 water samples to be tested for Estero water sampling Same sampling stations Semi-annual Monitoring Team P200,000.00 per conventional parameters (pH, and laboratory identified during the in collaboration monitoring DO, salinity, BOD, COD, TDS, analysis pre-construction phase with PMU TSS, pH, color, oil & grease, 3- 6+ PO4 , Total N, Cr , Total Coliform, and Surfactants) based on Class C water 2) Offensive Odor Foul stinky odor Physical observation Along drainage route As required Monitoring Team Cost should be allocated and sense of smell in collaboration by DPWH with PMU/ LGUs 3) Sediment Quality Parameters to be analyzed are Sediment/Sludge Same sampling stations Semi-annual Monitoring Team P300,000.00 per K -72 and Quantity color, odor, As, Hg, Pb, total sampling and identified during the in collaboration monitoring CN-, Cr6+ & Cd. laboratory analysis pre-construction phase; with PMU STPs and septic tanks 4) Solid Waste Volume of solid wastes from Spot checking / Visual Along the drainage route As required Monitoring Team Part of the regular O&M Generation esteros; Checking on the proper observation and its vicinity in collaboration funds of the LGU, in disposal and collection of solid with PMU/ LGUs addition to the EMF wastes in adherence to RA 9003 5) Flooding Depth of flood Spot checking/ Vicinity of the project As required Monitoring Team Part of the regular O&M statistical data on area in collaboration funds, in addition to the depth of flood with PMU EMF 6) Informal Settlers Number of shanties/squatters Statistical data on in the drainage channels Daily Monitoring Team Part of the regular O&M proliferated in drainage channels number of squatters in collaboration funds of DPWH, in with PMU addition to the EMF 7) Public Health Project related illnesses such as Statistical data on Within the vicinity of Daily Monitoring Team Part of the regular O&M water-borne diseases water-borne diseases the Project Area in collaboration funds, in addition to the outbreak (Workers and nearby with PMU EMF residents)

(4) Institutional Plan 1) The Role of Environmental Officer (EO) The role of the EO to ensure implementation of pollution-control related plans and programs of the project proponent is very important. The EO in coordination with the project management will be responsible in formulating detailed strategy and plan of action that will respond to the requirements of the EMP and future needs relevant to the protection of the environment. The EO position handles the overall management and planning of activities that will respond to environment-related issues and concerns that may arise during the construction and operation stages of the proposed project.

The EO shall be tasked to represent the Project Proponent in coordinating with the DENR Regional, Provincial and Municipal Offices on matters related to environmental concerns. This is in compliance with DAO 26, Series of 1991 that requires the appointment/designation of an Environmental Officer.

Specifically, the following are some of the responsibilities of the Environmental Officer: 1. Coordinate with DENR-EMB Regional Office on the environmental aspects of the construction and operation activities of the project; 2. Ensure that all installed drainage improvement infrastructures are functional; 3. Monitor and maintain records regarding environmental compliance of the proposed project; and 4. Monitor all activities relative to compliance to all stipulations stated in the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). 2) Improvement Plan for O&M Part of the responsibility of the flood control section of DPWH was transferred to MMDA in August 2002. Now MMDA is responsible for O&M of drainage system in the core area and LGUs are responsible for laterals along the secondary roads. It is necessary for O&M activities of drainage channels to involve barangay communities under LGUs and to improve the coordination between MMDA and LGUs.

3) Training Training programs for operation and maintenance of the drainage project are offered in local and international private institutions. Both the key staff of the Project Proponent who will be assigned as carry takers for the project and the concerned stakeholders should undergo continual training. The training program may contribute in: a) Preparing the project proponent’s staff and project stakeholders to conditions and facilities specific to the drainage system and solid waste management; and, b) Providing the staff and the stakeholders with sufficient training and education about various functions in the operation and maintenance of the drainage system including the rehabilitated pumping stations. 4) Improvement of O&M Organization and Activities In order to support and sustain the recovered drainage system in the core area of Metropolitan Manila, O/M system is to be strengthened. It is proposed to set up an overall O/M system with the following principle: 1) A coordination committee consisting of MMDA, LGUs, DPWH and others is to be organized. 2) An overall O/M system is to be established in various fields regarding the

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improvement of drainage facilities: channels, pumping stations, solid waste management, control of illegal social activities, and execution of Information, Education and Communication campaign (IEC). 3) Responsibility for O/M activities is to be as follows. MMDA ‐ Trunk, secondary, tertiary channels and laterals ‐ Drainage pumping stations ‐ Solid waste management along drainage channel ‐ Control of illegal activity ‐ Information, Education and Communication (IEC) LGUs ‐ Laterals along local road ‐ Solid waste collection management along drainage channel ‐ Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign ‐ Barangay participation for O & M activities ‐ Resettlement Under the direction of the committee, one drainage basin or combined basins integrating drainage channels and drainage pumping stations are operated and maintained principally by one divisional office in MMDA. In this regard, reorganization of the present division offices is proposed. For smooth and effective O & M, a guideline for comprehensive drainage improvement will be prepared in the subsequent works in feasibility study. Detailed community participated maintenance measures including solid waste collection, control of illegal activities, information, education and communication campaign, etc., will be finalized in the subsequent works. Required institutional aspects and improvement of funding system will be discussed and established for urgent matters through discussions in the above coordination committee.

5) O&M Support Measures and Tools In addition to the above, improvement for various systems to support and to sustain the above comprehensive O & M system is proposed. They as follows: ‐ Document management system; ‐ Empowerment of pump diagnosis system; ‐ Manpower resources development ‐ Establishing additional rain and water level measurement equipment

(5) Social Development Plan (SDP) The social development plan for this project should be made responsive to the real needs of the relocates, host community or stakeholders in relation to the implementation of the DICAMM project. The SDP’s objective is to integrate the socio-economic, cultural and physical needs of the concerned stakeholders with emphasis on long-term requirements of the project. It should be pointed out that the project would require displacement thus requiring a comprehensive resettlement action plans. Thus in the proposed SDP, it hinges not only on directly providing settlement for the project stakeholders but also it will enhance the quality and capability of relocates to cope up with the various challenges on staying on their new settlement areas.

Based on stakeholders’ consultations, the required SDP should be focused on providing and

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strengthening the relocates capability to adapt in their new environment and provide opportunities for employment. The Project proponent in coordination with the host LGUs, other government agencies like TESDA and private agencies (business organization) will create technical or vocational training center that would specifically specialized on providing training and orientation to strengthen and enhance the employment opportunities of the relocatees.

(6) Information, Education and Communication Plan Based on public consultations and barangay wide dialogue among project proponent, the LGUs and the EIS Consultant, most of the concerned stakeholders are aware of the proposed project. Their level of awareness shows that sooner or later, most of them, the project affected people, would be resettled to pave way for the construction and eventual operation of the proposed drainage improvement project.

For this project, massive has already been made through the initiatives of the project proponent. Periodic meeting and consultations among project proponent, local officials, and project affected people and other local stakeholders have been done in order to orient each one on the status of the project implementation.

(7) Proposed Environmental Guarantee and Monitoring Funds The project will be required by EMB-DENR to set up an EGF and monitoring fund for the proposed project. It is suggested that this issue be tackled as post ECC since the project proponent is a government entity. In most cases where the project proponent is a government entity, adjustments on the costing of the EGF and EMF may be needed base on actual capability of the concerned government agency like the DPWH. Considerations of the existing government regulations (i.e. COA requirements) on the allocations of EGF and EMF are also important.

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ANNEX K.1

RESULTS OF WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY SURVEY

DURING IEE

ANNEX-K.1 RESULTS OF WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY SURVEY

A.K.1.1 WATER QUALITY

The DENR-NCR conducts quarterly monitoring of the water quality of the major rivers in Metro Manila but the esteros/creeks are not included in the monitoring. Furthermore, the esteros/creeks have no existing classification.

Table A.K.1.1 below summarizes the results of water quality. These were compared with the threshold limits for fresh surface waters as specified in DAO 34 s. of 1990, the Revised Water Uses and Classification and Water Quality Criteria for Conventional and Other Pollutants Contributing to Aesthetics and Oxygen Demand for Freshwaters.

Table A.K.1.1 Results of Analysis of Water Quality of Esteros DENR Standard Sampling Site Parameter Unit Class 1 2 3 4 5 Class D C Temperature** oC 3o rise 3o rise 27.5 27.6 27.6 29.1 28.2 pH (on site) - 6.5-8.5 6.5-9.0 7.04 7.06 6.89 7.03 7.02 DO (minimum)** mg/L 5.0 3.0 1.8 1.9 0.9 2.2 1.4 Electric µS/cm -- -- 471 386 451 463 488 Conductivity ** BOD5 mg/L 10 15 54 38 40 72 128 COD mg/L -- -- 254 145 76 96.0 133.0 MPN/ Total Coliform 5,000 5,000 16x106 16x106 16x106 16x106 16x106 100mL Total Phosphate mg/L 5.0 -- 5.22 5.51 3.73 7.70 6.69 Total Nitrogen mg/L 5.0 -- 18.0 18.48 17.64 15.60 18.96 Sampling Sites: Legend: -- No standards specified 1 – Estero de Maypajo ** On site analysis 2 – Estero de San Miguel 3 – Estero de Paco 4 – Estero de Tripa Gallina (near Puyat Ave & Marconi St.) 5 – Estero de Tripa Gallina (near Gen. J. Lacuña St.) Note: Colored cell indicate that sample did not meet the DENR standards

With BOD5 concentrations ranging from 38 to 128mg/L, all samples exceeded the maximum limits of 10 mg/L for Class C and 15 mg/L for Class D. All samples also exceeded the total coliform threshold value of 5000 MPN/100ml for Class C and D by a very wide margin. Samples analyzed have concentrations of 16,000,000 MPN/100mL. The DO concentration in all sites is at critical level, falling below the minimum 3 mg/L required for Class D. The low DO levels indicate that the esteros have lost their capacity for aerobic decomposition. This would explain the foul odor of waters. The high Phosphorous and Nitrogen levels also indicate high nutrient load, indicating that the esteros exhibit eutrophic condition.

Ocular inspection of the esteros would correlate the above findings. The esteros are filled with garbage, have highly turbid and almost blackish water, and stinky smell. Apparently, the esteros’ main function has been reduced to being waste receptacles. Informal settlers and encroachments are evident in the banks of all the esteros.

A.K.1 - 1

A.K.1.2 SEDIMENT QUALITY

To aid in the analysis, the results was compared DAO 92-29 (October 2004) or the IRR of RA 6969 (Toxic, Hazardous Waste) whether it meet the requirements for the TCLP extract standards prior to the disposal sludge, soil and sediments.

Assessment of the quality of the sediment becomes necessary in view of the proposed dredging activity. This may be used as guide for deciding on the manner by which the dredged materials will be temporarily stored, transported and finally disposed of.

Table A.K.1.1 below summarizes the comparison of the results of sediment analysis and DAO 92-29.

Table A.K.1.2 Results of Sediment Analysis Procedural Manual Title III Site Sample Number DAO 92-29 Parameter Unit (October 2004) Classification of 1 2 3 4 5 Hazardous Waste Temperature oC ------Arsenic 0.0263 <0.00010.0648 0.0268 0.0928 > 5.0 mg/L Barium mg/L 1.610 0.619 0.703 2.100 1.590 > 100 mg/L Cadmium mg/L 0.0608 0.0491 0.0334 0.0403 0.0422 > 5.0 mg/L Chromium mg/L 0.0432 0.0724 0.0085 0.0127 0.0192 > 5.0 mg/L Lead mg/L 0.2582 0.1487 0.2700 0.3087 0.4107 > 5.0 mg/L Total Mercury mg/L <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 > 1.0 mg/L Selenium mg/L <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 > 1.0 mg/L Copper mg/L <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0022 <0.0001 -- Nickel mg/L 1.887 0.3488 0.3893 1.598 0.4294 -- Tin mg/L <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 -- Zinc mg/L 7.62 5.80 9.13 36.93 16.60 -- Fluoride mg/L 0.4 0.3 0.40 nd nd -- Cyanide mg/L nd nd 0.025 0.029 0.0030 -- Chromium mg/L 0.0319 0.0151 0.0291 0.0375 0.0207 -- Hexavalent Formaldehyde µ/g 4.75 <1.0 1.0 7.51 1.18 -- Organophosphate mg/L nd nd nd nd nd -- Alkyl Mercury mg/L nd nd nd nd nd -- Hydrogen Sulfide mg/L Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive -- Ignition Loss % 9.83 5.44 13.12 14.07 8.86 -- Note: nd – Not Detected ppm – parts per million µ/g – mhos per grams Sampling Sites: 1 – Estero de Maypajo 4 - Estero de Tripa Gallina (near Puyat Ave & Marconi St.) 2 – Estero de San Miguel 5 - Estero de Tripa Gallina (near Gen. J. Lacuña St.) 3 – Estero de Paco

Disposal issues are the primary consideration in determining the types and amount of hazardous substance contents of the bottom sediments. Thus, DAO 92-29 (October 2004) was used as reference.

The concentrations of all hazardous substances are within the standards of DAO 92-29. It would be noted that the samples tested positive for Hydrogen Sulfide, a toxic compound characterized by its rotten egg odor, which probably also contribute to the stinky smell of the esteros.

A.K.1 - 2

A.K.1.3 CONCLUSION

The water quality test results indicate that organic matters pollute the esteros, with BOD5 levels falling within the range of untreated domestic wastewater. Organic contamination is evident from the high levels of coliform organisms, high BOD5, low Dissolved Oxygen concentrations, high COD, and high nutrient loadings. Most conventional pollutants exceeded the prescribed limits for all classes of water, showing that the esteros are in very poor and unhealthful condition and no longer support most of the beneficial uses described in DAO 34 which are contact recreation, agriculture and the like.

The condition of the water bodies can be generalized as unsafe. It is highly inadvisable for any person to be in direct contact with the waters as these contain microorganisms. This condition poses high risk of water-borne diseases. Overflow of water from these creeks during flooding events therefore also poses health hazards.

All the sediment sampling results indicates that all heavy metals, which were mentioned on the above Table A.K.1.2, are within the standards of DAO 92-29. This indicates that the bottom sediment when disposed of either through landfill or through an appropriate disposal method at sea do not pose hazards of ground water contamination due to possible leaching of the hazardous substances. However, monitoring or additional analyses of the sediment quality, especially those from Tripa de Gallina and Estero de Maypajo may be necessary to confirm the results of the above analysis and decide on appropriate measures to take in future before project implementation.

A.K.1 - 3

ANNEX K.2

RESULTS OF WATER POLLUTION SOURCES SURVEY

DURING IEE

ANNEX-K.2 RESULTS OF WATER POLLUTION SOURCES SURVEY

A.K.2.1 WATER POLLUTION SOURCES

Pollution of the esteros/creeks and rivers in the core area could be attributed to a great extent to unabated disposal of many types of wastes directly into these water bodies and partly to pollution loads from surface runoff. Pollution sources include the settlements and establishments along the periphery of esteros/creeks, factories or commercial establishments that dispose their wastewater into the drainage channels and esteros, and surface runoff that carries with it silt and debris.

The periphery of esteros and creeks are blighted areas occupied by informal settlements. In many cases even the water channels are occupied by informal settlements. Where informal settlements abound, the esteros/ creeks are filled with garbage. Likewise, the channels double as septic tanks of informal settlements. Pollution caused by garbage and sewage accounts for the high BOD while pollution caused by chemical discharges account for the high COD values. Both pollutants use up oxygen for decomposition and may have greatly accounted for the depletion of dissolved oxygen.

In the study area, over 2000 structures have already been identified as occupying the water channels, and probably more are located within the prescribed 3-meter easement, which are now mostly occupied. The people occupying these areas are the most probable sources of the garbage in channels, although some of the garbage could have been carried by floodwaters.

As part of the study, attempt was also made to identify factories or commercial establishments along the esteros as they are also suspected sources of pollution, despite the existence of DENR regulatory and monitoring mechanisms. Table A.K.2.1 lists of possible wastewater pollution parameters for selected types of industries.

The list of commercial establishments/manufacturing industries located along or near the esteros can be found in Table A.K.2.2 to Table A.K.2.6. The locations of these establishments are as indicated in the maps in Figure A.K.2.1 to Figure A.K.2.5.

A.K.2 - 1 Table A.K.2.1 Possible Wastewater Pollution Parameters for Selected Types of Industries Possible Wastewater Pollution Type of Industry Parameters 1 Beverage Industry BOD5, pH, Suspended Solids, Settleable Solids, Total Diss. Solids, Oil and Grease, Color, Total Coliform, Toxic Materials, Temperature, Turbidity, Foam 2 Cement, Concrete, Lime and pH, Suspended Solids, Dissolved Solids, Gypsum Temperature 3 Dairy Product Processing BOD5, COD, pH, TOC, Suspended Solids, Chloride, Nitrate, Phosporus, Color, Toxic materials, Temperature, Turbidity 4 Ferroalloy Manufacturing Suspended solids, hexavalent chromium, oil and grease, phenols, phosphates 5 Fertilizer Industry (Nitrogen) Chloride, Chromium, Dissolved Solids, Nitrate, Suspended Solids 6 Phosphate Fertilizer Industry pH, Total Suspended Solids, total solids, chlorides, sulfates, COD, temperature 7 Inorganic Chemicals, Alkalies BOD5, COD, TOD, pH, Total Suspended and Chlorine Industry Solids, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Chromium, Iron, Arsenic, Mercury, Lead, Fluoride, Cyanide, Chlorides, Sulfates, Silicates, Phosphorus, Temperature, Phenols, Chlor. Benezoids & polynuclear aromatics 8 Leather Tanning and Finishing BOD5, COD, Total Suspended Solids, Industry pH, Color, Total Coliforms 9 Livestock Industry BOD5, COD, Total Suspended Solids, pH, color, total coliforms 10 Meat, fish and fruit canning BOD5, COD, TOC, Suspended Solids, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Phosphorus, Color, Fecal Coliform, Temperature 11 Meat Products Industry BOD5, COD, Suspended Solids, Settleable Solids, Oil and Grease, Total Coliform, Toxic Materials 12 Gasoline/Petroleum Dealers Oil and Grease, BOD5, COD, alkalinity, mineral acid, volatile organic compounds, alkaline wastewater 13 Pharmaceutical Industry COD, BOD5, TSS, Cyanide, Ammonia, Volatile Organic Compounds 14 Distillery BOD5, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB), TSS, COD, TSS, formaldehyde, Calcium, Magnesium, Alkalinity, Source: Standard Handbook of Environmental Engineering by Robert A. Corbitt and other various sources (internet, lecture notes, workshop handouts, etc.)

A.K.2 - 2 Table A.K.2.2 Commercial Establishments/Industries that Possibly Contribute to Water Pollution of Creeks/Esteros in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila Makati Area

Type of Suspended Settleable Oil & Dissolved Hexavalent Total Total Toxic Mineral Volatile Organic Alkaline Polychlorinated Formalde- No. Establishments Address Type of Establishments River / Estero BOD pH Temp. COD Phenols Phosphate Chloride Chromium Nitrate TSS Sulfates Color Alkalinity Cyanide Ammonia Ca Mg Industry 5 Solids Solids Grease Solids Chromium Solids Coliform Materials Acid Compounds Wastewater Biphenyls (PCB) hyde

154 Valero St.,, Salcedo Hotels, motels and other 1 Antel Platinum Tower O Narra Creek ------Village lodging places, n.e.c.

Manufacture of plastic products 2 Armel Plastics Co., Inc. 2154 Pasong Tamo St.,, --- Tripa de allina ------not elsewhere classified Manufacture of chemical Ashford Laboratories 2284 Pasong Tamo Ext., Maricaban 3 products not elsewhere ------(Phils.), Inc. Dasmariñas Creek classified Manufacture of Wood and Berenger Topacio Furniture 4 2214 Pasong Tamo St.,, Wood Products, Including --- Narra Creek ------Co. Furniture and Fixtures

5 BG Petron Service Station Sen. G. Puyat Ave., Gasoline stations l Narra Creek ------Bristol - Myers Squibb 2303 Chino Roces Ave., Maricaban 6 Food manufacturing, n.e.c. c ------(Phils.) Inc. Dasmariñas Creek 2309 Pasong Tamo Ext., Manufacture of drugs Maricaban 7 Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc. m ------Dasmariñas medicines Creek Burlington Industries Phils., 7375 Bakawan St.,, San 8 Other Manufacturing Industries --- Narra Creek ------Inc. Antonio 2259 Pasong Tamo St.,, 9 CF International Mfg. Inc. Other Manufacturing Industries --- Tripa de Gallina ------Magallanes City Garden Hotel (Durban Hotels, motels and other 10 Makati Ave., Bel-Air O Narra Creek ------Apt.) lodging places

Manufacture of soap and Colgate-Palmolive Phils., 1049 J. P. Rizal St.,, cleaning preparations, 11 ------Inc. Guadalupe Nuevo perfumes, cosmetics and other toilet preparations

Commonwealth Foods, Inc. 12 Yakal St.,, San Antonio Food manufacturing Industry --- Narra Creek ------(Coffee Division) Electrical appliances and 13 Data General Phils. Inc. 2289 Pasong Tamo Ext., --- Narra Creek ------supplies Electrical appliances and 14 Decision System Corp. 5580 South Superhighway, --- Tripa de Gallina ------supplies Electrical appliances and 15 Deltram Automation Co. South Superhighway, --- Tripa de Gallina ------supplies Manufacture of Wood and 16 Duru Export Corp. Yakal St.,, Wood Products, Including --- Narra Creek ------Furniture and Fixtures Manufacture of paints, 17 32. Dutch Boy Philippines 2248 Pasong Tamo St.,, g Narra Creek ------varnishes and lacquers 7485 Bagtikan St.,, San Manufacture of jewelry and 18 33. ECM Technology Inc. --- Narra Creek ------Antonio related articles 38. Evergreen Industries 19 Pasong Tamo St.,, Other Manufacturing Industries --- Narra Creek ------Inc.

20 40. Foodline Inc. 2326 Pasong Tamo Ext., Food manufacturing Industry --- Narra Creek ------

Legaspi Village.,, San Hotels, motels and other 21 41. Frabella I Condominium O Narra Creek ------Lorenzo lodging places 7530 Santillan St.,, Pio Del 22 44. Gazelle Garments Corp. Manufacture of textiles --- Trpa de Gallina ------Pilar Manufacture of chemical 45. Glaxo Welcome Phils., 23 2266 Pasong Tamo Ext., products not elsewhere g Narra Creek ------Inc. classified 24 Golay Buchel Phils. Inc. 2294 Pasong Tamo Ext., Other Manufacturing Industries --- Narra Creek ------Gold-Ribbon Garments Bakawan St.,, San 25 Not Confirmed --- Narra Creek ------Mfg. Antonio Griffith Laboratories Phils. 2723 Pasong Tamo Ext., Manufacture of other chemical 26 --- Narra Creek ------Inc. San Antonio products 27 Hotel Tradewinds Manila South Superhighway, Restaurants And Hotels O Tripa de Gallina ------Integrated Circuits Phils. Electrical appliances and 28 954 South Superhighway, --- Tripa de Gallina ------Inc. supplies South Superhighway, 29 Intel Philippines Mfg. Inc. Not Confirmed --- Tripa de Gallina ------Bangkal

Manufacture Of Fabricated Intel Phils. Manufacturing, 1321 Apolinario St.,, 30 Metal Products, Machinery And d Tripa de Gallina ------Inc. Bangkal Equipment

Inter-Continental Hotel 31 1 Ayala Ave.,, Urdaneta Hotels and motels O Narra Creek ------Manila 2306 Pasong Tamo Ext., 32 International Distillers Inc. Beverage manufacturing n Narra Creek ------Dasmariñas

Manufacture of electrical 33 Ionics Circuits Inc. 2296 Pasong Tamo Ext., industrial machinery and d Narra Creek ------apparatus

J. M. Macalinao Motor 34 9780 Kamagong St.,, Transportation Services O ------Works

cor. Reposo St. J. P. Rizal Restaurants, cafes and other 35 Jollibee Reposo O ------St.,, Poblacion eating and drinking places

Manufacture of Wood and 36 Just Furniture Malugay St.,, San Antonio Wood Products, Including --- Narra Creek ------Furniture and Fixtures

Laundries, laundry services, 37 Kalinisan Steam Laundry 2129 Pasong Tamo Ext., --- Narra Creek ------and cleaning and dyeing plants

Manufacture of chemical Keller Ricket & Coleman, Pasong Tamo Ext., 38 products not elsewhere g Narra Creek ------Inc. Dasmariñas classified Letting and operating real Le Triomphe Luxury H. V. De la Costa, Sr. St.,, 39 estate, residential and non- --- Narra Creek ------Residency Bel-Air residential 2264 Pasong Tamo St.,, Manufacture of wearing 40 Levi Strauss (Phils.), Inc. --- Narra Creek ------Bangkal apparel, except footwear, n.e.c.

Manufacture Of Fabricated 41 Magallanes Wire Corp. 55 Gil Puyat St.,, Metal Products, Machinery And d Narra Creek ------Equipment

2 Amorsolo St., Legaspi Medical, Dental, Other Health 42 Makati Medical Center X Narra Creek ------Village,, And Veterinary Services 43 Makati Ayala Ave., San Lorenzo Hotels and motels O ------Makati Shangri-La Manila 44 Ayala Ave.,, Urdaneta Hotels and motels O Narra Creek ------Hotel Hotels, motels and other 45 Mandarin Oriental Hotel Inc. Makati Ave., Urdaneta O Narra Creek ------lodging places Manila Mandarin Oriental 46 Makati Ave., Restaurants And Hotels O Narra Creek ------Hotel

A.K.2 - 3 Table A.K.2.2 Commercial Establishments/Industries that Possibly Contribute to Water Pollution of Creeks/Esteros in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila Makati Area

Type of Suspended Settleable Oil & Dissolved Hexavalent Total Total Toxic Mineral Volatile Organic Alkaline Polychlorinated Formalde- No. Establishments Address Type of Establishments River / Estero BOD pH Temp. COD Phenols Phosphate Chloride Chromium Nitrate TSS Sulfates Color Alkalinity Cyanide Ammonia Ca Mg Industry 5 Solids Solids Grease Solids Chromium Solids Coliform Materials Acid Compounds Wastewater Biphenyls (PCB) hyde

47 Manila Peninsula Hotel Ayala Ave.,, Urdaneta Restaurants And Hotels O Narra Creek ------

Maricaban 48 Manila Water Company Victoria St.,, Magallanes Sanitary And Similar Services ------Creek Markes Agro-Chemical Manufacture of other chemical 49 South Superhighway, --- Tripa de Gallina ------Enterprise Inc. products 50 Marsman & Co., Inc. 2246 Pasong Tamo St.,, Business Services --- Narra Creek ------

2309 Pasong Tamo Ext., Manufacture of drugs Maricaban 51 Mead Johnson Phils., Inc. m ------Dasmariñas medicines Creek Meat Processing & Deli 7454 Yakal St.,, San 52 Not Confirmed --- Narra Creek ------Products Mfg. Plant Antonio Medical Plaza Makati Amorsolo St., Legaspi 53 Other business services, n.e.c. --- Narra Creek ------Condominium Corp. Village,, San Lorenzo Electrical appliances and 54 Microwave Systrem Inc. Pasong Tamo St.,, --- Narra Creek ------supplies

Art goods, marble products, Mouawad Manila Lapidary , 7481 Bagtikan St.,, San 55 painting and artist' supplies, --- Narra Creek ------Inc. Antonio retailing

National Lead Co. Phils. 56 2848 Pasong Tamo Ext., Other Manufacturing Industries --- Narra Creek ------Inc. New World Renaissance 57 Makati Ave., San Lorenzo Restaurants And Hotels O Narra Creek ------Hotel New Zealand Creamery, Camia St.,, Guadalupe 58 Food manufacturing Industry c ------Inc. Viejo 2442 Arsonvel St.,, San 59 Newborn Food Product, Inc. Food manufacturing Industry c Tripa de Gallina ------Isidro Manufacture of other chemical 60 Oceanic Pharmacal Inc. Pasong Tamo St.,, --- Narra Creek ------products Pasong Tamo Carport 61 2130 Pasong Tamo St.,, Transportation Services O Narra Creek ------Center Petron Mega Plaza Hotels, motels and other 62 (Megaworld Props. & Gil Puyat St.,, Bel-Air O Narra Creek ------lodging places Holdings)

63 Petron Motorists Holiday Makati Ave., Bel-Air Gasoline stations l Narra Creek ------

One Lafayette Square Hotels, motels and other 64 Sedeno St., Bel-Air O Narra Creek ------(Megaworld Props.) lodging places, n.e.c.

Ponte Salcedo Hotels, motels and other 65 Valero St.,, Bel-Air O Narra Creek ------Condominium lodging places Primetown Property Group, Hotels, motels and other 66 St. Paul, San Antonio O Narra Creek ------Inc. lodging places

Pryce Center Condominium Hotels, motels and other 67 Bagtikan St.,, San Antonio O Narra Creek ------Corporation lodging places, n.e.c.

68 Raytheon Phils., Inc. 2100 Pasong Tamo St.,, Not Confirmed --- Tripa de Gallina ------

Manufacture of electrical 69 Redox Technology Inc. Pasong Tamo Ext., apparatus and supplies not --- Narra Creek ------elsewhere classified

Manufacture of chemical 70 Sara Lee (Phils.) Inc. 2287 Pasong Tamo Ext., products not elsewhere --- Narra Creek ------classified Bakawan St.,, San 71 Scentral Laboratories, Inc. Not Confirmed --- Narra Creek ------Antonio Manufacture of chemical 7433 Yakal St.,, San 72 Sinclair Philippines Inc. products not elsewhere --- Narra Creek ------Antonio classified 73 The Peninsula Manila Hotel Ayala Ave.,, Urdaneta Restaurants And Hotels O Narra Creek ------The Salcedo Park Hotels, motels and other 74 (Megaworld Props. & Sen. G. Puyat Ave., O Narra Creek ------lodging places, n.e.c. Holdings 7248 Malugay St.,, San Hotels, motels and other 75 Tiara Oriental Hotel O Narra Creek ------Antonio lodging places Total Petroleum Phis., Kamagong St.,, San 76 Not Confirmed O Narra Creek ------Corp. Service Station Antonio

Hotels, motels and other 77 Travellers Inn 7880 Makati Ave., O Narra Creek ------lodging places, n.e.c.

Two Lafayette Square 105 Tordesillas St.,, Hotels, motels and other 78 O Narra Creek ------(Megaworld Props. & Salcedo Village lodging places

UCPB Properties, Inc. (The Real estate development 79 Valero St.,, Bel-Air --- Narra Creek ------Forbes Tower) companies

80 Uniwear Garments Mfg. Inc. Yakal St.,, Manufacture of textiles --- Narra Creek ------

Vassar Industries 7272 Malugay St.,, San Manufacture of plastic products 81 --- Narra Creek ------Incorporated Antonio not elsewhere classified

Vernida Realty Dev't. Corp. Hotels, motels and other 82 L1B4 Valero St.,, Bel-Air O Narra Creek ------(Easton Place) lodging places, n.e.c. Winkey Garments 83 7452 Yakal St.,, Manufacture of textiles --- Narra Creek ------Industries Inc. Worldwide Garments 84 Yakal St.,, Manufacture of textiles --- Narra Creek ------Industries Inc.

Note:

a - Beverage Industry h - Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry O - Domestic Waste Cement, Concrete, Lime b - i - Livestock Industry X - Infectious/Toxic Waste and Gypsum c - Dairy Product Processing j - Meat, Fish and Fruit canning Y - Domestic & Toxic Waste d - Ferroalloy Manufacturing k - Meat Products Industry e - Fertilizer industry (Nitrogen) l - Gasoline/Petroleum Dealers f - Phosphate Fertilizer Industry m - Pharmaceutical Industry Inorganic Chemicals, g - Alkalies and Chlorine n - Distellery Industry

A.K.2 - 4

O IT N E . B P A A S I A L G

A M

G A A B U E R J I A I R L O A ANA A NT SA R I V

A N E U C T O R S R L TO M AN O E S E F N H C A RIST V OB A AL S

E

Y E IPPODROME R H

P B ATU TE A S O S M E Ñ A

SO D L . GO IT MEZ O F. A J NA A ZA B RIO A M A R O A D T I S D A . S R O OL A N G C A G R H N K O U Z A AG O A M A A R Y A E I N A Z C V N A T S N O C I O AL S M C M S I A A E Z H E L D A IPO D M D N R D A A A RO A A S MO R K T V N N I E O I L . S H N E S O O J V A I .P A O . I X R EV A H R I AN O M Z GE M O R A LIST S R R L A E M A O B A I B Y N J S G E G A O O A R R C E A E P E W T T T A I I R O A A A H N P U P D L G G A O A Z A N P K Y G O P O I N U A T S M R U E W A A A G M Y O A O M S K B N A R T Y TO A A E A J K W B R A G O I I O I L U D L L I E A A B IL R A T I R P T A S Y G O MA S A LO A . N LOS O IN N S O A M S E T Ñ A J P A P RIZ A AL S E M R M AS E O C T R AR NOV G O O D AL N N O ICH L G D ES O O P O R I K A T A K N A N A I B K BAR B ASOA A U D IN N E A N VI O C LA D A R M P A IN ON C O TE Z O N O N M A T O A S N G R B L I IAK A E N A NA OL E A BAT L IM A O M PI J. B UR A A P. O A RI O C ZA Z R MAKATI MANDALUYONG R L A Y F A AG C BOUNDARY BR R UE A E S V I R

E O D M

A A O T R M E E I G I U R N T R M R P A O E S E C S P K AR A A D P C O ON D M CE OLI D A G P M C U CI AN U N O A G N J.P M I T . RI T M L ZA O O I B A L A L AN I N S A K A M H P A A S A W A A G I E S O A I M C T G R D M A O I N V I E AS B I P A U L X L N A A A C R I L A ON O Z F T S A M A N A N A X G A . Y I O G N N E B T X X Z L O N A E S A I E N O S P U S O L O I R Q F R I . A F . G P L C A J . A L R I K L M . O E M U M I A K E U I D A IL B A ABCD S L A B E K A G D R A A Y R B E A O O Q P M R A S U I I W N IN N H D I A Z T J. C V O P. I R A E . S R A E T I ZA H T E L G L E ZA I N M Z D O O IN A RA O S F A T G A NT A E P B AL R ER O A A R S M M N

C A I E A I S R L B L T V E E E A I A O V D N F R O R R M A S IN G

E B U GI A Q G N A C A O L I I

S O U 35

C C L E T S I L

O A SA N N N M N A D D A B A

I E A G L R T U P

L

A S S A T T Z R O I I N I A N

A E P

E . S U S I C B S N M A V S O S X A 34 E Z B O N E V O A C N G I ZU F A G A R I U L N D . T E P A Y Z P IF VITO CRUZ EXT R A P A L E A M G M N N O P A A. I S D BONIFAC AN G IO S R B MA A UA TEO N Y ILEG KAM P U O A M AGONG S IL R

G IO O N P AN ANTO S S R S O IA O JASMIN G C R R E M PAN ED E N A AM P S 67 E N A N O V C O HA E D S U E N L E K SN. JU A V AN A A L L A I B S E RO T R A T K 43 G S IN 18 UE A B Z U M G S E U N. LU N K G E E CAS A L A R N V R I M ER O NG O A LA U A IM O A S G-I G R I ) H E N A AN IN G O L IL A D E S L N O T A N A L U G K U V C A M E L I A . I T T A A O NE S P V A K T K TU B N D M E E 58 G S N N. M J A T 76 ARC N OS C A Y G Y A O GE T A A A S N. B LU T A M P S W A NA A L A D I I 55 S A P S T A ( O A MPACA N N . N CHA A T L L O E C A L A C V CO Y A NS O C M S TE N O A E L N LA A A C A TIO I G N R O L N O Z A O A A D C G R L N M A O O P C D E N R I T ST R E RE H EA L H M C O L C ED A A A A CR L R V A M D D E. S E T E D O TR E R E A J O O P N P L A I O M T L H E A I U IT A E N EL I A O R S M A D G N I C O A A C U E T F V L M E C N E D N U I S N R G L R R R M E I E A U Q L

O M U R G T R E L A R Z P A E R N S D A O A O T U

M I R C L T N B B A J A A A M

C A O R N N C

C O A A O

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L R A E Y I 63 C H E H C E I ARIES A D G N M E E A S L R G A C 62 A T E F H T A A R I A U L O T R I I S N U

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Figure A.K.2.1 Location Map of Establishments along or near Esteros within Makati Area

A.K.2 - 5 Table A.K.2.3 Commercial Establishments/Industries that Possibly Contribute to Water Pollution of Creeks/Esteros in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila Manila Area

Type of Suspended Settleable Oil & Dissolved Hexavalent Total Total Toxic Mineral Volatile Organic Alkaline Polychlorinated Formalde- No. Establishments Address Type of Establishments River / Estero BOD pH Temp. COD Phenols Phosphate Chloride Chromium Nitrate TSS Sulfates Color Alkalinity Cyanide Ammonia Ca Mg Industry 5 Solids Solids Grease Solids Chromium Solids Coliform Materials Acid Compounds Wastewater Biphenyls (PCB) hyde

1 Celestial Waive Building 950 A. Lacson St. Not Confirmed --- Estero de Aviles ------University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Medical Dental, 2 España X Estero de Aviles ------(UST) Services UST Research Complex 3 UST Compound, España Not Confirmed --- Estero de Aviles ------Bldg. Lacson Ave. cor Loyola St. 4 Wendy's Restaurant Restaurant O Estero de Aviles ------Sampaloc

5 University of the East (UE) C.M. Recto University / School Y Estero de Magdalena ------United Doctors Medical # 6 N. Ramirez St., Españ Hospital, Medical Dental, 6 X Estero de Maypajo ------Center a Services Times Plaza - RHL Prop. & 7 UN Avenue cor. Taft Ave. Department Store O Estero de Paco ------Devt. Corp.

Manufacture of soap and 8 Unilever Phil. Inc. - Manila # 1351 U.N. Ave cleaning preparations, --- Estero de Paco ------perfumes, cosmetics and other

# 2683 J. Luna St., 9 St. Joseph School University / School Y Estero de vitas ------Gagalangin Tondo 10 Southern Sawmill, Inc. # 1331Dagupan St. Not Confirmed --- Estero dela Reina ------W. Jherdebs Devt. Corp. - # 2651 T. Earnshaw St. 11 Cold Storage --- Estero sunog Apog ------Manila Gagalangin Tondo CM Recto Ave. Cor. Estero de 12 Cine Tandem - Manila Not Confirmed ------Severino St. Magdalena

13 Stanfood Corp. #2350 Gamban St., Balut Food manufacturing, n.e.c. c Estero de Vitas ------

Medical, Dental, Other Health 14 Tondo Medical Center Balut X Estero de Vitas ------And Veterinary Services

Note:

a - Beverage Industry h - Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry O - Domestic Waste Cement, Concrete, Lime b - i - Livestock Industry X - Infectious/Toxic Waste and Gypsum c - Dairy Product Processing j - Meat, Fish and Fruit canning Y - Domestic & Toxic Waste d - Ferroalloy Manufacturing k - Meat Products Industry e - Fertilizer industry (Nitrogen) l - Gasoline/Petroleum Dealers f - Phosphate Fertilizer Industry m - Pharmaceutical Industry Inorganic Chemicals, g - Alkalies and Chlorine n - Distellery Industry

A.K.2 - 6 P PAG Y A I -IBIG A C S L O K T A H N M A O W I O S A W R I H L U ERM N M OSA S R E I G I T D J R H P A E A D A H O S E T C K N O D RM S R O Z A O O L A S I A E F A U T G M I R D A M A I B S Y C A A S N T NO O . S OM I L A A P U S D R E O A Y A A C E L T N A L T S R N S A L A L A I A N A N A A B P R S A U D N A E M F . R N T B P T C C E . O A E I N J N R A E N D V A R F T DIWATA N E A I M P H O J SU N E A T D A A P IA A A P L A B G E L O W -AS N A U Y A B C R R A A P K L G A A L A A T A A H A M L S I N D M M A I P L P Y L P N I N U A A O A R PA H C C G-A B A SA E A O U N Y K V C T B U H O L A I ERM A L U U A L . N N O N N G C A P E M H E AG- Y V ASA I R G A N B A M R E I C O L Z L A A T E S BA D R N G A D AL H A A L N O N M B G O A O N BEN RO N IT N O U A NG G T R R I S D A EZ E I O U O F IG R . T D L O E R BEN O R ITA RO P AD 3 E Z ABAD SANTOS STA A B . M A L A L O O M A U R BE B L OAD NIT I E 2 A N O 4.27m V CL = I C R A S O R I A D C D G

N A RO O I A A D 1 P ND T R E A A U B F M G

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U M M . S ANOTO K C A G N VERT A C L C Z OR A E Y R B H U E U CL = 1.66m IG O GI DR DO N O U R R N O C N 9 R H G A I I O A N K L V E IO Y L N R U H I Vitas Br 2 A A R M IA B A R C D M O O Y N E R A R U E W A S O U L A S B A D N T L L I B S G R W I L A A A P V A R L H D VERT R N S I O G O N L N A H N R P U A AMP A D A A O G E NGA R CL = 2.96m I N D A S N O A E O O V O M V I I R T C O 53 T A E T D I E L O A I N O N N L C T Z A O M . A E E E Y C L P E L D D N A U C V D E B I Vitas Br 1 L E N A U M P A Z P A E L I C C L L A I V C J P S H B A L A L I E A N A O N L A C O A B E L 1 G D N R O V M L A I 9 T N A J F A N E D U D G L O Z L H N I B C Q E E F E U N P A J R J P U N U S O K O R L E N N O C D A IO

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T A L S I C E Y C E E O R A N N N P . L A V IR L O D I I RA

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D O M N L M R S A O T T I S I I T D L T T

U A M E

N G N A L I N R

A R I

R U C A K I A A O E U A M D R

O S

P R A S R C F

R P B L O E A A U EC R K O CH N I C

A A G P A L Z Y A LO L L I S E F O CO A M A

PACHE M AN N

M R .

SAN L . AZARO GI

G A

A . T T

T E S P

S IT K O J V NG MER U G C A AT ADO N A D N L G I

L A M CORA E Z . A I GE Q N

P G R N U AC INT D I HE J ONG . N CO OSE PA A C T BA G-AS ONC O SA A D Q I S S SA A S N V U N E R A I I N 10 C A I O P E L M Q A T CIO D U S R R IR Z I I E C A E T G A R A A D O A A G R RD N N N O P EN A I ND N O I TO A A T M C R C N . I H AL V I

. CO EC MA P A E D O R E IO E O

A M F O

S U I

L

T . QUIR ICADA O N P S QUIRICA G

A M IL DA S AP . A IL T L

T L C F P A A JA G R S A RD P . O E E P L U U PI C . A C L C I

R OR IN M. N

G A R D

C A M L N PA A C

E IC S

M A O A A DE DELA P S I

L M C R O O R P OS EDIN A U N C

R A D T

I P I

0 S ER AS ALFR FU E A L

A OS N M 1 GOV. FO

A - PERLA T MA C E C Y

T U I R N O O C M RIAS EDO A O AL E RIA CRISTINA T N RA ON I E L G QU S S S IRICA T U DA

S . R A

A R S Q G BE S N E T T C B E N EN. CO

O V O S

R D I R L P Y DON A A

I R J U E A A M L F E J M N

O

N U I L N O I L R C G E A C OD N QUI U C A C N E H U N M A A

P I B C

L O . A S R T A L E N N S K EPCIO E P I . V L A R U L CO F TONI JO A RAL I A A O N I I I ES X AL CH R T B VARE C N G T D L Z R A C TE T A Y R E T U M E F A B AR N U O . T A G N M T L J N E A O A G A O I LA C L

N I R R N C PE COR D U G A A R A L LA M OS Z P A H A D V

IA M R C I A . R T RO ASTIL E A C A N A Q T ME SA J N U S O RA AL R I DA P ARA VAREZ ITO LAS N IL S NE APIL TA NA T O S O S V A S I T OC S AL N MP S ARR SA N N D R A A I A A IT E P S G A AV P CONCH IA A O O D J D A

C A 3 U N A CL = 4.27m

S B AN T A R I

A A P

T C E I L Z O RU O A C NG N ST C I HA E B L

S O D S O A O ID

N C IN O

N R T

. AG . T U A J U S I J LA PAVIA R BAM E BANG STA. V I C R N A SANTA A IC ALL L LIC-B O BA G CON I A CH E B A N P C NDER R E A BAL O I IR O RIST O Q S C T I D A U H N E S I V N A R A S N T M I C S O D A

R I S . M A O A R S A A S I R C CAF A R I O L M R E T

. N

F .

I G

O . N OV. K A

G

P A U T N A M N S 2 F N R D ORBE R IG Y IM C R A U ICAF MAY m E A I ORT HALIGU K 7 L A E S .2 N G T S 4 IN N = P A E S L P C I A N S I M A O 2 ES RION N MO B O M T S T D A K M . M CA . E LIMBAS . A N A I D R A S A C Y . REMI E T N T GI L E E O A S R W L E X . L L A R T L A Z R A R OLA E L U C E Y A A C F I A T T A U R A . Z O O U M N N Z I E U E M I N N D G M E R P I S A L O T

B A H E R A A R A A T A A B R A O M C S E D I OR E S B IO M A A N G I T A E A N O S V L E R B S E C A C R V A P V V E I C D R A V R A A . NO C D S L K I S I A C A A D T L A A E A M E I E E N D S G E N M L N VA N S L I D O I L M A A T A O O A F O V L T U E GA T L OR C. M I Z N D N N N C . L I C A A Q A TO R E R RRE T C T C A A R D O C H L O E O A U E O . Z I A L K L R U R Z N R S H U O A U B A . E H O N Z S O . D R C D M S

M F N I R A M A MA E E YHALIGUE O A B N U M S C L D

U A R O G I H O JA N S C F S A N A A E F T N N A Y M L

B E O N A O m I 7 N B N F C O F .2 L A O S 4 I O L A C A O = A Z A V S L J M N A I L A E L C I N G U G R U D T N D A E I B E A A L J G G S 4 I N A N L O A O L U ZON A R P TUA T S EO O K R E C

O R R A R A R E

N E .

E V O Q A

E C L U C A I

T U N N . K M T

S G E

M O M

E. F . A UG L A M C OSO O S

S P I F S W A E I S T I I S J R

P N M A H H A . N C A O ( B O G E P I B A C E O X . G T P A A I T S T L I A A O R E N S C A L N O A N R E N E C U C M N R N N C U ER A E A I S A N D O H D A E S T U ) A L E R G Z L O R E A L O A O A C T M IN V R V A N N . I L A A M F F I G T D A P O C I N . O E E P TA S R O A Z C R B N C M A G T I L D E E ES R O M T E E D A A P 1 I C N C S B A N A V G P TIG V . R OR A E P A U A P A L E G P Z E N E I N A Q S E N S E R E N . R A U G Y O E I Y C O B m E A J D T E I L N E O 7 A N M R Y PE DE VEG E A R G V A 2 R CO A . S S A I . A DI M D AN 4 O O S A L K L I E N = N O L G E C O I A D C I Z A N L A . M F U L A T C U L B S P O U . NOVA A E O A L N

W N M T C R M O V L E

A A Q Y A O A Z

R O E E H U G N M L L R D U

M C O M S T E U A LA O A E D E Z O R

Q R I N S L N N O L R L A N

U M N G R U F A P A . U R E I D O

E R Z . A O D S L E O E T A C H R B RA C N S O A T L E O E E A I S N . Y L R A A A A D CATA LU R B A . C R

R M S A S P D A A R O IT B L T I T S U O O A O ND A N A . L K C I C A R O N H L U R P L I N A O R S G . U T A R S SO A P U A O L . E M A R M C D L N E F E O A Z R H DO J R R A N R OT H I K E O T A A S JOS P O C E . L T A T C C C I A CL = 4.27m S . O I ER S O G AMP T R A O ER T IO B I H N A E S N A T O G A I T L

N O U N M D. T S G JOSE STA. A C M G R N E I A G A F A . P YS S R N L N A U A A P E O I RI P I C E Y A M M N C I L A P A O RMA S E R I G. LE NC E N . P O T E . PA REDES C E M V X A S . A A T T R Z D LAG O J . A E A U A E B T ERM PAZ T D C A . L LA N A L Y G A R E L N A R A C N L . Y L O F U FEL A H M A IPE I U N I E M O A R 22 LIX N S A A O E A D T L LER ERO B C EST C. TORTUOSA E U S A H A A GT T A S A L BA E N U I ZO Y T N U A A U C T Q N N B A G LA IMA I O O O S R BA IMT O ZA AT R . C R R M N A D O A P O H V A V J L . R E T CLARO L F U O A M. R SS A G N ECT B M K E O U . L M T P E N LL . E A UU R T O . S R C I O D ANGA C M R L Z AR A B A O V E E N . M E O N R M L A A U R D A O R Q . A ) P E H S

A N R A N M P C P S E T A A S A O U A OL T A RI A E Y S V A R N

R E ISIN N S I L O L A A A E T S T Z R

A R M L E A R R Z V O A A VERT\CL = 4.27m O S A O A S L N I E S H Y A N T C M N L M ( O TON O N S . A R I O L SAN A S O M T R G S E O E E H E A T I P A A Y S O G . T GO R . R S A . S E L O N R C R O A ZA Y E A D

O R S S R E N E T V I . T C A S S R S T T O A N J A S

E E O T ON O O E N Z

N C Q A

L L L U L G. T T N S

SA E A A L

A E E R U R O E G S A (

R

I G C M D O Z E I

. L . D E R C O E M R E M O R R

. C O E S C NT TO V

A I T I A C A . I . Z D T SE A N D B F

C E O N A J D AR M A O N I I E O E SA TO C N E S R L E I R B O G IN E EL A S S M C D A ) R L O OS A M TAÑ O R S N CA . . M SN IO J A I E A F U ) R U M N J C A M A E H R I . G R E N R V V I . D I O F F E . Q M L R . JOSE S D C R AN O U E J U S O E S A C N A E C O A Y N L N RIEL E SAN GAB I O N C O R Z M S I N E O S S ISIO N S O N C SAN DION I I A A O R O G M KA O R N L ( TU B E A T E A US C LAR AN O DIZA . . O S V S BAL L M T T Z E E S O K C S S N A T R . E A A

F A C M N O R S N R G U L O 5 O

L L A L O N A O E B A L I D A R I O C N E Z T R G T IA E SAN DAM I N 0 . X D I V A A C D I ON T P N I GP T . E R N A O R P IN T

A D E HIMIK L R G A U A TA B S L G N L R A C A I A A N VA D R C A N I S m A S A O D 27 I O D . L L S C ER P I I 4 O L N I Y L T O A K = N T E O E G A S L R A C E N A N R R O N A A O R E I G N A A M K L S O V L . Z T Z R A A R N R E E A D S N P U S A C T O D E A I T LE VD. . U O G L N L E . B V D P A A

N UYA V R . M S G M T D E A R L A A . T C N

E E L R S C I

A

P A U O E O O A ARIAN A N S D F. M G M S

. Q R

N E E A E S E T L G

V R P A N E

A E L L

G U L I A D O R A N D

R R T E O O O A C S C A EG E

R C L E

E V T I

CL = 4.27M I

M D

P . P R O Z . O V T D

G D

I I A . . S P A M A C U . N O O L Y A A A R T A O E P S G D I T S R I P B M S EL U PUYAT M N A T ET A P G. U E L A G O A A M I L S P C S DO N P BINON I C E I B N L A D L ICOLAS N A A NM O SAN S B B C C I O A A RO LI RD N O NQ BI E LL UIL D CU T UI LO V E ETU NQ IE R ANA O J N R . O AT D A DUH M C L V N E A L O V D B M TOS A SAN L R A V ABAD C I C N R D A B O A P Z L T ATER E CO L . P BUSTOS NO C DEL I U C NA E NP . R Q A IM . D O T 8 S S E T L C S E H A . T M D S 4 N A Z N PLAZA DEL CARMEN S E T U . U . O T Z P H C C L R C E E S . 3

L A S S R CL = 4.27M I D R V A A S M L T A O I E U D L A V . L 2 M O O P Z R N E C O G A I A A S IL I C R G E U N I D U G B N R I . 1 T A E A T N L U IO Z S S E R R N E P EPC A T T C R V A SA D E ON M ON S L C U A E T AC N L A S A S S E ZA P E O T P O L LA N L . R D B B P O . N A G C E A PO AL P N R D E O N R HI S B R R O . A FE AS EG R O J A I R J E N N c G A C I M LL S AR CA A A A RRIE R C SM DO S SO A A TA. PA L D DEL D E L SO . PA T P EL X L A D E E N H A R V IGA Z U I S LD EN A C O O EN I L T R M T . O BUENCAMINO E M AR A P R D N C C Y DO . O EL R A M E E O G D A U L B N D L E Z D S S A O A J D A E ID A A A O P B J H AS D J ON A P R A Z N A B A R A N B I U C URBIZT A N G R E R O E C V L O A N L A O D N N C D M L A A N C O E E D R A T N E E EN D A F C I R R E N VI O A A V A N CA.GM L M L I S N U. IALG C A L U SA AUILA L M S C A A A S A IÑ A M A A R O NZ

A M N A P IE M T B T C S M O A

A L O I M I D A M

O L L A A C A S A A E L N

N N G R L

I R E

B A

V E S

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U A U H E R LO A ARLE LINCAL BR T GU F T O L A U R S E D R I O B A A N T D

C U O N

P L A A Z I A

O R A N B M L B GUI Z ARLE

. E O I I C E L

N A A L

N A

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O E A NC ZAG CALL A A E A R D VER L AY GAR B N A L E S E U M D U A UE E G LLE DE L Q N LA I EL L PAX ND U R

USTRIA U A D O IAP A M QU G N LOBO D R F E ORO E A R CAS O TILLE T I E O JOS A L C X R

E X A F S D N A B LV R P R P B A A S ON F NAGTAHAN BR I EZ G JONES BR U R R Q I V B QUIAPO PUMPING STA E ON R Z B UE A

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N T IVE A R U E ES D D LAN L

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U S P M A R L O A D N R 2ND ST C G I A C G B B A B U O I S E N L R A Z I D R F O MURALLA C A A R A . I C RD IZ A I SA S S L BA N T R. IO E D D . L G R LA U IV M I E G E N

L A U N T C

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N CENTRAL TERMINAL STA I S J PADILLA M U A N

A D N E A L U E D T A A R MAN R O A AL A IG N GEN SOLANO O L T . C S A O O T P I L S R E E A G T D A A N S E A P B I T ERC A IAS

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M R L I S L O A O E A A O L I D N C A R R E S I E O T S O C X S N E B T O A T U A S R I F L D C N N C I A A R B S A IL D N O CONCEPCION

ACR N 0POLIS D T RIVE S O H G L

T E O 1 N E

1 C

V L A

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C I R I C D

Z V R R T O E A I S R B U I V

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T P A 2 O N S L 1 A T IA U YAL C O T. A N

N B E E T A D

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A E T Y

S S A R R ST A A N ZO P H T N O GUA T L T M 3 A IA P M 1 N A LV DR T L SY U A U A S C L S T I E D K A A AR S E P C N S U Z I DA T C S A S E M I I L D H E A L A T A U R R 4 N 1 R C O C I O C O A E G M ST. L I O UI R U A S O D A E N Z T A C Z Z I N O T CO V L O N I MPOU BE Z U ND T B ZO N S R O G A A H A N U T R P 5 I I G E 1 L F M A A M R Z A O C O E S I D A O D T I D D N O D E I E R IN S T T R B S R TR M S S I A V A O V E Z T. H H S T S S T T E C E E A N 2 6 A P O 1 1 O L L S D D O U A . B C E A O E O N U B R B G IS M E E . A N S T L A I S A R IA O H Y C R 7T A E A 1 L C A I N M O F . B . T A S L H A T G T 8 T S 1 C A H A T S 14 L . L T E S

H C K

T R C 9 A H 1 I H S I I C T A L G O U M O B M A S I U T I E L L L E D . B F E T O . IN S S S AN D R 1 S T C E PIE E

A H T S C E A R N T O H L 6 N L O F 1 T A S O R S 0 R R T 2 U B

A M R T A N E

C L A E IS C O R . T S G O T EN T S . L A 21 UN F A T D

A . V E T S E . H P T . 8 T 1 S A D N N 2 8 2 D D

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A A U 1S NI I A Z 2 OG L R AH IN M O A V YAKAL E T GE N. 5TH S LU L 2 NA O O B LAU A AN

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L B D E E L P Z E A N S ALFA R RO C R A P . D O A

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T A F RA T U FA A IL E V O G DR E EDR G A P D P A AR ES R D V OR E CO LA E A NI L Y S MA L OF F E Y U G IT . C O A E B M N H . T A L U UN PEDRO GIL SO B A M I N PEDRO GIL .H I

. M D U 3 E E 1 N K R L 4 A I 1 D C O P N A I E D N O R L S A A D R O A T ST O S 1S X R R A S B O A EN U Z JA L A OPE E UIZ G. L V RQ T R A A SAGA O R IL C. G AD D RO L M L D T A N R O PE S O O 1 E A N T A 2 1 D N 1 S P D 1 O I 7 N N A 2 N Y L T D

R

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G 3 G

G O U N E T A R S H M R RA ICASIANO T E AU 4 R F R O E OAD 10 DR O PA T N H S R 5T U T LANUZA A ROAD

P 8 S 7

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Z A O R ST A 6TH N ROA R D 6 G O PEDRO E A GIL STA L D 4 Z L ST E I H U N T ROA RIQ E 7 R D 5 EN A V O O A A O D N 3 I R L IR ST O E U H A A O 8T ROAD 4 IC Q D N N T 2

O G N M E TA U D S I R I N VA S T L E RO O MA R . AD 3 L . P T GI S EN X O R G E DR E PE P T I N L A A M ROAD 2 R IA H D I D SI S AN M A LA O A L K U D G S T R O A S H C N I A L N T H S S I P K G R HI S V M U O UC A E A H CH L A A P T M LA A D N 9 KA S S L E I R R U Q S O R O A M U S N H R E G A L IL I A Z P G L D Y O U K M A AS A H E IU K I N AT B S A W A T M N S M A A A M IA S S N M A N T A L O A A V O U L

R A J N U R Y I S D P M O A O L A G M E A A O O I M U S T D D A T A A E R B O R S O G R

C N R Z I R A O N M A E T E A E N IN C F O

L S I A R P A R P I O N O O A N M Y A X R S O P G C O I R O U L E S U D N A L B A I A C L O J I L L O N C A O L K N GI A C G C S R RO R I R H D A S PE O A A X N L A E IT T T A E

A V N O E A N T G N K R A U N N M G A A A I O O D N M R B C Y A A O X A V L Y N B A M A C I N N H N GE A I IL G KP R NA S S A IO M N AN D A I E I L M T T JU E S E R H AN AN C DRES R I SO L . ES I A SR N ANDR T IN S SA A L TO M A IN J G U O Q B C E O D D P A O A C E M R P N S E I UI O A R Q T R A T A L T L O B O I . J O I S R T T D E A V A A O IN R S I A C U N

.

O Q M T Z T U ON N A AL S E R A IO C Z D ID E O M S E E E L N R R I P N O

Fig. A.K.2.2 Location Map of Establishments along or near Esteros within Manila Area

A.K.2 - 7 Table A.K.2.4 Commercial Establishments/Industries that Possibly Contribute to Water Pollution of Creeks/Esteros in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila Pasay Area

Type of Suspended Settleable Oil & Dissolved Hexavalent Total Total Toxic Mineral Volatile Organic Alkaline Polychlorinated Formalde- No. Establishments Address Type of Establishments River / Estero BOD pH Temp. COD Phenols Phosphate Chloride Chromium Nitrate TSS Sulfates Color Alkalinity Cyanide Ammonia Ca Mg Industry 5 Solids Solids Grease Solids Chromium Solids Coliform Materials Acid Compounds Wastewater Biphenyls (PCB) hyde

Power Generation of the 2 NAIA Eng'g Compound Not Confirmed --- Maricaban Creek ------Phils. Inc. # 2316 Aurora Blvd., Motor repair shop for vehicles, 3 KIA Motor Sales Corp. --- Tripa de gallina ------Maricaban including overhauling Mahal Kita Drive-Inn - ALC Hotels, motels and other 4 # 2929 cor Taft Ave. O Tripa de gallina ------Group of Corp. lodging places

5 Rotonda Economy Hotel # 2921 Taft Ave. Hotel O Tripa de gallina ------

Operation and maintenance of 6 Victory Liner, inc. - Pasay EDSA passenger terminals including O Tripa de gallina ------equipment

Caltex - (Autofixer Gasoline 7 #1035 EDSA, Malibay Gasoline stations l Tripa de gallina ------Station) Malibay 8 Caltex - (Excel Station) Taft #2222 Taft Ave. Gasoline stations l Tripa de gallina ------EGI Rufino Plaza (Hotel & Hotels, motels and other 9 Taft Ave. cor. Gil Puyat St. O Tripa de gallina ------Comml. Complex) lodging places Operation and maintenance of Jam Group of Co. (Bus #2160 corner Gil Puyat 10 passenger terminals including O Tripa de gallina ------Terminal) St., Taft Ave. equipment

Operation and maintenance of #2240 Aurora Blvd., 11 JB Lines/Bicol Express passenger terminals including O Tripa de gallina ------Tramo St. equipment

Spring Cinema Bldg., Jollibee - Spring Cinema Restaurants, cafes and other 12 Libertad St. cor. Burgos O Tripa de gallina ------Bldg. eating and drinking places St. #233-AC, De Guzman St., Manufacture of industrial 13 Kemwerke, Inc. --- Tripa de gallina ------Malibay chemicals

New Winston Lodge - ALC #2224 Aurora Blvd., (Old Hotels, motels and other 14 O Tripa de gallina ------Group of Corp. Tramo) cor. EDSA lodging places

Operation and maintenance of Pangasinan Five Star Bus #2220 Tramo St., (Aurora 15 passenger terminals including O Tripa de gallina ------Co. Corp. (Terminal) Blvd.) equipment

#622 Apelo Cruz St., 16 Philips Foods Corp. Food manufacturing, n.e.c. c Tripa de gallina ------Malibay Samuya Food Mfg., #2451 Lakandula St., Sta. 17 Not Confirmed --- Tripa de gallina ------Inc./Rodzon Mktg. Corp. Clara Shell - Aurora Aurora Blvd. Cor. Andrews 18 Gasoline stations l Tripa de gallina ------Blvd./Andrews St., Pasay St. #625 EDSA Ave. cor. M. 19 Shell - M. Dela Cruz Gasoline stations l Tripa de gallina ------Dela Cruz, Malibay 20 Total (TPPC) - Pasay EDSA, Malibay Gasoline stations l Tripa de gallina ------

Note:

a - Beverage Industry h - Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry O - Domestic Waste Cement, Concrete, Lime b - i - Livestock Industry X - Infectious/Toxic Waste and Gypsum c - Dairy Product Processing j - Meat, Fish and Fruit canning Y - Domestic & Toxic Waste d - Ferroalloy Manufacturing k - Meat Products Industry e - Fertilizer industry (Nitrogen) l - Gasoline/Petroleum Dealers f - Phosphate Fertilizer Industry m - Pharmaceutical Industry Inorganic Chemicals, g - Alkalies and Chlorine n - Distellery Industry

A.K.2 - 8

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Fig. A.K.2.3 Location Map of Establishments along or near Esteros within Pasay Area

A.K.2 - 9 Table A.K.2.5 Commercial Establishments/Industries that Possibly Contribute to Water Pollution of Creeks/Esteros in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila Caloocan Area

Type of Suspended Settleable Oil & Dissolved Hexavalent Total Total Toxic Mineral Volatile Organic Alkaline Polychlorinated Formalde- No. Establishments Address Type of Establishments River / Estero BOD pH Temp. COD Phenols Phosphate Chloride Chromium Nitrate TSS Sulfates Color Alkalinity Cyanide Ammonia Ca Mg Industry 5 Solids Solids Grease Solids Chromium Solids Coliform Materials Acid Compounds Wastewater Biphenyls (PCB) hyde

Del Mundo St. cor. 10th 1 Orient Pearl Restaurant Restaurant O Casili Creek ------Ave. Alliance Foundry Shop Eng'g. 2 # 135 T. Teodoro St. Basic Metal Industries d Casili Creek ------Inc.

3 Amigo Plastic Industries # 162 9th St., 10 Ave. Manufacture of plastic --- Casili Creek ------

#276 J. Teodoro St., 8th 4 Buffalo Steel Corp. Basic Metal Industries d Casili Creek ------Ave. 9th Ave. cor. Rizal Ave. 5 Caltex - (9th Ave. Serv. Station) Gasoline Station l Casili Creek ------Ext.

6 Dai-ichi Plastics #23 D. Aquino St. Manufacture of plastic --- Casili Creek ------

7 Foodworld Mfg. Corp. 292-294 8th Ave. Beverage Manufacturing a Casili Creek ------

#219 J. Teodoro St. 7th 8 Gold Star Foundry, Inc. Basic Metal Industries d Casili Creek ------Ave. Kimbee Machinery & Foundry #239 J. Teodoro St. cor. 9 Basic Metal Industries d Casili Creek ------Co. Inc. 9th Ave. #111-D Aquino St., cor 6th 10 Technical Off-set Press Inc. Not confirmed --- Casili Creek ------Ave. #1 Kamantique St., 10 Estero de 11 Advanced Plastics, Inc. Manufacture of plastic ------Ave. Maypajo #205 4th Ave. St. cor. 9th Estero de 12 De Luxe Steel Mfg. Other Manufacturing Industries d ------Ave. Maypajo Estero de 13 Ever Gotesco Grand Central Rizal Ave. extn. Department Store ------Maypajo Estero de 14 Global Brush Manufacturing #20 5th St., 6th Ave. Not confirmed ------Maypajo Estero de 15 Globe Distellery #87 3rd Ave. Distellery n ------Maypajo Estero de 16 Hercules Lead Mfg. #50-G 7th Ave. Lead Manufacture d ------Maypajo Estero de 17 Hope Adhesive Cordero St., 2nd Ave. Not confirmed ------Maypajo Howard tower - Manolith Const. Estero de 18 6th Ave., Rizal Ext. Not confirmed ------& Dev't. Corp. Maypajo Estero de 19 Irish Intl. Plastic Corp. 7th St. Plastic Manufacture ------Maypajo Jade Tower - Crystal Jade 2nd Ave. cor. J. Teodoro Estero de 20 Hotel O ------Realty Dev't. Corp. St., #41 Zone Maypajo Estero de 21 Jetti Supply Distribution Inc. A. Mabini St., Brgy. 10 Gasoline Station l ------Maypajo 10th Ave. cor. A. Mabini Estero de 22 Jollibee (10th Ave.) A. Mabini Restaurant O ------St. Maypajo Estero de 23 Jollibee - Kalookan LRT #689 Rizal Ave. Extn. Restaurant O ------Maypajo Jollibee / Chowking / Estero de 24 Rizal Ave. extn. Restaurant O ------Greenwhich -EGC Maypajo #197 C. Cordero St., 5th Estero de 25 Malabon Candy Co. Inc Candy Factory c ------Ave. Maypajo Estero de 26 Milan Plastic Products Corp. #36 7th St. 7th Ave. Plastic Manufacture ------Maypajo Estero de 27 New Moses Enterprises #99 4th St., 9th Ave. Basic Metal Industries d ------Maypajo Estero de 28 New Prosperity Plastic #144-A 9th St., 9th Ave. Plastic Manufacture ------Maypajo Estero de 29 Petron - Grace Park # 146 Rizal Ave. Extn. Gasoline Station l ------Maypajo Estero de 30 Phil. Tiles Corp. #150 4th Ave. Not confirmed ------Maypajo #158 P. Sevilla St., bet 5th Estero de 31 Playtech Co. Not confirmed ------& 6th Ave. Maypajo Estero de 32 Rainbow Dyeing Service #135 St. 6th Ave. Dyeing Services ------Maypajo Estero de 33 RB Steel Inds., Inc. 111-113 St., 8th Ave. Basic Metal Industries d ------Maypajo

#139-141 A. Del Mundo Estero de 34 Regal Metal Craft Corp. Basic Metal Industries d ------st., cor 2nd Ave. Maypajo

Shell - (Centennial Service #402 8th Ave. cor. Rizal Estero de 35 Gasoline Station l ------Station Grace Park) Ave. Maypajo

#160 L. Nadurata St., bet. Estero de 36 TY Metal Products Basic Metal Industries d ------6th & 7th Ave. Maypajo

Note:

a - Beverage Industry h - Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry O - Domestic Waste Cement, Concrete, Lime and b - i - Livestock Industry X - Infectious/Toxic Waste Gypsum c - Dairy Product Processing j - Meat, Fish and Fruit canning Y - Domestic & Toxic Waste d - Ferroalloy Manufacturing k - Meat Products Industry e - Fertilizer industry (Nitrogen) l - Gasoline/Petroleum Dealers

f - Phosphate Fertilizer Industry m - Pharmaceutical Industry

Inorganic Chemicals, Alkalies g - n - Distellery and Chlorine Industry

A.K.2 - 10 N IO BAGONG SIKAT C N SU A

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Fig. A.K.2.4 Location Map of Establishments along or near Esteros within Caloocan Area

A.K.2 - 11 Table A.K.2.6 Commercial Establishments/Industries that Possibly Contribute to Water Pollution of Creeks/Esteros in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila Quezon City Area

Type of Suspended Settleable Oil & Dissolved Hexavalent Total Total Toxic Mineral Volatile Organic Alkaline Polychlorinated Formalde- No. Establishments Address Type of Establishments River / Estero BOD pH Temp. COD Phenols Phosphate Chloride Chromium Nitrate TSS Sulfates Color Alkalinity Cyanide Ammonia Ca Mg Industry 5 Solids Solids Grease Solids Chromium Solids Coliform Materials Acid Compounds Wastewater Biphenyls (PCB) hyde

1 Island Metal Mfg. Corp. #62 Howmart Rd., Baesa Basic Metal Industries d Diliman Creek ------

2 Island Wood Mouldings #132 5th Ave. Not Confirmed --- Diliman Creek ------

Manchester Ind`l. Subd., 3 Ivex Industrial Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------Sauyo, Novaliches

Operation and maintenance of 4 Jac Liner, Inc. #2 Mapagmahal St. passenger terminals including O Diliman Creek ------equipment

Jacinto Iron & Steel Sheets Km. 21 Quirino Highway, 5 Basic Metal Industries d Dario Creek ------Corp. Pasong Putik

Manchester Ind'l. Subd. 6 JEBB Enterprises Basic Metal Industries d Dario Creek ------Sauyo Rd.

Jollibee - (Estolano Bldg.) G/F J. Estolano Bldg., Restaurants, cafes and other 7 O Diliman Creek ------EDSA/Aurora EDSA cor. Aurora Blvd. eating and drinking places

Kamias Rd. Cor. Anonas Restaurants, cafes and other 8 Jollibee - Anonas/Kamias O Diliman Creek ------St., Sikatuna Village eating and drinking places

Anonas St. cor. Aurora Restaurants, cafes and other 9 Jollibee - Aurora/Anonas O Diliman Creek ------Blvd. eating and drinking places

Jollibee - EDSA cor. Congressional Restaurants, cafes and other 10 O Culiat River ------Congressional/EDSA Ave., Diliman eating and drinking places

Diamond Bldg., Aurora Restaurants, cafes and other 11 Jollibee - Diamond Bldg. O Diliman Creek ------Blvd. Cor. Araneta Ave. eating and drinking places

PHMA Bldg., East Ave. Restaurants, cafes and other 12 Jollibee - East Ave./V. Luna O Diliman Creek ------cor. V. Luna Rd. eating and drinking places

L1B1 EDSA cor. Kamias Restaurants, cafes and other 13 Jollibee - EDSA /Kamias O Diliman Creek ------Rd., Piñahan eating and drinking places

Roosevelt Ave. cor. EDSA, Restaurants, cafes and other 14 Jollibee - Muñoz/EDSA O Culiat River ------Muñoz eating and drinking places

Susano Comm`l. Complex, Restaurants, cafes and other 15 Jollibee - Nova Susano O Dario Creek ------Quirino Highway eating and drinking places

Restaurants, cafes and other 16 Jollibee - Nova-Quirino #938 Quirino Highway O Dario creek ------eating and drinking places

G/F Quezon Theater Bldg., Restaurants, cafes and other 17 Jollibee - Quezon Theater O Diliman Creek ------Araneta Center eating and drinking places

Quirino Highway cor. Restaurants, cafes and other 18 Jollibee - Sta. Quiteria Tandang Sora Ave., Sta. O Dario Creek ------eating and drinking places Quiteria Tandang Sora Ave. cor. Jollibee - Restaurants, cafes and other Pasong Tamo 19 Visayas Ave., Pasong O ------TandangSora/Visayas eating and drinking places River Tamo

20 Kentex Mfg. Corp. Talipapa Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------

Kentucky Fried Chicken Restaurants, cafes and other 21 P. Tuazon St. O Diliman Creek ------(KFC) - Cubao eating and drinking places

Kentucky Fried Chicken Restaurants, cafes and other 22 East Ave. O Diliman Creek ------(KFC) - East Ave. eating and drinking places

Metro Fabric Compd., 685 23 Kimlee Transformer, Inc. Not Confirmed --- Dariio Creek ------Tandang Sora

#325 Quirino Highway, 24 Kolmann Corp. Not Confirmed --- Dariio Creek ------Baesa

Limech Garments Mfg. 25 #28 Arte Rd., Sauyo Manufacture of textiles --- Dario Creek ------Corp.

Magnolia Nestle #710 Aurora Blvd., 26 Food manufacturing, n.e.c. c & a Diliman Creek ------Corp.(Magnolia Dairy Prod.) Kaunlaran

27 Metro-Pack Corp. #1129 Quirino Highway Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------

#14 Visayas Ave. Extn., Manufacture of bakery 28 Mix Plant, Inc. --- Culiat River ------Proj. 6 products

Hotels, motels and other 29 Molave Court #389 Quirino Highway O Dario Creek ------lodging places

Montessori Child Learning 30 #116 Visayas Ave. Educational Services O Culiat River ------Center

Nestle Phils., Inc. - (ICCPD) #710 Aurora Blvd. cor. Manufacture of dairy products, 31 c & a Diliman Creek ------QC Hemady St., Kaunlaran except milk

New United Foundry Mfg. #595 Quirino Highway, 32 Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------Corp. Bagbag

Operation and maintenance of #816 Aurora Blvd., cor. T. 33 Partas Trans Co., Inc. passenger terminals including O Diliman Creek ------Bernando St. equipment

#101 Mother Ignacia Ave., 34 Petrochem Corp. Not Confirmed --- Diliman Creek ------South Triangle

Petron - #57 Mindanao 35 #57 Mindanao Ave. Gasoline stations l Culiat River ------Ave., QC

Petron - (Corral) Piñahan, East Ave. cor. NIA Rd., Piñ 36 Gasoline stations l Diliman Creek ------QC ahan

Petron - (Toyota) Aurora 37 #926 Aurora Blvd., Cubao Gasoline stations l Diliman Creek ------Blvd., Cubao

Visayas Ave., cor. Pasong Tamo 38 Petron - RG Service Station Gasoline stations l ------Congressional St. Creek

Phil. Childrens Medical Quezon Blvd. Ext. cor. 39 Not Confirmed --- Mariblo Creek ------Center Agham St., Pag-Asa

A.K.2 - 12 Table A.K.2.6 Commercial Establishments/Industries that Possibly Contribute to Water Pollution of Creeks/Esteros in the Core Area of Metropolitan Manila Quezon City Area

Type of Suspended Settleable Oil & Dissolved Hexavalent Total Total Toxic Mineral Volatile Organic Alkaline Polychlorinated Formalde- No. Establishments Address Type of Establishments River / Estero BOD pH Temp. COD Phenols Phosphate Chloride Chromium Nitrate TSS Sulfates Color Alkalinity Cyanide Ammonia Ca Mg Industry 5 Solids Solids Grease Solids Chromium Solids Coliform Materials Acid Compounds Wastewater Biphenyls (PCB) hyde

40 PolyAgro Products Corp. #710-716 Quirino Highway Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------

Manufacture of drugs 41 Progressive Labs. #149 Dangay St., Project 7 m Culiat Creek ------medicines

Quezon City Medical Center Medical, Dental, Other Health 42 #960 Aurora Blvd. X Diliman Creek ------(QCMC) And Veterinary Services

Hotels, motels and other 43 Ramcar Center Bldg. #80 Roces Ave. O Diliman Creek ------lodging places, n.e.c.

#614 Celina Dr., Quirino 44 RBL Livestock Hog raising i Dario Creek ------Highway

Regalia Park Towers - The Hotels, motels and other 45 #150 P. Tuazon St. O Diliman Creek ------Regalia Group Corp. lodging places, n.e.c.

#668 Quirino Highway, 46 Richardson Steel Corp. Basic Metal Industries d Dario Creek ------Bagbag Robinsons Place Pasong Putik, Quirino 47 (Novaliches) - Robinson Restaurants And Hotels O Dario Creek ------Highway Land #3 Don C. Manuel St., San Francisco 48 Roosevelt Mfg. Corp. Not Confirmed ------Kaingin Rd. Creek

Seaoil - EDSA/South #843-845 EDSA South 49 Gasoline stations l Diliman Creek ------Triangle, Diliman Triangle, Diliman

L481 B787 Quirino 50 SeaOil - Gulod, Novaliches Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------Highway

SeaOil - Quirino Quirino Highway cor. 51 Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------Highway/Salvia St. Salvia St. L15-C2A No. 574, EDSA SeaOil - Tuazon/EDSA 52 cor. P. Tuazon Blvd., Gasoline stations l Diliman Creek ------(Cubao) Socorro Shell - (Diwal) Mindanao 53 Mindanao Ave. Gasoline stations l Culiat River ------Ave.

Shell - (East Gate) Bahay Congressional Ave., Bahay Pasong Tamo 54 Gasoline stations l ------Toro Toro Creek

Shell - (Optima) Mindanao Mindanao Ave., 55 Gasoline stations l Dario Creek ------Ave., Novaliches Novaliches

Shell - (Speedwheel) A. Bonifacio St. cor. 56 Gasoline stations l Diliman Creek ------Bignay/Bonifacio Bignay St.

Shell - Quirino #372 Quirino Ave. cor. 57 Gasoline stations l Dario Creek ------Ave./Tandang Sora Tandang Sora Ave.

Regalado Ave., Pasong 58 Shell - Regalado Gasoline stations l Dario Creek ------Putik

SNC Industries, Inc. - Manufacture of structural Pasong Tamo 59 #36 Tandang Sora Ave. b ------Novaliches concrete products Creek

60 St. Paul College Aurora Blvd. Educational Services --- Diliman Creek ------

#685-B Tandang Sora Pasong Tamo 61 Stantex Colour Inds., Inc. Not Confirmed ------Ave. Creek

#121 Kaingin St., San Francisco 62 Stanwood Inds. Corp. Not Confirmed ------Kangkong, Balintawak Creek

#69-75 Quirino Highway, 63 Stonehill Steel Corp. Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------Balintawak

Suarez Metaplas Industries, 64 #130 20th Ave. Not Confirmed --- Diliman Creek ------Inc.

#660 Tandang Sora Ave., Laundries, laundry services, 65 Sunny Steam Laundry, Inc. --- Dario Creek ------Sangandaan and cleaning and dyeing plants

Sycwin Coating & Wires, 1-A V. Ventura, Balingasa, Manufacture of paints, San Francisco 66 ------Inc. - 1-A V. Ventura Balintawak varnishes and lacquers Creek

#24 Quirino Highway, Manufacture of paints, 67 Times Paint Corp. --- Dario Creek ------Balintawak varnishes and lacquers

L12 B2 Calle Industria cor. Total (TPPC) - 68 Economia Sts., Gasoline stations l ------Bagumbayan, QC Bagumbayan

Total (TPPC) - Pasong 69 Quirino Highway Gasoline stations l Dario Creek ------Putik

Operation and maintenance of 70 Tritran Bus Co. Kamias Rd. passenger terminals including O Diliman Creek ------equipment

Medical, Dental, Other Health 71 UERM Medical Center Aurora Blvd. X Diliman Creek ------And Veterinary Services

72 Uni-Luck Food Products #94-C Quirino Highway Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------

United Color Laundry & #4 Real St., Real Village I, Laundries, laundry services, 73 --- Culiat Creek ------Dyeing Services Project 8 and cleaning and dyeing plants

#422 Quirino Highway, 74 United Fancy Plywood, Inc. Sawmills and planning mills --- Dario Creek ------Talipapa

United Foundry & Mfg. #595 Quirino Highway, 75 Basic Metal Industries d Dario Creek ------Corp. Bagbag

Universal Steel Smelting #28 Quirino Highway, 76 Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------Co., Inc. Balintawak Five Star Compd., P. Dela Uniware Ceramic Industrial 77 Cruz St., So. Gitna Not Confirmed --- Dario Creek ------Corp. Kaybiga

Note:

a - Beverage Industry e - Fertilizer industry (Nitrogen) i - Livestock Industry m - Pharmaceutical Industry X - Infectious/Toxic Waste Cement, Concrete, Lime b - f - Phosphate Fertilizer Industry j - Meat, Fish and Fruit canning n - Distellery Y - Domestic & Toxic Waste and Gypsum Inorganic Chemicals, Alkalies c - Dairy Product Processing g - k - Meat Products Industry O - Domestic Waste and Chlorine Industry

d - Ferroalloy Manufacturing h - Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry l - Gasoline/Petroleum Dealers

A.K.2 - 13

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Fig. A.K.2.5 Location Map of Establishments along or near Esteros within Quezon City Area

A.K.2 - 14

ANNEX K.3

RESULT OF FIRST LEVEL SCOPING SESSION

DURING EIA STUDY