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Influence of Filipino Heroism on the Value Concepts of Grade 10 High School Students in Ozamiz City National High School

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Influence of Filipino Heroism on the Value Concepts of Grade 10 High School Students in Ozamiz City National High School JournalInfluence ofof MultidisciplinaryFilipino Heroism on theStudies Value Concepts J. E. Cabrera, C. J. Omandam, Vol.of Grade 5,5, IssueIssue 10 High No.No. 2, 2,School pp.pp. 1-18,1 -Students18, DecemberDecember in Ozamiz 20162016 City N. D. Canini ISSNNational 2350-70202350 High-7020 School (Print) ISSN 2362-94362362-9436 (Online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v5i2.1023 Influence of Filipino Heroism on the Value Concepts of Grade 10 High School Students in Ozamiz City National High School Jovannie E. Cabrera, Camille Jane Omandam, Nelfa D. Canini College of Education, Misamis University, H. T. Feliciano St., Ozamiz City, Philippines Corresponding author: Nelfa D. Canini; email: [email protected] Abstract Heroism refers to outstanding acts that display courage. It is possible only in rare circumstances and it requires a high level of moral character or competence. Countless acts of heroism went unnoticed or unrecorded. In most cases, local history is taken for granted. This study was conducted to determine the influence of Filipino heroism on the value concepts of Grade 10 high school students in Ozamiz City National High School. Descriptive research design was used in this study. One-hundred respondents coming from four different curricula in the said school were included in this study. Modified questionnaire was used to obtain the data. The findings revealed that Filipino heroism has high influence on Grade 10 high school students’ concept on nationalism while the acts of heroism exemplified by Filipino heroes have moderate influence on students’ value concepts of discipline, obedience, determination, and bravery. The perceptions of students on the influence of Filipino heroism on value concepts do not significantly vary when they are grouped by profile. This study may provide insights to academic institutions in promoting value concept of Filipino heroism. Keywords: bravery, determination, discipline, nationalism, obedience 1 JournalInfluence of FilipinoMultidisciplinary Heroism on theStudies Value Concepts J. E. Cabrera, C. J. Omandam, Vol.of Grade 5, Issue 10 HighNo. 2, School pp. 1-18, Students December in Ozamiz 2016 City N. D. Canini ISSNNational 2350-7020 High School (Print) ISSN 2362-9436 (Online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v5i2.1023 Introduction Heroism is an individual’s commitment to a noble purpose, usually aimed at furthering the welfare of others, and involving the willingness to accept the cost and consequences of achieving that purpose (Jayawickreme & Di Stefano, 2012). In contemporary society, any behavior that seems distinctly difficult or unusually impressive is classified as heroic (Kohen, 2013). National heroes are often portrayed as a pantheon of distinct and powerful personalities who have managed to get their names published in our history books by virtue of their words and actions. Many believe that heroism involves violence in defense of another which is inappropriate but some agree that true heroism is taking the risk of harming oneself while saving another. Countless acts of heroism went unnoticed or unrecorded during the wars (Elliott, 2011). In most cases, local history is taken for granted. History is looked based on the national perspective, often times forgetting that what underlies a great history is founded on local history. In the Philippines, the Department of Education (DepEd) has urged both public and private schools to carry out meaningful activities that commemorate historical events (Malipot, 2014). For instance, DepEd secretary Armin Luistro issued to schools Memorandum No. 43, series of 2014 stipulating the guidelines to the “2014 Conduct of National Observations and Commemoration of Historical Events”. The purpose is to instill in the minds of elementary and secondary students the greatness of the Filipino race, the legacy of the national heroes, and the ideals of nationhood. The memorandum also aims to help reawaken the Filipino people, especially the youth of their responsibility and patriotic commitment to truly demonstrate the spirit of heroism, patriotism, nationalism, unity, and national identity. Several studies were already conducted about Filipino heroism (Mamot, 1986; McKay, & Miller-Chair, 2011; Guevarra, 2014; Encinas-Franco 2013, 2015). However, there is no study conducted regarding the influence of heroism among high school students in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of influence of Filipino heroism in 2 InfluenceJournal ofof MultidisciplinaryFilipino Heroism on theStudies Value Concepts J. E. Cabrera, C. J. Omandam, ofVol. Grade 5, Issue 10 High No. 2,School pp. 1 -Students18, December in Ozamiz 2016 City N. D. Canini NationalISSN 2350 High-7020 School (Print) ISSN 2362-9436 (Online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v5i2.1023 relation to the value concepts of Grade 10 students in Ozamiz City National High School. Further, this study aimed to determine if there is a significant difference in the level of influence of Filipino heroism among the students when grouped by gender, age, and curriculum they belong. This study may provide insights to academic institutions in promoting value concept of Filipino heroism. Materials and Methods Research design, instrument, and validation The descriptive research design-survey method was employed to gather the data. The researcher-made questionnaire was the main tool used in this study. The questionnaire was divided into two parts. Part 1 includes the respondent’s profile that includes the age, gender, curriculum, and year level. Part 2 includes statements that reflect the value concepts of students on bravery, determination, discipline, nationalism, and obedience as influenced by Filipino heroism. Items were rated in a four-point Likert scale (4 = High influence, 3 = Moderate influence, 2 = Low influence, and 1= No influence). In testing the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, the researchers conducted a pilot testing to 30 students and run the data through Cronbach’s alpha test available in SPSS software. The 25 items statements were considered highly reliable with a result of 0.87. In determining and interpreting the level of influence of Filipino heroism on the value concepts of the grade 10 students, the continuum below was used. Scale Continuum/ Range Interpretation 4 3.25 - 4.00 High influence 3 2.50 - 3.24 Influence 2 1.75 - 2.49 Low influence 1 1.00 - 1.74 No influence 3 JournalInfluence of FilipinoMultidisciplinary Heroism on theStudies Value Concepts J. E. Cabrera, C. J. Omandam, Vol.of Grade 5, Issue 10 HighNo. 2, School pp. 1-18, Students December in Ozamiz 2016 City N. D. Canini ISSNNational 2350-7020 High School (Print) ISSN 2362-9436 (Online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v5i2.1023 Research setting and respondents This study was conducted in Ozamiz City National High School, Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. The respondents were 100 students from four different curricula [Special Science Curriculum (31), Regular curriculum (30), STVEP (20), and Special Program in the Arts (19)] were the respondents of the study. Ethical consideration Permission and endorsement were obtained prior to the conduct of the study. Approval from the school principal and the respective ‘Araling Panlipunan’ teachers was secured before the purpose of the study was properly explained to the respondents including the confidentiality of their identity. The respondents were assured that their responses would be utilized for research purpose only. Data analysis Data gathered were analyzed and interpreted through the use of statistical tools available on the Minitab software. The average weighted mean was used to numerically describe the responses of the respondents. on the items selected from the scale of 4 to 1, going higher points for the most and lesser points for the least. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or f-test and t-test were used to determine the significant difference in the influence of Filipino heroism on the value concept of grade 10 students when grouped according to profile. Results and Discussion Students’ profile Table 1 shows that majority of the grade 10 students were 15 years old and the ages of the other students varied from 14 to 20. The entry to secondary schools differs due to some academic and psychological factors (Cáceres-Delpiano & Giolito, 2014). With gender, the number of male and female are almost the same. In terms of curriculum program, most of the respondents belonged to Special Science Curriculum (SSC) comprising of 31% of the respondents and 4 InfluenceJournal ofof MultidisciplinaryFilipino Heroism on theStudies Value Concepts J. E. Cabrera, C. J. Omandam, ofVol. Grade 5, Issue 10 High No. 2,School pp. 1 -Students18, December in Ozamiz 2016 City N. D. Canini NationalISSN 2350 High-7020 School (Print) ISSN 2362-9436 (Online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v5i2.1023 least number of the students came from the Special Program in the Arts (SPA) curriculum comprising of 19% of the overall respondents. These findings were congruent to the study of Yang and Yu (2015). Table 1. Respondent’s profile (n=100). Profile Frequency Percentage Age 14 1 1.00 15 54 54.00 16 26 26.00 17 13 13.00 18 3 3.00 19 2 2.00 20 1 1.00 Sex Male 51 51.00 Female 49 49.00 Curriculum STVEP 20 20.00 REGULAR 30 30.00 SSC 31 31.00 SPA 19 19.00 Value concept A. Bravery Figure 1 shows the influence of Filipino heroism on the concept of bravery among grade 10 students in Ozamiz City National High School. Bravery can be viewed as the act motivated by noble causes such as saving someone’s life, speaking up for a principle, and fighting for one’s country (Roberts, 2011). The findings of this study revealed that the heroism of Lapu-Lapu in his victorious battle at the shores of Mactan against the Spanish colonizers has high influence on students’ concept of bravery. Students have realized that Filipinos could defeat strong and powerful western colonizers.
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