DOCSLIB.ORG

Reconnaissance Soil Survey of Parts of Northwestern Ontario

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

RECONNAISSANCE SOIL SURVEY OF PARTS OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO BY G . A. HILLS EXPERIMENTAL FARMS SERVICE AND F. F. MORWICK ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE GUELPH, ONTARIO DECEMBER 1944 REPORT No. 8 OF THE ONTARIO SOIL SURVEY EXPERIMENTAL FARMS SERVICE, DOMINION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND THE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE RECONNAISSANCE SOIL SURVEY OF PARTS OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO BY G . A. HILLS EXPERIMENTAL FARMS SERVICE AND F . F. MORWICK ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE GUELPH, ONTARIO DECEMBER 1944 REPORT No . 8 OF 1rHE ONTARIO SOIL SURVEY EXPERIMENTAL FARMS SERVICE, DOMINION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND THE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE PREFACE The reconnaissance survey of Northwestern Ontario was made during the early part of, the summer of 1942. More time was spent in studying the types of soil formation and the capa bility of the soils for use than in locating the boundaries of the land types in detail. The report is intended to give a general picture of the present development of the region, to describe the soils and make suggestions as to their suitability for further agricultural development .. The three maps in the pocket at the back of this report show the approximate distribution of land types. The objectives of the survey may be stated briefly as follows : 1 ., To obtain information regarding the soils, particularly in the areas partially developed for agriculture. To chart the approximate location and extent of the soils in the three larger agricultural areas. 8. To study the factors affecting soil ,formation. To study the capability of the land for future agricultural use. ONTARIO SOIL SURVEY COMMITTEE DOMINION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS SERVICE DR. E. S. ARCHIBALD DR. A. LEAHEY DR. E. S. HOPKINS MR. L. E. WRIGHT ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE DR. G. I. CHRISTIE PROF. G. N. RVHNKE PROF. F. F. MORWICK ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. L. G. Reeds (now on Active Service), both in the field work and in the initial preparation of the maps. The physical and chemical analyses were done by Mr. A. L. Willis. The base maps used for the field work were obtained from the Departments of Highways and Lands and Forests, Toronto. The co-operation and advice of each of the Agricultural Representatives in the three areas was greatly appreciated. Considerable use has been made of published and un- published geological, forestal, climatic and census data, and reference to these is given throughout' the text. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Part I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO........ .......... 9 Location and Extent. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .. ... .. .. .. .... .. ... .. .. .. ... ... ..... .. 9 Administrative Centres and Principal Towns........ ... ... .. ... .. ... 10 Population and Racial Origin. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ..... ........ ..... ... 10 Important Industries . ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. ... ..... ... .. ... .. .. ........ ... .. .. 11 Transportation and Markets. .. ... .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. ... ..... ... .. .. .. ... 12 Part II. FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL FORMATION IN NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO.... .. ..... ... ..... .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ..... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. .. 14 The Geological Materials Upon Which the Soils Have Formed... ... ... .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. .. ... ..... .. .. ... .. ........ 14 The Thunder Bay Area. ..... .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ..... 17 The Rainy River Clay Plain....... ... .. .. ..... ... ..... .. .. .. .. ........ 18 The Dryden Area.. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .. ..... ... ... .. ... .. ... ..... ..... ..... 20 Natural Vegetation.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... ... ... .. .. ... ... ..... .. ... ... 20 Climate. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ..... .. .. ... .. .. ... ..... ..... ... .. .. 21 Fire, Erosion and Cultivation. .. .. .. .. ... ..... .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... .. 22 Part III. CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SOILS... ... .. .. .. .. .. ...... 24 Regional Soil Types.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 Local Soil Variations. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. 26 The Thunder Bay Area.. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. 27 The O'CONNoR Land Type. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .. 27 The SCOBLE Land Type . ... .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. .. ... .. ... ... .. .. .. 28 The FORBEs Land Type.. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. ... ... .. 28 The PAPOONGE Land Type. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. 29 The UPSALA Land Type. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 29 The SLATE RIVER Land Type... .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. 30 The OLIVER Land Type. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. 31 The DORION Land Type. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ..... ... .. ... .. .. .. .. 31 The ROSSLYN Land Type. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .. ... .. .. 32 The NEEBING Land Type. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 32 The MCINTYRE Land Type. ... ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... 33 Shallow Soils Over Precambrian Bed Rock. .. ... .. ... ..... 33 Deep Peat Bogs. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... ... ... .. .. .. 34 The Rainy River Clay Plain.. .. .. ... ..... ... .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. ...... 34 The BURRIss Land Type. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. 34 The DEVLIN Land Type. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. .. ... .. 35 PAGE Part III. CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SOILS-(Continued) The BLUE Land Type. ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 36 The ATWOOD Land Type. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. 37 The SIFTON Land Type. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. 37 The SHENSTON Land Type.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 The EMo Land Type. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. 38 The MCINNES CREEK Land Type. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 39 The DOBIE Land Type.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 The WORTHINGTON Land Type.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 The SPOHN Land Type.. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 The RAINY RIVER Land Type. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 41 The GAMELAND Land Type. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 42 . Shallow Soils Over Precambrian Bed Rock. .. .. .. 42 The Dryden Clay Area.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 43 The OXDRIFT Land Type. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. ... ... .. .. 43 The SANX)FORD Land Type. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 The WABIGOON Land Type. .. .. .. .. .,. .. .. ... ., .. .. .. .. 44 The DINORWIc Land Type. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 The EAGLE LAKE Land Type . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..: . 45 Deep Peat Lands. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 Shallow Soils Over Precambrian Bed Rock. .. ... .. .. .. .. ., 46 Part IV. AGRICULTURE. .. .. .. : .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. 47 Settlement and Agricultural Development. .. .. .. .:... .. .. .. .. ... 47 Present Agriculture and Land Use. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 47 Capability of the Land in Northwestern Ontario for Agricultural Development.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 Part V. DISCUSSION OF ANALYTICAL DATA. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. , .. 54 APPENDIX-SURVEY METHODS . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 MAPS-1 . Land Types of the Thunder Bay Area. lIn pocket, inside 2. \Land Types of the Rainy River Clay Plain., back cover. 3 . Land Types of the Dryden Clay Area. 1{ ILLUSTRATIONS No. PAGE 1 . Outline Map of Ontario Showing the Location of the Three Areas Discussed in This Report . .. 8 2. An Association of White Spruce, Aspen, White Birch and Balsam Fir. A 3. A Podsol Soil Profile A 4 . A Peat Glei Profile. B 5. The Profile of a Degraded or Podsolized Grassland Soil . .. B 6. A Natural Landscape on Deep Peat Lands "Muskeg" C (' 7 . Burned-over Peat lands . D 8. Burned-over and Seeded Lands 9. Upland Scrub Land. .. .. .. .. .. D 10. I ndulating (flay Plain. F, 11 . A Farm on Rolling Topography . .. .. .. .. .. : . .. .. .. h; 12 . Good Farm Buildings on the Devlin `hype . .. .. .. .-. .,. F 13 . Farmstead on the Oliver hand Type. .. .. .. .. ..... F 14 . Abandoned Farm. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. G 15. Abandoned Farm on Fairly Good Land. .. ... .. .. .. .. G 16. Burned-over Rock-Knot) Lands. .: . .. .. .. ; . H 17 . Regeneration of .Jack Pine on Dry Sandy Soils . .. : . :_~ .. ;< . :_, .: .. .- . H TABLES No. PAGE 1 . Main Areas of Agricultural Development in ZNorthivestérn Ontario . 9 2 . Rural and Urban Population in Northwestern Ontario. .. .. .. .. .. 10 3 . Racial Origin of the Population of Northwestern Ontario. .. .. 11 4A . Mean and Critical Temperatures in Northwestern Ontario and other Selected Points. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 4n. Average and Critical Rainfall Data for Northwestern Ontario and Other Selected Points . .. .. ... .. ... 23 5. Key to Land Types of the Thunder Bay Area. .. .. 27 6. Key to Land Types of the Rainy River C'Iav Plain.. ... .. .. ... 34 7 . Key to the Land Types of the Dryden Clay Area . .. .. .. .. ... 43 8. Data Showing Agricultural Development and Production in the Districts of Thunder Bay, Rainy River and henora.. ._. .. .- . .. 48 9. Land Classes in Terms of t'se-Capahilities. .. .. .. .. 50 10. Land Types Included in Agricultural Use-Capability Class A .. .. 51 Land 11 . Types Included in Agricultural Use-Capability Class B. ..
Recommended publications
  • Kenora District Human Capital Series

    Kenora District Human Capital Series

    Northern Projections Kenora District Human Capital Series Dr. Bahktiar Moazzami northernpolicy.ca Huskie the Muskie, McLeod Park, Kenora, ON Northern Policy Institute / Institut des politiques de Nord Kenora District | August 2019 3 Who We Are Northern Policy Institute Northern Policy Institute is Northern Ontario’s independent think tank. We perform research, collect and disseminate evidence, and identify policy opportunities to support the growth of sustainable Northern Communities. Our operations are located in Thunder Bay and Sudbury. We seek to enhance Northern Ontario’s capacity to take the lead position on socio-economic policy that impacts Northern Ontario, Ontario, and Canada as a whole. About the Series This Human Capital Series is an update of an earlier series published in partnership with Northern Ontario Workforce Planning. Workforce Planning Ontario is a network of 26 Workforce Planning Boards covering four regions across the province. Workforce Planning Boards gather intelligence on local labour market supply and demand, and work in partnership with employers, employment services, educators, researchers, economic development, government and other stakeholders to identify, understand and address labour market issues. This includes supporting and coordinating local responses to meet current and emerging workforce needs. Given the unique geography and labour market issues that impact Northern Ontario, all 6 planning boards in the north have collaborated to form Northern Ontario Workforce Planning. They include: Algoma Workforce Investment Corporation (AWIC); Far Northeast Training Board (FNETB); The Labour Market Group (LMG); Northwest Training and Adjustment Board (NTAB); North Superior Workforce Planning Board (NSWPB); and Workforce Planning for Sudbury & Manitoulin (WPSM). FNETB and NSWPB are currently pilot sites for Local Employment Planning Councils (LEPC).
  • HISTORIC POPULATIONS of NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO KAC Dawson Lakehead University Published In

    HISTORIC POPULATIONS of NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO KAC Dawson Lakehead University Published In

    157 HISTORIC POPULATIONS OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO K.A.C. Dawson Lakehead University Published in: Papers of the 7th Algonquian Conference (1975) 158 This paper was prompted by the continuing emphasis placed by some eth­ nologists on the rather vague historical references to Assiniboine peoples in northwestern Ontario as evidence of their occupation of portions of the area. The prime purpose of the paper is to examine the historical record. It is recognized that the early archaeological literature dealing with Minn­ esota and Manitoba (Wilford 1941, 1945, 1955; MacNeish 1954, 1958) strongly influenced the approach in equating the Terminal Woodland period Blackduck tradition as an exclusive product of the Assiniboine. This was prior to the record of the presence of the tradition in Ontario from the Severn River in the north, south to the border region of west of Lake Superior and east to roughly the Ottawa river region (Conway 1975; Dawson 1974, 1975a, 1975d; Hurley and Kenyon 1972; Kenyon 1961; Pollock and Noble 1975; Ridley 1954,19- 66; Wright 1965, 1966, 1968c, 1972, n.d.). The extensive spacial and temp­ oral depth of the tradition and its presence into historic times in this area historically dominated by Algonkian speaking peoples negates Assiniboine affinities in Ontario. Further it is implicit in the record that the Algon­ kian speakers are not recent arrivals to northwestern Ontario. Information pertaining to the early historic period is reviewed in this paper and the results of the extensive archaeological records are introduced concluding that northwestern Ontario has been occupied from time out of mind by Algonkian speaking peoples.
  • Forest Health Conditions in Ontario, 2017

    Forest Health Conditions in Ontario, 2017

    Forest Health Conditions in Ontario, 2017 Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Forest Health Conditions in Ontario, 2017 Compiled by: • Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Science and Research Branch © 2018, Queen’s Printer for Ontario Printed in Ontario, Canada Find the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry on-line at: <http://www.ontario.ca>. For more information about forest health monitoring in Ontario visit the natural resources website: <http://ontario.ca/page/forest-health-conditions> Some of the information in this document may not be compatible with assistive technologies. If you need any of the information in an alternate format, please contact [email protected]. Cette publication hautement spécialisée Forest Health Conditions in Ontario, 2017 n'est disponible qu'en anglais en vertu du Règlement 671/92 qui en exempte l’application de la Loi sur les services en français. Pour obtenir de l’aide en français, veuillez communiquer avec le ministère des Richesses naturelles au <[email protected]>. ISSN 1913-617X (Online) ISBN 978-1-4868-2275-1 (2018, pdf) Contents Contributors ........................................................................................................................ 4 État de santé des forêts 2017 ............................................................................................. 5 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 6 Contributors Weather patterns ...................................................................................................
  • District of Rainy River Community Profile & Demographics

    District of Rainy River Community Profile & Demographics

    District of Rainy River Community Profile & Demographics January 2021 Prepared by: Rainy River Future Development Corporation District of Rainy River Contents Community Futures Development Corporation ............................................................... 3 Natural Resources........................................................................................................... 5 Strategic Location ........................................................................................................... 6 Levels of Government ..................................................................................................... 7 Municipal Contact Information ......................................................................................... 7 Regional First Nation Communities ................................................................................. 8 Regional Chambers of Commerce .................................................................................. 9 Education ...................................................................................................................... 10 Educational Institutions ................................................................................................. 11 Rainy River District Schools .......................................................................................... 12 Telecommunications ..................................................................................................... 15 Utilities ..........................................................................................................................
  • The Black-Billed Magpie in Ontario

    The Black-Billed Magpie in Ontario

    6 The Black-billed Magpie in Ontario David H. Elder The Black-billed Magpie (Pica hud­ American Bison (Bison bison) that sonia) is a spectacular, long-tailed, through death by predation, dis­ black and white corvid (Figure 1) ease, accident and old age provided that is found in western North a constant food source. America from Alaska south to New In Ontario, it is a fairly recent Mexico and Arizona (Sibley 2000). colonizer in the northwestern part Its Canadian range extends from of the province and breeds mainly extreme western Ontario through in two separate areas, one west of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Fort Frances and one west of British Columbia and the Yukon Dryden (Figure 2). Both are exten­ (Godfrey 1986). The original range sive agricultural areas that have of the species likely coincided with been developed since the late 1800s the great central North American and early 1900s; farmland carved prairies populated by huge herds of out of the forested wilderness. Figure 1: The Black-billed Magpie is a recent colonist to Ontario. Photo by George K. Peck. ONTARIO BIRDS APRIL 2006 7 r:: r:: co 0 ~ Figure 2: Northwestern Ontario, showing the two main breeding areas of the Black­ billed Magpie in the province, near Dryden and Fort FranceslRainy River (hatched areas). Map by Andrew Jano. Nesting (Salix spp.) growing under The first documented Black-billed Trembling Aspen (Populus tremu­ Magpie nests (four) in Ontario loides). Occasionally, they are were found by John Lamey, A. placed in a tall tree, well above Gray, B. Duncan and W. Wilson in a ground, a location that is favoured small patch of aspen woodland in the more western part of the about 10 km northeast of Rainy species' range (Figure 4).
  • Towards a Northern Centre of Excellence for Addiction and Mental Health

    Towards a Northern Centre of Excellence for Addiction and Mental Health

    Towards a Northern Centre of Excellence for Addiction and Mental Health Engagement Results for: RAINY RIVER DISTRICT Northwestern Ontario Engagement Nov 2017 - Mar 2018 Rainy River District Engagement Sessions NORTH WEST LHIN FACE-TO-FACE SESSIONS 2 Fort Frances 1: Jan 2018 Fort Frances 2: Jan 2018 VIDEOCONFERENCE SESSIONS Northwestern Ontario WEST: 2 Jan 2018 Northwestern Ontario WEST 2: March 2018 PARTICIPANTS FROM 15 ORGANIZATIONS serving Fort Frances, Atikokan, Emo, Rainy River, surrounding rural communities, and 10 First Nations RAINY RIVER 23 Of these, 5 participants were affiliated with Indigenous DISTRICT organizations and organizations serving Indigenous people 20 110 people | 15 474 km2 42% rural ** 2% Francophone SECTORS ROLES 27% Aboriginal* Identity 17% adults over age 65 Addiction, Mental Health, Front-line workers and Managers 30% children and youth 0-24 years Hospital, Emergency Medical in Indigenous-specific and non- Services, Primary Health Indigenous organizations, including 4 major towns, 10 First Nations Care, Public Health, Tribal Nurse, Paramedic, Policy Maker, Fort Frances to Thunder Bay: Health Authority, Social Social Worker, Counsellor, Volunteer 4 hours drive Services, Education, Health Coordinator, Superintendent, (Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census) Administration Director, People with Lived Experience *“Aboriginal” is used to reflect census terminology **inclusive definition INSIDE: What are the mental How could a Northern What should a Centre health and addiction Centre of Excellence for of Excellence
  • Rainy River District Human Capital Series

    Rainy River District Human Capital Series

    Northern Projections Rainy River District Human Capital Series Dr. Bahktiar Moazzami northernpolicy.ca Tomahawk Lighthouse, Sleeman, ON Northern Policy Institute / Institut des politiques de Nord Rainy River District | August 2019 3 Who We Are Northern Policy Institute Northern Policy Institute is Northern Ontario’s independent think tank. We perform research, collect and disseminate evidence, and identify policy opportunities to support the growth of sustainable Northern Communities. Our operations are located in Thunder Bay and Sudbury. We seek to enhance Northern Ontario’s capacity to take the lead position on socio-economic policy that impacts Northern Ontario, Ontario, and Canada as a whole. About the Series This Human Capital Series is an update of an earlier series published in partnership with Northern Ontario Workforce Planning. Workforce Planning Ontario is a network of 26 Workforce Planning Boards covering four regions across the province. Workforce Planning Boards gather intelligence on local labour market supply and demand, and work in partnership with employers, employment services, educators, researchers, economic development, government and other stakeholders to identify, understand and address labour market issues. This includes supporting and coordinating local responses to meet current and emerging workforce needs. Given the unique geography and labour market issues that impact Northern Ontario, all 6 planning boards in the north have collaborated to form Northern Ontario Workforce Planning. They include: Algoma Workforce Investment Corporation (AWIC); Far Northeast Training Board (FNETB); The Labour Market Group (LMG); Northwest Training and Adjustment Board (NTAB); North Superior Workforce Planning Board (NSWPB); and Workforce Planning for Sudbury & Manitoulin (WPSM). FNETB and NSWPB are currently pilot sites for Local Employment Planning Councils (LEPC).
  • Checklist of Fishes of Thunder Bay District, Ontario

    Checklist of Fishes of Thunder Bay District, Ontario

    Thunder Bay Field Naturalists Checklist of Fish es of Thunder Bay District , Ontario 31 December 2019 Introduction This first edition of Checklist of Fishes of Thunder Bay District adds to existing checklists prepared by members of the Thunder Bay Field Naturalists (TBFN) covering other vertebrate taxa (mammals, birds, reptiles & amphibians), as well vascular plants, butterflies, and odonates. As with these other checklists, it covers the official judicial District of Thunder Bay (Figure 1). The District extends from the eastern border of Quetico Provincial Park east to White River, and from the international border north to Lake St. Joseph and the Albany River. Much of the District (60%) is within the Great Lakes watershed, with the remaining draining into the Arctic Ocean either north via the Hudson Bay Lowlands, or west via Rainy Lake/Lake of the Woods and the Nelson River watershed. Figure 1. Judicial District of Thunder Bay with primary watersheds and protected areas. 2 The fish species of the Thunder Bay District mostly reflect post-glacial colonization, modified by more recent ecological and anthropogenic influences. The Wisconsinan ice mass began to retreat north of Lake Superior circa 10,700 BP (Farrand and Drexler 1985), allowing fish to initially colonize the Thunder Bay area (Momot and Stephenson 1996). The Marquette advance circa 9900 BP likely wiped out these early colonizers, but its retreat around 9700 BP allowed many species access from glacial refugia in the Mississippi River basin to the south (Mandrak and Crossman 1992b; Stephenson and Momot 1994). Some species invaded from the east via the outlet of Lake Minong and Lake Superiors’ other post-glacial predecessors.
  • Northern Ontario Commercial Vehicle Travel Profile

    Northern Ontario Commercial Vehicle Travel Profile

    TRANSPORTATION Final Report The Preparation of a Northern Ontario Passenger and Commercial Vehicle Origin-Destination Survey Northern Ontario Commercial Vehicle Travel Profile Submitted to Ministry of Transportation, Ontario by IBI Group October 30, 2013 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................ ES.1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Study Background .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Report Purpose and Organization .................................................................... 1 1.3 Ontario Commercial Vehicle Survey Program ................................................. 2 1.4 Northern Ontario Commercial Vehicle Survey Background .......................... 2 2. Overview of Commercial Vehicle Travel ............................................. 4 2.1 Truck Traffic Levels ............................................................................................ 5 2.1 Vehicle Styles ...................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Truck Travel Origin-Destination Flows ........................................................... 12 Origin-Destination Flows by Number of Trucks 13 Origin-Destination Flows by Vehicle-Kilometres Travelled 16 Origin-Destination Flows by Commodity Value and Weight 18 2.3 Travel Origin-Destination Flows by Commodity Type .................................
  • Kenora and Rainy River Districts: Building Stone Inventory

    Kenora and Rainy River Districts: Building Stone Inventory

    THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use. Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever. Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”).
  • A Birder's Guide to the Rainy River Area of Ontario

    A Birder's Guide to the Rainy River Area of Ontario

    A BIRDER’S GUIDE TO THE RAINY RIVER AREA OF ONTARIO Introduction The area around the small community of Rainy River in extreme Northwestern Ontario presents some exciting birding opportunities. A combination of geographic location, topography, climatic conditions and land uses has resulted in definite “western” condition that is reflected in the natural history of the area. In addition, the Rainy River empties into the Lake of the Woods here and together they provide unique and interesting habitats that are very attractive to birds as breeding and migrational staging areas. And where there are birds, there are birders. A good day in the Rainy River area can be incredibly rewarding; a week or longer – unbelievable! This guide will give visitors to the area nearly all the information they may need to see the local specialities whether their stay is only for a few hours or several days. It must be kept in mind, however, their circumstance, time of day and just plain luck affect the outcome of a visit to Rainy River. Scope of the Guide Through series of maps and written descriptions, information on what to see and where to see it is provided. Assuming that most area visitors will arrive from the south and the east, information from Thunder Bay (very general) to Rainy River (very specific) will be given. Although the entire region is of considerable interest, the area around the town of Rainy River will be given the most attention. General Information 1) Weather Assume the weather will be variable, so prepare for it, particularly in the spring and in the fall.
  • Northern Ontario Passenger Vehicle Travel Profile

    Northern Ontario Passenger Vehicle Travel Profile

    TRANSPORTATION Final Report The Preparation of a Northern Ontario Passenger and Commercial Vehicle Origin-Destination Survey Northern Ontario Passenger Vehicle Travel Profile Submitted to Ministry of Transportation, Ontario by IBI Group October 30, 2013 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................ ES.1 ES. 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... ES.1 ES.1 Border Crossing Travel ................................................................................. ES.2 ES.2 Provincial Highway Travel............................................................................. ES.5 ES.4 Summary ....................................................................................................... ES.11 1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Study Background .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Report Purpose and Organization .................................................................... 1 1.3 Design and Conduct of Survey ......................................................................... 2 1.4 Northern Ontario Context .................................................................................. 6 Population Distribution 6 Provincial Highway Network 7 2. Border Crossing Survey Summary – International Travel ................ 9 2.1 Overview of Border