Other Middle Age Cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere! • The “Eastern Hemisphere” is the Eastern Half of the world. (Usually it is the right half of the world map) Other Middle Age Cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere! This is at the same time as Medieval Europe, the Middle Ages… From about 500 to 1500 a.d. (c.e.)

Western Hemisphere China Eastern Hemisphere India Europe Southeast Asia Asia Atlantic Ocean Africa Pacific Ocean North America Indian Ocean South America Mediterranean Sea Australia Sahara Desert Antarctica Timbuktu

Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere

Asia

Europe China North America Atlantic Ocean Sahara Desert India Pacific Pacific Ocean Ocean Timbuktu Africa Indian Ocean South America

Western Hemisphere China Eastern Hemisphere India Europe Southeast Asia Asia Atlantic Ocean Africa Pacific Ocean North America Indian Ocean

Antarctica South America Mediterranean Sea Australia Sahara Desert Antarctica Timbuktu

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4 10 8 3 9 2 18 16 15 6 13 5 12

___ Western Hemisphere ___ China ___ Eastern Hemisphere ___ India ___ Europe ___ Southeast Asia ___ Asia ___ Atlantic Ocean ___ Africa ___ Pacific Ocean ___ North America ___ Indian Ocean 17 ___ South America ___ Mediterranean Sea ___ Australia ___ Sahara Desert ___ Antarctica ___ Timbuktu

Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere

Asia Europe North China America Atlantic Ocean Sahara Desert Pacific India Ocean Pacific Ocean Timbuktu

South Africa Indian Ocean America

Antarctica

Europe Sahel Africa Nile River Atlantic Ocean Niger River Indian Ocean Zambezi River Mediterranean Sea Limpopo River Red Sea Arabian Peninsula Sahara Desert Timbuktu

Sahara Desert Europe

Sahara Desert Timbuktu

Sahel Africa

Atlantic Indian Ocean Ocean

Europe Sahel Zambezi River Africa Nile River Atlantic Ocean Niger River Limpopo River Indian Ocean Zambezi River Mediterranean Sea Limpopo River Red Sea Arabian Peninsula Sahara Desert Timbuktu

Sahara Desert 1 9

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___ Europe ___ Sahel ___ Africa ___ Nile River 3 ___ Atlantic Ocean ___ Niger River ___ Indian Ocean ___ Zambezi River ___ Mediterranean Sea ___ Limpopo River 10 ___ Red Sea ___ Arabian Peninsula ___ Sahara Desert ___ Timbuktu

___ Sahara Desert Europe

Sahara Desert Timbuktu

Sahel

Africa

Indian Atlantic Ocean Ocean

Zambezi River

Limpopo River

Japan Hokkaido China Honshu Korea Shikoku Russia Kyushu Pacific Ocean Edo (Tokyo) Sea of Japan Heian (Kyoto) Yellow Sea Mount Fuji

Russia

Hokkaido

China

Sea of Japan

Yellow Yellow Sea

Kyoto

Japan

Tokyo Ocean Pacific

Mount Fuji Kyushu Japan Hokkaido China Honshu Korea Shikoku Russia Kyushu Pacific Ocean Edo (Tokyo) Sea of Japan Heian (Kyoto) Yellow Sea Mount Fuji

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13 10 3 ___ Japan ___ Hokkaido ___ China ___ Honshu ___ Korea ___ Shikoku ___ Russia ___ Kyushu ___ Pacific Ocean ___ Edo (Tokyo) ___ Sea of Japan ___ Heian (Kyoto) ___ Yellow Sea ___ Mount Fuji

Russia Hokkaido

China Japan

Sea of Japan

Kyoto

Yellow Yellow Sea Tokyo

Mount Fuji

Kyushu Pacific Ocean Pacific

Other Middle Age Cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere! This is at the same time as Medieval Europe, the Middle Ages… From about 500 to 1500 a.d. (c.e.)

Trade Routes Essential Understandings

 During the medieval period, several major trading routes developed in the Eastern Hemisphere. These trading routes developed among Europe, Africa, and Asia.

Major trade patterns of the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000 to 1500 A.D. (C.E.)

 Trade has always been important

 It not only exchanges goods  It exchanges ideas  It exchanges religions  It exchanges disease Asia

 The Silk Road across Asia to the Mediterranean connected Asia to Europe and Africa

Major trade patterns of the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000 to 1500 A.D. (C.E.)

Trans-Saharan trade routes

Trans-Saharan trade routes

 Trans-Sahara means “across the Sahara Desert”) Trans-Saharan trade routes

 Trans-Sahara means “across the Sahara Desert”) Trans-Saharan trade routes

 Trans-Sahara means “across the Sahara Desert”)

 Several city empires developed across the Sahara Trans-Saharan trade routes

 Trans-Sahara means “across the Sahara Desert”)

 Several city empires developed across the Sahara

 Gold and desert salts were traded Indian Ocean

 Sea routes connected Africa, the Middle East, and India Mediterranean

 Mediterranean trade routes connected Europe to Africa and the Middle East Mediterranean

 Mediterranean trade routes connected Europe to Africa and the Middle East  This becomes very important to the development of Europe Northern & Western Europe

 Northern European sea and river trade routes connected Western Europe and the Black Sea Northern & Western Europe

 Northern European sea and river trade routes connected Western Europe and the Black Sea

 Western Europe sea and river routes connected the West to the Mediterranean Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia

 Trade routes connected China and India to Southeast Asia

The Spread of Goods, Technology, and Ideas • STANDARD WHI.10b • The student will demonstrate knowledge of civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere and their interactions through regional trade patterns by • b) identifying technological advances and transfers, networks of economic interdependence, and cultural interactions.

Essential Understandings

• Regional trade networks and long-distance trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere aided the diffusion and exchange of technology and culture among Europe, Africa, and Asia.

Goods

• Gold and salt from West Africa Goods

• Textiles from India, China, the Middle East and later, Europe Goods

• Spices came from lands around the Indian Ocean Goods

• Porcelain from China and Persia Goods

• Amber from the Baltic region in Southeastern Europe Technology • Paper came from China to the Muslim world. Then to Byzantium and Western Europe. Technology

• New Crops from India (sugar) Technology

• Waterwheels and windmills came from the Middle East Navigation

• Compass from China • Lateen sail from India Ideas

• Printing and paper money from China Ideas

• Spread of Religions – Buddhism from China to Korea and Japan – Hinduism and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia – Islam into West Africa, Central and Southeast Asia

Early Africa • STANDARD WHI.10d • The student will demonstrate knowledge of civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere and their interactions through regional trade patterns by • d) describing east African kingdoms of Axum and Zimbabwe and west African civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in terms of geography, society, economy, and religion.

Essential Understandings

• African civilizations developed in sub-Saharan west and east Africa.

• Trade brought important economic, cultural, and religious influences to African civilizations from other parts of the Eastern Hemisphere.

• States and empires flourished in Africa during the medieval period, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in west Africa, Axum in east Africa, and Zimbabwe in southeastern Africa. Geography of Africa

• Deserts cover 1/3 of land – Sahara [north] – Kalahari [south] • Both limited outside contact • Coastlines – Few harbors – Dangerous sandbars – Tricky currents

RESULT: isolation from the world

Major African Civilizations Axum Zimbabwe Ghana Mali Songhai

Kingdom of Axum (Present day Kingdom of Ethiopia)

Axum

Location

•Located in the Ethiopian highlands (mountains), •Near the Nile River and the Red Sea Religion

• Axum was a Christian kingdom • King Ezana converted (324 a.d.) • Ethiopia remains partly Christian today • AxumOther conquered the AccomplishKingdom of Kushments along the Nile Zimbabwe • Location: – Between the Zambezi Zimbabwe and Limpopo Rivers and the Indian Ocean. • Culture: – City of “Great Zimbabwe” is the capital of a prosperous empire Zimbabwe

Capital City • Capital was the city of “Great Zimbabwe” Capital City Major African Civilizations Ghana Mali Songhai

TIMELINE • There are no written records from these great kingdoms • These kingdoms used Griots. • Griots are people who memorize and recite events, families, and traditions of the village.

Ghana Ghana

• Location – Between the Niger River and the Sahara Desert • Trade – Gold – Salt Ghana

• Religions: – Animism—belief that spirits play an important role in daily life; animals and plants have spirits --Islam—monotheistic religion (one God called Allah); developed in Arabia; Prophet Muhammad; Five Pillars of Islam; Muslims MALI Mali 1240-1359 AD • Location – Near the Niger River and the Sahara Desert – Timbuktu: Capital of trade and Muslim intellectual capital • Resources – Gold – Salt – Islam

Songhai Songhai

• Location: – Between the Niger River and the Sahara Desert • Trade: – Salt – Gold

Japan in the Middle Ages

• STANDARD WHI.10c • The student will demonstrate knowledge of civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere and their interactions through regional trade patterns by • c) describing Japan, with emphasis on the impact of Shinto and Buddhist traditions and the influence of Chinese culture.

Essential Understandings

• Japanese cultural development was influenced by proximity to China.

• Shinto and Buddhism coexisted as religious traditions in the Japanese culture. Geography and Religion

• Geography – Japan has four main islands: See map – Japan is an archipelago with many mountains – Japan is in close proximity to China and Korea

Religion

• Shinto – Ethnic religion that is unique to Japan – State religion: Worshipped the emperor – Co-existed with Buddhism Religion

• Symbol:

• The “Torii” a gateway to a shinto shrine Religion

• Shrines: Religion (continued)

• Important things to Shinto: 1. Natural features- Rocks & Trees 2. Forces of Nature- Volcanoes & Storms 3. Ancestors