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507 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 D. Narayan Et Al. (Eds.), Surgical and Perioperative Management of Patients With Index A defnition of, 355 Abdominal testicle, 320 postoperative care, 356 Abdominal wall and scrotum, 318 surgical interventions, 355 Abductor pollicis longus (APL), 405 symptoms/complications, 355 Aberrant right subclavian artery, 137 types/causes, 355 Abnormalities of the spermatic cord, 322 Acute mesenteric ischemia, 166 Accessory bones Adrenals common, of foot, 420, 422 anatomy, 286 uncommon, of foot and ankle, 423 lymphatics, 287 Accessory brachial artery (ABA), 439, 440 nerves, 287 Accessory deep peroneal nerve (aDPN), vasculature, 286 429, 430 congenital anomalies, 287 Accessory fexor digitorum longus embryology, 287 (aFDL), 426 Agenesis and hypoplasia of pancreas, 245 Accessory musculotendinous Airway management structures, 425–427 for additional congenital syndromes, 73 Accessory navicular with close proximity to congenital airway anomalies, 59–61 the navicular tuberosity, 422 Apert’s syndrome, 68 Accessory nerve (CN XI), 28 Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome, 65 Accessory ossicles, 411 cleft lip and palate, 62, 63 Achalasia, 147 Crouzon’s syndrome, 68 Achondroplasia, 116 Goldenhar syndrome, 68 Acquired spinal disorders anatomy juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 64 lumbar disc herniation, 351, 353 Klippel–Feil syndrome, 70 complications, 353 laryngeal clefts, 72, 73 postoperative care, 353 laryngeal webs, 71, 72 surgical intervention, 353 laryngotracheomalacia, 61, 62 types, 353 mucopolysaccharidoses, 64 lumbar stenosis, 353 obstructive sleep apnea, 68, 69 postoperative care, 354 Pierre–Robin syndrome, 66 surgical intervention, 354 pyriform aperture stenosis, 72 symptoms/complications, 354 subglottic stenosis, 70, 71 types/causes, 354 Treacher Collins syndrome, 66 osteoporosis, 349 trisomy 21, 65 postoperative care, 351 defnition of, 57 primary, 349 diffcult airway, 59 surgical intervention, 350 endotracheal tube size selection and depth vertebral fractures, 350 insertion, 61 scoliosis general principles of, 74 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 507 D. Narayan et al. (eds.), Surgical and Perioperative Management of Patients with Anatomic Anomalies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55660-0 508 Index Airway management (cont.) Anatomical anomalies of foot and ankle endotracheal tube, 76 deformities LMA, 75, 76 amniotic band syndrome, 427, 428 pre-oxygenation, 76 clubfoot, 427 mallampati classifcation, 74 hypoplasia of lower extremity/fbular normal airway anatomy, 57–59 hemimelia, 428 pediatric vs. adult airway, 59 sirenomelia, 429 pre-operative assessment, 73, 74 syndactyly and polydactyly, 429 tracheal intubation, 74 tibial hemimelia, 428 Amniotic band syndrome, 427, 428 trisomy 21, 427 Anatomic abnormalities, 112 musculoskeletal anomalies of the foot and Anatomical anomalies ankle (see Musculoskeletal anatomical landmarks, 360, 361 anomalies of the foot and ankle) burn injuries, 42 (see Microstomia) peripheral nerve anomalies, 429–431 connective tissue disorders, 361 vascular anomalies, 432, 433 coronoid process hyperplasia, 38 Anconeus, 401 dural ectasia, 361 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) lower extremity, 366–370 inhibitors, 258 Marfan syndrome, 47, 48 Ankylosis, 37 management of, 48 Annular pancreas, 175, 194, 242–244 oral-facial manifestations of, 48 Anomalies of the urachus, 290 masticatory muscle tendon-aponeurosis Anomalies of the vas deferens, 298 hyperplasia, 39, 40 Anomalous left pulmonary artery (LPA), 139 management, 40 Anomalous muscles oral-facial manifestations of, 40 EDBM, 406 neuraxial anesthesia, 359, 361 EMP, 407 placement of, 361 extensor pollicis et indicis, 406 obesity, 46 fexor carpi radialis brevis, 399 management of, 47 palmaris profundus, 400 oral-facial manifestations of, 46 Anomalous origin of LPA from RPA, 140 oral submucous fbrosis, 38 Anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery, management, 39 138, 140 oral-facial manifestations of, 39 Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction Rett syndrome, 48, 50 (APBJ), 246, 247 management of, 50, 51 Anomalous right pulmonary artery (RPA), oral-facial manifestations of, 50 138, 139 scleroderma Anterior compartment localized, 40 anomalous muscle, 399, 400 management in operating room, 42 deep muscle, 397–399 oral-facial manifestations of, 41 intermediate muscle, 394, 396 systemic, 40 superfcial muscles, 392–394 subcutaneous emphysema, 43 Anterior infrahyoid muscles, 22 clinical signs, 43 Anterior interosseous artery (AIA), 444 etiologies of, 44 Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN), 380, 381 management of, 44 normal course, 380 occurrence of, 44 variation and pathology, 380 symptoms of, 44 Anterior mandibular space, 58 temporomandibular joint, 35 Anterior scalene muscle, 26 ankylosis, 37, 38 Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), 145 closed lock management, 36, 37 Anterior tibial artery (ATA), 432, 454 tori normal course, 454 management of, 51–53 Anterior tibial veins (ATVs), 461 oral-facial manifestations of, 51 Anterior urethra, 298 upper extremity, 362, 363, 365, 366 Anterior urethral valves, 302, 303 Index 509 Anteromedial thigh fap, 452 Bipartite tibial sesamoid, 421 Aortic arches, 125 Bismuth–Corlette classifcation of choledochal Aortic saturation, 471 cysts, 231 Aortic stenosis, 114, 115 Bladder Apert’s syndrome, 68, 429 anatomy, 288 Aphalia, 317 congenital abnormalities Aplasia cutis congenital and epidermolysis bladder agenesis, 293 bullosa, 187 bladder diverticulum, 292 Aponeurosis, 5 bladder exstrophy, 291, 292 Arachnoid mater, 6 bladder septation/duplication, 292 Arch anatomical variants megacystis, 292, 293 cervical aortic arch, 133 embryology, 289 coarctation of the aorta, 129–131 urachus, congenital abnormalities double aortic arch, 126, 127 patent urachus, 289 ductus diverticulum, 133, 135 urachal cyst and urachal sinus, hypoplastic ascending aorta, 129 289, 290 interrupted aortic arch, 131, 133 Bladder agenesis, 293 patent ductus arteriosus, 133 Bladder diverticulum, 292 right-sided aortic arch, 127, 128 Bladder exstrophy, 291, 292 Arnold’s nerve, 99 Bladder septation or duplication, 292 Arteria lusoria, 86 Bland-White-Garland syndrome, 496 Arterial supply to the spinal cord, 352 Blood supply Artery to the vas deferens, 318 brain, 8 Atrial septal defect (ASD), 470, 477, 479 esophagus, 148 Atrialization, 495 face, 11 Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), gallbladder, 171, 172 480, 481 kidneys, 254–256 Auerbach’s plexus, 150 large intestine, 165, 166 Autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD), 270 lymphatics, 257 Autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD), 270 pancreas, 175, 238, 239 rectum, 169 small intestine, 161 B stomach, 157 Bare area, 207 ureters, 261 Barrett’s esophagus, 150 urinary bladder, 263 Basilic vein (BV), 448 Bochdalek’s foramen, 275 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 65, 246 Bovine arch, 135, 136 Behçet disease, 500 Bowman’s capsule, 253, 258 Berretini anastomoses, 385 Bowman’s space, 258 Berretini and Riche-Cannieu anastomoses, 387 Brachial artery, 437 Biconcave articular disc, 35 Brachial plexus, 30 Bicuspid aortic valve, 484, 499 Brachiointerosseous artery (BIA), 442 Bifurcation, 430, 431 Brachioradial artery (BRA), 441 Bilateral inguinal hernias, 291 Brachioradialis, 402 Bilateral microdecompression, 354 Brachioulnar artery (BUA), 442 Bilateral renal agenesis, 274 Brachymetatarsia, 423, 424 Bilateral vesicoureteral refux (VUR), 284 Brain Biliary anatomy blood supply, 8 choledochal cysts brainstem, 8 anatomy and classifcation, 230, 231 cerebellum, 8 management, 231, 232 cerebrum, 7 gallbladder, anatomy of, 221, 223, 225 diencephalon, 8 intrahepatic biliary anatomy, 225, 227, 228 ventricular system, 8 portal triad and pringle maneuver, 228, 230 Brainstem, 8 510 Index Branch vessel variants partial anomalous pulmonary venous aberrant right subclavian artery, 137 return, 495 anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery, patent ductus arteriosus, 480 138, 140 pulmonary arterial hypertension, 499 bovine arch, 135 pulmonary artery aneurysm, 494 common brachiocephalic trunk, 138 pulmonary atresia, 495 thyroidea ima artery, 137 quadricuspid aortic valve, 499 Branchial cleft cyst, 108 rasmussen aneurysm, 500 Branchial complex, variations and rheumatic heart disease, 501 pathology, 106–108 Takayasu arteritis, 501 Brunner’s glands, 162 TAPVR, 495 Bruxism, 50 tetralogy of Fallot, 484 Buck’s fascia, 308 transposition of the great vessels, Bulbar urethra, 299 484, 487 Bulbourethral artery, 308 tricuspid atresia, 487 Bulbourethral/cowper’s glands, 299 truncus arteriosus, 487 Buried/concealed penis, 311, 312 ventricular septal defect, 477 Buried penis, 311 anesthetic perioperative management Burn injuries, 42 history, 473 intraoperative considerations, 475, 476 C laboratory tests and imaging, 473 Calcitonin gene-related peptide monitoring, 473, 474 (CGRP), 239 physical examination, 473 Cantlie’s line, 219 subacute endocarditis prophylaxis, 476 Carbohydrates, 163 vascular access, 474, 475 Cardiac anatomic anomalies noncardiac surgery in patients with anesthesia management and CHD, 476 vascular access regional anesthesia for, 477 atrial septal defect, 477 pathophysiology, 470 atrioventricular septal defect, 480 cardiac shunt, 470 Behçet disease, 500 mechanical and dynamic bicuspid aortic valve, 499 obstruction, 472 bland-white-garland syndrome, 496 quantifcation of shunts, 471, 472 coarctation of the aorta, 480, 482 Cardiac shunt, 470 congenital aortic stenosis, 482, 483 Carotid artery congenital pulmonary stenosis, 480 normal course, 81, 82 cor triatriatum, 498 variations and pathologies, 82, 83 dextrocardia, 491 Carotid endarterectomies (CEA), 94 DORV, 489 Carpal bipartitions, 410, 411 double-outlet left ventricle, 498 Carpal bones Ebstein’s anomaly, 495 normal anatomy,
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