DOCSLIB.ORG

Leg and Foot

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leg and Foot Dr. Sangeeta Kotrannavar Assistant Professor Dept. of Anatomy USM-KLE IMP, Belagavi Describe the blood supply and nerve supply in each compartment of leg Explain the arches of the foot and its significant State the four layers of muscles in the sole of the foot Describe the blood supply and innervation of the sole of the foot Describe the tarsal tunnel and its contents Describe the applied anatomy of the foot Tarsus-7 Metatarsus-5 (I-V) Phalanges-14 Regions of foot Plantar (sole)-part contacting ground Dorsal- part directing superiorly Heel – sole underlying calcaneus Calcaneus (Latin w. for heel) Talus (Latin w. for ankle) Cuboid Navicular Three cuneiforms Anterior view Lateral view The foot and its bones may be considered in terms of three anatomical and functional parts The hindfoot: talus and calcaneus The midfoot: navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms. The forefoot: metatarsals and phalanges. Talocalcaneanavicular joint navicular talus calcaneus Sagittal section of the foot showing talocrural and tarsal joints. (From Sobotta 2006.) There are five metatarsals in the foot, numbered I to V from medial to lateral Metatarsal I, associated with the great toe, is shortest and thickest head Each metatarsal has a head at the distal end, an elongate shaft in the middle, and a proximal base base The head of each metatarsal articulates with the proximal phalanx of a toe The base articulates with one or more of the distal group of tarsal bones The great toe (L. hallux) is also crescent-shaped called the 1st toe head The little toe (L. digitus minimus) shaft is also called the 5th toe base head Consists of a base, a shaft, and a shaft distal head base The head of each distal phalanx is non-articular and flattened into a crescent-shaped plantar tuberosity under the plantar pad at the end of the digit The bones of the foot do not lie in a horizontal plane Instead, they form Longitudinal arch Transverse arch It absorb and distribute downward forces from the body during standing and moving on different surfaces Anterior transverse arch is round shaped, formed by heads of 1-5 metatarsals, complete arch Posterior transverse arch is wedge shaped, formed by navicular, 3 cuniforms, base & shaft of metatarsals, incomplete Lateral view is formed between the posterior end of the calcaneus and the heads of the metatarsals the medial part of the longitudinal arch is highest the lateral part is lowest : Ligaments Ligaments and muscles support the arches of the foot Ligaments that support the arches include plantar aponeurosis plantar calcaneocuboidal long plantar ligaments plantar calcaneonavicular Muscles Fibularis longus, tibialis anterior, and tibialis posterior muscles, which all insert on the undersurfaces of bones on the medial side of the foot, together act as a stirrup to support the arches of the foot Fibularis longus supports mainly the lateral and transverse arches. Extensor digitorum brevis This is a small muscle situated on the lateral part of the dorsum of foot, deep to the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus Nerve Supply- Lateral terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve Extensor digitorum Actions brevis Extensor hallucis brevis - extends MTP joint of the great toe. Extensor hallucis Extensor digitorum brevis - extend MTP and brevis interphalangeal joints of the second, third and fourth toes, particularly in a dorsi-flexed foot It bind the tendons of the anterior compartment muscles The superior extensor retinaculum is a strong, broad band of deep fascia, passing from the fibula to the tibia The inferior extensor retinaculum, a Y-shaped band of deep fascia. The stem of the Y lies laterally, attached to the anterosuperior surface of the calcaneus and upper band to medial malleolus and lower bands to plantar superior & inferior aponeurosis extensor The structures passing under cover of the retinaculum extensor retinacula are muscles, nerve & artery of ant. compartment Flexor retinaculum formed by deep fascia of post. Compartment Attached between tip of the medial malleolus & medial tubercle of the calcaneum Peroneal retinaculum Superior peroneal retinaculum- It holds the peroneal tendons in place against the back of the lateral malleolus. It is attached between lateral malleolus & calcaneum Inferior peroneal retinaculum is situated anteroinferior to the lateral malleolus. Flexor Sup. & inf.peroneal retinaculum retinaculum- on the posteromedial side of the ankle a depression formed by the medial malleolus of the tibia, the medial and posterior surfaces of the talus and the medial surface of the calcaneus an overlying flexor retinaculum contains : vessels, flexor tendons and nerve The plantar fascia holds the parts of the foot together, helps protect the sole from injury, and helps support the longitudinal arches of the foot. The thick, central part plantar fascia forms the strong plantar plantar aponeurosis aponeurosis The plantar aponeurosis arises posteriorly from the calcaneus and distally divides into 5 bands & continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths From the medial and lateral margins of the aponeurosis, the lateral and medial vertical intermuscular septa pass deeply, and divide the plantar muscles into three groups—medial, intermediate, and lateral. The thinner transverse septa arise from the vertical septa and divide the muscles of the sole into four layers. Muscles in the sole of the foot are organized into 4 layers: 1) First layer - contains abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi 2) Second layer - contains quadratus plantae, lumbricals 3) Third layer – contains flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallucis 4) Fourth layer – contains dorsal interossei, plantar interossei Muscle Innervation Action Abductor Medial Abducts hallucis plantar n. great toe Flexor Flexes lateral digitroum 4 toes brevis Abductor Lateral Abducts Abductor digiti plantar n. little toe hallucis minimi Abductor digiti minimi Flexor Ab –Flexor-Ab digitorum brevis Lumbricals Muscle Innervation Action Quadratus Lateral plantar Assist flexor plantae n. digitorum longus in (flexor flexing the toes digitorum accessorium) Lumbricals 1st – medial Maintain extension of -4 plantar nerve lateral four digits at 2nd, 3rd, 4th – interphalangeal joints. lateral (toes do not buckle plantar nerve under during walking or running) Quadratus plantae Muscle Innervat Action Adductor ion hallucis Flexor Medial Flexes proximal hallucis plantar n. phalanx of 1st brevis digit at MPJ Adductor Lateral Adducts great hallucis plantar n. toe at MPJ Flexor Flexes little toe digiti at MPJ Flexor hallucis minimi Flexor brevis brevis digiti minimi Flexor –AD-Flexor brevis MPJ = Metatarsophalangeal joint Plantar Muscle Innervatio Action interossei n Plantar Lateral Adduct digits P-AD interossei plantar n. and flex (3 in no. at 3- MPJs th 5 toes) Dorsal Dorsal Abduct digits interossei D-AB interossei and flex (4 in no. at 2- MPJs 5th digit) MPJ = Metatarsophalangeal joint Anterior tibial artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Fibular artery Medial plantar artery Lateral plantar artery Fibular artery Posterior tibial artery Ant. Tibial supplies anterior compartment Branches Dorsalis pedis - Imp for artery pulsation in peripheral neuropathy Originate from popliteal artery Passes into anterior compartment through gap in superior part of interosseous membrane Descends on this membrane between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus Distributed around the anterior compartment of leg is the continuation of the anterior tibial artery begins as it crosses the ankle joint dorsalis pedis artery passes anteriorly over the dorsal aspect of the talus, navicular, and intermediate deep plantar artery cuneiform bones arcuate artery dorsal metatarsal arteries then it passes inferiorly, as the deep plantar artery, between the two heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle to join the deep plantar arch in the sole of the foot dorsal digital arteries Imp artery pulsation in peripheral neuropathy Branches Posterior tibial artery supplies posterior and lateral compartments of leg Posterior tibial artery bifurcates into a small medial plantar artery and a much larger lateral plantar artery Plantar arch is formed by the direct continuation of the lateral plantar Deep plantar arch artery, and is completed medially by the dorsalis pedis artery. lateral plantar artery Medial plantar artery lies between to third and fourth layers of the sole. Arteries in the sole of the foot. Popliteal artery It begins at the lower border of the popliteus, between the tibia and the fibula, deep to the gastrocnemius. Anterior tibial artery It enters the back of leg by passing deep to the tendinous arch of the soleus Fibular artery It terminates deep to flexor retinaculumPosterior tibial artery by dividing, into the lateral and medial plantar arteries Distribution:Posterior and lateral compartments of leg Branches The peroneal artery, Several muscular branches, Nutrient artery & anastomotic branches bifurcates into a small medial plantar artery and a much larger lateral plantar artery The fibular artery arises from the posterior tibial artery Descends in posterior compartment adjacent to posterior intermuscular septum Distributed along the posterior compartment of leg: perforating branches supply lateral compartment of leg Post comp Lat. Comp Ant. Comp The larger sciatic component Derived from the ventral branches (anterior division) of the L4 , L5 and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reconstructive
    RECONSTRUCTIVE Angiosomes of the Foot and Ankle and Clinical Implications for Limb Salvage: Reconstruction, Incisions, and Revascularization Christopher E. Attinger, Background: Ian Taylor introduced the angiosome concept, separating the M.D. body into distinct three-dimensional blocks of tissue fed by source arteries. Karen Kim Evans, M.D. Understanding the angiosomes of the foot and ankle and the interaction among Erwin Bulan, M.D. their source arteries is clinically useful in surgery of the foot and ankle, especially Peter Blume, D.P.M. in the presence of peripheral vascular disease. Paul Cooper, M.D. Methods: In 50 cadaver dissections of the lower extremity, arteries were injected Washington, D.C.; New Haven, with methyl methacrylate in different colors and dissected. Preoperatively, each Conn.; and Millburn, N.J. reconstructive patient’s vascular anatomy was routinely analyzed using a Dopp- ler instrument and the results were evaluated. Results: There are six angiosomes of the foot and ankle originating from the three main arteries and their branches to the foot and ankle. The three branches of the posterior tibial artery each supply distinct portions of the plantar foot. The two branches of the peroneal artery supply the anterolateral portion of the ankle and rear foot. The anterior tibial artery supplies the anterior ankle, and its continuation, the dorsalis pedis artery, supplies the dorsum of the foot. Blood flow to the foot and ankle is redundant, because the three major arteries feeding the foot have multiple arterial-arterial connections. By selectively performing a Doppler examination of these connections, it is possible to quickly map the existing vascular tree and the direction of flow.
    [Show full text]
  • Cadaveric Atlas for Orthoplastic Lower Limb and Foot Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Defects
    Review Article Clinics in Surgery Published: 28 Jun, 2018 Cadaveric Atlas for Orthoplastic Lower Limb and Foot Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Defects Kaitlyn L Ward1, Anthony Romano1 and Edgardo R Rodriguez-Collazo2* 1Franciscan Foot & Ankle Institute, Federal Way, WA, USA 2Presence Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA Abstract Soft tissue deficits or non-healing wounds are a common and challenging problem faced by the lower extremity reconstructive surgeon. These cases often end in proximal amputation, especially in those with co-morbidities, compromised angiosomes, or following significant trauma. This atlas provides a guide for surgeons to understand and treat soft tissue lower extremity defects and complications. We discuss basic orthoplastic reconstructive principles and patient work-up; thus, alleviating the need to refer to a plastic or microsurgical specialist. Additionally, incision placement, anatomy of perforators, axial flow and arc of rotation for flaps are shown for medial, lateral and anterior compartments of the lower leg as well as the foot. The muscular and fascio cutaneous flaps in this atlas can be used to cover almost all areas of the lower extremity from the knee distally to the digits. The purpose of this atlas is to serve as a guide for surgeons to more effectively treat these soft tissue defects without the need for amputation. Keywords: Orthoplastic; Reconstruction; Soft tissue defects; Flaps; Lower extremity Introduction and Preoperative Planning The first step in preparation for performing any flap is precise preoperative planning. Anatomic landmarks should be utilized to map out major neurovascular structures and perforating vessels. OPEN ACCESS Locations and patency of said vessels can be further confirmed with the use of Doppler ultrasound *Correspondence: and/or angiography if necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Position and Course of the Deep Plantar Arteries, with Special Reference to the So-Called Plantar Metatarsal Arteries
    Okajimas Fol. anat. jap., 48: 295-322, 1971 On the Position and Course of the Deep Plantar Arteries, with Special Reference to the So-Called Plantar Metatarsal Arteries By Takuro Murakami Department of Anatomy, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan -Received for publication, June 7, 1971- Recently, we have confirmed that, as in the hand and foot of the monkey (Koch, 1939 ; Nishi, 1943), the arterial supply of the human deep metacarpus is composed of two layers ; the superficial layer on the palmar surfaces of the interosseous muscles and the deep layer within the muscles (Murakami, 1969). In that study, we pointed out that both layers can be classified into two kinds of arteries, one descending along the boundary of the interosseous muscles over the metacarpal bone (superficial and deep palmar metacarpal arteries), and the other de- scending along the boundary of the muscles in the intermetacarpal space (superficial and deep intermetacarpal arteries). In the human foot, on the other hand, the so-called plantar meta- tarsal arteries are occasionally found deep to the plantar surfaces of the interosseous muscles in addition to their usual positions on the plantar surfaces of the muscles (Pernkopf, 1943). And they are some- times described as lying in the intermetatarsal spaces (Baum, 1904), or sometimes descending along the metatarsal bones (Edwards, 1960). These circumstances suggest the existence in the human of deep planta of the two arterial layers and of the two kinds of descending arteries. There are, however, but few studies on the courses and positions of the deep plantar arteries, especially of the so-called plantar metatarsal arteries.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcaneal Osteotomy “Safe Zone” for Avoiding Injury to the Lateral Plantar Artery: a Fresh Cadaveric Study
    Calcaneal Osteotomy “Safe Zone” for Avoiding Injury to the Lateral Plantar Artery: A Fresh Cadaveric Study Ichiro Tonogai ( [email protected] ) Tokushima Daigaku Daigakuin Health Bioscience Kenkyubu Koichi Sairyo Tokushima Daigaku Daigakuin Ishiyakugaku Kenkyubu Yoshihiro Tsuruo Tsuruo Tokushima Daigaku Daigakuin Ishiyakugaku Kenkyubu Research Keywords: Lateral plantar artery, Calcaneal osteotomy, Cadaver Posted Date: April 28th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-24544/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/8 Abstract Background Calcaneal osteotomy is used to correct hindfoot deformity. Pseudoaneurysms of the lateral plantar artery (LPA) have been reported following calcaneal osteotomy and are at risk of rupture. The vascular structures in close proximity to the calcaneal osteotomy have variable courses and branching patterns. However, there is little information on the “safe zone” during calcaneal osteotomy. This study aimed to identify the safe zone that avoids LPA injury during calcaneal osteotomy. Methods Enhanced computed tomography scans of 25 fresh cadaveric feet (13 male and 12 female specimens; mean age 79.0 years at time of death) were assessed. The specimens were injected with barium via the external iliac artery. A landmark line (line A) connecting the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneal tuberosity and the origin of the plantar fascia was drawn and the shortest perpendicular distance between the LPA and line A was measured on sagittal images. Results The average perpendicular distance between the LPA and line A at its closest point was 15.2 ± 2.9 mm. In 2 feet (8.0%), the perpendicular distance between the LPA and line A at its closest point was very short (approximately 9 mm).
    [Show full text]
  • Residency Essentials Full Curriculum Syllabus
    RESIDENCY ESSENTIALS FULL CURRICULUM SYLLABUS Please review your topic area to ensure all required sections are included in your module. You can also use this document to review the surrounding topics/sections to ensure fluidity. Click on the topic below to jump to that page. Clinical Topics • Gastrointestinal • Genitourinary • Men’s Health • Neurological • Oncology • Pain Management • Pediatrics • Vascular Arterial • Vascular Venous • Women’s Health Requisite Knowledge • Systems • Business and Law • Physician Wellness and Development • Research and Statistics Fundamental • Clinical Medicine • Intensive Care Medicine • Image-guided Interventions • Imaging and Anatomy Last revised: November 4, 2019 Gastrointestinal 1. Portal hypertension a) Pathophysiology (1) definition and normal pressures and gradients, MELD score (2) Prehepatic (a) Portal, SMV or Splenic (i) thrombosis (ii) stenosis (b) Isolated mesenteric venous hypertension (c) Arterioportal fistula (3) Sinusoidal (intrahepatic) (a) Cirrhosis (i) ETOH (ii) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (iii) Autoimmune (iv) Viral Hepatitis (v) Hemochromatosis (vi) Wilson's disease (b) Primary sclerosing cholangitis (c) Primary biliary cirrhosis (d) Schistosomiasis (e) Infiltrative liver disease (f) Drug/Toxin/Chemotherapy induced chronic liver disease (4) Post hepatic (a) Budd Chiari (Primary secondary) (b) IVC or cardiac etiology (5) Ectopic perianastomotic and stomal varices (6) Splenorenal shunt (7) Congenital portosystemic shunt (Abernethy malformation) b) Measuring portal pressure (1) Direct
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Anatomy of the Lower Extremity
    Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy Clinical anatomy of the lower extremity Teaching aid Иркутск ИГМУ 2016 УДК [617.58 + 611.728](075.8) ББК 54.578.4я73. К 49 Recommended by faculty methodological council of medical department of SBEI HE ISMU The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation as a training manual for independent work of foreign students from medical faculty, faculty of pediatrics, faculty of dentistry, protocol № 01.02.2016. Authors: G.I. Songolov - associate professor, Head of Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, PhD, MD SBEI HE ISMU The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation. O. P.Galeeva - associate professor of Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, MD, PhD SBEI HE ISMU The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation. A.A. Yudin - assistant of department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy SBEI HE ISMU The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation. S. N. Redkov – assistant of department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy SBEI HE ISMU THE Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation. Reviewers: E.V. Gvildis - head of department of foreign languages with the course of the Latin and Russian as foreign languages of SBEI HE ISMU The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation, PhD, L.V. Sorokina - associate Professor of Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation at ISMU, PhD, MD Songolov G.I K49 Clinical anatomy of lower extremity: teaching aid / Songolov G.I, Galeeva O.P, Redkov S.N, Yudin, A.A.; State budget educational institution of higher education of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation; "Irkutsk State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation Irkutsk ISMU, 2016, 45 p.
    [Show full text]
  • A STUDY of PLANTAR ARTERIAL ARCH with ITS SURGICAL PERSPECTIVE Anupama K *1, Saraswathi G 2, Shailaja Shetty 3
    International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Int J Anat Res 2016, Vol 4(2):2392-96. ISSN 2321-4287 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2016.228 A STUDY OF PLANTAR ARTERIAL ARCH WITH ITS SURGICAL PERSPECTIVE Anupama K *1, Saraswathi G 2, Shailaja Shetty 3. *1 Assistant professor, Department of Anatomy, M S Ramaiah Medical College. Bangalore, Karnataka, India. 2 Retired Professor, Department of Anatomy, J S S Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India. 3 Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, M S Ramaiah Medical College. Bangalore, Karnataka, India. ABSTRACT Introduction: In the present day scenario the advances in the field of plastic, reconstructive and microvascular surgeries of the foot has necessitated a thorough knowledge of variations in the formation and branching pattern of plantar arterial arch. The blood supply of the sole is rich and is derived from the branches of the plantar arterial arch formed by variable contributions of dorsalis pedis artery, lateral plantar artery and medial plantar artery. Materials and Methods: 50 feet of the formalin fixed adult human cadavers were dissected and studied, in the Department of anatomy, JSS Medical College, Mysore. Results: The formation of plantar arterial arch and the origin of plantar metatarsal arteries were noted. The plantar arterial arch was classified into six types based on the origin of plantar metatarsal arteries. Type A-10%, Type B- 4%, Type C- 26%, Type D- 36%, Type E- 20%, Type F- 4%. It was also classified into 3 types based on the contribution of the formative arteries. Type I – 40%, Type II – 36% and Type III – 24%.
    [Show full text]
  • Intriguing Variations of Dorsalis Pedis Artery with Clinical Correlations P
    Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology Abbreviated Key Title: Sch Int J Anat Physiol ISSN 2616-8618 (Print) |ISSN 2617-345X (Online) Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Journal homepage: https://scholarsmepub.com/sijap/ Original Research Article Intriguing Variations of Dorsalis Pedis Artery with Clinical Correlations P. J. Barot1, P. R. Koyani2* 1Tutor, Department of Anatomy, P. D. U. Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, P. D. U. Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India DOI: 10.36348/SIJAP.2019.v02i12.001 | Received: 24.11.2019 | Accepted: 04.12.2019 | Published: 06.12.2019 *Corresponding author: P. R. Koyani Abstract Objective: Dorsalis pedis artery represents the continuation of anterior tibial artery distal to level of ankle joint. The dorsalis pedis angiosome encompasses the entire dorsal aspect of foot through its branches eg. Medial tarsal, Lateral tarsal, Arcuate and 1st dorsal metatarsal arteries. Dorsalis pedis artery variation have been reported in past. Evaluation of dorsalis pedis artery pulsation is useful clinical test for assessing peripheral arterial diseases. Dorsalis pedis artery is the main source of blood supply to foot. Knowledge about origins, course, distribution and branching pattern is important for angiographers, vascular surgeons and reconstructive surgeons who operate upon these region. Method: Study of dorsalis pedis artery was done in forty dissected lower limbs of unknown sex and age from department of anatomy, PDUMC, RAJKOT. Result: In our study normal course and branching pattern of dorsalis pedis artery was found in 87.5% cases. Variation in branching pattern of dorsalis pedis artery was found in 12.5% cases.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anatomy of the Plantar Arterial Arch
    Int. J. Morphol., 33(1):36-42, 2015. The Anatomy of the Plantar Arterial Arch Anatomía del Arco Plantar Arterial A. Kalicharan*; P. Pillay*; C. Rennie* & M. R. Haffajee* KALICHARAN, A.; PILLAY, P.; RENNIE, C. & HAFFAJEE, M. R. The anatomy of the plantar arterial arch. Int. J. Morphol., 33(1):36-42, 2015. SUMMARY: The plantar arterial arch provides the dominant vascular supply to the digits of the foot, with variability in length, shape, and dominant blood supply from the contributing arteries. According to the standard definition, the plantar arterial arch is formed from the continuation of the lateral plantar artery and the anastomoses between the deep branch of dorsalis pedis artery. In this study, 40 adult feet were dissected and the plantar arch with variations in shape and arterial supply was observed. The standard description of the plantar arch was observed in 55% of the specimens with variations present in 45%. Variations in terms of shape were classified into three types: Type A (10%): plantar arterial arch formed a sharp irregular curve; type B (60%): obtuse curve; type C (3%): spiral curve. Variation in the dominant contributing artery was classified into six types: type A (25%), predominance in the deep branch of dorsalis pedis artery supplying all digits; type B (5%), predominance in the lateral plantar artery supplying digits 3 and 4; and type C (20%), predominance in the deep branch of dorsalis pedis artery supplying digits 2 to 4; type D (24%), equal dominance showed; type E (10%), predominance in the lateral plantar artery supplying digits 3 to 5; and type F (21%), predominance of all digits supplied by lateral plantar artery.
    [Show full text]
  • Product Information
    G30 Latin VASA CAPITIS et CERVICIS ORGANA INTERNA 1 V. frontalis 49 Pulmo sinister 2 V. temporalis superficialis 50 Atrium dextrum 3 A. temporalis superficialis 51 Atrium sinistrum 3 a A. maxillaris 52 Ventriculus dexter 4 A. occipitalis 53 Ventriculus sinister 5 A. supratrochlearis 54 Valva aortae 6 A. et V. angularis 55 Valva trunci pulmonalis 7 A. et V. facialis 56 Septum interventriculare 7 a A. lingualis 57 Diaphragma 9 V. retromandibularis 58 Hepar 10 V. jugularis interna 11 A. thyroidea superior VASA ORGANORUM INTERNORUM 12 A. vertebralis 59 Vv. hepaticae 13 Truncus thyrocervicalis 60 V. gastrica dextra et sinistra 14 Truncus costocervicalis 61 A. hepatica communis 15 A. suprascapularis 61 a Truncus coeliacus 16 A. et V. subclavia dextra 62 V. mesenterica superior 17 V. cava superior 63 V. cava inferior 18 A. carotis communis 64 A. et V. renalis 18 a A. carotis externa 65 A. mesenterica superior 19 Arcus aortae 66 A. et V. lienalis 20 Pars descendens aortae 67 A. gastrica sinistra 68 Pars abdominalis® aortae VASA MEMBRII SUPERIORIS 69 A. mesenterica inferior 21 A. et V. axillaris 22 V. cephalica VASA REGIONIS PELVINAE 22 a A. circumflexa humeri anterior 72 A. et V. iliaca communis 22 b A. circumflexa humeri posterior 73 A. et V. iliaca externa 23 A. thoracodorsalis 74 A. sacralis mediana 24 A. et V. brachialis 75 A. et V. iliaca interna 25 A. thoracoacromialis 26 A. subclavia sinistra VASA MEMBRI INFERIORIS 27 V. basilica 76 Ramus ascendens a. circumflexae femoris 28 A. collateralis ulnaris superior lateralis 29 A. ulnaris 77 Ramus descendens a.
    [Show full text]
  • SŁOWNIK ANATOMICZNY (ANGIELSKO–Łacinsłownik Anatomiczny (Angielsko-Łacińsko-Polski)´ SKO–POLSKI)
    ANATOMY WORDS (ENGLISH–LATIN–POLISH) SŁOWNIK ANATOMICZNY (ANGIELSKO–ŁACINSłownik anatomiczny (angielsko-łacińsko-polski)´ SKO–POLSKI) English – Je˛zyk angielski Latin – Łacina Polish – Je˛zyk polski Arteries – Te˛tnice accessory obturator artery arteria obturatoria accessoria tętnica zasłonowa dodatkowa acetabular branch ramus acetabularis gałąź panewkowa anterior basal segmental artery arteria segmentalis basalis anterior pulmonis tętnica segmentowa podstawna przednia (dextri et sinistri) płuca (prawego i lewego) anterior cecal artery arteria caecalis anterior tętnica kątnicza przednia anterior cerebral artery arteria cerebri anterior tętnica przednia mózgu anterior choroidal artery arteria choroidea anterior tętnica naczyniówkowa przednia anterior ciliary arteries arteriae ciliares anteriores tętnice rzęskowe przednie anterior circumflex humeral artery arteria circumflexa humeri anterior tętnica okalająca ramię przednia anterior communicating artery arteria communicans anterior tętnica łącząca przednia anterior conjunctival artery arteria conjunctivalis anterior tętnica spojówkowa przednia anterior ethmoidal artery arteria ethmoidalis anterior tętnica sitowa przednia anterior inferior cerebellar artery arteria anterior inferior cerebelli tętnica dolna przednia móżdżku anterior interosseous artery arteria interossea anterior tętnica międzykostna przednia anterior labial branches of deep external rami labiales anteriores arteriae pudendae gałęzie wargowe przednie tętnicy sromowej pudendal artery externae profundae zewnętrznej głębokiej
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Pedal Arteries with Duplex Scanning
    ARTIGO DE REVISÃO ISSN 1677-7301 (Online) Avaliação das artérias podais ao eco-Doppler Assessment of the pedal arteries with Duplex Scanning Luciana Akemi Takahashi1 , Graciliano José França1, Carlos Eduardo Del Valle1 , Luis Ricardo Coelho Ferreira2 Resumo A ultrassonografia vascular com Doppler é um método não invasivo útil no diagnóstico e planejamento terapêutico da doença oclusiva das artérias podais. A artéria pediosa dorsal é a continuação direta da artéria tibial anterior e tem trajeto retilíneo no dorso do pé, dirigindo-se medialmente ao primeiro espaço intermetatarsiano, onde dá origem a seus ramos terminais. A artéria tibial posterior distalmente ao maléolo medial se bifurca e dá origem às artérias plantar lateral e plantar medial. A plantar medial apresenta menor calibre e segue medialmente na planta do pé, enquanto a plantar lateral é mais calibrosa, seguindo um curso lateral na região plantar e formando o arco plantar profundo, o qual se anastomosa com a artéria pediosa dorsal através da artéria plantar profunda. A avaliação das artérias podais pode ser realizada de maneira não invasiva com exame de eco-Doppler, com adequado nível de detalhamento anatômico. Palavras-chave: ultrassonografia Doppler; artérias da tíbia; procedimentos cirúrgicos vasculares. Abstract Vascular Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive method that can help in diagnostic and therapeutic planning in case of pedal arterial obstructive disease. The dorsalis pedis artery is the direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery and follows a straight course along the dorsum of the foot, leading medially to the first intermetatarsal space, where it gives off its terminal branches. The posterior tibial artery forks distal to the medial malleolus and gives rise to the lateral plantar and medial plantar arteries.
    [Show full text]