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BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION and BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT for BIRDS, MAMMALS, AMPHIBIANS, INSECTS and PLANTS

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BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION and BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT for BIRDS, MAMMALS, AMPHIBIANS, INSECTS and PLANTS BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION and BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT for BIRDS, MAMMALS, AMPHIBIANS, INSECTS AND PLANTS Manzanita Fuels Reduction Project Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest Carson Ranger District FY2014 PREPARED BY Maureen Easton DATE 11/4/203 Maureen Easton DISTRICT WILDLIFE BIOLOGIST United States Department of Agriculture Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest Carson Ranger District INTRODUCTION This Biological Evaluation (BE) and Biological Assessment (BA) has been prepared to evaluate potential effects of Manzanita Fuels Reduction project on plants and animals designated as sensitive by the 1995 United States Forest Service Region 4 Sensitive Species List (USDA 1995, updated 2010) and those listed as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The BE portion specifically addresses whether the project may result in a loss of viability of Forest sensitive species or cause a sensitive species to trend toward federal listing. The BA portion of this document has been prepared to document analysis of the potential direct and indirect effects of the proposed project on federally listed threatened, endangered, proposed, and candidate species known or expected to occur within the project area. This BE/BA was prepared in accordance with Forest Service Manual (FSM) direction 2672.42 and meets legal requirements set forth under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, and implementing regulations [19 U.S.C. 1536 (c, 50 CFR 402.12 (f) and 402.14 (c)]. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT The primary purpose for this project is to remove dense brush and other understory vegetation that is currently acting as a ladder fuel to larger mature trees and trees planted along Highway 88 after the Acorn Fire. Treating the understory brush will reduce the risk of a high intensity fire and the subsequent loss of more trees. There is also a need to thin brush outside of the conifers to interrupt continuous brush and help slow the rate of spread and intensity of a potential wildfire. The treatments will help reduce the risk of a wildland fire and reduce the risk to firefighters, increase defensible space near structures, and increase the survivability of conifer stands. Proposed treatments are intended to reduce the risk of a stand replacing wildland fire and improve forest health. Mechanized equipment including masticators, hand crews and prescribed fire will be utilized to implement treatments. Hand Thinning: Hand thinning of brush and small conifer trees will occur in designated high fuel loading areas located within the 700 acre project area. While all 700 acres will not be treated, selected treatment areas within the project area will help reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfire. Brush and small trees (less than 8 inches) will be thinned from under power poles and power lines in the Woodfords Canyon area of the project. Brush growing in the tree wells of plantation trees would be thinned. This will allow additional growing space, nutrients and water for the residual trees, increasing growth and vigor in the plantations. No trees greater than 8” dbh will be cut in the project site unless they pose a risk to safety or are posing a fire risk to other healthier trees in the area. Mastication: Mastication of brush will occur on approximately 49 acres within the Mesa area of the project. Mastication will occur on slopes less than 30 percent slopes. Within 100 feet of private property boundaries, a fuelbreak will be created by reducing brush cover from 60 to 80 percent. Beyond the 100 feet, interior portions of parcels will be treated less intensely (between 30 to 60 % reduction), leaving a mosaic pattern of brush Plantations: Plantation trees would be hand thinned, with spacing varied between the trees, but retaining an average of 110 trees per acre. The healthier, more vigorous trees and trees with no obvious signs of damage of disease would be a priority for retention. As mentioned above, any shrubs occurring within the drip-line of the tree would be removed. Trees, slash, and shrubs would be severed at the base and piled and burned at a later date. This treatment would occur where trees were successful after planting Manzanita Fuels Reduction Project 2 and are in need of thinning. There are approximately 120 acres of plantation with some of those acres with little to no trees that survived after planting. Pruning and/or removal of heavily-mistletoe infected trees: Branches with heavy mistletoe infections would be pruned. In areas with heavy recreational use such as Crystal Spring Campground, if branches cannot be pruned, the trees would be fell and removed. Prescribed Fire: Prescribed fire activities will consist of pile burning individual piles generated from hand thinning activities. Pile burning could potentially occur in individual areas within the 654 acre project area. Pile burning will take place only when moisture is present in the project site such as in the form of snow and or rain. Where feasible and access allows, a closed, self-contained burning container called an Air Curtain Burner may be used in place of pile burning. Air Curtain Burners, also called Fire Boxes, were designed principally as a pollution control device. The primary objective of an air curtain machine is to reduce the particulate matter (PM) or smoke, which results from burning forest slash. Maintenance: Maintenance will include the use hand cutting and piling, mastication, chipping and pile burning. Maintenance activities will begin one year after initial treatments and will continue for up to 10 years to maintain reduced fuel loadings in the treatment areas. DESIGN FEATURES Conifer Thinning To reduce pine engraver (Ips pini) related mortality in residual trees, project activities such as thinning plantation pine trees or other individual, small diameter pine trees will only occur between August 1st and December 31st. Boles and slash greater than 5” diameter shall be removed or severed into pieces no greater than 4 feet in length. Noxious and Invasive Weeds Wash all contract equipment and vehicles prior to entering project area to remove all mud, dirt, and plant material. Minimize ground disturbance in areas where cheatgrass is currently present and use hand- thinning methods in these areas if feasible. Monitor project area post treatment for new weed infestations. Apply EDRR (Early Detection Rapid Response) strategy to quickly control and/ or eradicate new infestations. Wildlife Maintain all snags (dead trees) greater than 8 inches diameter within the project area unless they are considered a hazard to human safety. Large woody debris will be retained, at least 3 pieces per acre, greater than 12” dbh or the largest available. Project activities will not occur from April 15th through August 1st in riparian and aspen areas to minimize disturbance to migratory birds during the breeding season. Rare Plants Prior to conducting mastication, surveys will be conducted to determine presence of the Carson Valley Monkeyflower (Erythranthe carsonensis). Although this plant is currently Manzanita Fuels Reduction Project 3 not designated as Forest Service Sensitive, the plant is considered a rare endemic to the Carson Valley and is likely to be listed as a Nevada State Watchlist species. Surveys should be conducted in late spring, very early summer (May and June depending on the year) in the same year treatment is scheduled to occur. All known locations of the plant and approximately 100 feet around the plants, will be flagged and avoided during treatments. To avoid potential impacts to Shevock’s bristle-moss, prescribed burning will not occur within 30 feet of all granitic rocks five feet in dimension or larger to prevent scorching and/or overheating. During pile burning, shrubs adjacent to the granitic rock outcrops may be removed by hand and burned away from the outcrop feature. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA The project area includes approximately 700 acres and is located along the east slope of the Carson Range at 5,500 feet elevation near the community of Woodfords,in Alpine County, California (T11N R19E Sections 13, 23, 33, 34 and T10N R19E section 1). The majority of the project area occurs within the lower portions of Woodfords Canyon on the south and north sides of Highway 88. The south side of the project area lies between the West Fork of the Carson River and Highway 88 and is bounded to the east and west by mostly private property and residential areas. Vegetation includes patches of bitterbrush, sagebrush, manzanita, tobacco brush, and other chaparral species. Scattered conifers occur along the river’s edge as well as dense riparian vegetation. Conifers are relatively small in diameter (8-10 inches) with the exception of some stringers of larger conifers found primarily on adjacent private property. The north side of the highway occurs on a south facing slope and includes very rocky terrain with little overstory vegetation. This area also includes a small conifer plantation that contains pockets of ceonothus and manzanita growing in the understory. Approximately 49 acres of the project area occurs out of Woodfords Canyon and in the Mesa area. This area contains primarily dense stands of bitterbrush and sagebrush and is located immediately adjacent to private residences. CURRENT MANAGEMENT DIRECTION Current management direction on desired future conditions for Sensitive, Threatened and Endangered species on the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest can be found in the following documents, filed at the Carson Ranger District: -Forest Service Manual and Handbooks (FSM/H 2670) -National Forest Management Act (NFMA) -Endangered Species Act (ESA) -National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) -Toiyabe National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) -Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment 2001, 2004 -Intermountain Region (R4) Sensitive Species List CONSULTATION TO DATE Informal consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is currently in progress. A preliminary review of species with potential to occur in the project area was conducted using the Manzanita Fuels Reduction Project 4 FWS online consultation program IPAC (http://www.fws.gov/ipac/).
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