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Militärhistoriska Museer
Gotlands Militärhistoriska Museer Albatrossmuseet Ön Enholmen Gotlands Försvarsmuseum Lärbro Krigssjukhus museum GMM Gotlands Militärhistoriska Museer TINGSTÄDE FÄSTNING Gotska Sandön MUSEIRUNDAN Gotlands militärhistoria från 1300-talet och fram till våra dagar finns bevarat i de fem museer, som samlats under namnet Gotlands Militärhistoriska Museer, GMM. 1. Albatrossmuseet är Fårö uppbyggt kring föremål, bilder och historier kring det tyska fartyget SMS Albatross, som 2 Fårösund juli 1915 anfölls av en rysk eskader 148 och sökte skydd söder om Östergarn. 149 ❹ De överlevande internerades på 149 Lärbro Gotland till 1917. Visning av museet enligt ❺ överenskommelse. Tingstäde ❷ ❸ Slite 0498-523 07, www.albatrossmuseet.se 147 148 2. Ön Enholmen skildrar Gotlands roll som utpost Visby i den svenska försvarshistorien. Olika byggnader speglar försvar mot såväl ryssar som kolera och risk 142 143 för två världskrig. Under sommaren går båttrafik 146 140 ut till Enholmen, som också har gott om bra natur- Roma stigar att vandra på. [email protected], www.karlsvärds.se Katthammarsvik❶ 3. Gotlands Försvarsmuseum ger en omfat- 143 tande bild av armé, flyg och marin verksamhet Klintehamn 142 Ljugarn på Gotland, från forntid till våra dagar. 144 Museet finns i åtta byggnader på två separata platser i 141 Tingstäde. I museet finns café, restaurang och butik. För 140 barnen finns lekplats utomhus. Hemse [email protected], www.gotlandsforsvarsmuseum.se 4. Lärbro Krigssjukhus uppfördes 1939 och upphörde i maj 1946. Under krigsåren vårdades här militära och civila svenskar, baltflyk- 142 tingar, tyska soldater och flera hundra offer från koncentrationslägren. På kyrkogården finns 45 internationella krigsgravar, varav nio är judis- Burgsvik ka. 0498-22 50 30, [email protected], www.hembygd.se/larbro 5. -
Defence Policy and the Armed Forces During the Pandemic Herunterladen
1 2 3 2020, Toms Rostoks and Guna Gavrilko In cooperation with the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung With articles by: Thierry Tardy, Michael Jonsson, Dominic Vogel, Elisabeth Braw, Piotr Szyman- ski, Robin Allers, Paal Sigurd Hilde, Jeppe Trautner, Henri Vanhanen and Kalev Stoicesku Language editing: Uldis Brūns Cover design and layout: Ieva Stūre Printed by Jelgavas tipogrāfija Cover photo: Armīns Janiks All rights reserved © Toms Rostoks and Guna Gavrilko © Authors of the articles © Armīns Janiks © Ieva Stūre © Uldis Brūns ISBN 978-9984-9161-8-7 4 Contents Introduction 7 NATO 34 United Kingdom 49 Denmark 62 Germany 80 Poland 95 Latvia 112 Estonia 130 Finland 144 Sweden 160 Norway 173 5 Toms Rostoks is a senior researcher at the Centre for Security and Strategic Research at the National Defence Academy of Latvia. He is also associate professor at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Univer- sity of Latvia. 6 Introduction Toms Rostoks Defence spending was already on the increase in most NATO and EU member states by early 2020, when the coronavirus epi- demic arrived. Most European countries imposed harsh physical distancing measures to save lives, and an economic downturn then ensued. As the countries of Europe and North America were cau- tiously trying to open up their economies in May 2020, there were questions about the short-term and long-term impact of the coro- navirus pandemic, the most important being whether the spread of the virus would intensify after the summer. With the number of Covid-19 cases rapidly increasing in September and October and with no vaccine available yet, governments in Europe began to impose stricter regulations to slow the spread of the virus. -
P E R C E P T IO NS of GERMANY B a L T IC SEA RE GION Andris Sprūds Elizabete Vizgunova I N the SEC U R IT Y O F T
PERCEPTIONS OF GERMANY IN THE SECURITY OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION SEA OF GERMANY IN THE SECURITY BALTIC PERCEPTIONS e Latvian Institute of International Aairs is the oldest Latvian G E R M think tank that specializes in foreign and security policy analysis. It is an O F A N S Y independent research institute that conducts research, develops N publications and organizes public lectures and conferences related to I O global aairs and Latvia's international role and policies. T P E C R www.liia.lv E P I N T H E S Konrad-Adenauer-Stiung (KAS) is a German political foundation E named aer the rst Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. C His name is synonymous with the rm alignment of foreign policy with U the transatlantic community of values and the vision of a unied R Europe. I T Y With more than 80 oces abroad and projects in 120 states, G I O N KAS actively promotes the values of freedom, justice and solidarity E R O around the globe. e Nordic Countries Project of KAS based in A Riga/Latvia strengthens the ties between Germany and the Nordic E F S Countries by promoting political dialogue, organizing political confer- C ences and further improvement of cooperation with ink Tanks, I T non-governmental organizations and the civil society. T H L A E B www.kas.de EDITORS Andris Sprūds Elizabete Vizgunova PERCEPTIONS OF GERMANY IN THE SECURITY OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION EDITORS Andris Sprūds Elizabete Vizgunova PERCEPTIONS OF GERMANY IN THE SECURITY OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION EDITORS Andris Sprūds Elizabete Vizgunova Supported by: The book project ‘Perceptions of Germany in the Security of the Baltic Sea Region’ assembles the contributions from Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Germany. -
Photovoltaic Power Potential on Gotland: a Comparison with Load, Wind Power and Power Export Possibilities
Master thesis in Sustainable Development 302 Examensarbete i Hållbar utveckling Photovoltaic power potential on Gotland: A comparison with load, wind power and power export possibilities Emil Zaar DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES INSTITUTIONEN FÖR GEOVETENSKAPER Master thesis in Sustainable Development 302 Examensarbete i Hållbar utveckling Photovoltaic power potential on Gotland: A comparison with load, wind power and power export possibilities Emil Zaar Supervisor: Rasmus Luthander Evaluator: Joakim Munkhammar Copyright © Emil Zaar and the Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University Published at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University (www.geo.uu.se), Uppsala, 2016 Content 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Aims and objectives ........................................................................................................ 2 1.1.1. Research Questions .................................................................................................. 2 1.2. Background ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1. Environmental goals and Future scenarios ............................................................... 6 1.3. Sustainable development and research mode .................................................................. 7 1.3.1. Previous Photovoltaic power potential studies on Gotland ..................................... -
Tendencies in Gotland's History-Writing, 1850–2010
In the shadow of the Middle Ages? Tendencies in Gotland’s history-writing, 1850–2010 Samuel Edquist Previous research on history-writing and other forms of the use of history has so far to a large extent analysed national and ethnic identities and their formation through narratives of the past.1 Other territorial identity projects have been less studied, relatively speaking. Still, the importance of the past is just as obvious in local, regional, and supranational identity projects.2 The latter have largely used similar mechanisms as those used in the nationalist projects, at least on the discursive level. Not only do geographical and contemporary cultural aspects delineate the regional ‘us’, but, more than that, do so by telling and retelling a common narrative about the past. ‘We’ have always lived here, ‘we’ have shared a common destiny down the centuries. In this study, I will analyse regional identity construction on Gotland. Gotland is the largest of all the Baltic islands, with a population of some 57,000 and a land area of 3,000 km2. It is one of Sweden’s twenty-five historical provinces (landskap), and constitutes a separate county (län). The province of Gotland also includes some smaller islands. The only inhabited one is Fårö, a separate parish at Gotland’s north-eastern edge, with some 550 inhabitants and a land area of 114 km2. Some of the uninhabited islands—Gotska Sandön, Stora Karlsö, and Lilla Karlsö—have nevertheless played a role in regional topography and history-writing, thanks to their distinctive landscape and as somewhat exotic places where historical events of the more curious and thrilling kind have taken place.3 1 Among numerous examples, see, for example, T. -
In the Forge of Stalin of Forge the in Kotljarchuk AUS Andrej Gammalsvenskby Is the Only Swedish Settlement to the East from Finland, Founded in 1782
AUS AndrejAUS Kotljarchuk In the Forge of Stalin Gammalsvenskby is the only Swedish settlement to the east from Finland, founded in 1782. In the past of Gammalsvenskby the history of the Soviet Union, Sweden, Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis the international communist movement and Nazi Germany combined in a bizar- Stockholms Studies In History, 100 re form. And even when the ploughmen of the Kherson steppes did not left their native village, the great powers themselves visited them with the intention to rule forever. The history of colony is viewed through the prism of the theory of “forced normalization” and the concept of “changes of collective identity“. The author intends to study the techniques of forced normalization and the strategy of the In the Forge of Stalin collective resistance. Swedish Colonists of Ukraine in Totalitarian Experiments Andrej Kotljarchuk is an associate professor in history, working as a university of the Twentieth Century lecturer at the Department of History, Stockholm University; and as a senior rese- archer at the School of Historical and Contemporary Studies, Södertörn University. His research focuses on ethnic minorities and role of experts’ communities, mass Andrej Kotljarchuk Stockholm 2014 violence and the politics of memory. His recent publications include the book chap- ters “The Nordic Threat: Soviet Ethnic Cleansing on the Kola Peninsula” (2014), “The Memory of Roma Holocaust in Ukraine: Mass Graves, Memory Work and the Politics of Commemoration” (2014); as well as the articles “World War II Memory Politics: Jewish, Polish and Roma Minorities of Belarus”, in Journal of Belarusian Studies (2013) and “Kola Sami in the Stalinist terror: a quantitative analysis”, in Journal of Northern Studies (2012). -
Current Trends in the International Arms Trade and Implications for Sweden
Current trends in the international arms trade and implications for Sweden MARK BROMLEY AND SIEMON WEZEMAN October 2013 ii SIPRI Contents Introduction 1 Box 1. The SIPRI Arms Transfers Database 2 I. Major arms suppliers and recipients 3 Global trends in arms transfers 3 Figure 1. Trend in global transfers of major conventional weapons, 1980–2012 3 Major suppliers 3 Figure 2 The top 2 and top 5 arms exporters’ share of global arms transfers 4 Figure 3. Market share of the top 5 arms exporters, 2003–2007 and 2008–12 5 Major recipients 5 Figure 4. Market share of the top 5 arms importers, 2003–12 6 Figure 5. Change in arms imports, by region, 2003–12 6 II. An overview of Sweden’s arms industry and arms exports 7 Post-World War II developments in Swedish arms production and procurement 7 Sweden’s most significant arms producers 9 Table 1. Main Swedish arms producing companies 10 III. Swedish arms exports 11 Recent trends in Swedish arms exports 11 Table 2. Swedish exports of major weapons, ranking and share of total, 5-year periods 1978– 2012 11 Figure 6. Volume of Swedish exports of major conventional weapons, 1980–2012 12 Figure 7. Changes in the volume of Swedish exports of major conventional weapons compared to global change, 1993–2012 13 Figure 8. Value of Swedish arms exports and arms export licences, 1983–2012 13 Figure 9. Value of Swedish arms exports as share of total Swedish exports, 1983–2012 14 Table 3. Recipients of Swedish major conventional weapons, 2003–12 15 Figure 10. -
Electric Cars for Balancing Variable Power on Gotland Cumulative Potential and Participant Incentives
CODEN:LUTEDX/(TEIE-5420)/1- 82/(2019) Electric Cars for Balancing Variable Power on Gotland Cumulative Potential and Participant Incentives Automation and Engineering Electrical Hampus Mårtensson Industrial Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Faculty of Engineering, Lund University Electric Cars for Balancing Variable Power on Gotland Cumulative Potential and Participant Incentives Author: Hampus Mårtensson Supervisors: Daniel Kulin (Power Circle), Francisco J. Márquez-Fernández (IEA) Examiner: Olof Samuelsson (IEA) Faculty of Engineering, LTH Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Box 118, 221 00 Lund Sweden www.iea.lth.se Last modified: 2019-04-10 Abstract The share of renewable power grows in the generation mix, wielding promises of substituting traditional CO2-intensive power production. In combination with the trend towards electrification of transport, opportunities are emerging to use electric vehicles for balancing the variability of the renewable power sources. This master thesis explores the potential for such balancing techniques, often referred to as smart charging (SC) or vehicle-to-grid (V2G), on the Swedish island of Gotland. For this purpose, a self-developed model is used, built to reflect the transport and power system on the island. The systems are simulated on minute scale during a year on Gotland. It is also examined, by means of a literature study, whether economic incentives and associated modes of participation encountered in scientific research are aligned with the driving forces and concerns of potential participants. The limited transmission capabilities between Gotland and the mainland together with the large generation of wind power on the island has resulted in the local energy company disallowing further installations of variable power. -
Nuclear, Missile Space Digest
1 Nuclear, MissileNuclear, Missile & Space Digest & Space Digest Volume 11, Number 14 A Fortnightly Newsletter from the Indian Pugwash Society July 31, 2019 Convener (Interim) Contents A. India Amb. Sujan R. Chinoy Upgrading obsolete Technology in Aircrafts New Atomic Power Plants Additional nuclear reactors at Kudankulam Space Technology Space Missions Electricity generation through atomic energy Nuclear Plant Expansion Programme Executive Council Rs 16,925 crore BE for Department of Atomic Energy in General Budget 2019- 20 Cdr. (Dr.) Probal K. Ghosh New Space India Ltd. incorporated as a new commercial arm of D/o Space: Air Marshal S. G. Inamdar Finance Minister Company to spearhead commercialization of various space (Retd.) products Dr. Roshan Khanijo Space Station and Manned Space Mission Amb. R. Rajagopalan Nuclear Insurance Pool Creation of Gaganyaan National Advisory Council Dr. Rajesh Rajagopalan Setting up of Neutrino Observatory Shri Dinesh Kumar Expect a friend to order oil': Iranian envoy messages India on US sanctions Yadvendra Budget 2019: Atomic energy department sees marginal dip in allocation; customs duty cut on nuclear fuel India's NSG hopes dashed by China yet again; Beijing continues its veto despite Modi-Xi bonhomie India Says First US Nuclear Reactor Proposed in 2008 Still Work 'in Progress' Team Modi Seeks Bids For 6 New Submarines. $6.6 Billion At Stake Budget 2019: Optimising the Defence budget and the need for organisational reform India, Russia hold talks to boost space cooperation India's Hypersonic Missiles Are a Major Threat to Pakistan Indian Pugwash Society No.1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Near USI , Delhi-110010 Tel. -
Garrison Towns in the Baltic Sea Area
essay feature interview reviews 27 GARRISON TOWNS IN THE BALTIC SE A ARE A BY BEATE FELDMANN Islands are symbols of both pleasure and danger. land that would have belonged to the Balto-German ven them urban values and ways of life. What, then, is Their function in surveillance and defense has influ- Baron von Buxhoevden. Dranske is on the northern a garrison town, and what kind of infrastructure can enced people’s daily lives for decades. The historian part of Rügen, and has a history both as a center of fish- be called “military”? According to ethnologist Aida John Gillis has illuminated how Alcatraz and Robben ing and as a military base. After having been, during Hachaturyan-Kisilenko, this specific type of town or Island, two of the best-known examples of historically the First World War, a fishing village with only a minor municipal construction includes guarded border areas controversial island landscapes, have been transfor- military presence, a “garden city” for German military around a military base with residential blocks, schools, med into attractive sites to visit and explore. I, myself, personnel and their families was built between 1936 daycare centers, commercial activities, and some kind have chosen to focus on some arenas connected with and 1941. In the 1960s, the garrison town was once of hospital or smaller healthcare center near the base. threats and unease in the Baltic Sea area — Gotland, again transformed, when the East German Nationale The Soviet garrison town from between 1950 and 1980, Rügen, and Saaremaa. Large areas of land on these Volksarmee built a large number of homes for both the she writes, islands were cordoned off for long periods because army families and civilian inhabitants. -
Integrated Coastal Zone Planning and Management in the Baltic Region a Gis-Model Developed in Gotland
County administrative board of Gotland INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN THE BALTIC REGION A GIS-model developed in Gotland INCLUDED IN NATURESHIP REPORT SERIES Gotlanti englanti.indd 3 21.11.2012 11:41:15 Report nr: 2012:11 Published: 2012 TITLE: Integrated planning and management in the Baltic Sea Region - a GIS-model elaborated in Gotland COVER PICTURE: Lars Vallin, Högklint Gotland AUTHOR: Susanne Appelqvist, biology and GIS Marie-Louise Hellqvist, cultural environment Urban Pettersson, seawater questions Josefin Walldén, general discriptions All in County Administrative Board in Gotland PHOTO AND MAPS: See each picture GRAPHIC DESIGN: Urikka Lipasti, ELY, Turku, and Lena Hultberg, County Administrative Board in Gotland EDITOR: County Administrative Board in Gotland PRINTING HOUSE: County Administrative Board in Gotland, Visby This publication is also published in a digital version at County Administrative Board in Gotland´s web page www.lansstyrelsen.se/gotland/ or at Naturships webbpage www.ymparisto.fi/naturship Preface This publication is a product of the Natureship project land, Sweden and Estonia. Within the project, coastal (2009–2013), co-ordinated by the Centre for Economic planning, is implemented in accordance with sustainable Development, Transport and the Environment in the development and, together with other parties, the pro- Southwest of Finland. Natureship is an international pro- ject attempts to find cost-effective solutions which benefit ject with partners in Estonia, Finland and Sweden. The water protection and biodiversity. The Estonian, Finnish project is financed by the Central Baltic Interreg IV A Pro- and Swedish project partners are testing different plan- gramme together with national financiers. -
Annual and Sustainability Report 2020 This Is Saab
Keeping people and society safe ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2020 THIS IS SAAB This is Saab Since Saab was started, we have strived to keep people and society safe. It is a basic human need to feel safe and, as we see it, a human right. Through systems and solutions that increase security, we can make this possible. Today, we serve the global market with world-leading products, services and solutions from military defence to civil security. With operations in most continents, Saab continuously develops, adapts and improves new technology to meet customers’ changing needs. 1 Why we are here? Saab was founded over 80 years ago 2 after the Swedish government’s assess- Mission ment that it needed help in expanding Saab’s mission is to the country’s defence industry’s capa- develop innovative, bilities to protect its people. high-tech and cost- Read more on page 7 efficient military systems to keep society and people safe. 3 Sustainability and values Saab’s core values and sustainability commitments are the foundation of the entire business. By acting ethically and taking responsibility for people and the Strategy environment, we earn the trust of our Saab’s strategy is based on stakeholders. market factors in combina- tion with our innovation capa- Read more on page 60 bilities. By executing on our strategy we can reach our mission and work towards 4 our vision as well as creating greater value. Read more on pages 8-9 CEO comments on 2020 Saab’s investment story Business cases showing Read more about the Saab is a growth company in a growing how we execute in core areas achievements and how Saab market.