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17 Numarali Kirim Şer'iyye Sicili (H. 1084-1085/M. 1673-1674)

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17 Numarali Kirim Şer'iyye Sicili (H. 1084-1085/M. 1673-1674) T.C. SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ 17 NUMARALI KIRIM ŞER’İYYE SİCİLİ (H. 1084-1085/M. 1673-1674) TRANSKRİPSİYONU VE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Şahin KILINÇ Enstitü Anabilim Dalı : Tarih Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Yeniçağ Anabilim Dalı Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Yücel ÖZTÜRK ARALIK – 2019 ÖNSÖZ Osmanlı Devleti’ne bağlı olan Kırım Hanlığı’nın en önemli yerel kaynaklarından birisi şer’iyye sicilleridir. Bölge halkı hakkında bilgi vermesi, ekonomik unsurları aydınlatması, idari, hukuki, etnik, dini ve mimari vb. alanlarda bilgileri muhtevasında barındırması kaynağı özel kılan unsurlardır. Çalışmamız da Kırım şer’iyye sicillerinden bir yıllık dönemi içeren 17 numaralı (H. 1084-1085/M.1673-1674) defterin transkripsiyonu ve değerlendirilmesi üzerinedir. Tez konusunun belirlenmesi, kaynağın temin edilmesi ve yazılma sürecinde ortaya çıkan birçok sorunda desteğini ve yardımlarını esirgemeyen danışman hocam Prof. Dr. Yücel ÖZTÜRK’e teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Lisans döneminde derslerinde bulunma şerefine nâil olduğum ve akademik anlamda gelişmeme katkıda bulunan hocam Prof. Dr. Mehmet ALPARGU’ya şükranlarımı iletiyorum. Çalışma süresince desteklerini ve yardımlarını hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Fırat YAŞA ve Sema AKTAŞ SARI’ya teşekkür etmeyi kendime borç bilirim. Son olarak Eğitim hayatımda desteklerini ve inançlarını esirgemeyen aileme ve dostlarıma büyük bir zevkle teşekkür ediyorum. Şahin KILINÇ 24/12/2019 İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER ................................................................................................................ i KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................................... iv TABLOLAR LİSTESİ ................................................................................................... v ÖZET .............................................................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. vii GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BÖLÜM 1: BELGELERİN TANITIMI ....................................................................... 5 BÖLÜM 2: KIRIM HANLIĞI’NIN COĞRAFYASI VE TARİHİ ......................... 12 2.1. Kırım’ın Coğrafyası ................................................................................................. 12 2.2. Kırım Hanlığı’nın Tarihi ......................................................................................... 13 2.2.1. Altınordu’nun Kuruluşu ve Parçalanması Sonrasında Oluşan Durum.......... 13 2.2.2. Kırım Hanlığı’nın Kuruluşu ve Osmanlı Himayesine Girişi ........................ 15 2.2.3. XVI. Yüzyılda Kırım Hanlığı’nın Siyasi Tarihi ........................................... 19 2.2.4. XVII. Yüzyılda Kırım Hanlığı’nın Siyasi Tarihi .......................................... 24 2.2.5. XVIII. Yüzyılda Kırım Hanlığı’nın Siyasi Tarihi ve Rusya Tarafından İlhak Edilmesi ......................................................................................................... 27 BÖLÜM 3: 17 NUMARALI KIRIM ŞER’İYYE SİCİLİNE ( H.1084-1085/ M. 1673-1674) GÖRE KIRIM’DA İDARİ YAPILANMA ............................................. 31 3.1. Kazalar ..................................................................................................................... 31 3.2. Kasabalar ................................................................................................................. 32 3.3. Köyler ...................................................................................................................... 33 3.4. Mahalleler ................................................................................................................ 35 3.5. Coğrafi Mevki, Cami ve Mescit .............................................................................. 36 BÖLÜM 4: 17 NUMARALI KIRIM ŞER’İYYE SİCİLİNE ( H.1084-1085/ M. 1673-1674) GÖRE KIRIM’DA ETNİK VE SOSYAL YAPI ................................... 38 4.1. Etnik Yapı ................................................................................................................ 38 4.1.1. Tatarlar .......................................................................................................... 38 i 4.1.2. Çerkesler........................................................................................................ 39 4.1.3. Kıptiler .......................................................................................................... 40 4.1.4. Acemler ......................................................................................................... 40 4.1.5. Yahudiler ....................................................................................................... 41 4.1.6. Ermeniler ....................................................................................................... 42 4.2. Suç ve Suçlu ............................................................................................................ 44 4.2.1. Darp ve Şiddet ............................................................................................... 45 4.2.2. Hırsızlık ......................................................................................................... 47 4.2.3. Hakaret ve Sövme ......................................................................................... 48 4.2.4. Mal-Mülk Zapt Etme ..................................................................................... 49 4.2.5. Dolandırıcılık ................................................................................................ 50 4.3. Aile .......................................................................................................................... 51 4.3.1. Evlilik ............................................................................................................ 52 4.3.2. Boşanma ........................................................................................................ 54 4.3.3. Nafaka ........................................................................................................... 56 4.3.4. Miras.............................................................................................................. 58 4.3.5. Vekâlet Etme ................................................................................................. 61 4.4. Köleliğin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Boyutları ................................................................ 62 4.4.1. Köle Tasvirleri............................................................................................... 63 4.4.2. Köle Ticareti ve Maddi Değeri...................................................................... 64 4.4.3. Kaçak Köle .................................................................................................... 66 4.4.4. Köle Azat Etme Yöntemleri .......................................................................... 67 4.5. Unvanlar ve Lakaplar .............................................................................................. 70 BÖLÜM 5: 17 NUMARALI KIRIM ŞER’İYYE SİCİLİNE ( H.1084-1085/ M. 1673-1674) GÖRE KIRIM’IN EKONOMİK YAPISI .............................................. 71 5.1. Para .......................................................................................................................... 71 5.2. Ölçü Birimleri .......................................................................................................... 72 5.3. Tarımcılık ve Tarım Alanları ................................................................................... 74 5.4. Hayvancılık ve Hayvan Türleri ............................................................................... 77 5.5. Meslekler ................................................................................................................. 80 5.6. Alım-Satım .............................................................................................................. 82 5.6.1. Ev Satışları .................................................................................................... 82 ii 5.6.2. Tarım Alanı Satışı ......................................................................................... 83 5.6.3. Dükkân Satışı ................................................................................................ 84 5.6.4. Diğer Ürünlerin Ticareti ................................................................................ 85 5.7. Alacak-Verecek ....................................................................................................... 86 5.7.1. Kefil Olma ..................................................................................................... 87 5.7.2. Rehin Verme ................................................................................................. 88 5.7.3. Borcu Vade Etme .......................................................................................... 89 5.8. Maddi Kültür ........................................................................................................... 90 5.8.1. Giyim Kuşam ................................................................................................ 90 5.8.2. Alet Edevat .................................................................................................... 91 5.8.3. Hane İçindeki Eşyalar ..................................................................................
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