Modeling Andthermal Analysis of Piston
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International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 MODELING ANDTHERMAL ANALYSIS OF PISTON 1M CHALAPATHI 2S.PRAVEEN KUMAR 1Department of Mechanical Engineering M-Tech Student (CAD/CAM) Chadalawada Ramanamma Eng. College. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Assistant Professor (CAD/CAM) Chadalawada Ramanamma Eng. College. a swiveling gudgeon stick (US: wrist stick). This stick is mounted inside the motor cylinder: not in any ABSTRACT: In this investigation, Work is done to way like the steam motor, there is no cylinder or discover the Thermal stress distribution on various cross head (beside enormous two stroke motor). Piston Materials utilized. In IC engine Piston is a the Trunk pistons: most important element in engine element and complex part, so it is essential to keep up Piston in Trunk pistons are long relative to their diameter. good condition in order to attain good condition of They act both as a cylindrical crosshead and piston. the engine. Piston main fails due to mechanical and As the connecting rod is angled for much of its thermal stress. rotation, there is also a side force that reacts along the So as to search out proper mechanical stress side of the piston against the cylinder wall. as well thermal distribution on Piston Materials are considered. In this analysis is work out on piston with Crosshead pistons different materials (AL-Si Alloys, AL-Mg-Si Alloys, Huge moderate speed Diesel motors may require and AlSiC alloy). The piston is modeled and analyze extra help for the side powers on the cylinder. These by using Computer aided design and Computer aided motors ordinarily utilize cross head cylinders. The engineering software. In this analysis I found that the fundamental cylinder has a substantial cylinder pole vonmisses stress, heat flux reduces in AlSiC stretching out downwards from the cylinder to what composite compared with otheraluminum alloys. is adequately a moment littler distance across INTRODUCTION: A piston is a element cylinder. Slipper pistons : of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic cylinders, etc. It is the reciprocating component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In an engine, the piston purpose is to transfer motion from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is modified and motion is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the container. In some engines, the piston also acts as A cylinder for an oil motor that has been decreased in a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the size and weight however much as could be expected. cylinder wall. In the extraordinary case, they are diminished to the cylinder crown, bolster for the cylinder rings, and Internal combustion engines : sufficiently only of the cylinder skirt staying to leave two terrains in order to stop the cylinder shaking in the drag. Deflector pistons : Figure 1 : Internal combustion engine piston, sectioned to show the gudgeon pin. The connecting rod is associated with the cylinder by Volume 7, Issue XII, December/2018 Page No:1571 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 Two-stroke deflector piston Tunnels, mines, pit, cavities, and bore holes. Geological features like Joints, fissures fractures and INTRODUCTION TO FEM layers. 1.1 NEED FOR FEM Hydro Elasticity: Numerous building issues dealt with today don't have Sloshing of liquids in flexible containers, shut type of Solution. For these issues, geometry of reservoir or darn interactions. the protest is sporadic or some of the time self- AlSi Material properties assertive. Prior to disregard the challenges in taking Sl No properties Value care of these genuine issues, rearranging suppositions were made. Numerical techniques, which give rough arrangement, appeared. These strategies can hold the 1 Young’s modulus 2.3×10 5 Mpa issue complexities, giving a superior arrangement. 2 Poisons ratio 0.24 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD 3 In transitory the it all about of FEM is the cross 3 Density 2937 kg/m section of a biggest slice of the cake or practice by an set of subdivisions called finite elements. These 4 Thermal conductivity 197 W/m 0C graphic representation are thought-about inhume wired at joints, that are experienced as nodes or nodal 0 points. Simple functions are selected to mirror the 5 Specific heat 894 J/kg C selection or mutation of the distinct displacements completely each finite element. Such on a long shot functions are met with as driving out functions or driving out models. The long shot magnitudes of the Compositions of AlSi alloy 1 Cu ejection functions are the displacements at nodal 1.1% points. 2 Zn - 3 Mn BASIC CONCEPT OF FEM 0.2% 4 Fe “The most gracefulness of the FEM that separates it 0.3% from others is that the division of a given domain into 5 Mg 1.1% a collection of straightforward sub domains known as 6 Si finite elements. Any geometric form, that permits 12.5% computation of the solution or its approximation or 7 Ti provides necessary relations among the values of the - 8 Sn solution at selected points, known as nodes of the sub - domain, qualifies as a finite element. 9 Pb - 10 Ni REDUCING THE DESIGN AND 0.9% MANUFACTURING COSTS USING ANSYS 11 Al (FEA): Rest The ANSYS program enables specialists to build PC models or exchange CAD models of structures, Al-Mg-Si Material properties items, segments, or frameworks, apply loads or other Sl No properties Value outline execution conditions and concentrate physical reactions, for example, feelings of anxiety, 1 Young’s modulus 0.7 ×10 5 Mpa temperature conveyance or the effect of lector attractive fields. 2 Poisons ratio 0.33 Rock Mechanics: 3 Density 2700 kg/m 3 Volume 7, Issue XII, December/2018 Page No:1572 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 4 Thermal conductivity 200 W/m 0C 2 Poisons ratio 0.21 3 Density 2890 kg/m 3 5 Specific heat 898 J/kg 0C 4 Thermal conductivity 170 W/m 0C 0 5 Specific heat 808 J/kg C Compositions of Al-Mg-si 1 Aluminium: 97.9 to 99.3% Compositions of AlSiC-12 2 Chromium: Aluminum Alloy A 63 vol% 0.05% max 356.2 3 Copper: 0.1% max Silicon Carbide 37 vol% 4 Iron: 0.1 to 0.3% Compositions Aluminum Alloy A 356.2 5 Magnesium: 0.35 to 0.6% Aluminum, Al 91.2 - 93.1 % 6 Copper, Cu <= 0.10 % Manganese: 0.10% Iron, Fe 0.13 - 0.25 % 7 Silicon: 0.3 to 0.6% Magnesium, Mg 0.30 - 0.45 % Manganese, Mn <= 0.05 % AlSiC-10 Material properties Other, each <= 0.05 % Sl No properties Value Other, total <= 0.15 % 1 Young’s modulus 1.67 ×10 5 Mpa Silicon, Si 6.5 - 7.5 % 2 Poisons ratio 0.251 Titanium, Ti <= 0.20 % 3 Density 2960 kg/m 3 Zinc, Zn <= 0.05 % 4 Thermal conductivity 190 W/m 0C MODELING 5 Specific heat 786 J/kg 0C 2.1. Piston Design The piston is designed according to the procedure and specification which are given in machine design Compositions of AlSiC-10 and data hand books. The dimensions are calculated Aluminum Alloy A 356.2 45 vol% in terms of SI Units. length, diameter of piston and Silicon Carbide 55 vol% hole, thicknesses, etc., parameters are taken into consideration Compositions Aluminum Alloy A 356.2 2.1.1. Design Considerations for a Piston Aluminum, Al 91.2 - 93.1 % In designing a piston for an engine, the following points should be taken into Copper, Cu <= 0.10 % consideration: Iron, Fe 0.13 - 0.25 % It should have enormous strength to withstand the high pressure. Magnesium, Mg 0.30 - 0.45 % It should have minimum weight to withstand Manganese, Mn <= 0.05 % the inertia forces. Other, each <= 0.05 % It should form effective oil sealing in the Other, total <= 0.15 % cylinder. Silicon, Si 6.5 - 7.5 % It should provide sufficient bearing area to Titanium, Ti <= 0.20 % prevent undue wear. It should have high speed reciprocation Zinc, Zn <= 0.05 % without noise. It should be of sufficient rigid construction to withstand thermal and mechanical AlSiC-12 Material properties distortions. Sl No properties Value It should have sufficient support for the 5 1 Young’s modulus 1.67 ×10 Mpa piston pin. 2.1.2 Piston Design specification Volume 7, Issue XII, December/2018 Page No:1573 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 a) Consider Diameter of Bore b) Width of the top land(b) c) Height of the piston(H) d) Distance from the front to the axis of piston pin(h 1) e) Diameter of thickness of piston pin(d) f) Distance from the front to the first channel(e) g) Wall thickness between channels(h n) h) Radial thickness of the piston ring (t r) i) Axial thickness of the piston ring (t ) a the complete three-dimensional model of piston geometry was created using Ansys work bench Modeller. The part and is shown in figure 5.1. MESHING OF PISTON The piston shape is irregular, especially in the presence of various curved surfaces of inner cavity. Firstly, Automatic meshing method is used to mesh the model.Element used is 20 node Tetrahedron named soilid90 . The element size is taken as 5, then total number elements were 11475 and nodes were 19591 found in meshed model. The mesh grid is shown as figure below . Fig Piston Geometry THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS Structural Sl .No Material Total Deflection (mm) 1 AlSi 0.04197 2 Al-Mg-Si 0.1304 3 AlSiC-10 0.057 4 AlSiC-12 0.05869 AlSi Table 1 Selected Dimensions of Design Specification of the piston Ansys 3D Model Thus, the dimensions for the piston are calculated and these are used for modelling the piston in Ansys work bench Modeller.