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  • Theses and Dissertations
  • 1. Thesis and Dissertation Collection, all items

2015-06

Adopting cloud computing in the Pakistan Navy

Asim, Tahir Majeed

Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45807

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NAVAL
POSTGRADUATE
SCHOOL

MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA

THESIS

ADOPTING CLOUD COMPUTING IN
THE PAKISTAN NAVY

by
Tahir Majeed Asim
June 2015
Thesis Advisor: Co-Advisor:
Dan Boger
Dorothy E. Denning

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

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  • 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
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Master’s Thesis

June 2015

  • 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  • 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

ADOPTING CLOUD COMPUTING INTHE PAKISTAN NAVY

6. AUTHOR(S) Tahir Majeed Asim 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

Naval Postgraduate School

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

Monterey, CA 93943-5000

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11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. IRB Protocol number ____N/A____.

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13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words)

Pakistan’s proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, through which millions of barrels of oil is shipped per day, makes it a gateway to Central Asian countries. The Pakistan coastline stretches to almost 1,000 kilometers and has an exclusive economic zone of 290,000 km2. As a flag bearer of protecting the country’s sea lines of communication and safeguarding its maritime territories, the Pakistan Navy is in the continuous process of modernization. Although a robust command and control structure exists for the accomplishment of peacetime and wartime objectives, there is still a need to adopt up-to-date procedures that can ensure the two-way exchange of information in near real-time and provide access to information from anywhere around the globe.
This thesis explores the peculiarities of cloud computing and its potential utility to the Pakistan Navy. After an in-depth analysis of the country’s information technology environment, the scope and utility of cloud computing in the country, and the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Navy, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology cloud architectures, a framework has been laid out for adopting cloud computing in the Pakistan Navy.

  • 14. SUBJECT TERMS
  • 15. NUMBER OF

Cloud computing, IT industry in Pakistan, US Navy cloud, NIST cloud architecture, DoD cloud

PAGES

83

16. PRICE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
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  • Unclassified
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
ADOPTING CLOUD COMPUTING IN
THE PAKISTAN NAVY

Tahir Majeed Asim
Lieutenant Commander, Pakistan Navy
B.E., National University of Sciences and Technology, 2004

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY
(COMMAND, CONTROL & COMMUNICATIONS)

AND
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION OPERATIONS

from the

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
June 2015

  • Author:
  • Tahir Majeed Asim

  • Approved by:
  • Dr. Dan Boger

Thesis Advisor Chair, Department of Information Sciences

Dr. Dorothy E. Denning Co-Advisor

Dr. John Arquilla Chair, Department of Defense Analysis

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ABSTRACT

Pakistan’s proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, through which millions of barrels of oil is shipped per day, makes it a gateway to Central Asian countries. The Pakistan coastline stretches to almost 1,000 kilometers and has an exclusive economic zone of 290,000 km2. As a flag bearer of protecting the country’s sea lines of communication and safeguarding its maritime territories, the Pakistan Navy is in the continuous process of modernization. Although a robust command and control structure exists for the accomplishment of peacetime and wartime objectives, there is still a need to adopt up-to-date procedures that can ensure the two-way exchange of information in near real-time and provide access to information from anywhere around the globe.

This thesis explores the peculiarities of cloud computing and its potential utility to the Pakistan Navy. After an in-depth analysis of the country’s information technology environment, the scope and utility of cloud computing in the country, and the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Navy, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology cloud architectures, a framework has been laid out for adopting cloud computing in the Pakistan Navy.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

  • I.
  • INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1

A. B.
THESIS OVERVIEW .....................................................................................3 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY ....................................................................3

  • II.
  • CLOUD COMPUTING...............................................................................................5

A. B.
TERMS RELATED TO CLOUD COMPUTING ........................................6 WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING? ..............................................................6 1. 2. 3. 4.
Cloud-Based Models............................................................................7 Categories of Cloud Services.............................................................11 Cloud Computing Benefits................................................................14 Cloud Computing Associated Risks .................................................14

  • C.
  • CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................17

III.

IV.
CLOUD COMPUTING IN PAKISTAN..................................................................19 A. B.
GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN-OWNED CSPS....................................21 COMMERCIAL CLOUD PROVIDERS ....................................................22 1. 2.
Cube XS Weatherly Cloud Services.................................................22 Rapid Compute ..................................................................................23

  • C.
  • CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................24

DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ADOPTING CLOUD COMPUTING.............................................................................................25 A. B. C. D. E.
THE U.S. DOD CLOUD COMPUTING STRATEGY ..............................25 NIST CLOUD COMPUTING REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE...........28 THE U.S. NAVY APPROACH TOWARD CLOUD COMPUTING .......32 FRAMEWORK FOR THE PAKISTAN NAVY.........................................35 CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................37

  • V.
  • CLOUD COMPUTING IN PAKISTAN NAVY.....................................................39

  • A.
  • ADOPTING CLOUD COMPUTING IN THE PAKISTAN NAVY.........40

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Cloud Consumers for the Pakistan Navy ........................................41 Bifurcation of Classified and Unclassified Data..............................43 Identify Cloud Model.........................................................................44 Identify Cloud Carrier ......................................................................45 Launch Cloud Services......................................................................46

  • B.
  • CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................46

  • VI.
  • CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................49

A. B. C.
SUMMARY ....................................................................................................49 RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................51 PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH................................................52

APPENDIX A. WORLDWIDE INTEROPERABILITY FOR MICROWAVE
ACCESS......................................................................................................................55

APPENDIX B. DEVELOPING CMF CLOUD..................................................................59

vii

LIST OF REFERENCES......................................................................................................61 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST.........................................................................................65

viii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9.
Cloud Computing Model ...................................................................................7 Private Cloud Model..........................................................................................8 Public Cloud Model...........................................................................................9 Community Cloud Model ................................................................................10 IaaS Model.......................................................................................................11 SaaS Model (from WebDweb Web Systems, n.d.)..........................................12 PaaS Model......................................................................................................13 NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (from NIST, 2011a)............29 Scope of Control between Cloud Provider and Consumer (from NIST, 2011c) ..............................................................................................................30 Scenario 1 (from NIST, 2011a) .......................................................................31 Scenario 2 (from NIST, 2011a) .......................................................................32 Scenario 3 (from NIST, 2011a) .......................................................................32
Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12.

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Table 2.
Cloud Consumers—Operational Data .............................................................42 Cloud Consumers—Non-operational Data......................................................43

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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ANSI AWS CIA
American National Standards Institute Amazon web services Confidentiality Integrity Availability Chief information officer Combined Maritime Forces Cloud service provider
CIO CMF CSP CWCS DISA DOD DON DoS
Cube XS Weatherly cloud services Defense Information Systems Agency Department of Defense Department of Navy Denial of service

  • IaaS
  • infrastructure as a service

  • Information assurance
  • IA

  • ISP
  • Internet service provider

  • IT
  • Information technology

  • JIE
  • Joint information environment

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Nonsecure IP router network National Institute of Standards and Technology Platform as a service
NATO NIPRNet NIST PaaS PTCL SaaS SAN SIPRNet SLA
Pakistan telecommunication limited Software as a service storage area network Secure IP router network Service level agreement

  • TCP
  • Transmission control protocol

Telephone industry association Virtual local area network Virtual private network
TIA VLAN VPN

  • WiMAX
  • Worldwide interoperability for Microwave access

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Read! In the name of your Lord who created—Created the human from something which clings. Read! And your Lord is Most Bountiful—He who taught (the use of) the Pen, Taught the human that which he knew not.
—First revealed verses of Qur’an, Al-Alaq 96:1-5
I bow my head and thank Almighty Allah for giving me the opportunity to seek a
Master’s degree at the Naval Postgraduate School and for providing me with the strength, wisdom, and perseverance to complete both my master’s programs simultaneously.

I am extremely indebted to the faculty of the Information Sciences and Defense
Analysis Department at the Naval Postgraduate School for their continuous guidance, support, and professionalism. I am particularly thankful to Dr. Dan Boger and Dr. Dorothy E. Denning for their supervision and complete insight on the topic. Their experience in cloud computing was a great help for me to focus my thoughts and complete this research. I would like to express my gratitude to my colleagues at Naval Postgraduate School, who provided the ideal atmosphere to make this learning a worthwhile experience.

Finally, I am extremely grateful to my beloved father, who passed away during my stay at Naval Postgraduate School; my beloved mother; my brothers and sisters; my lovely wife, Adeela; and my adorable son Hishaam, for their prayers, affection, and patience, without which this modest endeavor would not have been possible.

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  • I.
  • INTRODUCTION

I don’t need a hard disk in my computer if I can get to the server faster. … Carrying around these non-connected computers is byzantine by comparison.

Steve Jobs (Speech, 1997)
In the course of recent decades, the world has encountered an upset in information technology (IT), and various new techniques for the rapid exchange of information have evolved. This evolution is all about the exchange of information in real time from anywhere around the globe and using this information to perform a variety of tasks. This evolutionary technology known as cloud computing has been adopted worldwide by industries, businesses, educational institutes, government organizations, defense institutes, and armed forces.

Given the current growth rate of the cloud computing industry, it is predicted that by year 2020, its global market will reach $270 billion (Market Research, 2014). This makes cloud computing among the leading revenue-generating and rapidly growing industries in the world. Cloud computing is offering better insight and visibility for analysis, better collaboration, easy access to information, and availability of enormous storage and computing resources at affordable cost. Cloud computing is being adopted globally to meet the challenges of the corporate world and to handle the rapidly growing needs of computation and analytical tools. Cloud computing has enhanced users' capacity to use framework and assets innovatively, and it can be used in a variety of ways to meet individual needs. Cloud computing is available to users in four forms: private cloud, hybrid cloud, community cloud, and public cloud. The form of the cloud to be chosen depends primarily on the data classification, the data type, business or organization needs, and the methodology for accessing the data.

Many developed countries such as Japan, the United States, China, Russia, and
France have been exploiting the benefits of cloud computing for over a decade. Likewise, the military forces of many countries have also adopted cloud computing as an integral component of military operations conducted either locally or remotely. With the use of
1

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  • Budget 2020–2021

    Budget 2020–2021

    For Departmental use only FEDERAL BUDGET 2020–2021 DETAILS OF DEMANDS FOR GRANTS AND APPROPRIATIONS VOLUME II Current Expenditure Government of Pakistan Finance Division Islamabad P R E F A C E The “Details of Demands for Grants and Appropriations 2020-21” is prepared as additional information mainly for Account Offices and Budget utilizing entities. It is a collection of Budget Orders/New Item Statements submitted by individual entities, the verified physical record of which is maintained by entity concerned as well as Finance Division. The purpose of the book is to provide details to dealing staff. “Details of Demands for Grants and Appropriations” is available in SAP ERP and official website of Finance Division. Hard copy of this book is not printed. There are separate volumes for Current Expenditure and Development Expenditure. For the Current and Development Expenditures, a clear distinction has been made between Expenditure on Revenue and Expenditure on Capital Account. The estimated expenditures are reported on gross basis. Wherever any receipts or recoveries are expected, the estimated reduction in expenditure is shown below the relevant demand. The budget information is reported in this publication from Function-cum-Object perspective. It describes budgeted resources to be spent on objects of expenditure like employee related expenses, utilities, motor vehicles and travel etc. The Functional Classification provides a perspective about the purpose on which money will be spent like general public service, defence affairs, public order and safety etc. The book, gives detailed information till the sub detailed level of Functional classification whereas, the Object Classification gives information till the level of their respective Minor Heads.