Consensus Building Process After the Earthquake Example of Kumamoto Castle, Japan

Consensus building process after the earthquake example of Kumamoto castle, Japan

24 April 2017

Masaru ARAKIDA Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) ma‐[email protected] Damage and Restoration of Kumamoto Castle Kumamoto City Tourism Exchange Division Kumamoto Castle ○ Built by the lord, Kiyomasa Kato in 1607 ○ Consists of many important national treasures (turrets and stonewalls) and reconstructions (the main castle keeps are reconstructions) ○ Japan’s no. 1 castle for 3 consecutive years on Tripadviser (2013‐2015) ○ 1.7 million annual visitors (as of 2015); the largest tourist attraction of Kumamoto City

[Details【被害の詳細】 of the Damage]

平成April 28 14, 年４月１４日 2016, 21:26 JST 21 , 'foreshock 時 26 分「前震 M 6.5' Ｍ6.5」

種類被害数量内容

Important 重要文化財建造物 10 棟長塀 80ｍ崩壊、９棟は瓦・外壁落下など national treasures 復元建造物７棟天守閣瓦落下、壁ひび、塀崩壊など Restored

石垣崩落６箇所膨らみ・緩み多数

平成April 28 16, 年４月１6 2016, 01:25 日 JST, 1 'main 時 25 shock 分「本震 M 7.3' Ｍ7.3」 *Including the damage caused ※前震での被害を含む by the foreshock

種類被害数量内容 Important 重要文化財建造物national treasures 13 棟倒壊 2 棟、一部倒壊 3 棟。他は屋根・壁破損など

復元建造物Restored 20 棟倒壊５棟。他は下部石垣崩壊、屋根・壁破損など

石垣崩落・膨らみ・緩み 517 面約23,600㎡（全体の29.9％）

(うち崩落 50 箇所、229 面) (うち崩落約 8,200 ㎡（全体の 10.3％）

地盤陥没・地割れ 70 箇所約 12,345 ㎡

利便施設・管理施設 26 棟屋根・壁破損など

The Castle tower Keeps after the Main Shock (16 Apr.) No significant change is seen from the west, but notice the damage to the main keep’s roofs and to the top left corner of the small keep’s stonewall.

Before the earthquake After the main shock

The morning of April 15 After the main shock

After the main shock

Before the earthquake After the main shock

Face

Compacted Engraved marking 整地土soil

Gap filling stone

Body Splitting hole stabilising stone 地山 Base stone Compacted Pinning base stone

Joint Timber Stonewall Damage – Model 1

Vertical shock

Horizontal Cracking shock and collapsing Stonewall damage by the collapsed backfill © Kumamoto city Consensus building process after the earthquake 14 April Foreshock M6.5, 16 April Mainshock M7.3

1-22 June Kumamoto City Recovery Discussion Meeting • The meeting with local residents and technical organizations were held 14 times, and total 258 persons were participated.

27 June Kumamoto Urban Strategy Council consisting of Kumamoto Prefecture, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto University, Economic Association, and Chamber of Commerce made emergency recommendations. • For reconstruction of Kumamoto Castle 1. Reconstruct the tower of Kumamoto Castle by 2019 Rugby World Cup. 2. Make the restoration process of Kumamoto Castle a tourism resource. Disclose the damage situation and restoration process. Use it for recovery events. 3. Consider various financing methods 4. Examine the restoration method to increase the earthquake resistance while maintaining the value of historic buildings. • By independently and collaborative work with government, university, and business community, aiming early restoration as possible. Consensus building process after the earthquake (cont.)

4 July – 2 November Kumamoto Earthquake Disaster Reconstruction Committee, composed of academics, mass media, finance, education, agriculture, and the business sector.

26 July Basic component of Kumamoto Castle Restoration

8 November, 8 December Roundtable on Basic Policy for Kumamoto Castle Restoration

December Basic Policy for Kumamoto Castle Restoration

January 2017- Full-scale restoration The First Step to the Restoration of the Castle ・Prevention of cracks in the ground by using sheets and protection of construction components ・Implementation of temporary work

Utilizing new technology Higashi Juhachiken Turrent (Important National Treasure)

Before the disaster © Kumamoto city © Kumamoto city Sorting and storing of removed After the main shock construction components

© Kumamoto city © Kumamoto city © Kumamoto city Basic Policy for Kumamoto Castle Restoration 1 Prevention of cracks in the ground, protection of construction components, and implementation of temporary work. 2 The earliest possible reconstruction of the castle keeps as the top priority. 3 Careful restoration without losing cultural property values 4 The earliest possible regeneration of the castle as a tourist attraction while showing the stage‐by‐stage restoration process to the public 5 Consideration of restoration methods involving cutting‐edge technologies in the light of safety 6 Building foundation to restore considering 100 years ahead 7 Formulation and promotion of basic plan Point ① Preservation of Cultural Property Values

・ The “Important National Treasures”, such as stonewalls and buildings, should be essentially restored using traditional methods and the same components as before.

・ Careful restoration by traditional construction methods takes amount of time, however the cultural property values are preserved. Point ② Utilization for Tourist Attraction

・ Castle restoration in progress is “a must see now” which has a high tourist value.

・ Plans are needed to show the restoration progress to the public. Point ③ Consideration for Safety ・ The earthquake occurred during closing time (at night), hence no casualties –a blessing in disguise .

・ If the earthquake occurred during opening time… ⇒ 5,000 visitors a day ⇒ Several hundred people could have been injured by collapsed stonewalls, etc. ⇒ “Cultural properties” should not be exempt from safety measures. Points of Kumamoto Castle Restoration

○ So far ・・・ A main focus on the balance between ‘cultural property preservation’ and ‘tourist attraction’

○ From now on ・・・ ‘Cultural property preservation’ and ‘tourist attraction’, plus ‘safety improvements’

・ Reinforcement of the stonewalls and buildings (by combining traditional methods and cutting‐edge technologies)

・ Plans needed to ensure safety by providing visitor routes, evacuation routes, disaster prevention facilities, etc. Future Plans (Targets) By the end of 2016 (Done) ・・・ Finalisation of the Basic Policy for Kumamoto Castle Restoration By the end of 2017 ・・・ Formulation of basic restoration plans ・ Clarification of the restoration work schedule 2019 ・・・ Restoration of the Castle Keeps Around 2036 (approx. in 20 years time) ・・・ Completion of the restoration