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Oil Production from the Guadalupe Series in Eddy County, New Mexico Vilas P

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Oil Production from the Guadalupe Series in Eddy County, New Mexico Vilas P New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/5 Oil production from the Guadalupe series in Eddy County, New Mexico Vilas P. Sheldon, 1954, pp. 150-159 in: Southeastern New Mexico, Stipp, T. F.; [ed.], New Mexico Geological Society 5th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 209 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1954 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY * FIFTH FIELD CONFERENCE * SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO The suggestedtype section for the Queenformation sedimentaryenvironment of the Delawarebasin. The is located5 milesS. 75° E. f’romthe site of theQueen entirecounty was coveredby a shallowsea butthe PostOffice on the westwall of DarkCanyon, in the subsidingbasin was partially cut off from the shallow SW¼of Sac.36, T. 24 S.,R. 22 E., where421’ of al- bordering:area by a limebank-reef complex. The ba- ternatingsandstone and sandydolomite m-e exposed, sin properwasreceiving deposition of sandand silt Herethe Queenunderlies the SevenRivers formation whichis usuallydark grey to blackin color.There and overliesthe Grayburg.The Shattuckmember of area few layersof limestonein thebasin and the the Queenformation proposed by Newell(1953) has sandand silt is oftencalcareous but for the most beenrecognized as theuppermost 100’ of thissection, part,the sedimentation is sand and silt+ It is prob- ablethat the water was deepenough to havea high Theproposed surface type section of the Grayburg carbondioxide content which would tend to dissolve formationis locatedon a spurand in an unnamedcan- the carbonates.There are layersof cleanand sorted yon aboveSitting Bull Spring, in theNE¼ of Sac.9, sandthroughout the section and these layers arepar- T. 2,4S., 4. 22 E.,where a totalthickness of 475’of ous.Where the sandis cleanand free of siltit hasa alternatingsandstone and dolomites is exposed, lightgrey color, appearing a buff-orange in outcrops, probablydue to oxidation.Bordering the basin there Edit0r~sNote: was a ratherwide, very shallow lime bank which was toohigh to receivethe sandand siltdeposition. This The aboveabstract and Illustrations by William B. bankwas possibly due to a livingorganic algal reef, Moran,Union Oil Company of California,are includ- in thatthe reef acted as a cata!ystin precipitationof ed throughthe courtesy of theGeological Society of carbonates.The writerdoes not viewthe San Andres Americato whichthe paperhas beensubmitted far limebank as a barrierreef, but visualizes it as a publication.A clarification of the "Queen-Grayburg" chainof lowrelief debris mounds lined up by wave by redefinitionis long overdue . Mr,Moran’s work re- andcurrent action. Very possibly the ooliticand gran- presentsa valuable contribution to the stratigraphy of ularmaterial is debriscreated by thewaves from a thisregion, livingreef, however, that source need not be theonly OIL PRODUCTION FROM THE possiblesource+ The situationwas that this lime GUADALUPE SERIES IN EDDY COUNTY, bankwas a highplatform area and waveaction piled NEW MEXICO up a limedebris chain of keyswhich shut off the sea behindit fromthe subsiding basin. The barrierwas by so effectivethat the broadexpanse of shallowwater VilasP. Sheldon behindit wasevaporated faster than fresh water en- teredand apparently but little clastic material was The GuadolupeSeries is sub-dividedintoseven enteringfrom the lowland masses bordering the sea. formations,the namesand approximatethicknesses Thesereef-locked lagoons, or evaporativebasins, beingas presentedin thefollowing tabulation. Sap- existedall throughthe Permianand the sequenceof aratenames are used for the basinand theback-reef of depos:itionis always the same. Most of thewater faciesdue to commonpractice and usageamong geo- thatdid enter the lagoonscame from the oPen basin logistsworking in thearea. throughthe barrier and the concentration of salts in the waterbecame progressively greater as thedis- Back-Reef Thickness in Back-Reef Basin tancebehind the barrierincreased. There was a con- tinuousinward flow of waterfrom the basin to the lagoonto compensatefor the evaporativeloss. As Tansill 200 Yates 400 thiswater moved, it wascontinuously evaporating, SevenRivers 600 Belt Canyon thesilicates precipitating first, then the carbonates, Queen 300 bothlimestone and dolomite, then the .~ulphates, fol- Grayburg 400 lowedby thechlorides. There are many critical Upper SanAndres 800 Cherry Canyon pointsof super-saturationinvolved and often several LowerSan Andres 600 saltswould precipitate in the same area resulting in intergranularmixtures. And then too, changes in fresh lower San Andres-CherryCanyon waterinflow changed the chemicalbalance resulting in laminatedlayers of theseveral salts. Since car- At the openingof Guadalupetime about the south- banateswere thus chemically precipitated behind the easterntwo-thirdsof Eddy County was withinthe barrier,it is reasonableto postulate that the oolites 150 I NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY * FIFTH FIELD CONFERENCE * SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO i couldbe formedby suchchemically precipitated car- Eddyand ChavesCounty line north of the HighLone- bonatesand later piled up on thebarrier, someField. i DuringLower San Andres- CherryCanyon ’ time° the UpperSan And.res- CherryCanyon basinreceived black and greysands and silts with a few cleanand sorted sand layers which are porous. Aftersome 600 feetof dolomiteshad beendeposited I Thebarrier was built of carbonatedebris. So faras in Guadalupetime° some disturbance considerably al- EddyCounty is concerned°the depositionbehind the taredsedimentation, as an easilyrecognizable break barrierwas all carbonatematerial as theanhydrites in thecarbonate facies is present.The writer is not do not occurin Eddybut do comeinto the section far- familiarenough with the CherryCanyon sand facies I thernorth. Porosity in thecarbonates is of a primary to dividethat formation. nature°being the spacesbetween the grainsand frag- mentsof the debrismaking up the rock.It is some- At the openingof the UpperSan Andrestime, de- positionin the basinwas muchthe sameas in the pre- I timesof an ooliticnaturebutmoreoftenhas irregular granulartexture rather than spherical. Porosity does ceedingperiod. The frontmoved forward a shortdis- notoccur in blanketformations but ratherseems to be tance,not much over a mile.Deposition on the front in relativelylow moundswhich were formed by waves was the same,sand and siltbasinward with brown I and currents.These mounds tend to lineup likea crystallinelimestones and chert;= directly adjacent. chainof keys,however, porous material also occurs The sand wedgesare sometimesporous. wellbehind the barrier front. Possibledue to re-activatedup-warping0 the zone I of limestoneand cherts in the UpperSan Andresis The barrierfront has been described by several muchnarrower, probably due to a steeperslope. The writersas a hingeline. On thebasin side the land carbonatesof the limebank proper consist of buff° was subsidingwhile behind the frontit was not.Such I finelygranulartoooliticand detritaldolomites.Liv- may not necessarilybe thecase, however, deposition ing reefswere undoubtedly present on the bankand on the limebank was fastenough to keeppace with subsidenceand maintainthe shallownessof depth perhapslargely contributed to the carbonateprecipi- tation.The dolomiteas thesub-surface geologist I whichpromoted carbonate deposition. Basinward of seesit, however°appears to havebeen laid down as thefront sands and siltswere deposited. Behind the carbonatemuds forming finely granular° sometimes frontcarbonates were being deposited. Right at the lithographicrock.Scatteredoverthebank,usually frontthe
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