THE ITC STYLE GUIDE

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Regional Groupings

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Country groups by

ITC staff and external writers frequently have questions about the use of regional groupings, and which countries apply.

In all cases, ITC writers should use the proper country names. These are listed separately in this guide.

Key terminology to use

For regional groupings by development level, the UN uses the following broad terminology: developing countries, developed countries and transition economies. There is no established convention to designate developed and developing countries.

Least developed countries (which currently total 48) are a subset of developing countries.

Transition economies are in Eastern and Central .

Economies is a term used in economic writing among international organizations that refers to national economies. It is often used as a synonym for country. If you are writing in business terms, use the word “country” and not “economy.”

Managing differences in terminology

As part of the UN system, ITC follows UN practice. However, discrepancies exist between lists provided by the UN Statistical Division and UNCTAD. For example, UNCTAD notes that UNIDO uses the term ‘emerging industrial economies’, which is not used by the UN Statistical Division or by UNCTAD.

This edition of the ITC Style Guide recommends that the listing from the UN Statistical Division be used as the first reference source. The list of countries and territories is included in full.

Please use the list with care. Countries are sensitive regarding their regional groupings. Consult with the Communications and Events team, or the regional country offices in the ITC Division of Country Programmes if the lists in this edition do not address your writing needs.

ITC sometimes also refers to economic groupings that emerge from research conducted by WTO, OECD and the Bank. Categories overlap but are not the same. Where possible, ITC staff should use this terminology only when quoting research from these organizations.

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Country – the United Nations Statistical Division

The list is regularly updated online at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm

The UN Statistical Division notes the following common practice:

• In international trade statistics, the Southern African Customs Union is treated as a developed region. Israel is treated as a . Countries from the former Yugoslavia are treated as developing countries (ITC does not recommend this practice); and countries of and of the Commonwealth of Independent States in Europe are not included under either developed or developing regions. • Sub-Saharan includes all of Africa except northern Africa. The is in sub-Saharan Africa. • America includes , the , the , and . • Japan is in Asia; and in .

Developing Regions

Africa excluding Northern America Caribbean Central America Asia excluding Japan Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand

Developed Regions

Northern America Europe Japan Australia and New Zealand

Least developed countries (LDCs)

Afghanistan Gambia Rwanda Angola Sao Tome and Principe Bangladesh Guinea-Bissau Senegal Benin Haiti Sierra Leone Bhutan Burkina Faso Lao People's Democratic Republic Somalia Burundi Lesotho South Sudan Cambodia Liberia Sudan Central African Republic -Leste Chad Malawi Togo Comoros Mali Democratic Republic of the Congo Mauritania Uganda Djibouti Mozambique United Republic of Tanzania Equatorial Guinea Myanmar Eritrea Nepal Yemen Ethiopia Niger Zambia

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Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)

Afghanistan Kazakhstan Rwanda Armenia Kyrgyzstan South Sudan Lao People's Democratic Republic Swaziland Bhutan Lesotho Tajikistan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Malawi The former Yugoslav Republic of Botswana Mali Macedonia Burkina Faso Mongolia Turkmenistan Burundi Nepal Uganda Central African Republic Niger Uzbekistan Chad Paraguay Zambia Ethiopia Republic of Moldova Zimbabwe

Small island developing States (SIDS)

American Anguilla Guinea-Bissau Saint Kitts and Nevis Antigua and Barbuda Guyana Saint Lucia Aruba Haiti Samoa Bahamas Jamaica Sao Tome and Principe Barbados Kiribati Seychelles Belize Singapore British Solomon Islands Cabo Verde Mauritius Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Comoros (Federated States of) Suriname Montserrat Timor-Leste Cuba Dominica Trinidad and Tobago Dominican Republic Tuvalu Northern United States Virgin Islands French Vanuatu Grenada Papua

Africa

Eastern Africa Middle Africa Northern Africa Western Africa Burundi Angola Algeria Botswana Benin Comoros Cameroon Egypt Lesotho Burkina Faso Djibouti Central African Republic Libya Namibia Cabo Verde Eritrea Chad Morocco South Africa Cote d'Ivoire Ethiopia Congo Sudan Swaziland Gambia

Democratic Republic of Kenya Tunisia Ghana the Congo Madagascar Equatorial Guinea Western Guinea

Malawi Gabon Guinea-Bissau

Mauritius Sao Tome and Principe Liberia

Mayotte Mali

Mozambique Mauritania

Réunion Niger

Rwanda Nigeria

Seychelles Saint Helena

Somalia Senegal

South Sudan Sierra Leone

Uganda Togo

United Republic of Tanzania Zambia

Zimbabwe Oceania

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Australia and New Zealand Micronesia Polynesia Australia Fiji Guam New Zealand New Caledonia Kiribati Cook Islands Norfolk Island Papua New Guinea Marshall Islands Solomon Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Niue Vanuatu Nauru Pitcairn Samoa Palau Tonga Tuvalu Wallis and Futuna Islands

Americas

Americas are divided into and the Caribbean and Northern America. Latin America and the Caribbean are again divided into Caribbean, Central America and South America.

Caribbean Central America South America Northern America Anguilla Belize Argentina Antigua and Barbuda Costa Rica Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Canada Aruba El Salvador Brazil Bahamas Guatemala Chile Saint Pierre and Miquelon Barbados Honduras Colombia United States of America Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba Ecuador British Virgin Islands Nicaragua Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Cayman Islands Panama French Guiana Cuba Guyana Curaçao Paraguay Dominica Peru Dominican Republic Suriname Grenada Uruguay Guadeloupe Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Haiti Jamaica Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint-Barthélemy Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia (French part) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands

Asia

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Central Asia Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Kazakhstan China Afghanistan Brunei Darussalam Armenia China, Hong Kong Special Kyrgyzstan Bangladesh Cambodia Azerbaijan Administrative Region China, Macao Special Tajikistan Bhutan Indonesia Bahrain Administrative Region Democratic People's Lao People's Turkmenistan India Cyprus Republic of Democratic Republic Iran (Islamic Uzbekistan Japan Malaysia Georgia Republic of) Mongolia Maldives Myanmar Iraq Republic of Korea Nepal Israel Pakistan Singapore Jordan Sri Lanka Thailand Kuwait Timor-Leste Lebanon Viet Nam Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia State of Syrian Arab Republic Turkey

United Arab Emirates

Yemen

Europe

Eastern Europe

Belarus Åland Islands Albania Austria Bulgaria Andorra Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Bosnia and Herzegovina Hungary Estonia Croatia Germany Poland Faeroe Islands Gibraltar Liechtenstein Republic of Moldova Finland Greece Luxembourg Romania Guernsey Holy See Monaco Russian Federation Italy Netherlands Slovakia Ireland Malta Switzerland Ukraine Isle of Man Montenegro Jersey Portugal Latvia San Marino Lithuania Serbia Norway Slovenia Sark Spain Svalbard and Jan Mayen The former Yugoslav Republic of Islands Macedonia Sweden United and Northern Ireland

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World Bank groupings

The World Bank, WTO and OECD use this listing. (Please note the spelling of the categories, particularly the use of hyphens.) The list is updated online at: http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#Low_income

Use this list primarily for analysing research from these agencies.

Low-income economies ($1,045 or less)

Afghanistan Gambia, The Niger Benin Guinea Rwanda Burkina Faso Guinea-Bisau Sierra Leone Burundi Haiti Somalia Cambodia Korea, Dem. People's Rep. South Sudan Central African Republic Liberia Tanzania Chad Madagascar Togo Comoros Malawi Uganda Congo, Dem. Rep Mali Zimbabwe Eritrea Mozambique Ethiopia Nepal

Lower-middle-income economies ($1,046 to $4,125)

Armenia Indonesia Samoa Bangladesh Kenya São Tomé and Principe Bhutan Kiribati Senegal Bolivia Kosovo Solomon Islands Cabo Verde Kyrgyz Republic Sri Lanka Cameroon Lao PDR Sudan Congo, Rep. Lesotho Swaziland Côte d'Ivoire Mauritania Syrian Arab Republic Djibouti Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Tajikistan Egypt, Arab Rep. Moldova Timor-Leste El Salvador Morocco Ukraine Georgia Myanmar Uzbekistan Ghana Nicaragua Vanuatu Guatemala Nigeria Vietnam Guyana Pakistan West Bank and Gaza Honduras Papua New Guinea Yemen, Rep. India Philippines Zambia

Upper-middle-income economies ($4,126 to $12,735)

Albania Fiji Namibia Algeria Gabon Palau American Samoa Grenada Panama Angola Iran, Islamic Rep. Paraguay Azerbaijan Iraq Peru Belarus Jamaica Romania Belize Jordan Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina Kazakhstan South Africa Botswana Lebanon St. Lucia Brazil Libya St. Vincent and the Grenadines Bulgaria Macedonia, FYR Suriname China Malaysia Thailand Colombia Maldives Tonga Costa Rica Marshall Islands Tunisia Cuba Mauritius Turkey Dominica Mexico Turkmenistan Dominican Republic Mongolia Tuvalu

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High-income economies ($12,736 or more)

Andorra Germany Poland Antigua and Barbuda Greece Portugal Argentina Greenland Puerto Rico Aruba Guam Qatar Australia Hong Kong SAR, China Russian Federation Austria Hungary San Marino Bahamas, The Iceland Saudi Arabia Bahrain Ireland Seychelles Barbados Isle of Man Singapore Belgium Israel Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Bermuda Italy Slovak Republic Brunei Darussalam Japan Slovenia Canada Korea, Rep. Spain Cayman Islands Kuwait St. Kitts and Nevis Channel Islands Latvia St. Martin (French part) Chile Liechtenstein Sweden Croatia Lithuania Switzerland Curaçao Luxembourg Taiwan, China Cyprus Macao SAR, China Trinidad and Tobago Czech Republic Malta Turks and Caicos Islands Denmark Monaco United Arab Emirates Estonia Netherlands United Kingdom Equatorial Guinea New Caledonia United States New Zealand Uruguay Finland Northern Mariana Islands Venezuela, RB France Norway Virgin Islands (U.S.) French Polynesia Oman

High-income OECD members

Australia Greece Norway Austria Hungary Poland Belgium Iceland Portugal Canada Ireland Slovak Republic Chile Italy Slovenia Czech Republic Israel Spain Denmark Japan Sweden Estonia Korea, Rep. Switzerland Finland Luxembourg United Kingdom France Netherlands United States Germany New Zealand

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