THE ITC STYLE GUIDE

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Regional Groupings

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Country groups by

ITC staff and external writers frequently have questions about the use of regional groupings, and which countries apply.

In all cases, ITC writers should use the proper country names. These are listed separately in this guide.

Key terminology to use

For regional groupings by development level, the UN uses the following broad terminology: developing countries, developed countries and transition economies. There is no established convention to designate developed and developing countries.

Least developed countries (which currently total 47) are a subset of developing countries.

Transition economies are in Eastern and Central .

Economies is a term used in economic writing among international organizations that refers to national economies. It is often used as a synonym for country. If you are writing in business terms, use the word “country” and not “economy.”

Managing differences in terminology

As part of the UN system, ITC follows UN practice. However, discrepancies exist between lists provided by the UN Statistical Division and UNCTAD. For example, UNCTAD notes that UNIDO uses the term ‘emerging industrial economies’, which is not used by the UN Statistical Division or by UNCTAD.

This edition of the ITC Style Guide recommends that the listing from the UN Statistical Division be used as the first reference source. The list of countries and territories is included in full.

Please use the list with care. Countries are sensitive regarding their regional groupings. Consult with the Communications and Events team, or the regional country offices in the ITC Division of Country Programmes if the lists in this edition do not address your writing needs.

ITC sometimes also refers to economic groupings that emerge from research conducted by WTO, OECD and the Bank. Categories overlap but are not the same. Where possible, ITC staff should use this terminology only when quoting research from these organizations.

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Country – the United Nations Statistical Division

The list is regularly updated online at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm

The UN Statistical Division notes the following common practice:

 In international trade statistics, the Southern African Customs Union is treated as a developed region. Israel is treated as a . Countries from the former Yugoslavia are treated as developing countries (ITC does not recommend this practice); and countries of and of the Commonwealth of Independent States in Europe are not included under either developed or developing regions.  Sub-Saharan includes all of Africa except northern Africa. The is in sub-Saharan Africa.  America includes , the , the , and .  Japan is in Asia; and in .

Developing Regions

Africa excluding Northern America Caribbean Central America Asia excluding Japan Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand

Developed Regions

Northern America Europe Japan Australia and New Zealand

Least developed countries (LDCs)

Afghanistan Gambia Rwanda Angola Sao Tome and Principe Bangladesh Guinea-Bissau Senegal Benin Haiti Sierra Leone Bhutan Burkina Faso Lao People's Democratic Republic Somalia Burundi Lesotho South Sudan Cambodia Liberia Sudan Central African Republic -Leste Chad Malawi Togo Comoros Mali Democratic Republic of the Congo Mauritania Uganda Djibouti Mozambique United Republic of Tanzania Eritrea Myanmar Ethiopia Nepal Yemen Niger Zambia

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Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)

Afghanistan Kazakhstan Republic of Moldova Armenia Kyrgyzstan Rwanda Lao People's Democratic Republic South Sudan Bhutan Lesotho Swaziland Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Malawi Tajikistan Botswana Mali Turkmenistan Burkina Faso Mongolia Uganda Burundi Nepal Uzbekistan Central African Republic Niger Zambia Chad North Macedonia Zimbabwe Eswatini Paraguay Ethiopia

Small island developing States (SIDS)

American French Anguilla Grenada Papua Antigua and Barbuda Aruba Guinea-Bissau Saint Kitts and Nevis Bahamas Guyana Saint Lucia Barbados Haiti Samoa Belize Jamaica Sao Tome and Principe Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba Kiribati Seychelles British Singapore Cabo Verde Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Comoros Mauritius Solomon Islands (Federated States of) Suriname Cuba Montserrat Timor-Leste Curaçao Dominica Trinidad and Tobago Dominican Republic Tuvalu Northern United States Virgin Islands Vanuatu Africa Eastern Africa Middle Africa Northern Africa Western Africa

British Indian Territory Angola Algeria Botswana Benin Burundi Cameroon Egypt Eswatini Burkina Faso Comoros Central African Republic Libya Lesotho Cabo Verde Djibouti Chad Morocco Namibia Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Congo Sudan South Africa Gambia Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Tunisia Ghana the Congo French Southern Territories Equatorial Guinea Western Guinea

Kenya Gabon Guinea-Bissau

Madagascar Sao Tome and Principe Liberia

Malawi Mali

Mauritius Mauritania

Mayotte Niger

Mozambique Nigeria

Réunion Saint Helena

Rwanda Senegal

Seychelles Sierra Leone

Somalia Togo

South Sudan

Uganda

United Republic of Tanzania

Zambia

Zimbabwe

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Oceania

Australia and New Zealand Micronesia Polynesia Australia Fiji Guam Christmas Island New Caledonia Kiribati Cook Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Papua New Guinea Marshall Islands Heard Island and McDonald Islands Solomon Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Niue New Zealand Vanuatu Nauru Pitcairn Norfolk Island Samoa Palau United States Minor Outlying Islands Tonga Tuvalu Wallis and Futuna Islands

Americas

Americas are divided into and the Caribbean and Northern America. Latin America and the Caribbean are again divided into Caribbean, Central America and South America.

Caribbean Central America South America Northern America Anguilla Belize Argentina Antigua and Barbuda Costa Rica Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Canada Aruba El Salvador Bouvet Island Bahamas Guatemala Brazil Saint Pierre and Miquelon Barbados Honduras Chile United States of America Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba Colombia British Virgin Islands Nicaragua Ecuador Cayman Islands Panama Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Cuba French Guiana Curaçao Guyana Dominica Paraguay Dominican Republic Peru South Georgia and the South Grenada Sandwich Islands Guadeloupe Suriname Haiti Uruguay Jamaica Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia (French part) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands

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Asia

Central Asia Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-eastern Asia

Kazakhstan China Afghanistan Brunei Darussalam Armenia China, Hong Kong Special Kyrgyzstan Bangladesh Cambodia Azerbaijan Administrative Region China, Macao Special Tajikistan Bhutan Indonesia Bahrain Administrative Region Democratic People's Lao People's Turkmenistan India Cyprus Republic of Democratic Republic Iran (Islamic Uzbekistan Japan Malaysia Georgia Republic of) Mongolia Maldives Myanmar Iraq Republic of Korea Nepal Israel Pakistan Singapore Jordan Sri Lanka Thailand Kuwait Timor-Leste Lebanon Viet Nam Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia State of Syrian Arab Republic Turkey

United Arab Emirates

Yemen

Europe

Eastern Europe

Belarus Åland Islands Albania Austria Bulgaria Andorra Belgium Czechia Denmark Bosnia and Herzegovina Hungary Estonia Croatia Germany Poland Faeroe Islands Gibraltar Liechtenstein Republic of Moldova Finland Greece Luxembourg Romania Holy See Monaco Russian Federation Ireland Italy Netherlands Slovakia Isle of Man Malta Switzerland Ukraine Jersey Montenegro Latvia North Macedonia Lithuania Portugal Norway San Marino Svalbard and Jan Mayen Serbia Islands Sweden Slovenia United Kingdom of Great Spain Britain and Northern Ireland

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World Bank groupings

The World Bank, WTO and OECD use this listing. (Please note the spelling of the categories, particularly the use of hyphens.) The list is updated online at: http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#Low_income

Use this list primarily for analysing research from these agencies.

Low-income economies ($995 or less)

Afghanistan Guinea-Bisau Senegal Benin Haiti Sierra Leone Burkina Faso Korea, Dem. People's Rep. Somalia Burundi Liberia South Sudan Central African Republic Madagascar Syrian Arab Republic Chad Malawi Tajikistan Comoros Mali Tanzania Congo, Dem. Rep Mozambique Togo Eritrea Nepal Uganda Ethiopia Niger Yemen Gambia, the Rwanda Zimbabwe Guinea

Lower-middle-income economies ($996 to $3,895)

Angola India Pakistan Bangladesh Indonesia Papua New Guinea Bhutan Kenya Philippines Bolivia Kiribati São Tomé and Principe Cabo Verde Kosovo Solomon Islands Cambodia Kyrgyz Republic Sri Lanka Cameroon Lao, People’s Dem. Rep. Sudan Congo, Rep. Lesotho Timor-Leste Côte d'Ivoire Mauritania Tunisia Djibouti Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Ukraine Egypt, Arab Rep. Moldova Uzbekistan El Salvador Mongolia Vanuatu Eswatani Morocco Viet Nam Georgia Myanmar West Bank and Gaza Ghana Nicaragua Zambia Honduras Nigeria

Upper-middle-income economies ($3,896 to $12,055)

Albania Fiji Namibia Algeria Gabon Nauru American Samoa Grenada Paraguay Armenia Guatemala Peru Azerbaijan Iran, Islamic Rep. Romania Belarus Iraq Russian Federation Belize Jamaica Samoa Bosnia and Herzegovina Jordan Serbia Botswana Kazakhstan South Africa Brazil Lebanon Saint Lucia Bulgaria Libya Saint Vincent and the Grenadines China Macedonia, FYR Suriname Colombia Malaysia Thailand Costa Rica Maldives Tonga Cuba Marshall Islands Turkey Dominica Mauritius Turkmenistan Dominican Republic Mexico Tuvalu Equatorial Guinea Montenegro Venezuela Ecuador

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High-income economies ($12,056 or more)

Andorra Germany Palau Antigua and Barbuda Gibraltar Panama Argentina Greece Poland Aruba Greenland Portugal Australia Guam Puerto Rico Austria Hong Kong SAR, China Qatar Bahamas, the Hungary Russian Federation Bahrain Iceland San Marino Barbados Ireland Saudi Arabia Belgium Isle of Man Seychelles Bermuda Israel Singapore British Virgin Islands Italy Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Brunei Darussalam Japan Slovakia Canada Korea, Rep. Slovenia Cayman Islands Kuwait Spain Channel Islands Latvia Saint Kitts and Nevis Chile Liechtenstein Saint Martin (French part) Croatia Lithuania Sweden Curaçao Luxembourg Switzerland Cyprus Macao SAR, China Taiwan, China Czechia Malta Trinidad and Tobago Denmark Monaco Turks and Caicos Islands Estonia Netherlands United Arab Emirates New Caledonia United Kingdom Finland New Zealand United States France Northern Mariana Islands Uruguay French Polynesia Norway Virgin Islands (U.S.) Oman

High-income OECD members

Australia Greece Norway Austria Hungary Poland Belgium Iceland Portugal Canada Ireland Slovak Republic Chile Italy Slovenia Czech Republic Israel Spain Denmark Japan Sweden Estonia Korea, Rep. Switzerland Finland Luxembourg United Kingdom France Netherlands United States Germany New Zealand

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