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Regional Groupings THE ITC STYLE GUIDE workload workstation rldwide worthwhile Regional Groupings 49 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Country groups by region ITC staff and external writers frequently have questions about the use of regional groupings, and which countries apply. In all cases, ITC writers should use the proper country names. These are listed separately in this guide. Key terminology to use For regional groupings by development level, the UN uses the following broad terminology: developing countries, developed countries and transition economies. There is no established convention to designate developed and developing countries. Least developed countries (which currently total 47) are a subset of developing countries. Transition economies are in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Economies is a term used in economic writing among international organizations that refers to national economies. It is often used as a synonym for country. If you are writing in business terms, use the word “country” and not “economy.” Managing differences in terminology As part of the UN system, ITC follows UN practice. However, discrepancies exist between lists provided by the UN Statistical Division and UNCTAD. For example, UNCTAD notes that UNIDO uses the term ‘emerging industrial economies’, which is not used by the UN Statistical Division or by UNCTAD. This edition of the ITC Style Guide recommends that the listing from the UN Statistical Division be used as the first reference source. The list of countries and territories is included in full. Please use the list with care. Countries are sensitive regarding their regional groupings. Consult with the Communications and Events team, or the regional country offices in the ITC Division of Country Programmes if the lists in this edition do not address your writing needs. ITC sometimes also refers to economic groupings that emerge from research conducted by WTO, OECD and the World Bank. Categories overlap but are not the same. Where possible, ITC staff should use this terminology only when quoting research from these organizations. 50 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Country regions – the United Nations Statistical Division The list is regularly updated online at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm The UN Statistical Division notes the following common practice: In international trade statistics, the Southern African Customs Union is treated as a developed region. Israel is treated as a developed country. Countries from the former Yugoslavia are treated as developing countries (ITC does not recommend this practice); and countries of eastern Europe and of the Commonwealth of Independent States in Europe are not included under either developed or developing regions. Sub-Saharan Africa includes all of Africa except northern Africa. The Sudan is in sub-Saharan Africa. North America includes Canada, the United States, the Caribbean, and Central America. Japan is in Asia; Australia and New Zealand in Oceania. Developing Regions Africa Americas excluding Northern America Caribbean Central America South America Asia excluding Japan Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand Developed Regions Northern America Europe Japan Australia and New Zealand Least developed countries (LDCs) Afghanistan Gambia Rwanda Angola Guinea Sao Tome and Principe Bangladesh Guinea-Bissau Senegal Benin Haiti Sierra Leone Bhutan Kiribati Solomon Islands Burkina Faso Lao People's Democratic Republic Somalia Burundi Lesotho South Sudan Cambodia Liberia Sudan Central African Republic Madagascar Timor-Leste Chad Malawi Togo Comoros Mali Tuvalu Democratic Republic of the Congo Mauritania Uganda Djibouti Mozambique United Republic of Tanzania Eritrea Myanmar Vanuatu Ethiopia Nepal Yemen Niger Zambia 51 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) Afghanistan Kazakhstan Republic of Moldova Armenia Kyrgyzstan Rwanda Azerbaijan Lao People's Democratic Republic South Sudan Bhutan Lesotho Swaziland Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Malawi Tajikistan Botswana Mali Turkmenistan Burkina Faso Mongolia Uganda Burundi Nepal Uzbekistan Central African Republic Niger Zambia Chad North Macedonia Zimbabwe Eswatini Paraguay Ethiopia Small island developing States (SIDS) American Samoa French Polynesia Palau Anguilla Grenada Papua New Guinea Antigua and Barbuda Guam Puerto Rico Aruba Guinea-Bissau Saint Kitts and Nevis Bahamas Guyana Saint Lucia Barbados Haiti Samoa Belize Jamaica Sao Tome and Principe Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba Kiribati Seychelles British Virgin Islands Maldives Singapore Cabo Verde Marshall Islands Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Comoros Mauritius Solomon Islands Cook Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Suriname Cuba Montserrat Timor-Leste Curaçao Nauru Tonga Dominica New Caledonia Trinidad and Tobago Dominican Republic Niue Tuvalu Fiji Northern Mariana Islands United States Virgin Islands Vanuatu Africa Eastern Africa Middle Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa British Indian Ocean Territory Angola Algeria Botswana Benin Burundi Cameroon Egypt Eswatini Burkina Faso Comoros Central African Republic Libya Lesotho Cabo Verde Djibouti Chad Morocco Namibia Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Congo Sudan South Africa Gambia Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Tunisia Ghana the Congo French Southern Territories Equatorial Guinea Western Sahara Guinea Kenya Gabon Guinea-Bissau Madagascar Sao Tome and Principe Liberia Malawi Mali Mauritius Mauritania Mayotte Niger Mozambique Nigeria Réunion Saint Helena Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Togo South Sudan Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe 52 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Oceania Australia and New Zealand Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Australia Fiji Guam American Samoa Christmas Island New Caledonia Kiribati Cook Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Papua New Guinea Marshall Islands French Polynesia Heard Island and McDonald Islands Solomon Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Niue New Zealand Vanuatu Nauru Pitcairn Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Samoa Palau Tokelau United States Minor Outlying Islands Tonga Tuvalu Wallis and Futuna Islands Americas Americas are divided into Latin America and the Caribbean and Northern America. Latin America and the Caribbean are again divided into Caribbean, Central America and South America. Caribbean Central America South America Northern America Anguilla Belize Argentina Bermuda Antigua and Barbuda Costa Rica Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Canada Aruba El Salvador Bouvet Island Greenland Bahamas Guatemala Brazil Saint Pierre and Miquelon Barbados Honduras Chile United States of America Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba Mexico Colombia British Virgin Islands Nicaragua Ecuador Cayman Islands Panama Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Cuba French Guiana Curaçao Guyana Dominica Paraguay Dominican Republic Peru South Georgia and the South Grenada Sandwich Islands Guadeloupe Suriname Haiti Uruguay Jamaica Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Martin (French part) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands 53 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Asia Central Asia Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-eastern Asia Western Asia Kazakhstan China Afghanistan Brunei Darussalam Armenia China, Hong Kong Special Kyrgyzstan Bangladesh Cambodia Azerbaijan Administrative Region China, Macao Special Tajikistan Bhutan Indonesia Bahrain Administrative Region Democratic People's Lao People's Turkmenistan India Cyprus Republic of Korea Democratic Republic Iran (Islamic Uzbekistan Japan Malaysia Georgia Republic of) Mongolia Maldives Myanmar Iraq Republic of Korea Nepal Philippines Israel Pakistan Singapore Jordan Sri Lanka Thailand Kuwait Timor-Leste Lebanon Viet Nam Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia State of Palestine Syrian Arab Republic Turkey United Arab Emirates Yemen Europe Eastern Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe Western Europe Belarus Åland Islands Albania Austria Bulgaria Channel Islands Andorra Belgium Czechia Denmark Bosnia and Herzegovina France Hungary Estonia Croatia Germany Poland Faeroe Islands Gibraltar Liechtenstein Republic of Moldova Finland Greece Luxembourg Romania Iceland Holy See Monaco Russian Federation Ireland Italy Netherlands Slovakia Isle of Man Malta Switzerland Ukraine Jersey Montenegro Latvia North Macedonia Lithuania Portugal Norway San Marino Svalbard and Jan Mayen Serbia Islands Sweden Slovenia United Kingdom of Great Spain Britain and Northern Ireland 54 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE World Bank groupings The World Bank, WTO and OECD use this listing. (Please note the spelling of the categories, particularly the use of hyphens.) The list is updated online at: http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#Low_income Use this list primarily for analysing research from these agencies. Low-income economies ($995 or less) Afghanistan Guinea-Bisau Senegal Benin Haiti Sierra Leone Burkina Faso Korea, Dem. People's Rep. Somalia Burundi Liberia South Sudan Central African Republic Madagascar Syrian Arab Republic Chad Malawi Tajikistan Comoros Mali Tanzania Congo, Dem. Rep Mozambique Togo Eritrea Nepal Uganda Ethiopia Niger Yemen Gambia, the Rwanda Zimbabwe Guinea Lower-middle-income economies ($996 to $3,895) Angola India Pakistan Bangladesh Indonesia Papua New Guinea Bhutan Kenya Philippines Bolivia Kiribati São Tomé and Principe Cabo Verde Kosovo Solomon Islands Cambodia Kyrgyz Republic Sri Lanka Cameroon Lao, People’s Dem. Rep. Sudan Congo, Rep. Lesotho Timor-Leste
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