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ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the World of Work. Sixth Edition Updated Estimates and Analysis
� ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. Sixth edition Updated estimates and analysis 23 September 2020 Key messages Latest labour market developments � The latest data confirm that working-hour losses are reflected in higher levels of unemployment and Workplace closures inactivity, with inactivity increasing to a greater � At 94 per cent, the overall share of workers residing extent than unemployment. Rising inactivity in countries with workplace closures of some sort is a notable feature of the current job crisis remains high. The share of workers in countries calling for strong policy attention. The decline in with required closures for all but essential employment numbers has generally been greater workplaces across the entire economy or in for women than for men. targeted areas is still significant, though there are large regional variations. Among upper- Labour income losses middle-income countries, around 70 per cent of � workers continue to live in countries with such These high working-hour losses have translated strict lockdown measures in place (whether into substantial losses in labour income. nationwide or in specific geographical areas), while Estimates of labour income losses (before taking in low-income countries, the earlier strict measures into account income support measures) suggest have been relaxed considerably, despite increasing a global decline of 10.7 per cent during the first numbers of COVID-19 cases. three quarters of 2020 (compared with the corresponding period in 2019), which amounts Working-hour losses: Again higher to US$3.5 trillion, or 5.5 per cent of global gross domestic product (GDP) for the first three quarters than previously estimated of 2019. -
Southern Africa's Credit Outlook: Will the Demographic Dynamics Become
14 April 2021Southern Africa’s credit outlook: Will the demographic Southerndynamics Africa’s become credit aoutlook: growth dividend Will the or social and fiscal demographicburden? dynamics become a growth dividend or social and fiscal burden? Southern Africa’s middle-income countries will continue to miss out on the demographic opportunity of having above-average numbers of people of working Analysts age unless their governments better tackle unemployment, social inequalities, and high HIV rates. The countries’ credit outlooks are at risk from the faltering growth, Dr. Zuzana Schwidrowski sharpening social tensions and growing fiscal pressures which demographics, in +49 69 6677389 48 the absence of the right policy mix, have accentuated for several years. [email protected] Make-or-break demographics are most acute in South Africa, the economic lynchpin Giulia Branz of the region on whose fortunes Eswatini, Lesotho and, to a lesser degree, +49 696677389 43 Botswana and Namibia depend. [email protected] The economy of South Africa has underperformed other emerging markets for years, with Team leader low employment, at 40-45% of the working-age population, being a permanent feature. Dr. Giacomo Barisone Growth fell below 2% a year after the global financial crisis, while the economy contracted +49 69 6677389 22 by almost 7% in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Low growth has contributed to rising [email protected] public debt over the past decade, now at 77% of GDP, up from 27% in 2008 according to Media the IMF. Real GDP growth has also fallen below population growth since the middle of the last decade, leading to declines in people’s real living standards and a widening wealth Matthew Curtin gap with high-income countries, in contrast with the experience of China and India. -
2020 09 30 USG Southern Africa Fact Sheet #3
Fact Sheet #3 Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 Southern Africa – Regional Disasters SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 SITUATION AT A GLANCE 10.5 765,000 5.4 1.7 320,000 MILLION MILLION MILLION Estimated Food- Estimated Confirmed Estimated Food-Insecure Estimated Severely Estimated Number Insecure Population in COVID-19 Cases in Population in Rural Food-Insecure of IDPs in Southern Africa Southern Africa Zimbabwe Population in Malawi Cabo Delgado IPC – Sept. 2020 WHO – Sept. 30, 2020 ZimVAC – Sept. 2020 IPC – Sept. 2020 WFP – Sept. 2020 Increasing prevalence of droughts, flooding, and other climatic shocks has decreased food production in Southern Africa, extending the agricultural lean season and exacerbating existing humanitarian needs. The COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures have worsened food insecurity and disrupted livelihoods for urban and rural households. USG partners delivered life-saving food, health, nutrition, protection, shelter, and WASH assistance to vulnerable populations in eight Southern African countries during FY 2020. TOTAL U.S. GOVERNMENT HUMANITARIAN FUNDING USAID/BHA1,2 $202,836,889 For the Southern Africa Response in FY 2020 State/PRM3 $19,681,453 For complete funding breakdown with partners, see detailed chart on page 6 Total $222,518,3424 1USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (USAID/BHA) 2 Total USAID/BHA funding includes non-food humanitarian assistance from the former Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) and emergency food assistance from the former Office of Food for Peace (USAID/FFP). 3 U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM) 4 This total includes approximately $30,914,447 in supplemental funding through USAID/BHA and State/PRM for COVID-19 preparedness and response activities. -
Conflict Prevention in the Greater Horn of Africa
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE Simulation on Conflict Prevention in the Greater Horn of Africa This simulation, while focused around the Ethiopia-Eritrea border conflict, is not an attempt to resolve that conflict: the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) already has a peace plan on the table to which the two parties in conflict have essentially agreed. Rather, participants are asked, in their roles as representatives of OAU member states, to devise a blueprint for preventing the Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict from spreading into neighboring countries and consuming the region in even greater violence. The conflict, a great concern particularly for Somalia and Sudan where civil wars have raged for years, has thrown regional alliances into confusion and is increasingly putting pressure on humanitarian NGOs and other regional parties to contain the conflict. The wars in the Horn of Africa have caused untold death and misery over the past few decades. Simulation participants are asked as well to deal with the many refugees and internally displaced persons in the Horn of Africa, a humanitarian crisis that strains the economies – and the political relations - of the countries in the region. In their roles as OAU representatives, participants in this intricate simulation witness first-hand the tremendous challenge of trying to obtain consensus among multiple actors with often competing agendas on the tools of conflict prevention. Simulation on Conflict Prevention in the Greater Horn of Africa Simulation on Conflict Prevention in the Greater Horn -
Traditional Male Circumcision in Eastern and Southern Africa: a Systematic Review of Prevalence and Complications Andrea Wilcken,A Thomas Keila & Bruce Dickb
Research Traditional male circumcision in eastern and southern Africa: a systematic review of prevalence and complications Andrea Wilcken,a Thomas Keila & Bruce Dickb Objective To systematically review studies on the prevalence and complications of traditional male circumcision (i.e. circumcision by a traditional provider with no formal medical training), whose coverage and safety are unclear. Methods We systematically searched databases and reports for studies on the prevalence and complications of traditional male circumcision in youth 10–24 years of age in eastern and southern Africa, and also determined the ages at which traditional circumcision is most frequently performed. Findings Six studies reported the prevalence of traditional male circumcision, which had been practised in 25–90% of all circumcised male study participants. Most circumcisions were performed in boys 13–20 years of age. Only two of the six studies on complications reported overall complication rates (35% and 48%) following traditional male circumcision. The most common complications were infection, incomplete circumcision requiring re-circumcision and delayed wound healing. Infection was the most frequent cause of hospitalization. Mortality related to traditional male circumcision was 0.2%. Conclusion Published studies on traditional male circumcision in eastern and southern Africa are limited; thus, it is not possible to accurately assess the prevalence of complications following the procedure or the impact of different traditional practices on subsequent adverse events. Also, differences in research methods and the absence of a standard reporting format for complications make it difficult to compare studies. Research into traditional male circumcision procedures, practices and complication rates using standardized reporting formats is needed. -
Southern Africa | 3 UNODC Mandate
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME SouthernUNODC Africa REGIONAL OFFICE Table of contents UNODC mandate ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Strategic objectives .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Border control operations ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Criminal justice and anti-corruption ........................................................................................................................ 8 Drug demand reduction .......................................................................................................................................... 10 HIV and AIDS: prevention, treatment, care and support .................................................................................... 12 Trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants .............................................................................................. 14 Victim empowerment .............................................................................................................................................. 16 Violence against women and children .................................................................................................................. 18 UNODC treaties ....................................................................................................................................................... -
Progress Brief: Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV
PROGRESS BRIEF WHO PROGRESS BRIEF VOLUNTARY MEDICAL MALE CIRCUMCISION FOR HIV PREVENTION JULY 2018 KEY HIGHLIGHTS ON THE PROGRESS OF VOLUNTARY MEDICAL MALE CIRCUMCISION (VMMC) FOR HIV PREVENTION Men making a difference for evidence from African studies. But Important preventive impact HIV prevention in 2007 the actual acceptability of circumcision and feasibility of • The 18.6 million VMMCs had • Nearly 18.6 million cumulative scaling up were unknown. already averted an estimated male circumcisions for HIV 230 000 new HIV infections by prevention were performed • By 2017, many obstacles were 2017.1 The number of infections between 2008 and 2017 in the overcome. The annual number of averted by these circumcisions is 14 priority countries of East and VMMCs reached 4.04 million. When projected to grow to 1.1 million Southern Africa (Fig. 1). services were offered, men (600 000–1.5 million) by 2030 accepted and acted to benefit even if no more MCs had been • WHO and UNAIDS based their from a package of male 2007 recommendation for male 1 Unpublished modelling estimates for WHO by Avenir Health; circumcision services that also modelling method per McGillen JB. The emerging health circumcision as an additional HIV includes safer sex education, impact of voluntary medical male circumcision in Zimbabwe: prevention intervention on an evaluation using three epidemiological models. PLoS ONE. condom promotion and HIV testing. 2018; in press. consistent and compelling Figure 1. Annual* number of voluntary medical male circumcisions performed for HIV prevention in 14 countries in East and Southern Africa, 2008–2017 4 500 000 Botswana Cumulative total: 18 581 880 through 2017 4 000 000 Eswatini Ethiopia, Gambella 3 500 000 Kenya Lesotho 3 000 000 Malawi 2 500 000 Mozambique Namibia 2 000 000 Rwanda 1 500 000 South Africa United Republic of 1 000 000 Tanzania Number of voluntary male circumcisions performed Uganda 500 000 Zambia 0 Zimbabwe 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Year *Calendar year. -
Male Circumcision: Global Trends and Determinants of Prevalence, Safety and Acceptability IWHO Library Cataloguing-In-Publication Data
Male circumcision Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability UNAIDS Department of Reproductive health and Research 20 AVENUE APPIA World Health Organization CH-1211 GENEVA 27 20 AVENUE APPIA SWITZERLAND CH-1211 GENEVA 27 SWITZERLAND T (+41) 22 791 36 66 F (+41) 22 791 41 87 T (+41) 22 791 2111 F (+41) 22 791 41 71 www.unaids.org ISBN 978 92 4 159616 9 www.who.int/reproductive-health Male circumcision: global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability IWHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Male circumcision: global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability. « UNAIDS / 07.29E / JC1320E ». 1. Circumcision, Male - trends. 2.Circumcision, Male - methods. 3.HIV infections - prevention and control. I.World Health Organization. II.UNAIDS. ISBN 978 92 4 159616 9 (WHO) (NLM classification: WJ 790) ISBN 978 92 9 173633 1 (UNAIDS) © World Health Organization and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2007 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatso- ever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Power Africa Transmission Roadmap to 2030: a Practical Approach to Unlocking Electricity Trade
POWER AFRICA TRANSMISSION ROADMAP TO 2030 A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO UNLOCKING ELECTRICITY TRADE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many individuals and organizations contributed to the development of this Power Africa Transmission Roadmap. This strategy blends ideas, input, and vision from a wide range of Power Africa’s many partners, including those serving in the U.S. Government agencies and posts across sub-Saharan Africa, the private sector, international finance institutions, and African institutions. In particular, we would like to extend a special thank you to the following people outside of the U.S. Government, who provided detailed input and insight: Actis, Lisa Pinsley; African Development Bank, Angela Nalikka, Ifeyinwa Miriam Emelife, Jacques Moulot and Omar Vajeth; Agence Française de Développement, Cyril Renault and Florent Germain; Commonwealth Development Corporation, Hanaan Marwah; Deloitte, Tunde Gbajumo; East Africa Power Pool; European Union, Georgios Grapsas; Export-Import Bank of the United States, Rick Angiuoni; Globeleq, Jonathan Hoffman, Christian Wright, Fiona Gonyea; International Renewable Energy Agency, Asami Miketa and Daniel Russo; Japan International Cooperation Agency, Kamiishi Hiroto and Wakamatsu Eiji; Korea Eximbank, Jae-Jeong Moon and Seonae Choi; Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau, Kevin Leask; Millennium Challenge Corporation, Robert Anderson and Thomas Haslett; New Partnership for Africa’s Development, Mosad Elmissiry; Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program, Grania Rosette Rubomboras; Norwegian Agency for Development -
Place of Birth for Foreign Born Population
Place of Birth for the Foreign Born Population City of Houston City of Houston Estimate Total Population 2,298,628 Total Foreign Born Population 696,210 Europe: 26,793 Northern Europe: 7,572 United Kingdom (inc. Crown Dependencies): 6,120 United Kingdom, excluding England and Scotland 2,944 England 2,714 Scotland 462 Ireland 196 Denmark 371 Norway 637 Sweden 248 Other Northern Europe 0 Western Europe: 5,660 Austria 170 Belgium 490 France 1,539 Germany 2,160 Netherlands 760 Switzerland 541 Other Western Europe 0 Southern Europe: 4,228 Greece 784 Italy 1,191 Portugal 358 Azores Islands 0 Spain 1,852 Other Southern Europe 43 Eastern Europe: 9,230 Albania 137 Belarus 58 Bulgaria 1,665 Croatia 49 Czechoslovakia (includes Czech Republic and Slovakia) 168 Hungary 774 Latvia 54 Lithuania 0 Macedonia 0 Moldova 53 Poland 1,012 Romania 769 Russia 1,857 Ukraine 974 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,052 Serbia 268 Other Eastern Europe 340 Europe, n.e.c. 103 Asia: 149,239 Eastern Asia: 32,600 China: 25,169 China, excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan 19,044 Hong Kong 1,666 Taiwan 4,459 Japan 2,974 Korea 4,457 Other Eastern Asia 0 South Central Asia: 52,626 Afghanistan 2,341 Bangladesh 2,234 India 26,059 Iran 8,830 Kazakhstan 432 Nepal 3,181 Pakistan 6,954 Sri Lanka 79 Uzbekistan 656 Other South Central Asia 1,860 South Eastern Asia: 47,298 Cambodia 951 Indonesia 1,414 Laos 237 Malaysia 1,597 Burma 1,451 Philippines 10,892 Singapore 1,009 Thailand 1,912 Vietnam 27,835 Other South Eastern Asia 0 Western Asia: 16,466 Iraq 5,773 Israel 841 Jordan 1,760 Kuwait 224 Lebanon 1,846 Saudi Arabia 2,007 Syria 1,191 Yemen 0 Turkey 1,330 Armenia 79 Other Western Asia 1,415 Asia,n.e.c. -
Regional Groupings
THE ITC STYLE GUIDE workload workstation rldwide worthwhile Regional Groupings 49 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Country groups by region ITC staff and external writers frequently have questions about the use of regional groupings, and which countries apply. In all cases, ITC writers should use the proper country names. These are listed separately in this guide. Key terminology to use For regional groupings by development level, the UN uses the following broad terminology: developing countries, developed countries and transition economies. There is no established convention to designate developed and developing countries. Least developed countries (which currently total 47) are a subset of developing countries. Transition economies are in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Economies is a term used in economic writing among international organizations that refers to national economies. It is often used as a synonym for country. If you are writing in business terms, use the word “country” and not “economy.” Managing differences in terminology As part of the UN system, ITC follows UN practice. However, discrepancies exist between lists provided by the UN Statistical Division and UNCTAD. For example, UNCTAD notes that UNIDO uses the term ‘emerging industrial economies’, which is not used by the UN Statistical Division or by UNCTAD. This edition of the ITC Style Guide recommends that the listing from the UN Statistical Division be used as the first reference source. The list of countries and territories is included in full. Please use the list with care. Countries are sensitive regarding their regional groupings. Consult with the Communications and Events team, or the regional country offices in the ITC Division of Country Programmes if the lists in this edition do not address your writing needs. -
The Chronological Evidence for the Introduction of Domestic Stock Into Southern Africa
African Archaeological Review, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1998 The Chronological Evidence for the Introduction of Domestic Stock into Southern Africa C. Britt Bousman1 This essay reviews radiocarbon dates associated with earliest evidence of domestic stock in Southern Africa and reviews existing models for their introduction in light of the current evidence. Two primary models exist for the introduction of domestic stock into Southern Africa: a early Khoisan wave or an Early Iron Age source. Neither model is completely supported by the evidence. Available chronological evidence suggests that Khoisan and Iron Age herders simultaneously ushered domestic stock into the northern and eastern regions of Southern Africa. Early Iron Age groups in southern Zambia are likely external sources. Khoisan herders exclusively introduced domestic stock into Namibia and the Cape. However, in the northern and eastern regions of Southern Africa stock possession and transfers probably were complex, and involved both Khoisan and Iron Age groups. Cet essai passe en revue des dates de radiocarbone associées à l’évidence des premières troupe de bétail en Afrique australe, et discute les different modèles de leur introduction en les comparend a l’èvidence courante. Deux modèles primaries existent pour l’introduction du bétail en l’Afrique australe: une vague tôt de Khoisan ou une première source d’âge de fer. Ni l’un ni l’autre modèle n’est complètement supporté par l’évidence. L’évidence chronologique disponible suggére que les pastoraux du Khoisan et de l’âge de fer aient simultanement conduit le betail dans les regions du nord et de l’est de l’Afrique australe.