THE ITC STYLE GUIDE workload workstation rldwide worthwhile Regional Groupings 59 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Country groups by region ITC staff and external writers frequently have questions about the use of regional groupings, and which countries apply. In all cases, ITC writers should use the proper country names. These are listed separately in this guide. Key terminology to use For regional groupings by development level, the UN uses the following broad terminology: developing countries, developed countries and transition economies. There is no established convention to designate developed and developing countries. Least developed countries (which currently total 48) are a subset of developing countries. Transition economies are in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Economies is a term used in economic writing among international organizations that refers to national economies. It is often used as a synonym for country. If you are writing in business terms, use the word “country” and not “economy.” Managing differences in terminology As part of the UN system, ITC follows UN practice. However, discrepancies exist between lists provided by the UN Statistical Division and UNCTAD. For example, UNCTAD notes that UNIDO uses the term ‘emerging industrial economies’, which is not used by the UN Statistical Division or by UNCTAD. This edition of the ITC Style Guide recommends that the listing from the UN Statistical Division be used as the first reference source. The list of countries and territories is included in full. Please use the list with care. Countries are sensitive regarding their regional groupings. Consult with the Communications and Events team, or the regional country offices in the ITC Division of Country Programmes if the lists in this edition do not address your writing needs. ITC sometimes also refers to economic groupings that emerge from research conducted by WTO, OECD and the World Bank. Categories overlap but are not the same. Where possible, ITC staff should use this terminology only when quoting research from these organizations. 60 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Country regions – the United Nations Statistical Division The list is regularly updated online at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm The UN Statistical Division notes the following common practice: • In international trade statistics, the Southern African Customs Union is treated as a developed region. Israel is treated as a developed country. Countries from the former Yugoslavia are treated as developing countries (ITC does not recommend this practice); and countries of eastern Europe and of the Commonwealth of Independent States in Europe are not included under either developed or developing regions. • Sub-Saharan Africa includes all of Africa except northern Africa. The Sudan is in sub-Saharan Africa. • North America includes Canada, the United States, the Caribbean, and Central America. • Japan is in Asia; Australia and New Zealand in Oceania. Developing Regions Africa Americas excluding Northern America Caribbean Central America South America Asia excluding Japan Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand Developed Regions Northern America Europe Japan Australia and New Zealand Least developed countries (LDCs) Afghanistan Gambia Rwanda Angola Guinea Sao Tome and Principe Bangladesh Guinea-Bissau Senegal Benin Haiti Sierra Leone Bhutan Kiribati Solomon Islands Burkina Faso Lao People's Democratic Republic Somalia Burundi Lesotho South Sudan Cambodia Liberia Sudan Central African Republic Madagascar Timor-Leste Chad Malawi Togo Comoros Mali Tuvalu Democratic Republic of the Congo Mauritania Uganda Djibouti Mozambique United Republic of Tanzania Equatorial Guinea Myanmar Vanuatu Eritrea Nepal Yemen Ethiopia Niger Zambia 61 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) Afghanistan Kazakhstan Rwanda Armenia Kyrgyzstan South Sudan Azerbaijan Lao People's Democratic Republic Swaziland Bhutan Lesotho Tajikistan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Malawi The former Yugoslav Republic of Botswana Mali Macedonia Burkina Faso Mongolia Turkmenistan Burundi Nepal Uganda Central African Republic Niger Uzbekistan Chad Paraguay Zambia Ethiopia Republic of Moldova Zimbabwe Small island developing States (SIDS) American Samoa Guam Puerto Rico Anguilla Guinea-Bissau Saint Kitts and Nevis Antigua and Barbuda Guyana Saint Lucia Aruba Haiti Samoa Bahamas Jamaica Sao Tome and Principe Barbados Kiribati Seychelles Belize Maldives Singapore British Virgin Islands Marshall Islands Solomon Islands Cabo Verde Mauritius Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Comoros Micronesia (Federated States of) Suriname Cook Islands Montserrat Timor-Leste Cuba Nauru Tonga Dominica New Caledonia Trinidad and Tobago Dominican Republic Niue Tuvalu Fiji Northern Mariana Islands United States Virgin Islands French Polynesia Palau Vanuatu Grenada Papua New Guinea Africa Eastern Africa Middle Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa Burundi Angola Algeria Botswana Benin Comoros Cameroon Egypt Lesotho Burkina Faso Djibouti Central African Republic Libya Namibia Cabo Verde Eritrea Chad Morocco South Africa Cote d'Ivoire Ethiopia Congo Sudan Swaziland Gambia Democratic Republic of Kenya Tunisia Ghana the Congo Madagascar Equatorial Guinea Western Sahara Guinea Malawi Gabon Guinea-Bissau Mauritius Sao Tome and Principe Liberia Mayotte Mali Mozambique Mauritania Réunion Niger Rwanda Nigeria Seychelles Saint Helena Somalia Senegal South Sudan Sierra Leone Uganda Togo United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Oceania 62 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Australia and New Zealand Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Australia Fiji Guam American Samoa New Zealand New Caledonia Kiribati Cook Islands Norfolk Island Papua New Guinea Marshall Islands French Polynesia Solomon Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Niue Vanuatu Nauru Pitcairn Northern Mariana Islands Samoa Palau Tokelau Tonga Tuvalu Wallis and Futuna Islands Americas Americas are divided into Latin America and the Caribbean and Northern America. Latin America and the Caribbean are again divided into Caribbean, Central America and South America. Caribbean Central America South America Northern America Anguilla Belize Argentina Bermuda Antigua and Barbuda Costa Rica Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Canada Aruba El Salvador Brazil Greenland Bahamas Guatemala Chile Saint Pierre and Miquelon Barbados Honduras Colombia United States of America Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba Mexico Ecuador British Virgin Islands Nicaragua Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Cayman Islands Panama French Guiana Cuba Guyana Curaçao Paraguay Dominica Peru Dominican Republic Suriname Grenada Uruguay Guadeloupe Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Haiti Jamaica Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint-Barthélemy Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Martin (French part) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands Asia 63 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE Central Asia Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Kazakhstan China Afghanistan Brunei Darussalam Armenia China, Hong Kong Special Kyrgyzstan Bangladesh Cambodia Azerbaijan Administrative Region China, Macao Special Tajikistan Bhutan Indonesia Bahrain Administrative Region Democratic People's Lao People's Turkmenistan India Cyprus Republic of Korea Democratic Republic Iran (Islamic Uzbekistan Japan Malaysia Georgia Republic of) Mongolia Maldives Myanmar Iraq Republic of Korea Nepal Philippines Israel Pakistan Singapore Jordan Sri Lanka Thailand Kuwait Timor-Leste Lebanon Viet Nam Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia State of Palestine Syrian Arab Republic Turkey United Arab Emirates Yemen Europe Eastern Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe Western Europe Belarus Åland Islands Albania Austria Bulgaria Channel Islands Andorra Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Bosnia and Herzegovina France Hungary Estonia Croatia Germany Poland Faeroe Islands Gibraltar Liechtenstein Republic of Moldova Finland Greece Luxembourg Romania Guernsey Holy See Monaco Russian Federation Iceland Italy Netherlands Slovakia Ireland Malta Switzerland Ukraine Isle of Man Montenegro Jersey Portugal Latvia San Marino Lithuania Serbia Norway Slovenia Sark Spain Svalbard and Jan Mayen The former Yugoslav Republic of Islands Macedonia Sweden United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 64 THE ITC STYLE GUIDE World Bank groupings The World Bank, WTO and OECD use this listing. (Please note the spelling of the categories, particularly the use of hyphens.) The list is updated online at: http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#Low_income Use this list primarily for analysing research from these agencies. Low-income economies ($1,045 or less) Afghanistan Gambia, The Niger Benin Guinea Rwanda Burkina Faso Guinea-Bisau Sierra Leone Burundi Haiti Somalia Cambodia Korea, Dem. People's Rep. South Sudan Central African Republic Liberia Tanzania Chad Madagascar Togo Comoros Malawi Uganda Congo, Dem. Rep Mali Zimbabwe Eritrea Mozambique Ethiopia Nepal Lower-middle-income economies ($1,046 to $4,125) Armenia Indonesia Samoa Bangladesh Kenya São Tomé and Principe Bhutan Kiribati Senegal Bolivia Kosovo Solomon Islands Cabo Verde Kyrgyz Republic Sri Lanka Cameroon Lao PDR Sudan Congo, Rep. Lesotho Swaziland Côte d'Ivoire Mauritania Syrian Arab Republic Djibouti Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Tajikistan Egypt, Arab Rep. Moldova Timor-Leste El Salvador Morocco Ukraine Georgia Myanmar Uzbekistan Ghana Nicaragua Vanuatu Guatemala Nigeria Vietnam Guyana Pakistan West Bank and Gaza