Front Matter

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89786-0 - The Cambridge History of French Literature Edited by William Burgwinkle, Nicholas Hammond, and Emma Wilson Frontmatter More information

the cambridge history of FRENCH LITERATURE

From Occitan poetry to francophone writing produced in the Caribbean and North Africa, from intellectual history to current films, and from medieval manuscripts to bandes dessinees´ , this His- tory covers French literature from its beginnings to the present day. With equal attention to all genres, historical periods, and reg- isters, this is the most comprehensive guide to literature written in French ever produced in English, and the first in decades to offer such an array of topics and perspectives. Contributors attend to issues of orality, history, peripheries, visual culture, alterity, sexuality, religion, politics, autobiography, and testimony. The result is a collection that, despite the wide variety of topics and perspectives, presents a unified view of the richness of French-speaking cultures and gives support to the idea that French writing will continue to prosper in the twenty-first century as it adapts, adds to, and refocuses the rich legacy of its past.

William Burgwinkle is a Reader in Old French and Occitan at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge. Nicholas Hammond is a Reader in Early Modern French The- atre and Thought at the University of Cambridge. Emma Wilson is Professor of French Literature and the Visual Arts at the University of Cambridge.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89786-0 - The Cambridge History of French Literature Edited by William Burgwinkle, Nicholas Hammond, and Emma Wilson Frontmatter More information

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF FRENCH LITERATURE

Edited by WILLIAM BURGWINKLE, NICHOLAS HAMMOND, and EMMA WILSON

cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

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c Cambridge University Press 2011

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First published 2011

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data The Cambridge history of French literature / edited by William Burgwinkle, Nicholas Hammond, Emma Wilson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-521-89786-0 (hardback) 1. French literature – History and criticism. I. Burgwinkle, William E., 1951– II. Hammond, Nicholas, 1963– III. Wilson, Emma. pq103.c26 2011 840.9 –dc22 2010051863

isbn 978-0-521-89786-0 Hardback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

Contents

Notes on contributors page xii Acknowledgements xxiii

Introduction 1 william burgwinkle, nicholas hammond, and emma wilson

1 · Manuscripts and manuscript culture 11 david f. hult

2 · The troubadours: the Occitan model 20 william burgwinkle

3 · The chanson de geste 28 finn e. sinclair

4 · Saints’ lives, violence, and community 38 emma campbell

5 · Myth and the matiere` de Bretagne 47 caroline jewers

6 · Sexuality, shame, and the genesis of romance 57 zrinka stahuljak

7 · Medieval lyric: the trouveres` 67 elizabeth w. poe

8 · The Grail 76 miranda griffin

Contents

9 · Women authors of the Middle Ages 84 barbara k. altmann

10 · Crusades and identity 93 sharon kinoshita

11 · Rhetoric and historiography: Villehardouin’s La Conqueteˆ de Constantinople 102 noah d. guynn

12 · Humour and the obscene 111 james r. simpson

13 · Travel and orientalism 121 simon gaunt

14 · Allegory and interpretation 131 karen sullivan

15 · History and ﬁction: the narrativity and historiography of the matter of Troy 139 marilynn desmond

16 · Mysticism 145 cary howie

17 · Prose romance 153 michelle r. warren

18 · Rhetoric and theatre 164 jody enders

19 · The rise of metaﬁction in the late Middle Ages 172 deborah mcgrady

20 · What does ‘Renaissance’ mean? 180 philip ford

Contents

21 · Sixteenth-century religious writing 188 gary ferguson

22 · Sixteenth-century poetry 196 james helgeson

23 · Sixteenth-century theatre 204 gillian jondorf

24 · Women writers in the sixteenth century 211 emily butterworth

25 · Sixteenth-century prose narrative 220 john o’brien

26 · Sixteenth-century thought 229 neil kenny

27 · Sixteenth-century travel writing 239 wes williams

28 · Sixteenth-century margins 246 richard regosin

29 · Tragedy: early to mid seventeenth century 253 john d. lyons

30 · Tragedy: mid to late seventeenth century 262 michael hawcroft

31 · Seventeenth-century comedy 274 larry f. norman

32 · Seventeenth-century poetry 284 alain genetiot´

33 · Seventeenth-century philosophy 295 roger ariew

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Contents

34 · Seventeenth-century women writers 306 elizabeth c. goldsmith

35 · Moraliste writing in the seventeenth century 316 richard scholar

36 · Seventeenth-century prose narrative 323 craig moyes

37 · Seventeenth-century religious writing 333 richard parish

38 · Seventeenth-century margins 343 nicholas hammond

39 · What is Enlightenment? 350 john leigh

40 · The eighteenth-century novel 359 william edmiston

41 · The eighteenth-century conte 369 robin howells

42 · Eighteenth-century comic theatre 378 russell goulbourne

43 · Eighteenth-century theatrical tragedy 385 joseph harris

44 · Eighteenth-century women writers 393 nadine berenguier´

45 · Eighteenth-century philosophy 404 wilda anderson

46 · Libertinage 412 thomas wynn

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Contents

47 · Eighteenth-century travel 420 jenny mander

48 · Eighteenth-century margins 432 pierre saint-amand

49 · The roman personnel 441 nigel harkness

50 · Romanticism: art, literature, and history 450 michele` hannoosh

51 · Realism 461 michael lucey

52 · French poetry, 1793–1863 471 rosemary lloyd

53 · Symbolism 479 patrick mcguinness

54 · Madness and writing 488 miranda gill

55 · Literature and the city in the nineteenth century 496 christopher prendergast

56 · Nineteenth-century travel writing 504 wendelin guentner

57 · Philosophy and ideology in nineteenth-century France 513 suzanne guerlac

58 · Naturalism 522 nicholas white

59 · Impressionism: art, literature, and history, 1870–1914 531 robert lethbridge

Contents

60 · Decadence 541 hannah thompson

61 · Avant-garde: text and image 549 katharine conley

62 · Autobiography 558 claire boyle

63 · The modern French novel 567 martin crowley

64 · The contemporary French novel 576 michael sheringham

65 · Existentialism 585 andrew leak

66 · Modern French thought 594 colin davis

67 · French drama in the twentieth century 603 david bradby

68 · Twentieth-century poetry 612 richard stamelman

69 · Francophone writing 621 nicholas harrison

70 · Writing and postcolonial theory 631 celia britton

71 · Travel writing, 1914–2010 639 charles forsdick

72 · French cinema, 1895–2010 649 t. jefferson kline

Contents

73 · Writing, memory, and history 662 nicholas hewitt

74 · Holocaust writing and ﬁlm 671 libby saxton

75 · Women writers, artists, and ﬁlmmakers 680 emma wilson

76 · French popular culture and the case of bande dessinee´ 689 wendy michallat

77 · Literature, ﬁlm, and new media 700 isabelle mcneill

Select bibliography 710 Index 756

Notes on contributors

barbara k. altmann is director of the Oregon Humanities Center at the University of Oregon. Her research area is late medieval French narrative and lyric poetry, and her publications include The Love Debate Poems of Christine de Pizan (1998)andAn Anthology of Medieval Love Debate Poetry (withR.BartonPalmer,2006). She has also co-edited (with Deborah McGrady) Christine de Pizan: A Casebook (2002).

wilda anderson is Professor of French in the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures at Johns Hopkins University. She is the author of Between the Library and the Laboratory: The Language of Chemistry in Eighteenth-Century France (1984)andDiderot’s Dream (1990).

roger ariew is Professor and Chair of the Philosophy Department at the University of South Florida. He is the author of Descartes and the Last Scholastics (1999) and co-author, with Dennis Des Chene, Douglas Jesseph, Tad Schmaltz, and Theo Verbeek, of the Historical Dictionary of Descartes and Cartesian Philosophy (2003); he is also editor and translator of such works as Descartes, Philosophical Essays (2000), Montaigne, Apology for Raymond Sebond (with Marjorie Grene, 2003), and Pascal, Pensees´ (2005).

nadine berenguier´ is Associate Professor of French at the University of New Hamp- shire. Her first book was L’Infortune des alliances: contrat, mariage et fiction au dix-huitieme` siecle` , and she has published articles on Anne-Ther´ ese` de Lambert, Madeleine de Puisieux, Françoise de Graffigny, Isabelle de Charriere,` and Suzanne Curchod Necker. In her forthcoming book, Conduct Books for Girls in Enlightenment France (2011), she examines the challenges posed by books targeting young female readers and outlines their reception in the eighteenth century as well as their editorial fortunes in the nineteenth century.

claire boyle is Lecturer in French at the University of Edinburgh and the author of Consuming Autobiographies: Reading and Writing the Self in Post-War France (2007). Her published research focuses on issues of identity, marginality, gender, and sexuality and the work of Hel´ ene` Cixous, Jean Genet, Georges Perec, and Nathalie Sarraute. Current research is on (especially queer) identities and testimonies and contemporary French cinema. Claire Boyle is an afﬁliate of the Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Sexuality and Gender in Europe at the University of Exeter.

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Notes on contributors

david bradby is Professor Emeritus of Royal Holloway, University of London. His books include The Theater of Michel Vinaver (1993), Beckett: Waiting for Godot (2001), and Le The´atreˆ en France de 1968 a` 2000 (2007). He has translated works by Jacques Lecoq, Michel Vinaver, and Bernard-Marie Koltes.` With Maria M. Delgado, he edits Contemporary Theatre Review.

celia britton is Professor of French and Francophone Literature at University College LondonandaFellowoftheBritishAcademy.ShehaspublishedwidelyonFrenchCaribbean literature and thought, particularly on the work of Edouard Glissant. Her books include Edouard´ Glissant and Postcolonial Theory (1999), Race and the Unconscious: Freudianism in French Caribbean Thought (2002), and The Sense of Community in French Caribbean Fiction (2008). She has also co-edited an issue of Paragraph on ‘Francophone Texts and Postcolonial Theory’ (2001), and edited a special number of L’Esprit createur´ entitled ‘France’s Colonies and the Second World War’ (2007).

william burgwinkle is a Reader in Medieval French and Occitan at Cambridge and a Fellow of King’s College. His publications include Sodomy, Masculinity and Law, 1150–1230 (2004), Love for Sale (1997), Razos and Troubadour Songs (1990), a co-edited volume entitled Signiﬁcant Others: Gender and Culture in Film and Literature, East and West (1992), and the co-authored volume (with Cary Howie), Sanctity and Pornography in Medieval Culture: On the Verge (2010).

emily butterworth is Senior Lecturer in French at King’s College, London. Her publications include Poisoned Words: Slander and Satire in Early Modern France (2006), and she is currently engaged in a project on forms of excessive speech in the early modern period.

emma campbell is Associate Professor of French at the University of Warwick. She is the author of Medieval Saints’ Lives: The Gift, Kinship and Community in Old French Hagiog- raphy (2008) and is currently working on a book-length project on translation and the untranslatable in medieval French literature.

katharine conley is Professor of French and Comparative Literature and Associate Dean for the Arts and Humanities at Dartmouth College. She is the author of books and articles on surrealist writers and artists including ‘A Swimmer between Two Worlds: Francesca Woodman’s Maps of Interior Space’ in the Journal of Surrealism and the Amer- icas (December 2008), Robert Desnos, Surrealism, and the Marvelous in Everyday Life (2003), Automatic Woman: The Representation of Woman in Surrealism (1996), and the forthcoming Surrealist Ghostliness.

martin crowley teaches French at the University of Cambridge. He is the author of L’Homme sans: politiques de la ﬁnitude (2009), The New Pornographies: Explicit Sex in Recent French Fiction and Film (with Victoria Best, 2007), Robert Antelme: l’humaniteirr´ eductible´ (2004), Robert Antelme: Humanity, Community, Testimony (2003), and Duras, Writing, and the Ethical: Making the Broken Whole (2000). He edited ‘Contact! The Art of Touch/L’Art du

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Notes on contributors

toucher’, special issue of L’Esprit createur´ (Fall 2007), and Dying Words: The Last Moments of Writers and Philosophers (2000).

colin davis is Professor of French at Royal Holloway, University of London. His research falls principally in the area of post-war French ﬁction and thought, with a particular interest in the connections between philosophy, literature, and ﬁlm. His principal publications are Michel Tournier: Philosophy and Fiction (1988), Elie Wiesel’s Secretive Texts (1994), Levinas: An Introduction (1996), Ethical Issues in Twentieth-Century French Fiction: Killing the Other (2000), French Fiction in the Mitterrand Years (co-authored with Elizabeth Fallaize, 2000), After Poststructuralism (2003), Haunted Subjects: Deconstruction, Psychoanalysis and the Return of the Dead (2007), and Scenes of Love and Murder: Renoir, Film and Philosophy (2009).

marilynn desmond is Distinguished Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Binghamton University. Her publications include Reading Dido: Gender, Textuality and the Medieval Aeneid (1994)andOvid’s Art and the Wife of Bath: The Ethics of Erotic Violence (2006), and she is co-author (with Pamela Sheingorn) of Myth, Montage and Visuality: Christine de Pizan’s Othea (2003).

william edmiston is Professor of French at the University of South Carolina. His publications include Diderot and the Family (1985), Hindsight and Insight: Focalization in Four Eighteenth-CenturyFrenchNovels (1991), and, as co-author, LaFrancecontemporaine (3rd edition 2005).

jody enders is Professor of French and Theatre at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She is the author of numerous articles and four books on the interplay of rhetoric, law, and the theatrical culture of the European Middle Ages, among them Death by Drama and Other Medieval Urban Legends (2002)andMurder by Accident: Medieval Theater, Modern Media, Critical Intentions (2009).

gary ferguson is Professor of French at the University of Delaware. He has published numerous studies on sixteenth-century literature and culture, dealing in particular with the history of religion, devotional poetry, women’s writing, and questions of gender and sexuality. In 2008, he authored Queer (Re)Readings in the French Renaissance: Homosexuality, Gender, Culture and edited L’Homme en tous genres: masculinites,´ textes et contextes.

philip ford is Professor of French and Neo-Latin Literature at the University of Cam- bridge. His interests focus on the relationship between humanism and writing, particularly poetry. Publications include a book on Ronsard’s Hymnes (1997), proceedings of nine con- ferences on the French Renaissance organised in Cambridge, and a work on the reception of Homer: De Troie aIthaque:r` eception´ des epop´ ees´ homeriques´ alaRenaissance` (2007).

charles forsdick is James Barrow Professor of French at the University of Liverpool. His books include Victor Segalen and the Aesthetics of Diversity (2000), Travel in Twentieth- Century French and Francophone Cultures (2005), and Ella Maillart,‘Oasis interdites’(2008). He is co-editor of Francophone Postcolonial Studies: A Critical Introduction (2003)andPostcolonial Thought in the French-Speaking World (2009).

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Notes on contributors

simon gaunt is Professor of French Language and Literature at King’s College London. His publications include Love and Death in Medieval French and Occitan Courtly Literature (2006), Retelling the Tale (2001), Gender and Genre (1995), and the co-edited volumes The Troubadours: An Introduction and The Cambridge Companion to Medieval French Literature (1999 and 2008, both with Sarah Kay). He is currently working on medieval travel writing.

alain genetiot´ is Professor of French Literature at the University of Nancy and General Editor of the journal xviieSiecle` . His interests focus on French Classicism and seventeenth- century poetry. He has published Les Genres lyriques mondains (1990), Poetique´ du loisir mondain, de Voiture a` La Fontaine (1997)andLe Classicisme (2005), and edited L’Eloge´ lyrique (2008).

miranda gill is Lecturer in French at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Jesus College.Herresearchfocusesonthehistoryofpsychologicalconceptsinpost-revolutionary French culture from the perspective of intellectual history and rhetorical analysis. She has worked extensively on the concept of eccentricity in relation to the cultural history of nineteenth-century Paris, publishing various articles on this subject. A full-length study entitled Eccentricity and the Cultural Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Paris was published in 2009.

elizabeth c. goldsmith is Professor of French at Boston University. Her books include Lettres de femmes (co-edited with Colette Winn, 2005), Publishing Women’s Life Stories in France, 1647–1720 (2001), Going Public: Women and Publishing in Early Modern France (co-edited with Dena Goodman, 1996), Writing the Female Voice: Essays on Epistolary Literature (1989), and Exclusive Conversations: The Art of Interaction in Seventeenth-Century France (1988). She has also co-edited the memoirs of Marie Mancini with Patricia Cholakian (1998).

russell goulbourne is Professor of Early Modern French Literature at the University of Leeds. His research focuses in part on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French drama. He has published critical editions of a number of Voltaire’s plays and is the author of Voltaire Comic Dramatist (2006).

miranda griffin is College Lecturer in French at St Catharine’s College, Cambridge. She has published articles on the lais,thefabliaux, Christine de Pizan, and the Vulgate Cycle. Her book, The Object and the Cause in the Vulgate Cycle, was published in 2005.She is currently working on a book about transformation and rewriting, entitled Transforming Narratives.

wendelin guentner is Professor of French and International Studies at the University of Iowa and has published widely on nineteenth-century French literature and culture. The author of Stendhal et son lecteur: essai sur les ‘Promenades dans Rome’ (1989) and Esquisses litteraires:´ rhetorique´ du spontaneetr´ ecit´ de voyage au xixesiecle` (1997), she has also published on women art critics, and her edition of essays on this topic, Vanishing Acts: Women Art Critics in Nineteenth-Century France, is forthcoming. She is currently working on two books, one on the sketch in nineteenth-century cultural discourse in France and another on Jules Claretie’s La Vie aParis` (1881–1913).

Notes on contributors

suzanne guerlac is Professor of Modern French Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Her interests include the examination of cultural ideologies and articulations between literature and philosophy, and literature and the visual arts. She is the author of The Impersonal Sublime: Hugo, Baudelaire, Lautreamont´ (1990), Literary Polemics: Bataille, Sartre, Valery,´ Breton (2000), and Thinking in Time: An Introduction to Henri Bergson (2006); and she is co-editor (with Pheng Cheah) of Derrida and the Time of the Political (2009).

noah d. guynn is Associate Professor of French at the University of California, Davis, and author of Allegory and Sexual Ethics in the High Middle Ages (2007). He is currently working on a new book: The Many Faces of Farce: Ethics, Politics, and Urban Culture in Late Medieval and Early Modern France.

nicholas hammond is a Reader in Early Modern French Theatre and Thought at Cambridge University and is the author of Playing with Truth: Language and the Human Condition in Pascal’s Pensees´ (1994), Creative Tensions: An Introduction to Seventeenth-Century French Literature (1997), Fragmentary Voices: Memory and Education at Port-Royal (2004)and Gossip, Sexuality and Scandal in France (1610–1715) (2011). He is also the editor of The Cambridge Companion to Pascal (2003), and of the series New Readings: Introductions to European Literature and Culture.

michele` hannoosh is Professor of French at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She has published widely on nineteenth-century French literature, art, and society, including Parody and Decadence: Laforgue’s Moralites´ legendaires´ (1989), Baudelaire and Caricature: From the Comic to an Art of Modernity (1992), and Painting and the Journal of Eugene` Delacroix (1995). She has recently brought out a major new edition of Delacroix’s Journal (2009).

nigel harkness is Senior Lecturer in French at Queen’s University Belfast, and has published widely on women’s writing in nineteenth-century France. He is the author of Men of their Words: The Poetics of Masculinity in George Sand’s Fiction (2007), and is currently working on a project on literary–sculptural intersections in nineteenth-century French literature.

joseph harris is Senior Lecturer in French at Royal Holloway, University of London, specialising in early modern French theatre and spectatorship. He is the author of Hidden Agendas: Cross-Dressing in Seventeenth-Century France (2005) and editor of a special issue of Nottingham French Studies entitled ‘Identiﬁcation before Freud: French Perspectives’ (Autumn 2008).

nicholas harrison is Professor of French and Postcolonial Studies at King’s College London. His main publications are two books, Circles of Censorship (1995)andPostcolonial Criticism: History, Theory and the Work of Fiction (2003), and two edited collections of essays, ‘The Idea of the Literary’, a special issue of Paragraph (28.2, 2005) and ‘Gillo Pontecorvo’s Battle of Algiers, 40 Years On’, a special issue of Interventions (9.3, 2007).

michael hawcroft is Fellow and Tutor in French at Keble College, Oxford, and the author of Word as Action: Racine, Rhetoric and Theatrical Language (1992), Rhetoric: Readings in French Literature (1999), and Moliere:` Reasoning with Fools (2007).

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Notes on contributors

james helgeson is a Lecturer in French at the University of Nottingham and has previously taught at Columbia University and Cambridge University. He is the author of Harmonie divine et subjectivitepo´ etique´ chez Maurice Sceve` (2001) and is currently working on subjectivity in the early modern period.

nicholas hewitt is Professor of French at the University of Nottingham and editor of French Cultural Studies. He has worked extensively on French literary and cultural history in the ﬁrst half of the twentieth century, and is the author of books on Troyat, interwar intellectual malaise, Celine,´ and the ‘Hussards’. He is the editor of The Cambridge Companion to Modern French Culture.

robin howells is Professor Emeritus of French at Birkbeck, University of London. He is the author notably of Disabled Powers: A Reading of Voltaire’s ‘Contes’ (1993), Playing Simplicity: Polemical Stupidity in the Writing of the French Enlightenment (2002), and Regressive Fictions: Grafﬁgny, Rousseau, Bernardin (2007), along with numerous articles principally in the ﬁeld of the French eighteenth century.

cary howie is Assistant Professor of Romance Studies at Cornell University. He is the author of Claustrophilia: The Erotics of Enclosure in Medieval Literature (2007) and co-author, with William Burgwinkle, of Sanctity and Pornography in Medieval Culture: On the Verge (2010).

david f. hult is Professor of French at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of Self-Fulﬁlling Prophecies: Readership and Authority in the First Romance of the Rose (1986) and editor and translator of Chretien´ de Troyes’s Le Chevalier au lion (Yvain) (1994), the Cycle de la Belle Dame sans Mercy (2003), and La Mort du Roi Artu (2009). He has also translated into English the documents known as The Debate of the Romance of the Rose (2010), and has published widely on Alain Chartier, Christine de Pizan, Jean de Meun, medieval theatre, textual traditions and manuscript traditions of literary texts.

caroline jewers is an Associate Professor at the University of Kansas. She has published widely on medieval romance, including Chivalric Fiction and the History of the Novel (2000), on the troubadours, and on diverse topics involving medievalism, popular culture, and ﬁlm.

gillian jondorf is Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge, and was formerly Senior Lecturer in the Department of French at Cambridge University. She is the author of Robert Garnier and the Themes of Political Tragedy in the Sixteenth Century (1969)andFrench Renaissance Tragedy: The Dramatic Word (1990).

neil kenny is Reader in Early Modern French Literature and Thought at Cam- bridge University. He is the author of An Introduction to Sixteenth-Century French Liter- ature and Thought: Other Times, Other Places (2008), The Uses of Curiosity in Early Mod- ern France and Germany (2004), Curiosity in Early Modern Europe: Word Histories (1998), and The Palace of Secrets: Beroalde´ de Verville and Renaissance Conceptions of Knowledge (1991).

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Notes on contributors

sharon kinoshita teaches World Literature and Cultural Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She is the author of Medieval Boundaries: Rethinking Difference in Old French Literature (2006) and co-director of several projects in Mediterranean Studies. Her current project is Medieval Literature and the Eastern Culture of Empire.

t. jefferson kline is Professor of French in the Department of Romance Studies at Boston University. His publications include Andre´ Malraux and the Metamorphosis of Death (1973), Bertolucci’s Dream Loom: A Psychoanalytic Study of Cinema (1987), I ﬁlm di Bertolucci (1992), and Screening the Text: Intertextuality in New Wave French Film (1992). He is co-editor of Bernardo Bertolucci: Interviews (2000), Unraveling French Cinema (2009) and, with the late Naomi Schor, Decadent Subjects (2002) by Charles Bernheimer. Kline currently serves on the editorial board of Studies in French Cinema (UK).

andrew leak is Professor of French at University College London. His publications include Sartre (2006), Barthes: Mythologies (1994), and The Perverted Consciousness: Sexuality and Sartre (1989); and he has co-edited Sartre Today (with Adrian van den Hoven, 2005)and The Holocaust and the Text: Speaking the Unspeakable (with George Paizis, 1999).

john leigh is a Lecturer in Eighteenth-Century French Thought and Literature at Cambridge University. He is the author of The Search for Enlightenment (1999)andVoltaire’s Sense of History (2004). He is also the editor of Beaumarchais, the Figaro Plays (1998)and Voltaire, Letters upon the English Nation (2007). He is currently writing a biography of Voltaire.

robert lethbridge is Honorary Professor of Nineteenth-Century French Literature at the University of Cambridge and Professor Emeritus of French Language and Literature in the University of London. His publications include Maupassant:‘Pierre et Jean’ (1984), Artistic Relations: Literature and the Visual Arts in Nineteenth-Century France (co-edited with Peter Collier, 1994), and editions of Maupassant’s Bel-Ami and Zola’s L’Assommoir, Pot-Bouille, and La Deb´ acleˆ , as well as some ﬁfty essays, in scholarly journals and collective volumes, on French naturalism, late nineteenth-century French painting, Bourget, Merim´ ee,´ and Fromentin.

rosemary lloyd did a PhD and taught at Cambridge, then moved to Indiana Uni- versity, from where she retired in 2007 to return to South Australia. Her main interests are in nineteenth- and twentieth-century poetry and prose, especially their relationships with painting. Her publications include The Cambridge Companion to Baudelaire (2005)and Baudelaire’s Literary Criticism (1986), Closer and Closer Apart: Jealousy in Literature (1995), The Land of Lost Content: Children and Childhood in Nineteenth-Century French Literature (1992), and many translations, essays, and introductions.

michael lucey is Professor of French and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Berkeley, and the author of Gide’s Bent: Sexuality, Politics, Writing (1995), The Misﬁt of the Family: Balzac and the Social Forms of Sexuality (2003), and Never Say I: Sexuality and the First Person in Colette, Gide, and Proust (2006).

xviii

Notes on contributors

john d. lyons is Commonwealth Professor of French at the University of Virginia. He is the author of Exemplum: The Rhetoric of Example in Early Modern France and Italy (1989), The Tragedy of Origins: Pierre Corneille and Historical Perspective (1996), Kingdom of Disorder: The Theory of Tragedy in Seventeenth-Century France (1999), and Before Imagination: Embodied Thought From Montaigne to Rousseau (2005).

jenny mander is a Senior Lecturer in French at Cambridge University and Director of Studies at Newnham College. She is the author of Circles of Learning: Narratology and the Eighteenth-Century French Novel (1999) and editor of Remapping the Rise of the European Novel (2007). She is currently working on eighteenth-century colonialism, islands, and the abbe´ Raynal’s Histoire philosophique des Deux Indes.

deborah mcgrady is Associate Professor at the University of Virginia. She is the author of Controlling Readers: Guillaume de Machaut and his Late Medieval Audience (2006)andco- editor (with Barbara Altmann) of Christine de Pizan: A Casebook (2002). She is currently writing a study entitled The Gift of Literature: Reinventing Patronage during the Hundred Years War.

patrick mcguinness teaches French at Oxford University and is a Fellow of St Anne’s Oxford. His books include Maurice Maeterlinck and the Making of Modern Theatre (2000), a translation of Mallarme’s´ For Anatole’s Tomb, and two collections of poems. In addition, he has co-edited many volumes, including: Belgique entre deux siecles` (2007), From Art-Nouveau to Surrealism (2007), and Selected Writings of T. E. Hulme (1998).

isabelle mcneill is an Afﬁliated Lecturer in the Department of French, University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity Hall. Her publications include Memory and the Moving Image: French Film in the Digital Era (2010), and essays on theories of memory, Godard, ﬁlm and new media, and Agnes` Varda’s exhibition L’Ileˆ et Elle. She co-edited Transmission: Essays in French Literature, Thought and Cinema (2007) and is currently working on the postcolonial journey in cinema. She is a co-founder and trustee of the Cambridge Film Trust, which runs the Cambridge Film Festival.

wendy michallat is Lecturer in French at the University of Shefﬁeld and co-editor of Lesbian Inscriptions in Francophone Society and Culture (with Renate Gunther,¨ 2007). She has published essays on French queer cinema, bandes dessinees´ , pop culture, and media.

craig moyes is a lecturer in the French Department at King’s College London, specialising in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French and comparative literature. He has most recently edited a special issue of Etudes´ franc¸aises, entitled ‘L’Echelle´ des valeurs au xviie siecle:` le commensurable et l’incommensurable’ (45.2, 2009) and is currently completing a book on Furetiere’s` Roman bourgeois.

larry f. norman is Associate Professor in the Department of Romance Languages at the University of Chicago. He is the author of The Public Mirror: Moliere` and the Social Commerce of Depiction (1999)andThe Shock of the Ancient: Literature and History in Early Modern France

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Notes on contributors

(2011). Among the volumes he has co-edited are Du spectateur au lecteur: imprimer la scene` aux xvieetxviiesiecles` (2002)andRevolutions´ homeriques´ (2009). He is currently completing a book on the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns.

john o’brien is Professor of French Renaissance Literature at Royal Holloway, Uni- versity of London. He is the author of Anacreon redivivus (1995) and of ‘La Chaleur de la narration’: le cas Martin Guerre entre histoire et recit´ (forthcoming). He is the editor of Remy´ Belleau’s Les Odes d’Anacreon´ (1995), Distant Voices Still Heard (2000), and The Cambridge Companion to Rabelais (2010).

richard parish is a Professor of French at Oxford University. His work on religious polemic includes Pascal’s Lettres provinciales: A Study in Polemic (1989), and editions of La Bruyere’s` Dialogues posthumes sur le quietisme´ (2005) and of Voltaire’s annotations of Condorcet, Eloge´ et Pensees´ de Pascal (2008). In 2009 he delivered the Bampton Lectures in Oxford,withthetitle:‘Le christianisme est etrange´ : Christian particularity in Writing of the French Seventeenth Century’.

elizabeth w. poe is a Professor at Tulane University, New Orleans, and is the author of Compilatio: Lyric Texts and Prose Commentaries in Troubadour Manuscript H (Vat Lat 3207) (2000)andFrom Poetry to Prose in Old Provenc¸al: The Emergence of the Vidas, the Razos, and the Razos de Trobar (1984). She has written numerous articles on texts of disputed attribution, lexical items of uncertain meaning, and the reception of troubadour poetry in medieval and Renaissance Italy.

christopher prendergast is a Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge and a Professor Emeritus of the University of Cambridge. His publications include The Classic: Sainte- Beuve and the Nineteenth-Century Culture Wars (2007), For the People by the People?: Eugene` Sue’s Les Mysteres` de Paris; a Hypothesis in the Sociology of Literature (2003), TheTriangleof Representation (2000), Napoleon and History Painting (1997), Paris and the Nineteenth Century (1992), The Order of Mimesis (1986), and numerous edited volumes.

richard l. regosin is Professor of French and Italian at the University of California, Irvine. His publications include Montaigne’s Unruly Brood: Textual Engendering and the Chal- lenge to Paternal Authority (1996), The Matter of My Book: Montaigne’s ‘Essais’ as the Book of the Self (1977), and Agrippa d’Aubigne’s´ ‘Les Tragiques’: The Poetry of Inspiration (1970).

pierre saint-amand is Francis Wayland Professor and Professor of French Studies and Comparative Literature at Brown University. His publications include: Diderot: le labyrinthe de la relation (1984), Les Lois de l’hostilite´ (1992), and The Libertine’s Progress (1994). He is the editor of Ther´ ese` philosophe (2000)andConfession d’une jeune ﬁlle in Romanciers libertins du xviiiesiecle` (2005). He has completed a new book, Idle Enlightenment: The Pursuit of Laziness in Eighteenth-Century France.

libby saxton is Senior Lecturer in French and Film Studies at Queen Mary University of London. She is author of Haunted Images: Film, Ethics, Testimony and the Holocaust (2008), co-author, with Lisa Downing, of Film and Ethics: Foreclosed Encounters (2009), and co-editor,

Notes on contributors

with Simon Kemp, of Seeing Things: Vision, Perception and Interpretation in French Studies (2002).

richard scholar is University Lecturer in French and a Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. He is the author of Montaigne and the Art of Free-Thinking (2010)andThe Je-Ne-Sais-Quoi in Early Modern Europe: Encounters with a Certain Something (2005), and the co-editor of several volumes, including Thinking with Shakespeare: Comparative and Interdisciplinary Essays (2007), Pre-Histories and Afterlives: Studies in Critical Method (2009), and Fiction and the Frontiers of Knowledge in Europe, 1500–1800 (2010).

michael sheringham is Marshal Foch Professor of French Literature, University of Oxford. He has been President of the UK Society of French Studies, General Editor of Cambridge Studies in French, Visiting Professor at Paris VII, Paris IV, and Bordeaux III, and Pagus Distinguished French Visitor at the University of California, Berkeley. His publications include Everyday Life: Theories and Practices from Surrealism to the Present (2006), Beckett: Molloy (1986), and French Autobiography: Devices and Desires (1993); and he has edited Parisian Fields (1996), and TheArtoftheProject(with J. Gratton, 2005).

james r. simpson is a Senior Lecturer in French at the University of Glasgow. He is the author of Animal Body, Literary Corpus: The Old French ‘Roman de Renart’ (1996), Fan- tasy, Identity and Misrecognition in Medieval French Narrative (2000), and Troubling Arthurian Histories: Court Culture, Performance and Scandal in Chretien´ de Troyes’s ‘Erec et Enide’ (2007).

finn e. sinclair is a Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge, and Afﬁliated Lecturer in the Department of French. She is the author of Milk and Blood: Gender and Genealogy in the ‘Chansons de geste’(2003) and the co-editor (with Rebecca Dixon) of the volume, Poetry, Knowledge and Community in Late Medieval France (2008). She is currently working on a book about the interrelation of history and ﬁction in the later Middle Ages.

zrinka stahuljak is Associate Professor of French and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author of Bloodless Genealogies of the French Middle Ages (2005), co-editor of Minima Memoria: Essays in the Wake of Jean-Franc¸ois Lyotard (2007), and co-author of Thinking through Chretien´ de Troyes (2010). She is currently completing a book, ‘Pornographic Archeology’: Medieval Sexuality in Nineteenth-Century France.

richard stamelman is the former William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of the Humanities at Wesleyan University and is Professor of Romance Languages and Comparative Literature Emeritus at Williams College. He now serves as the Executive Director of the Montgomery Endowment, Dartmouth College. His publications include The Drama of Self in Guillaume Apollinaire’s ‘Alcools’ (1976), Lost Beyond Telling: Representations of Death and Absence in Modern French Poetry (1990), Perfume: Joy, Obsession, Scandal, Sin (2008),and(co-editedwithMary Ann Caws) Ecrire´ le livre: autour d’Edmond Jabes` (1989).

karen sullivan is Professor of Literature at Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. She is the author of Truth and the Heretic: Crises of Knowledge in Medieval French Literature (2005), The Interrogation of Joan of Arc (1999), and The Inner Lives of Medieval

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Notes on contributors

Inquisitors (2011). She has published widely on medieval French and Occitan literature, heresy, and inquisition, and is currently working on a project entitled The Danger of Romance.

hannah thompson is a Senior Lecturer in French at Royal Holloway, University of London. She has published widely on nineteenth-century French prose ﬁction and is the author of Naturalism Redressed: Identity and Clothing in the Novels of Emile Zola (2004). She is currently completing a study of hitherto unnoticed references to female sexual pleasure, disability, weakened masculinity, torture, cruelty, murder, illness, and childbirth in works by Hugo, Sand, Zola, Rachilde, Mirbeau, and Barbey d’Aurevilly, amongst others.

michelle r. warren is Professor of Comparative Literature at Dartmouth College. She is the author of History on the Edge: Excalibur and the Borders of Britain (1100–1300) (2000) and Creole Medievalism: Colonial France and Joseph Bedier’s´ Middle Ages (2011), and co-editor of Postcolonial Moves: Medieval through Modern (2003)andArts of Calculation: Quantifying Thought in Early Modern Europe (2004).

nicholas white teaches French at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of Emmanuel College. He is the author of The Family in Crisis in Late Nineteenth-Century French Fiction (1999). In addition to a range of articles and chapters in this domain, he has edited translations of Zola’s L’Assommoir (1995) and Huysmans’s A` Rebours and co-edited the journal Dix-Neuf (since its inception in 2003), in addition to three volumes of essays: Scarlet Letters: Fictions of Adultery from Antiquity to the 1990s (with Naomi Segal, 1997), Currencies: Fiscal Fortunes and Cultural Capital in Nineteenth-Century France (2005), and After Intimacy: The Culture of Divorce in the West since 1789 (with Karl Leydecker, 2007).

wes williams is a University Lecturer in French at Oxford University and a Fellow of St Edmund Hall. His research concerns travel writing, critical theory, and monsters. Publications include: Pilgrimage and Narrative in the French Renaissance (1998) and Mighty Magic: Monsters and their Meanings in Early Modern Culture (forthcoming).

emma wilson is Professor of French Literature and the Visual Arts at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Corpus Christi College. Her publications include Sexuality and the Reading Encounter (1996), French Cinema since 1950: Personal Histories (1999), Memory and Survival: The French Cinema of Krzysztof Kieslowski (2000), Cinema’s Missing Children (2003), Alain Resnais (2006), and Atom Egoyan (2009).

thomas wynn is Senior Lecturer in French at Durham University. His research focuses on eighteenth-century theatre and libertinage, and his publications include Sade’s Theatre: Pleasure, Vision, Masochism (2007). He is editor of C. J. F. Henault,´ Franc¸ois II, roi de France (2006) and several contributions to the Complete Works of Voltaire.

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Acknowledgements

The editors would like to thank the following: Esther Palmer for her invaluable administrative help; Chantal Hamill for preparing the index; Linda Bree and Maartje Scheltens of Cambridge University Press for overseeing the project at its various stages; Tom O’Reilly for shepherding us through the ﬁnal steps; and all the contributors to this volume.

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