DOCSLIB.ORG

Prediction of Climate Extremes for Decision-Making

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prediction of Climate Extremes for Decision-Making Prediction of Climate Extremes for Decision-making Modeling Science, Technology & Innovation Conference [Washington DC, May 17, 2016] V. Ramaswamy Director, NOAA/ Oceans and Atmospheric Research/ Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Weather/ Climate events have had widespread impacts on society Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory 2 Changing Conditions Accurate, Regional Predictions/Projections: Societal Information across Diverse Sectors Life and Aviation Maritime Space Forests Property Operations Emergency Commerce Ports Energy Hydropower Management Reservoir Infrastructure Construction Agriculture Recreation Control Ecosystems Health Environment Careful preparations are required to seize opportunities, and minimize risks and vulnerabilities “End-to-End” Observations, Monitoring, and Modeling Weather-to-Climate Predictions Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory 4 Alignment of Strategy OAR Strategic Plan Research Research Development Development Transition Transition CLIMATE CLIMATE WEATHER OCEANS COASTS NOAA Research: Serving Society Through Science 5 What information is needed for decisions? Timely, credible, useful - across all time scales e.g. Disaster e.g. Crop e.g. Infrastructure management Selection, Water development planning and management response Mid-Range Predictions Predictability WEATHER CLIMATE 0 days 15 days 30 days 2 mo 3 mo Public Gridded Lead Time Forecasts (out to 7 days) Temp/Precip Outlooks (1 & 3 Months) Hurricane Track Forecasts (out to 5 days) 7 Prediction of Extremes: It is Math and requires Computations! Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Elements of the Prediction System 1. GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS Atmosphere and ocean observations across globe. 2. DYNAMICAL MODEL Solving mathematical formulations Image sources: NOAA/PMEL and of the processes in the coupled Argo.ucsd.edu atmosphere-ocean-land-ice system, using NOAA’s High-Performance Computers. 3. DATA ASSIMILATION Combines sparse observations with model, to estimate present state, using the dynamical model. 4. ANALYSIS & DISSEMINATION Output from predictions, produce “useful” information, communicating predictions. Tornado warning lead-times have not improved in 10 years! Average = 13 minutes Appear to have reached the limit for our current technologies and science…. NSSL developed the basis for the NWS’ NEXRAD (WSR-88D) radar. Between 1992 and 2004, NEXRAD produced a societal benefit >$3 billion (vs. $1.7B NEXRAD cost) 3 Next Generation High Impact Weather Warnings (FACETs* Concept) Ve ry • Detailed forecast tornado Close! probabilities (colored areas) provided by NSSL’s Warn-on- Forecast ensemble • More advanced notice using Over- rapidly updated models and Advanced less overwarning compared to warned standard warnings Notice • Refined, user-specific info provided on modern Be technology (updated every 2 Alert! minutes) • Driven by research in meteorological and social Take science Cover Now! • Benefits to NWS, FEMA, Tornado Track private sector developers, public safety *Forecasting a Continuum of Environmental Threats Increasing number of model gridcells improves ability to simulate rainfall over land in North America (and globally) Low-res. Model (2007) Obs. High-res. Very High-res. Model (2012) Model (2015) (costs 24x) (costs 144x) Model Projections of Heat Waves Ratio: 2041-2070 to 1971-2000 Climate Change Scenario (RCP 4.5) Duration # Events/yr # Heat wave days/yr Input Midwest 1.5 2.7 4.0 Natl Climate Northern Plains 1.3 3.8 4.8 Assessment Pacific Northwest 1.3 2.4 3.0 SE Canada 1.2 2.5 2.9 Texas-Oklahoma 1.8 2.6 4.5 Mid-Atlantic 1.4 2.7 3.8 California 1.9 2.3 4.3 Gulf Coast 1.2 3.2 4.0 Southwest 2.2 2.9 6.4 Wyoming/Montana/ 2.2 2.6 5.7 Idaho The North American Multi-Model Ensemble NMME - An unprecedented multi-model system to improve seasonal climate prediction • Based on leading climate Developing ENSO forecast Winter 2014 – 2mo lead models in the US and Canada • Research supported by NOAA and other US agencies. • Participating Organizations • NOAA/NCEP • NOAA/GFDL • NASA/GMAO • NCAR • Environment Canada • U. Miami • IRI • COLA NMME-based Drought Prediction NMME is being applied as a core element of a drought prediction system Standard Precipitation Index – 3 month outlook SPI: A statistical method for calculating rainfall anomalies. (Real-time verification of SPI, as well as precipitation and temperature, is found on the Climate Prediction Center Website: www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov) Vulnerability + Exposure interact with climate change to produce added Risk Exposure: Being in the wrong place at the wrong time RISK Vulnerability: The predisposition of a person or group to be adversely affected 16 Growth in exposure to current 100-yr coastal flooding by 2070 – all 3 factors matter Hanson at al Climatic Change 2011 Modest amount of sea level rise can yield a huge impact SIRR 2013 Agency Roles and Responsibilities DoD (Navy/AF) NOAA Operations: Global tactical and strategic support Operations: US, territories, treaty support. (including to DoS for National Security Planning) Weather: land (US), coastal oceans/fisheries Weather: Ship, aircraft, installation, deployment Climate: global atmosphere, oceans, land, support including targeting cryosphere, stratosphere Ocean: surface to bottom globally world-wide observations Research to further thatIntersection: mission Land: trafficability and global coupled air-ocean-landNear--icespace: communications model capability Research to further these missions DoE encompassing processes in tropical-mid- NASA Research: Climate modeling tolatitude determine-polar impacts, teleconnections Climate modeling that are to investigate climate sensitivity possible mitigation of climate change.key to Requiresprediction of high-impactIRT multiple forcings Satellite remote sensing coverage/new data integrated air, ocean, land,events ice andover the U.S. and around the biogeochemical capabilities types/data assimilation techniques for extended world range prediction NSF Discovery-driven research in geosciences (air, ocean, land, ice) plus science drivers, which include data assimilation, predictability science, and observation network design and utility, for NSCI- driven next generation HPC architectures The Rising Demand for Climate Information COASTS COMMERCE RECREATION ECOSYSTEMS THERE IS AN URGENT AND GROWING NEED FOR RELIABLE, TRUSTED, TRANSPARENT, AND TIMELY CLIMATE INFORMATION ACROSS ALL SECTORS OF OUR ECONOMY. PRIVATE SECTOR FARMING HYDROPOWER HEALTH 20 The END Thank you for your attention! Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparing Historical and Modern Methods of Sea Surface Temperature
    EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Open Access Open Access Natural Hazards Natural Hazards and Earth System and Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Chemistry Chemistry and Physics and Physics Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Measurement Measurement Techniques Techniques Discussions Open Access Open Access Biogeosciences Biogeosciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Climate Climate of the Past of the Past Discussions Open Access Open Access Earth System Earth System Dynamics Dynamics Discussions Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific Open Access Instrumentation Instrumentation Methods and Methods and Data Systems Data Systems Discussions Open Access Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific Model Development Model Development Discussions Open Access Open Access Hydrology and Hydrology and Earth System Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Ocean Sci., 9, 683–694, 2013 Open Access www.ocean-sci.net/9/683/2013/ Ocean Science doi:10.5194/os-9-683-2013 Ocean Science Discussions © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Open Access Open Access Solid Earth Solid Earth Discussions Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface Open Access Open Access The Cryosphere The Cryosphere temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, Discussions field comparisons and dataset adjustments J. B. R. Matthews School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada Correspondence to: J. B. R. Matthews ([email protected]) Received: 3 August 2012 – Published in Ocean Sci. Discuss.: 20 September 2012 Revised: 31 May 2013 – Accepted: 12 June 2013 – Published: 30 July 2013 Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) has been obtained 1 Introduction from a variety of different platforms, instruments and depths over the past 150 yr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unnamed Atlantic Tropical Storms of 1970
    944 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW Vol. 99, No. 12 UDC 551.515.23:661.507.35!2:551.607.362.2(261) “1970.08-.lo” THE UNNAMED ATLANTIC TROPICAL STORMS OF 1970 DAVID B. SPIEGLER Allied Research Associates, Inc., Concord, Mass. ABSTRACT A detailed analysis of conventional and aircraft reconnaissance data and satellite pictures for two unnamed Atlantic Ocean cyclones during 1970 indicates that the stqrms were of tropical nature and were probably of at least minimal hurricane intensity for part of their life history. Prior to becoming a hurricane, one of the storms exhibited characteristics not typical of any of the recognized classical cyclone types [i.e., tropical, extratropical, and subtropical (Kona)]. The implications of this are discussed and the concept of semitropical cyclones as a separate cyclone category is advanced. 6. INTRODUCTION ing recognition of hybrid-type storms provides additional support for the recommendation. During the 1970 tropical cyclone season, tn7o storms occurred that were not given names at the time. The 2. UNNAMED STORM NO. I-AUG. Q3-$8, 6970 National Hurricane Center (NHC) monitored their prog- ress and issued bulletins throughout their life history but A mell-organized tropical disturbance noted on satellite they mere not officially recognized as tropical cyclones of pictures during August 8, south of the Cape Verde Islands tropical storm or hurricane intensity. In their annual post- in the far eastern tropical Atlantic, intensified to ti strong season summary of the hurricane season, NHC discusses depression as it moved westmarcl. On Thursday, August 13, these storms in some detail (Simpson and Pelissier 1971) some further intensification of the system appeared to be but thej- are not presently included in the official list of taking place while the depression was about 250 mi 1970 tropical storms.
    [Show full text]
  • Automated Underway Oceanic and Atmospheric Measurements from Ships
    AUTOMATED UNDERWAY OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS FROM SHIPS Shawn R. Smith (1), Mark A. Bourassa (1), E. Frank Bradley (2), Catherine Cosca (3), Christopher W. Fairall (4), Gustavo J. Goni (5), John T. Gunn (6), Maria Hood (7), Darren L. Jackson (8), Elizabeth C. Kent (9), Gary Lagerloef (6), Philip McGillivary (10), Loic Petit de la Villéon (11), Rachel T. Pinker (12), Eric Schulz (13), Janet Sprintall (14), Detlef Stammer (15), Alain Weill (16), Gary A. Wick (17), Margaret J. Yelland (9) (1) Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2840, USA, Emails: [email protected], [email protected] (2) CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, AUSTRALIA, Email: [email protected] (3) NOAA/PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA, Email: [email protected] (4) NOAA/ESRL/PSD, R/PSD3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA, Email: [email protected] (5) USDC/NOAA/AOML/PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA, Email: [email protected] (6) Earth and Space Research, 2101 Fourth Ave., Suite 1310, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA, Emails: [email protected], [email protected] (7) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission UNESCO, 1, rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, FRANCE, Email: [email protected] (8) Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, NOAA/ESRL/PSD, 325 Broadway, R/PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305, USA, Email: [email protected] (9) National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK, Emails: [email protected],
    [Show full text]
  • Section 5 Development of and Studies with Regional and Smaller-Scale
    Section 5 Development of and studies with regional and smaller-scale atmospheric models, regional ensemble forecasting Verification of mesoscale forecasts by a high resolution non-hydrostatic model at JMA Kohei Aranami and Tomonori Segawa Numerical Prediction Division, 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 1 Introduction etary boundary layer is reduced to be half of 10km- Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) started op- NHM. The horizontal mixing length is reduced to erating a mesoscale numerical weather prediction the same value of that of vertical. system for disaster prevention in March 2001 us- The Kessler-type conversion threshold from con- ing a hydrostatic model (MSM) with a horizon- vective condensate to precipitation is increased tal resolution 10 km. A non-hydrostatic model and life times of deep and shallow convection are (JMANHM, Saito et al., 2006, hereafter 10km- changed in the Kain Fritsch cumulus parameteri- NHM) has been operating since September 2004 zation scheme (Kain and Fritsch, 1993) that affects with the same horizontal resolution. The horizon- greatly the accuracy of precipitation forecasts. tal resolution is planned to be enhanced to 5 km 3 Verification results (5km-NHM) in March 2006 on the new computer In this section, the performance of 5km-NHM is system of JMA. shown in terms of statistical verification scores in 2 Specifications of 5km-NHM comparison with 10km-NHM for the period of June In this section, the specifications which are to July in 2004 and January to February in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aerograph Will Be Mailed the First of September
    Before I get started with whatever it is I am going to say, I have an important bit of information for you. "AFTER TALKING WITH JIM STONE AND GETTING CONCURRENCE FROM THE PRESIDENT, THERE IS GOING TO BE A CHANGE IN THE DATES FOR THE AUGUST AEROGRAPH. SINCE INPUT WAS DUE BY JULY 15TH AND THE REUNION WON'T BE OVER TILL JULY 24TH, THE DATES FOR THE AUGUST AEROGRAPH WILL BE MOVED FORWARD ONE MONTH. I WILL NEED YOUR INPUT BY AUGUST 15TH AND THE AEROGRAPH WILL BE MAILED THE FIRST OF SEPTEMBER. THIS WILL ACCOMMODATE BEING ABLE TO PRINT THE MINUTES FROM THE EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL MEETINGS OF THE 19TH REUNION." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- In the last issue I said I would be in my new office and would have looked up and different subjects that we have asked for articles on, and print them in this issue. Well, I was partly right. I did get the office built in the garage but, for what-ever reason, I haven't gotten to the past issues to check on subject material. IT WILL BE IN THE MAY ISSUE. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- It seems as though everyone is asking for money these days, and NWSA is right in their pitching. Jim Stone has an article asking for a small donation to pay for the new computer the association just purchased for the Secretary/Treasurer. Jim mentioned in this issue that these donations are tax deductible. President Roby mentioned in his article that, due to low interest rates, we might be limited in our giving of scholarships this year.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Maritime Meteorological Archive (IMMA) Format
    The International Maritime Meteorological Archive (IMMA) Format Shawn R. Smith1, Eric Freeman2,3, Sandra J. Lubker4, Scott D. Woodruff2,5, Steven J. Worley6, William E. Angel2, Dave I. Berry7, Philip Brohan8, Zaihua Ji6, Elizabeth C. Kent7 1Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS), Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA 2 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Asheville, USA 3STG. Inc., Asheville, USA 4 Formerly NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, USA 5 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, USA 6National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, USA 7National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Southampton, UK 8Met Office, Exeter, UK (DRAFT) Updated Report (15 September 2016) 1 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................... 3 Background ........................................................................................................... 4 Original IMMA0 format structure ........................................................................... 6 Original IMMA0 format implementation ................................................................. 7 Format Modifications Resulting in IMMA1 ............................................................. 9 References ......................................................................................................... 12 Supplement A: Existing Formats and Codes .....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ship Rout(E)Ing
    Marine Forecasting Course - 2013 Introduction to Ship Rout(e)ing Dr. Thomas Bruns Deutscher Wetterdienst Hamburg Marine Forecasting Course - 2013 [email protected] Outline A short History of Ship Routing Ocean Waves and other Hazards Climate & Weather Navigation Route Optimization Ship Performance Onboard & Shore-based Routing Marine Forecasting Course - 2013 [email protected] 2 A Short History of Ship Routing 1855 Maury published his Sailing Directions Read More : http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/516637/Sailing-Directions 1912 RMS Titanic sank on April 15th 1914 "International Convention for the Safety Of Life At Sea" was initiated. 1955 First commercial Ship Routing Services in USA 1959 Foundation of the „International Maritime Organization“ (IMO) 1959 Ship Routing Service launched at German Weather Service (DWD) 1974 SOLAS 74 : The convention was updated and amended Marine Forecasting Course - 2013 [email protected] 3 The SOLAS‘74 - Convention Chapter V - Safety of navigation Chapter V identifies certain navigation safety services which should be provided by Contracting Governments and sets forth provisions of an operational nature applicable in general to all ships on all voyages. This is in contrast to the Convention as a whole, which only applies to certain classes of ship engaged on international voyages. The subjects covered include the maintenance of meteorological services for ships; the ice patrol service; routing of ships; and the maintenance of search and rescue services. Read More: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOLAS_Convention Marine Forecasting Course - 2013 [email protected] 4 The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System The German vessel MS „München“ sank in a severe northatlantic storm in December 1978.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting Review
    meeting review Eighth Cyclone Workshop Scientific Summary, Val Morin, Quebec, Canada, 12-16 October 1992 Rainer Bleck,* Howard Bluestein,+ Lance Bosart,@ W. Edward Bracken,@ Toby Carlson,++ Jeffrey Chapman,@ Michael Dickinson,@ John R. Gyakum,++ Gregory Hakim,@ Eric Hoffman,@ Haig lskenderian,@ Daniel Keyser,@ Gary Lackmann,@ Wendell Nuss,@@ Paul Roebber,@ Frederick Sanders,*** David Schultz,@ Kevin Tyle,@ and Peter Zwack+++ Abstract in the Washington, D.C., area in October 1978. Donald Johnson chaired a preliminary planning meeting (at- The Eighth Cyclone Workshop was held at the Far Hills Inn and tending were Lance Bosart, John Cahir, John Conference Center in Val Morin, Quebec, Canada, 12-16 October Hovermale, Carl Kreitzberg, Chester Newton, Norman 1992. The workshop was arranged around several scientific themes Phillips, Frederick Sanders, Phillip Smith, Ronald Tay- of current research interest. The most widely debated theme was the applicability of "potential vorticity thinking" to theoretical, observa- lor, Dayton Vincent, and Johnson) in which it was tional, and numerical studies of the life cycle of cyclones and the generally agreed that a focused research effort on the interaction of these cyclones with their environment on all spatial extratropical cyclone should be initiated and carried and temporal scales. A combination of invited and contributed talks, out, and the findings debated at periodic scientific with preference given to younger scientists, made up the workshop. workshops. Johnson agreed to serve as the chair of the informal Extratropical Cyclone Project Steering Com- 1. Workshop background mittee (other steering committee members included David Baumhefner, Bosart, Hovermale, Smith, Taylor, Working scientists and students interested in cy- and Vincent), which would arrange and organize the clone-related research problems have used the venue workshops.
    [Show full text]
  • Advances in the Applications of Marine Climatology
    WORLD METEOROLOGICAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION COMMISSION (OF UNESCO) JOINT WMO/IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY ADVANCES IN THE APPLICATIONS OF MARINE CLIMATOLOGY The Dynamic Part of the WMO Guide to the Applications of Marine Meteorology WMO/TD-No. 1081 2003 JCOMM Technical Report No. 13 WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (OF UNESCO) ADVANCES IN THE APPLICATIONS OF MARINE CLIMATOLOGY The Dynamic Part of the WMO Guide to the Applications of Marine Meteorology WMO/TD-No. 1081 2003 JCOMM Technical Report No. 13 N O T E The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariats of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (of UNESCO), and the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD . v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi INTRODUCTION . vii SECTION 1 MARINE DATABASE ENHANCEMENTS . 1 COADS updates and the blend with the UK Met Office Marine Data Bank . 3 The Kobe Collection: newly digitized Japanese historical surface marine meteorological observations . 11 An archive of underway surface meteorology data from WOCE . 20 SECTION 2: EVALUATION OF MARINE DATA SOURCES . 26 The accuracy of marine surface winds from ships and buoys . 27 Report on Beaufort equivalent scales . 41 Evaluation of ocean winds and waves from voluntary observing ship data . 53 Evaluation of NCEP reanalysis surface marine wind fields for ocean wave hindcasts . 68 SECTION 3: METADATA AND DATA QUALITY . 87 Improving global flux climatology: the role of metadata .
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean Weather Ships
    OCEAN WEATHER SHIPS SOME NAVIGATIONAL AND OCEANOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS b y C. E. N. F r a n k c o m Meteorological Office, London Since 1954 there have been 9 ocean stations in the North Atlantic and it seems likely that these stations will be manned for many years to come. The North Atlantic Ocean Station Agreement, under which this scheme is operated, originated in 1947, when 13 ocean stations were established — primarily for the purpose of providing a permanent network of meteo­ rological observations, surface and upper air, to supplement the observations provided voluntarily by merchant ships. The chief reason was to provide better meteorological facilities for trans-Atlantic aircraft, but it has been found in practice that the information provided by this network is also essential for general meteorological purposes. This is particularly true now that the electronic computer has made numerical forecasting possible; all weather forecasting nowadays is based upon a study of meteorological conditions in the upper air as well as at the surface. In 1949, the number of stations was reduced to 10 for reasons of economy and in 1954 it was reduced to its present number of 9 (see Fig. 1 which also shows some of the main airline tracks across the North Atlantic). The general principle of the North Atlantic Ocean Station Agreement, which operates under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organisation, is that all those countries which operate aircraft across the Atlantic contribute to the scheme, the amount of each contribution being based upon the number of scheduled flights across the ocean; some countries make their contribution by operating ships to man the stations, whereas the others contribute cash.
    [Show full text]
  • Ship-Based Contributions to Global Ocean, Weather, and Climate Observing Systems
    fmars-06-00434 July 31, 2019 Time: 20:8 # 1 REVIEW published: 02 August 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00434 Ship-Based Contributions to Global Ocean, Weather, and Climate Observing Systems Shawn R. Smith1*, Gaël Alory2, Axel Andersson3, William Asher4, Alex Baker5, David I. Berry6, Kyla Drushka4, Darin Figurskey7, Eric Freeman8, Paul Holthus9, Tim Jickells5, Henry Kleta10, Elizabeth C. Kent6, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk11, Martin Kramp12, Zoe Loh13, Paul Poli14, Ute Schuster15, Emma Steventon16, Sebastiaan Swart17,18, Oksana Tarasova19, Loic Petit de la Villéon20 and Nadya Vinogradova-Shiffer21 1 2 Edited by: Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States, LEGOS, 3 Minhan Dai, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France, Maritimes Datenzentrum, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hamburg, Germany, 4 5 Xiamen University, China Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, 6 National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom, Reviewed by: 7 Ocean Prediction Center, NOAA National Weather Service, College Park, MD, United States, 8 ERT, Inc., National Centers Andrea Storto, for Environmental Information/CCOG, Asheville, NC, United States, 9 World Ocean Council, Honolulu, HI, United States, NATO Centre for Maritime Research 10 Maritimes Messnetz, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hamburg, Germany, 11 Laboratory of Ocean Physics, University of Brest, and Experimentation, Italy Plouzané, France,
    [Show full text]
  • History Group Newsletter
    HISTORY GROUP NEWSLETTER News, views and a miscellany published by the Royal Meteorological Society’s Special Interest Group for the History of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography Issue No.2, 2014 CONTENTS Introduction ............................................... 1 INTRODUCTION Forthcoming meeting .................................. 1 Darwin and FitzRoy play .............................. 2 from Malcolm Walker, History Group Chairman The history of weather ships ....................... 3 I am sorry this issue of the newsletter is a month or 100 years ago .............................................. 6 so late. Thank you for being patient. I had to get my Under-reporting of tornadoes ..................... 7 book about the organs and organists of Exeter Recording the wind, Part 2 .......................... 8 Cathedral to the publisher by the end of July. World War II ocean weather ships ............... 9 Thank you also to those who have contributed 175 years ago .............................................. 11 articles to this newsletter. Please keep fingers on 75 years ago ................................................. 12 word processor (or typewriter) keys and send me Pressure ...................................................... 13 articles for the autumn 2014 newsletter. The New Occasional Paper ................................. 13 deadline is 15 October. Southwick House, summer 1944 ................. 14 This newsletter acknowledges a number of The man who named clouds ........................ 17 anniversaries: 75 years since the outbreak of the Our Society, 150 years ago .......................... 17 Second World War, 70 years since D-Day and, of Sir Napier Shaw Christmas Card ................... 18 course, 100 years since the Great War began. You The wet weather in January 1877 ................ 18 will see that the newsletter also contains items from D-Day meteorology revisited ....................... 20 150 and 175 years ago, as well as something from South Polar Times, Volume IV ...................... 21 1877.
    [Show full text]