DOCSLIB.ORG

Downloaded from Brill.Com09/29/2021 03:00:54AM Via Free Access 374 Appendices Table 1 Military Swimming in Ancient Land Battles (Cont.)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Downloaded from Brill.Com09/29/2021 03:00:54AM Via Free Access 374 Appendices Table 1 Military Swimming in Ancient Land Battles (Cont.) Appendices table 1 Military swimming in ancient land battles Date Location / battle Protagonists Means Source 883–59 BCE Turbulent river Assyrians Aided: inflated Palace of (reliefs) skins Aššurnasirpal II Unaided (British Museum) (drowning?) 522 BCE Tigris R. / Persians under Aided: inflated Bisitun inscriptiona Rebellion of Darius I skins / camels / Nadintabaira horseback Lake / Mettus Curtius Unaided: in Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. Roman-Sabine (Sabine) armor 2.42.5–6, 2.46.3 conflict under Livy suggests on C. Calpurnius Piso Romulus horseback (Varro Ling. 5.149) Livy 1.12.8–10, 1.13.5 c. 508 BCE Pons Horatius Cocles Unaided: in Polyb. 6.55 Sublicius over armor and Livy 2.10.1–13 Tiber R. / Rome wounded Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. vs. Etruscan Lars 5.23.3–25.4 Porsenna Verg. Aen. 8.649–50 Frontin. Str. 2.13.5. Plut. Vit. Publicola 16.4–7 Plut. Mor. Parallela Graeca et Romana 307d–e Val. Max. 3.2.1 Juv. 3.8.261–65 Flor. 1.10 (1.4.4–5) Cass. Dio 45.31 (Cicero) a Kuhrt, 144 (no. 18). © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2021 | doi:10.1163/9789004446199_017 John M. McManamon - 9789004446199 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 03:00:54AM via free access 374 Appendices table 1 Military swimming in ancient land battles (cont.) Date Location / battle Protagonists Means Source c. 508 BCE Tiber R. / Rome Cloelia Unaided: with Livy 2.13.6–11 vs. Etruscan Lars other female Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. Porsenna hostages 5.33.1–4, 5.35.2 Verg. Aen. 8.651 Sil. Pun. 10.488–502 Plut. Vit. Publicola 18.2–19.5 Val. Max. 3.2.2 Juv. 3.8.261–65 Flor. 1.10 (1.4.8) Cass. Dio 45.31 (Cicero) 480–79 BCE Aegean Gulf / Persians under Unaided: Hdt. 8.89, 129 Siege of Potidaea Artabazus drowned if did (Persian Wars) not know how to swim 426 BCE Tiber R. / Romans Veientes in flight Unaided: Livy 4.33.10–12 (reign of Tullus vs. Veientes unarmed (only a (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. Hostilius and allies from few swam across 3.25.1–5) 672–41 BCE) Fidenae while experi- enced swimmers drowned) 426/425 BCE Ambracian Gulf Ambracians Unaided Thuc. 3.112.5–8 / battle of Olpae (Greeks) (Peloponnesian War) 401 BCE Euphrates R. 10,000 Greeks Aided: animal Xen. An. 1.5.10 skins carried as tent covers and stuffed with hay Tigris R. Persians Aided: rafts made Xen. An. 2.4.28 of skins Centrites (Zirmas 10,000 Greeks Unaided: Greek Xen. An. 4.3.6–12 / Zarm) R. scouts Aided: army at ford John M. McManamon - 9789004446199 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 03:00:54AM via free access Appendices 375 table 1 Military swimming in ancient land battles (cont.) Date Location / battle Protagonists Means Source 396 BCE Straits of Messina Messenians Unaided across Diod. Sic. 14.57.4–5 (Greeks) Straits (25%) 390/387 BCE battle of the Allia Romans in flight Unaided: bravest Diod. Sic. 14.114–15 River / Gauls vs. in armor / rest Livy 5.38.5–9 Romans threw away arms / many lacked skill 390/387 BCE Tiber R. / Gallic Roman Pontius Aided: cork float Diod. Sic. 14.116.3–5 siege of Rome Cominius Livy 5.46.8–10 Plut. Vit. Cam. 25 Frontin. Str. 3.13.1 389 BCE Bay of Scalea / Thurini (Greeks) Unaided Diod. Sic. 14.102.1–2 Laus (S. Bartolo di Marcellina) 389/88 BCE Hellespont / Athenians under Aided: olive oil Frontin. Str. 1.4.7 Battle at Abydus Iphicrates and wine vs cold 355/54 BCE Sardon Philip of Unaided: Plut. Mor. Parallela (Sandanus) Macedon wounded Graeca et Romana R. / battle of 307d–e Methone 352 BCE Pagasetic Gulf / Phocians Unaided: Diod. Sic. battle of Crocus (Greeks) stripped off 16.35.5–6 Field armor 333 BCE Cydnus R. / Alexander Unaided: swam? Curt. 3.5.1–6 Campaign of bathed? Just. Epit. 11.8.3–9 Alexander Plut. Vit. Alex. 19.2 Arr. Anab. 2.4.7 Luc. Domus 1 332 BCE Mediterranean / Tyrians Unaided (“with- Arr. Anab. 2.19.4, Siege of Tyre (Phoenicians) out difficulty” 2.20.9–10, 2.22.5 from fireship and rammed galleys) 331 BCE Danube R. at Macedonian Aided: dugout Arr. Anab. 1.3.5–4.5 island of Peuce / soldiers canoes / rafts Triballian allies from tent covers of Getae stuffed with hay John M. McManamon - 9789004446199 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 03:00:54AM via free access 376 Appendices table 1 Military swimming in ancient land battles (cont.) Date Location / battle Protagonists Means Source 329 BCE Oxus (Amu Macedonian Aided: hides Curt. 7.5.17–18 Darya) R. / soldiers stuffed with Arr. Anab. 3.29.2–4 Alexander vs. straw (five days Bessus of Bactria for entire army) 329 BCE Iaxartes (Tanais Macedonian Aided: hoplites Curt. 7.8.6, 7.9.2–5 / Syr Darya) R. soldiers and cavalry on / Alexander vs. rafts / light- Scythians armed soldiers on skins stuffed with straw 327 BCE Nysa (India) Alexander Did not know Plut. Vit. Alex. 58.4 (lament) how to swim 326 BCE Hydaspes Macedonian and Unaided: Curt. 8.13.12–16 (Jhelum) R. Hindi soldiers Macedonian (island) / youths carried Alexander vs. lances / Hindi King Porus undetected 326 BCE Hydaspes R. Macedonian Aided: ford / Curt. 8.13.17–27 (island for cross- soldiers boats / skin rafts Arr. Anab. ing) 5.11.1–13.4 Acesines Macedonian Aided: boats / Arr. Anab. 5.20.8–10 (Chenab) R. / soldiers hides stuffed Alexander in with straw India Confluence of Alexander’s flag- Aided: swam Diod. Sic. 17.97.1–3 Hydaspes and ship caught in supported by Curt. 9.4.8–14 Acesines R. / rapids friends? Alexander in prepared to India swim? 325 BCE Indus R. (tidal Macedonian Unaided: swam Curt. 9.9.9–19 bore) / Alexander crews to dry spots in India 325 BCE Arabian Sea Macedonian Unaided: light- Arr. Indica 23.2–3 (squall at soldiers on ships armed troops Cabana) / fleet of that sank swam to shore Nearchus nearby John M. McManamon - 9789004446199 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 03:00:54AM via free access Appendices 377 table 1 Military swimming in ancient land battles (cont.) Date Location / battle Protagonists Means Source 325 BCE Lagoon where Macedonian sol- Unaided: light- Arr. Indica 24.5–8 Hingol (Tomerus) diers in amphibi- armed troops R. met Arabian ous attack swam to shallows Sea / Fisheaters 321 BCE Nile R. / wars Macedonian sol- Unaided: better Diod. of the Diadochi diers in flight swimmers saved Sic. 18.34.6–35.6 (Perdiccas vs by discarding Ptolemy) arms / those not skilled drowned or eaten by crocodiles 316 BCE Coprates R. / Macedonian Unaided: most Diod. Sic. 19.18.4–6 Eumenes of soldiers routed swimmers Cardia vs. (Antigonus could perished / 4,000 Antigonus not help them non-swimmers Monophthalmus without boats) surrendered 279 BCE Spercheius R. / Tolistobogii Aided: circular Paus. 10(Phocis, Gallic Tolistobogii (swimmers and shield as float / Ozolian Locri).20.6–8 vs. Greeks tallest soldiers) tall waded 229/228 BCE River in Spain / Carthaginian Aided: swept Diod. Sic. 25.10.4 Carthaginians vs. Hamilcar Barkas from horse saving Orissans sons 222/221 BCE Tigris R. at Seleucid soldiers Unaided: drunk Polyb. 5.46.7–48.9 Ctesiphon / of Antiochus III and drowned Antiochus III vs Megas Molon 218 BCE Rhône R. / Spanish aux- Aided: Spaniards Livy 21.27.1–28.12 Second Punic iliaries and swam on shields War cavalry(?) of over skins stuffed Hannibal with clothes 218 BCE Po R. / Second Carthagian cav- Unaided Lucius Coelius Punic War alry and Spanish Aided: elephant Antipater auxiliaries dam (Livy 21.47.4–6) Questioned by Cass. Dio 14 fr. Livy (even if they (Zonar. 8.24) used inflated skins) John M. McManamon - 9789004446199 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 03:00:54AM via free access 378 Appendices table 1 Military swimming in ancient land battles (cont.) Date Location / battle Protagonists Means Source 218 BCE battle of the Roman soldiers Unaided: many Livy 21.54–56 Trebia (Trebbia) in flight perished due to App. Hann. 7.24–29 River / Second weight of armor Sil. Pun. 4.585–97 Punic War 217 BCE battle of Lake Roman soldiers Unaided: Polyb. 3.84.8–11 Trasimene / in flight perished due to App. Han. 7.39–42 Second Punic weight of armor Livy 22.6.5–7 War / suicide to avoid slaughter 216 BCE? Volturnus Roman Unaided: dis- Plin. HN 17.7 (Volturno) R. / Frondicius guised by branch Second Punic War 171 BCE Peneus R. / Third Roman soldiers Unaided: at night Livy 42.61.6–8 Macedonian War in flight from Macedonians 168 BCE Aegean Sea near Galatians (under Aided: on Livy 44.28.6–13 Erythrae / Third Eumenes II of horseback? Macedonian War Pergamum) 168 BCE Thermaic Gulf / Macedonians in Unaided: Livy 44.42.4–6 battle of Pydna retreat weaponless c. 168–64 BCE Canal at Eleusis Egyptian Unaided: naked / Diod. Sic. 31.15a.1–4 (Alexandria) / Dionysius in flight palace revolt Petosarapis 160 BCE Jordan R. / Jonathan and fel- Unaided Joseph. AJ 13.1.3.14 Maccabean Revolt low Jewish rebels 1 Macc. 9.43–50 147 BCE Harbor of Carthaginian sol- Unaided: carry- App. Pun. 8.124 Carthage / Third diers on suicide ing unlit torches Punic War mission 105/104 BCE Rhône R. after Roman soldier Unaided: Plut. Vit. Sert. 3.1 battle of Arausio Sertorius wounded / (Orange) with shield and breastplate 102/101 BCE Adige R. / Marius German Cimbri Unaided: winter Flor. 3.3 (1.38.12–13) vs Cimbri (“barbaric / tried to swim / idiocy”) log dam John M.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Resettlement Into Roman Territory Across the Rhine and the Danube Under the Early Empire (To the Marcomannic Wars)*
    Eos C 2013 / fasciculus extra ordinem editus electronicus ISSN 0012-7825 RESETTLEMENT INTO ROMAN TERRITORY ACROSS THE RHINE AND THE DANUBE UNDER THE EARLY EMPIRE (TO THE MARCOMANNIC WARS)* By LESZEK MROZEWICZ The purpose of this paper is to investigate the resettling of tribes from across the Rhine and the Danube onto their Roman side as part of the Roman limes policy, an important factor making the frontier easier to defend and one way of treating the population settled in the vicinity of the Empire’s borders. The temporal framework set in the title follows from both the state of preser- vation of sources attesting resettling operations as regards the first two hundred years of the Empire, the turn of the eras and the time of the Marcomannic Wars, and from the stark difference in the nature of those resettlements between the times of the Julio-Claudian emperors on the one hand, and of Marcus Aurelius on the other. Such, too, is the thesis of the article: that the resettlements of the period of the Marcomannic Wars were a sign heralding the resettlements that would come in late antiquity1, forced by peoples pressing against the river line, and eventu- ally taking place completely out of Rome’s control. Under the Julio-Claudian dynasty, on the other hand, the Romans were in total control of the situation and transferring whole tribes into the territory of the Empire was symptomatic of their active border policies. There is one more reason to list, compare and analyse Roman resettlement operations: for the early Empire period, the literature on the subject is very much dominated by studies into individual tribe transfers, and works whose range en- * Originally published in Polish in “Eos” LXXV 1987, fasc.
    [Show full text]
  • Bullard Eva 2013 MA.Pdf
    Marcomannia in the making. by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies Eva Bullard 2013 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Marcomannia in the making by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member During the last stages of the Marcommani Wars in the late second century A.D., Roman literary sources recorded that the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was planning to annex the Germanic territory of the Marcomannic and Quadic tribes. This work will propose that Marcus Aurelius was going to create a province called Marcomannia. The thesis will be supported by archaeological data originating from excavations in the Roman installation at Mušov, Moravia, Czech Republic. The investigation will examine the history of the non-Roman region beyond the northern Danubian frontier, the character of Roman occupation and creation of other Roman provinces on the Danube, and consult primary sources and modern research on the topic of Roman expansion and empire building during the principate. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 74-10,982
    INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. White the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tacitus, Germania, 98 CE Tacitus Was Probably Born in 56 Or 57 CE in Northern Italy Into an Equestrian (Minor Noble) Family. He
    Tacitus, Germania, 98 CE As to the Germans themselves, I think it probable that they are Tacitus was probably born in 56 or 57 CE in Northern Italy into an indigenous and that very little foreign blood has been introduced either by equestrian (minor noble) family. He had quite a successful career in invasions or by friendly dealings with neighbouring peoples. For in former Roman public service, holding both military and civil offices, culminating in becoming the proconsul of the Roman province of Asia, 112-113 CE. He times it was not by land but on shipboard that would-be immigrants wrote a several literary and historical works, many of which criticize faults arrived; and the limitless ocean that lies beyond the coasts of Germany, and in Roman society by comparing them to others. Germania is not a travel as it were defies intruders, is seldom visited by ships from our part of the story, nor even a personal account. Instead, Tacitus drew upon earlier writers, and possibly talked to contemporaries who had been there to world. And to say nothing of the perils of that wild and unknown sea, who compile an ethnographic and geographical description of Germania would have been likely to leave Asia Minor, North Africa, or Italy, to go to (which includes parts of present-day France and Germany), especially the Germany with its forbidding landscapes and unpleasant climate - a country customs and culture of the various tribes who lived there, whom the Romans generally called “barbarians.”1 that is thankless to till and dismal to behold for anyone who was not born 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Editing of Eddic Poetry Judy Quinn
    A HANDBOOK TO EDDIC POETRY This is the first comprehensive and accessible survey in English of Old Norse eddic poetry: a remarkable body of literature rooted in the Viking Age, which is a critical source for the study of early Scandinavian myths, poetics, culture, and society. Dramatically recreating the voices of the legendary past, eddic poems distil moments of high emotion as human heroes and supernatural beings alike grapple with betrayal, loyalty, mortality, and love. These poems relate the most famous deeds of gods such as Óðinn and Þórr with their adversaries the giants; they bring to life the often fraught interactions between kings, queens, and heroes as well as their encounters with valkyries, elves, dragons, and dwarfs. Written by leading international scholars, the chapters in this volume showcase the poetic riches of the eddic corpus and reveal its relevance to the history of poetics, gender studies, pre-Christian religions, art history, and archaeology. carolyne larrington is Official Fellow and Tutor at St John’s College, University of Oxford. judy quinn is Reader in Old Norse Literature in the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic at the University of Cambridge. brittany schorn is a Research Associate in the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic at the University of Cambridge. A HANDBOOK TO EDDIC POETRY Myths and Legends of Early Scandinavia CAROLYNE LARRINGTON University of Oxford JUDY QUINN University of Cambridge BRITTANY SCHORN University of Cambridge University Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
    [Show full text]
  • Idistaviso 16 Ad
    IDISTAVISO 16 AD ROMANS Germanicus, Roman General, 4 CPs Roman subordinate commander I, 3 CPs Roman subordinate commander II, 3 CPs Roman subordinate commander III, 3 CPs Germanicus’ praetorian cohorts (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, A Grade, MV +2): 2 stands Vexillation I of legionary cohorts (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, A Grade, MV +1): 3 stands Vexillation II of legionary cohorts (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, A Grade, MV +1): 3 stands Vexillation III of legionary cohorts (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, A Grade, MV +1): 3 stands Vexillation IV of legionary cohorts (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, A Grade, MV +1): 3 stands Vexillation V of legionary cohorts (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, A Grade, MV 0): 3 stands Vexillation VI of legionary cohorts (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, A Grade, MV 0): 3 stands Auxiliary cohorts I (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, B Grade, MV +1): 4 stands Auxiliary cohorts II (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, B Grade, MV +1): 4 stands Auxiliary cohorts III (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, B Grade, MV 0): 4 stands Auxiliary cohorts IV (A3/D3 arm. swordsmen, B Grade, MV 0): 4 stands Batavian cohorts (A2/D2/S arm. javelinmen, B Grade, MV +1): 2 stands Auxiliary archers & slingers I (A0/D1/S/L missile troops, B Grade, MV 0): 4 stands Auxiliary archers & slingers II (A0/D1/S/L missile troops, B Grade, MV 0): 4 stands Equites alares I (A3/D1/S heavy cavalry, A Grade, MV +1): 3 stands Equites alares II (A3/D1/S heavy cavalry, A Grade, MV +1): 3 stands Equites cohortales I (A3/D1/S heavy cavalry, B Grade, MV 0): 3 stands Equites cohortales II (A3/D1/S heavy cavalry, B Grade, MV 0): 3 stands GERMANS Arminius, Cherusci general, 4 CPs Cherusci subordinate commander, 3 CPs Cherusci comitatus (A3/D2 shock infantry, B Grade, MV +2): 4 stands Cherusci warriors I (A3/D2 shock infantry, C Grade, MV +1): 6 stands Cherusci warriors II (A3/D2 shock infantry, C Grade, MV +1): 6 stands Noble cavalry/youths I (A3/D1/S int.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglo-Dutch Relations from the Earliest Times to the Death of William the Third
    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Tirol The Anglo-Dutch relations from the earliest times to the death of William the Third Bense, Johan F. 's-Gravenhage, 1924 Chapter I. Before the conquest urn:nbn:at:at-ubi:2-15859 CHAPTER I BEFORE THE CONQUEST The Anglo -Saxons — the Germanic forefathers of the present English nation — emigrated from the country between the Rhine and the Elbe at various times during the fifth and sixth centuries; at least , towards the end of the latter century the Anglo -Saxons or English were masters of the land , and from that time dates the development of their dialects , which together form what is now usually called Old English. Yet we read of Low Dutch people in the British Isles long be¬ fore the fifth century , even before Caesar conquered the country, when people who lived in what is now known by the name of Flanders , were compelled by floods to emigrate , and came in sailless vessels and settled in the Isle of Wight and on the neigh¬ bouring south coast , arriving as friendly guests and remaining as invaders 1). Agricola is said to have fought the battle of the “Grampius” — in 83 or 84 A.D . — with the aid of 8000 Hollanders and Brabanders 2). In 285 Carausius was made Admiral of the British seas , which were “sore troubled by the pirates of the Frankes and Saxons ”, and in or before 292 Constantius “building ships to pass over hither 8) first assayled luckily the Hollanders, which had revolted to Carausius”. Holland was “then holden by certaine Frankes ” 4).
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Soldier Germanic Warrior Lindsay Ppowellowell
    1st Century AD Roman Soldier VERSUS Germanic Warrior Lindsay Powell © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com 1st Century ad Roman Soldier Germanic Warrior Lindsay PowellPowell © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com INTRODUCTION 4 THE OPPOSING SIDES 10 Recruitment and motivation t Morale and logistics t Training, doctrine and tactics Leadership and communications t Use of allies and auxiliaries TEUTOBURG PASS 28 Summer AD 9 IDISTAVISO 41 Summer AD 16 THE ANGRIVARIAN WALL 57 Summer AD 16 ANALYSIS 71 Leadership t Mission objectives and strategies t Planning and preparation Tactics, combat doctrine and weapons AFTERMATH 76 BIBLIOGRAPHY 78 INDEX 80 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com Introduction ‘Who would leave Asia, or Africa, or Italia for Germania, with its wild country, its inclement skies, its sullen manners and aspect, unless indeed it were his home?’ (Tacitus, Germania 2). This negative perception of Germania – the modern Netherlands and Germany – lay behind the reluctance of Rome’s great military commanders to tame its immense wilderness. Caius Iulius Caesar famously threw a wooden pontoon bridge across the River Rhine (Rhenus) in just ten days, not once but twice, in 55 and 53 bc. The next Roman general to do so was Marcus Agrippa, in 39/38 bc or 19/18 bc. However, none of these missions was for conquest, but in response to pleas for assistance from an ally of the Romans, the Germanic nation of the Ubii. It was not until the reign of Caesar Augustus that a serious attempt was made to annex the land beyond the wide river and transform it into a province fit for Romans to live in.
    [Show full text]
  • Histo Ry: Cohors I Batavorum
    Legio XIIII Gemina Martia Victrix Cohors I Batavorum Cohors I Hamiorum Via Romana The Auxilia. From the early days of the Republic, the Roman army had supplemented its strength with auxiliary (literally “help”) troops. When people think of the Roman Army there is a tendency to think of the legions themselves and to forget the considerable con- tribution made to the Roman war machine by the numerous auxiliary cohorts that provided vital support in a number of areas. While the Roman legions were undeniably the most effective fighting force of their age, the Romans themselves had never managed to suc- cessfully develop their military forces beyond the legionary formations. Accordingly the lack of cavalry, archers, slingers, etc. was made good by recruiting non-Roman peoples into cohorts of 500 (quingenaria) and 1000 (milliaria) men. These tended to be one of three types; light infantry, cavalry or combined units of cavalry and infantry. Auxiliary troops were levied from the conquered provinces and were named after the lo- cality of origination. The period of service for an auxiliary soldier was roughly 25 years after which time he could be discharged with a small gratuity and, most precious of all, a diploma conferring Roman citizenship on himself and his heirs. For acts of bravery it was more likely that citizenship, either for individuals, or for the unit as a whole, was awarded. Cohorts and Alae, like the Legions, could be given honorary awards such as "VICTRIX" or carry an Imperial family name. Some units, for example COHORS I BRITTONUM MIL- LIARIA ULPIA TORQUATA PIA FIDELIS CIVIUM ROMANORUM, or COHORS I FIDA VARDULLORUM MILLIARIA EQUITATA CIVIUM ROMANORUM, could amass many ti- tles.
    [Show full text]
  • Das Römerreich Und Seine Germanen
    Herwig Wolfram DAS RÖMERREICH UND SEINE GERMANEN Eine Erzählung von Herkunft und Ankunft Böhlau Verlag Wien Köln Weimar © 2018 Böhlau Verlag GmbH & Cie, Köln, Weimar ISBN Print: 9783412507671 — ISBN E-Book: 9783412504472 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek : Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie ; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Umschlagabbildung: Die beiden Prunkfibeln der Fürstin von Untersiebenbrunn. © KHM – Museumsverband © 2018 by Böhlau Verlag GmbH & Cie, Köln Lindenstraße 14, D-50674 Köln, www.boehlau-verlag.com Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist unzulässig. Korrektorat: Constanze Lehmann, Berlin Einbandgestaltung : Michael Haderer, Wien Satz: Michael Rauscher, Wien ISBN 978-3-412-50447-2 © 2018 Böhlau Verlag GmbH & Cie, Köln, Weimar ISBN Print: 9783412507671 — ISBN E-Book: 9783412504472 Inhalt Vorwort ..................................... 11 I. Die Sprache der Erzählung .......................... 15 1. Wie schreibt man heute ein Germanenbuch und warum immer noch eins ? . 15 2. Begriffe, Worte und Wörter ......................... 31 Ethnogenese (Volkwerdung) .......................... 31 Ethnische Identität .............................. 35 Stamm oder Gens ............................... 37 Tradition und Traditionskern ......................... 39 Vor-ethnographische Daten, ethnographische
    [Show full text]
  • The Myth - the Nordic Origins
    SHEETS The myth - The Nordic origins Original Germanic tribes The so-called “Nordic circle” (Nordischer Kreis) is indicated as the original homeland of the Germanic tribes (second millennium BC). A vast area which - considering present-day names - comprises southern Sweden and Norway, the Jutland peninsula, the Danish islands and the plains of northern Germany. The Germanic peoples of the early days were not one People, nor were the various tribes aware of a common ethnic root. Likewise, today there is no certainty as to the probable existence of an original bloodline which, in any case, belonged to the great Indo-European family. The Germanic peoples are distinguished according to three large groups: North Germanic (Varangians or Norwegian, Danish and Swedish Vikings), East Germanic and West Germanic, to each of which belonged a great number of sub-groups and tribes. The North Germanic group also includes Norwegian, Danish and Swedish Varangians (also known as Vikings). Classified in the East Germanic group were the tribes of the Goths (a group that included Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Gepids, Thervingi, Greuthungi, Crimean Goths), the Rugii, theVandals, the Herules, the Burgundians, theBastarnae, the Scirii and the Thuringians. Classified in the West Germanic group (which in turn was divided into the large groups of the Ingaevones, Irminones and Istvaeones) were the Salians, the Franks - to whom a great part of Longobard history is connected - the Chatti, the Batavi, the Ubii, the Treveri and also the Suebi (or Suevi), the Saxons, the Quadi, the Marcomanni and the Alemanni. As regards the Longobards, the few ancient sources mention them sometimes as belonging to the Eastern Germanic and sometimes to the Western Germanic tribes (Irminones) group).
    [Show full text]
  • A Genetic Signal of Central European Celtic Ancestry: Preliminary Research Concerning Y-Chromosomal Marker S28 (Part 2)
    A Genetic Signal of Central European Celtic Ancestry: Preliminary Research Concerning Y-Chromosomal Marker S28 (Part 2) Hallstatt Culture: 720 to 600 BC and 600 BC to 480 BC (Ha C and D) This interval represents a time of major changes in Europe, in the regions once characterized by the Pfyn and related cultures with roots extending back to the Neolithic, and the Urnfield groups which would morph into the peoples of the Hallstatt tradition with their characteristic elite burials. Artist rendition of typical rich Hallstatt inhumation burials Kristiansen (1998) proposes that the movement of Hallstatt C warrior elite spread across Central and Western Europe, at a time when trade routes to the north diminished. However those in the eastern tier maintained links to the Lusatian culture and the Baltic regions, with a continued emphasis on trade in amber and mining of salt in the immediate surrounds of Hallstatt in Austria. Hallstatt is actually at the southeastern tip of what was a very large oval shaped territory with the center of gravity northwest of the Alps. In Reinecke’s system of dating, this period is known as Hallstatt C and D. Hallstatt C (earliest phase) is characterized by rich horse and wagon burials (containing ornate horse tack) and includes the region from western Hungary to the Upper Danube. Hallstatt D is represented by a chiefdom zone and elite burials further to the west, with settlements concentrated near the headwaters of every major river from the Loire, to the Seine, Rhone, Rhine and Danube. The geographical re-alignment was likely a function of the establishment of a Greek (Phoecian) trading center in Massilia (Marseilles), circa 600 BC.
    [Show full text]