DOCSLIB.ORG

Sindhu Jii Sanjah

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sindhu Jii Sanjah G M Syed Sindhudesh A Study In Its Separate Identity Through The Ages (Translation of "Sindhu Ji Saanjah" in Sindhi) PREFACE A considerable span of my life remained in search of Islam, its precepts and practice. Also, while playing a significant role in my country's politics, 1, at times, pondered over the socioeconomic and socio-political problems of our beloved Sindh. My feelings, experiences, knowledge and research on these matters have already been expressed from time to time on different occasions in various publications. On our country's politics, my contributions were published entitled (i) "BIRDS EYE VIEW ON PAKISTAN'S PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE"; (ii) "SINDHU DESH WHY AND WHAT FOR?" [For full text...click here] On religion the other two works (i) "RELIGION AND REALITY" [For full text...click here] and (ii) "ON THE PATH OF MY BELOVED" are worth mentioning. Who-so- ever has read these books, may easily understand the evolution of my approach towards politics and religion. Now, owing to my old age, I am afraid, I will not be in a position to write any more on these subjects separately. So, in this book, I deem it necessary to assimilate the facts and figures summarily. Hoping this may serve to the readers about the crux of the problem aiming at its remedy, which of course, is now the sole objective of my life. SINDHU DESH is that part of the Indian Subcontinent to It's Nature has entrusted from time immemorial a vast area of rich and cultivable land, with plenty of water flowing in the river Indus as also, with a bounty of long seashore, which enabled the natives of this land to acquire a rich heritage of refined culture and civilization, for their citizens in the pre- historic period of this region. Tracing history through the archeological findings, it k revealed that long before the past five thousand years, this country had progressed on the path of civilization, carrying the citizenship of their inhabitants at par with the ancient civilization of Egypt, Summeria, Assinay and Babul, etc. According to some historians, many of the ancient dwellers those in fact led their people towards the highly civilized society of olden days were of Dravadian origin. Where from and when they came to settle on this soil, history seems to be silent. However, with a number of discoveries of the archeology, a few folklore and anecdotes in this respect are referred to. One important disclosure is that about twenty-five thousand (25,000) years ago in the Mediterranean Sea, there used to be a subcontinent by the name Mediterranean where several millions of people lived. They may have developed their own culture, tradition and civilization after hundreds of thousands of years of experience. Several scholars opined that geological changes occurred due to some unknown natural catastrophe with a severe earthquake, which caused the Mediterranean subcontinent to submerge into the sea because of the tidal waves rushing on from the sides of Gibraltar and Dardanelles. Thus the subcontinent disappeared, giving out the present name of the sea as Mediterranean. Because of this calamity, probably millions of people along with their heritage and culture were destroyed, leaving behind only a few traces like the Island of CRETE and others. Out of this adversity only a few clan could manage to escape. Later on, one after the other, they migrated via Middle East to Sindhu Desh to settle here normally along the banks of the Indus River. They built up a new civilization resembling that of Egypt, Summeria, Assyria and Babylon, which were known the old Mediterranean civilization. Sindhudesh – a translation of “Sindhu Jii Sanjaah” 2 The Dravadian flourished and dominated the entire region, reigning in the Indus Valley for about fifteen hundred years before Christ i.e. thirty-seven hundred (3,700) years ago, the Aryans from Mid-Asia, pushing forcibly many of the Darvadians towards South India. While combating, the Darvadians were massacred in a large number, and very many were captured to remain as captives and slaves. Those men and women were later declared as scheduled caste i.e. the ACHUTES and DASIS. Afterwards, the Aryans dislodged the prevailing traditions and culture. Instead, the new rituals, heritage, traditions and culture singling to that of the Dravadian color custom and creed were practiced and installed. The signs of this duplex civilization are found in the primitive society. So this version seems to be correct that the Dravadian originally belonged to the old Mediterranean civilization. Since their inception the inhabitants of this valley, that is, the Sindhu Deshies lived in peace and tranquility advancing their culture, trade and commerce solely because of their rich natural resources. Yet, the impetus of theirs remained hampered due to various reasons. The valley being in the seismic zone suffered many onslaughts of earthquakes, which caused major damage and destruction to life and property. Hence, the changing geographical conditions readily brought in the environmental changes. This affected the monsoons, inundated in Indus basin and turned over the course of the river. Moreover, repeated attacks of the powerful belligerent alien invaders and their subjugation with the dictates of their imperialist design hindered not only the polity and economy of Sindhu Desh, but also handicapped the natural growth of their sagacity and intellect. Whenever an assessment is made of the evolutionary process of the Indus valley, it appears as a battlefield of many wars, which were fought in the past by the sons of the soil, just to resist against the hegemony and domination of the foreign rulers. The history of this region reveals that the valley remained under the domination of the foreigners for quite a long period. Five hundred years before Christ, it remained under the yoke of the Iranian Empire. They exploited its natural resources to become even richer. Significant traces of the Persian rules and domination are visible in their architectural style of construction and town planning. These may still be seen in Birhamanabad, Bhambhore and Ranikot. Thereafter, Alexander the Great dominated Iran. The Indus valley, being a part of the Iranian Empire, also came into his hands. Its lakes, "rivers, 'forests, pastures, fertile lands and ocean etched Sindh So, 'with a royal decree, the ancient Sindhu desh became a center of power for his dynasty. He ruled over the valley, though for a short time. After his demise one of his Generals, Demittress arrived in Sindh. He occupied Patyala i.e. the modern Hyderabad Sindh. He also ruled and exploited the dwellers for some time. The monuments and coins collected from the ruins speak about the Grecian domination over Sindh. During the Greek imperialist rule, the Sindhis revolted many times and finally they succeeded in ousting the alien ruler. Yet the effects of their valiant attempt did not last long as they were soon subdued and had to surrender again to the Sassanian rulers of Iran. In the 7th century, the Arabs too entered Sindhu Desh, as conquerors. But later on when their grip slackened, the Pathans, the people from North Western part of undivided India often plundered and looted the local people. After that, Sindhudesh – a translation of “Sindhu Jii Sanjaah” 3 the local tribesmen, the descendants of Soomras and Samas, gained power. They ruled' Sindh for a span stretching over three to four hundred years. The reign of Samas and Soomras also came to an end. They too submitted before the Arghoons and Turkhans. So the continued exercise of changing hands from one dynasty to the other ultimately brought in the Mughal Emperors. During their reign the colonization of Sindh continued. When the Mughal Empire of Delhi became weak and broke into fragments, an independent state in Sindh emerged under the leadership of Kalhoras and Talpurs. It existed till the advent of the British rule. The Agents of the British Imperialism, for their vested interests, attached Sindh with Bombay Presidency. They ruled Sindh through Bombay for about a hundred years Their rule proved a terrible experience for the people of Sindh who suffered humiliation in almost every walk' of life. During this long span of time, the plight of the common man was most pitiable. Not an iota of social uplift could be seen in any aspect of life. Political slavery had its effects on social conditions, which remained as coercive as the Serfdom in the Medieval Poland. The tyrannical colonial rule, with its unjust gross injustice, exasperated" the people' to, launch a campaign against the British Government for separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency.' The constant struggle of the people at last bore fruit and in 1936, Sindh consequently got its' recognition, though unfortunately in the shape of a province. The Sindhis did' have a distaste once again, but they nurtured the hope that, after the shackles of slavery were done away with, Sindhu Desh would emerge and exist as an independent and sovereign state in the community of nations. For a variety of reasons such as the political motivation of men with vested interests, their mutual differences, lack of foresight and the ignorance of the masses, the real objectives of freedom could not be achieved in 1947. Pakistan came into being because the Britisher were compelled to leave the Sub-continent, dividing it into Bharat and Pakistan on the basis of the so-called two-nation theory. The then Pakistan consisted of two wings i.e. East Pakistan and West Pakistan. In fact, it was an unnatural demarcation, as both the parts were situated more than a thousand of miles away from each other. So it did not work for long and the very theory of 'two-nations' flopped with the creation of Bangla Desh.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Paradigm for Pakistani Schools JUL 0 2 2003
    Beyond the Traditional: A New Paradigm for Pakistani Schools By Mahjabeen Quadri B.S. Architecture Studies University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 Submitted to the Department of Architecture in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2003 JUL 0 2 2003 Copyright@ 2003 Mahjabeen Quadri. Al rights reserved LIBRARIES The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author: Mahjabeen Quadri Departm 4t of Architecture, May 19, 2003 Certified by:- Reinhard K. Goethert Principal Research Associate in Architecture Department of Architecture Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Julian Beinart Departme of Architecture Chairman, Department Committee on Graduate Students ROTCH Thesis Committee Reinhard Goethert Principal Research Associate in Architecture Department of Architecture Massachusetts Institute of Technology Edith Ackermann Visiting Professor Department of Architecture Massachusetts Institute of Technology Anna Hardman Visiting Lecturer in International Development Planning Department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology Hashim Sarkis Professor of Architecture Aga Khan Professor of Landscape Architecture and Urbanism Harvard University Beyond the Traditional: A New Paradigm for Pakistani Schools Beyond the Traditional: A New Paradigm for Pakistani Schools By Mahjabeen Quadri Submitted to the Department of Architecture On May 23, 2003 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies Abstract Pakistan's greatest resource is its children, but only a small percentage of them make it through primary school.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Reality by G M Syed
    Religion and Reality G. M. Syed Reproduced by: Sani Hussain Panhwar Religion and Reality; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 1 CONTENTS Publisher’s Note .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Dedication .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Chapter 1. Religions: Their Historical Background .. .. .. .. .. 10 Chapter 2 The Constituents of Religions .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 Chapter 3 Unity and Diversity of Religion .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 Chapter 4 Two Interpretations of Islam .. .. .. .. .. .. 59 Chapter 5 Mysticism as I Understand It .. .. .. .. .. .. 123 Religion and Reality; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 2 Publisher’s Note This book is a revised Version of Saeen G.M. Syed’s original effort, published in 1986. This edition is a humble effort to represent Syed’s views on life, religion and Sufism. However, no work of this type can be error-free. Should the readers find anything that is out of context or ambiguous, we should be only too pleased to I acknowledge our shortcomings and rectify them in later editions. Himself a Sufi, he had great love and to, admiration for Sufis and men of letters. He was known for his refined manners and great hospitality. This book is a modest tribute to a great son of Sindh who served his motherland for 76 long years. He began his public career in 1919 and it continued till his death in 1995. Hindus, Buddhist, Jains, Christians, Koreans and Muslims participated in his last rites to pay homage to the departed soul. He will be remembered for his erudition, great urbanity, generosity and above all his untiring devotion to the cause that was dearest to his heart - Sindh - He loved Sindh, He lived for Sindh and died for Sindh.
    [Show full text]
  • Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 1
    Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 1 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 2 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 3 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This volume is based on papers presented at the two-day international conference on ―Potential and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora‖ held on November 14-15, 2012 at Islamabad Hotel, Islamabad. The Conference was jointly organised by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI) and the Hanns Seidel Foundation, (HSF) Islamabad. The organisers of the Conference are especially thankful to Dr. Martin Axmann, Resident Representative HSF, Islamabad, for his co- operation and sharing the expense on the Conference. For the papers presented in this volume, we are grateful to all participants, as well as the chairpersons of the different sessions. We are also thankful to the scholars, students and professionals who accepted our invitation to participate in the conference. The successful completion of the Conference owes much to the untiring efforts and logistical support provided by the staff of the IPRI and the HSF. Finally, our thanks are due to all those whom it would not be possible to thank individually for their help in making the Conference a success. Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 5 ACRONYMS ACFROC All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir ANP Awami National Party APPNA Association of Physicians of Pakistani Descent of North America BBC Urdu British Broadcasting Corporation Urdu BEOE Bureau
    [Show full text]
  • Muslim Saints of South Asia
    MUSLIM SAINTS OF SOUTH ASIA This book studies the veneration practices and rituals of the Muslim saints. It outlines the principle trends of the main Sufi orders in India, the profiles and teachings of the famous and less well-known saints, and the development of pilgrimage to their tombs in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. A detailed discussion of the interaction of the Hindu mystic tradition and Sufism shows the polarity between the rigidity of the orthodox and the flexibility of the popular Islam in South Asia. Treating the cult of saints as a universal and all pervading phenomenon embracing the life of the region in all its aspects, the analysis includes politics, social and family life, interpersonal relations, gender problems and national psyche. The author uses a multidimen- sional approach to the subject: a historical, religious and literary analysis of sources is combined with an anthropological study of the rites and rituals of the veneration of the shrines and the description of the architecture of the tombs. Anna Suvorova is Head of Department of Asian Literatures at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. A recognized scholar in the field of Indo-Islamic culture and liter- ature, she frequently lectures at universities all over the world. She is the author of several books in Russian and English including The Poetics of Urdu Dastaan; The Sources of the New Indian Drama; The Quest for Theatre: the twentieth century drama in India and Pakistan; Nostalgia for Lucknow and Masnawi: a study of Urdu romance. She has also translated several books on pre-modern Urdu prose into Russian.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Dalit Peasants Kolhi Activism in Lower Sindh
    The Rise of Dalit Peasants Kolhi Activism in Lower Sindh (Original Thesis Title) Kolhi-peasant Activism in Naon Dumbālo, Lower Sindh Creating Space for Marginalised through Multiple Channels Ghulam Hussain Mahesar Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology ii Islamabad - Pakistan Year 2014 Kolhi-Peasant Activism in Naon Dumbālo, Lower Sindh Creating Space for Marginalised through Multiple Channels Ghulam Hussain Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, in partial fulfillment of the degree of ‗Master of Philosophy in Anthropology‘ iii Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology Islamabad - Pakistan Year 2014 Formal declaration I hereby, declare that I have produced the present work by myself and without any aid other than those mentioned herein. Any ideas taken directly or indirectly from third party sources are indicated as such. This work has not been published or submitted to any other examination board in the same or a similar form. Islamabad, 25 March 2014 Mr. Ghulam Hussain Mahesar iv Final Approval of Thesis Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology Islamabad - Pakistan This is to certify that we have read the thesis submitted by Mr. Ghulam Hussain. It is our judgment that this thesis is of sufficient standard to warrant its acceptance by Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad for the award of the degree of ―MPhil in Anthropology‖. Committee Supervisor: Dr. Waheed Iqbal Chaudhry External Examiner: Full name of external examiner incl. title Incharge: Dr. Waheed Iqbal Chaudhry v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis is the product of cumulative effort of many teachers, scholars, and some institutions, that duly deserve to be acknowledged here.
    [Show full text]
  • A Nation in Chains by G M Syed
    About the book A thesis for a separate homeland for Sindhis. This book was first published in 1974. It laid the foundations for the Sindhi Nationalist Movement. A complete social, political, economical and philosophical argument supporting the formation of ‘Sindhudesh.’ A Nation in Chains; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 1 CHAPTER I Introduction Sindhu Desh was born with the birth of Mother Earth. Our attachment with it, too, is as old and ancient as that. As the days pass into nights and the seasons change, man, observes his regime of wakefulness and sleep and register the effect of the change. Like individuals, the peoples also have their cycles of hibernation and soulfulness of life and activity. At certain times of their history, they rise and took some giant steps on the road to civilization heights, and putting a mile stone or two on the path, they slow down and then step aside to catch breath some times even slide down dangerously and wait quietly for the chance to rise and get the way again. Sindhu Desh is the land of the people, noted for their ancient civilization and culture. They have had a remarkably magnificent past. For some period in their recent history, they hose to forget their status as a people and fell into a regret able bout of slumber, and permitted themselves to be overrun and ruled by alien peoples. We, the present generation of the people of Sindhu Desh are the product of that hapless period of our history. After separation of Sindhu from Bombay Presidency in India in 1936 when we found our political freedom, economic prosperity and cultural growth check mated at home, we over reacted, and largely misconceiving the situation, held the Hindu vested interests, to be responsible for it.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics of Sindh Under Zia Government an Analysis of Nationalists Vs Federalists Orientations
    POLITICS OF SINDH UNDER ZIA GOVERNMENT AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONALISTS VS FEDERALISTS ORIENTATIONS A Thesis Doctor of Philosophy By Amir Ali Chandio 2009 Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan POLITICS OF SINDH UNDER ZIA GOVERNMENT AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONALISTS VS FEDERALISTS ORIENTATIONS A Thesis Doctor of Philosophy By Amir Ali Chandio 2009 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmed Chaudhry Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Dedicated to: Baba Bullay Shah & Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai The poets of love, fraternity, and peace DECLARATION This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed………………………………………………………………….( candidate) Date……………………………………………………………………. CERTIFICATES This is to certify that I have gone through the thesis submitted by Mr. Amir Ali Chandio thoroughly and found the whole work original and acceptable for the award of the degree of Doctorate in Political Science. To the best of my knowledge this work has not been submitted anywhere before for any degree. Supervisor Professor Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmed Choudhry Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Chairman Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. ABSTRACT The nationalist feelings in Sindh existed long before the independence, during British rule. The Hur movement and movement of the separation of Sindh from Bombay Presidency for the restoration of separate provincial status were the evidence’s of Sindhi nationalist thinking.
    [Show full text]
  • ID Student's Name Father's Name Fresh
    Fresh/ ID Student's Name Father's Name Type Failure gender Objection Course Name Group Name Value College Marks Goverment Degree Certificate Associate Degree College, Bozdar KD-0821-00600 dua e zahra parvez ahmed mallah Regular Fresh Female Required of Arts A.D.A (Pass) Part-I Wada Elligibility Goverment Degree Certificate Associate Degree College, Bozdar QP-0821-02420 syed zarar hussain syed ali gohar shah syed Regular Fresh Male Required of Arts A.D.A (Pass) Part-I Wada Marks Goverment Degree Certificate College, Bozdar KD-0821-00883 Ali Abbas Anwar Ali Bozdar External Fresh Male Required Master of Arts English Previous Wada Marks Goverment Degree Certificate College, Bozdar KD-0821-00884 Ghulam Qadir parvez Ahmed Bozdar External Fresh Male Required Master of Arts English Previous Wada Marks Goverment Degree Mehwish RAsheed Certificate International College, Bozdar KD-0821-00890 Khan Abdul Rasheed Khan External Fresh Female Required Master of Arts Relations Previous Wada Marks Goverment Degree Muhammad Certificate College, Bozdar KD-0821-00887 Mohsin Muhammad amin External Fresh Male Required Master of Arts Economics Previous Wada Marks Goverment Degree Certificate College, Bozdar KD-0821-00886 sumair Abdul Sattar Shaikh External Fresh Male Required Master of Arts Economics Previous Wada Elligibility Government Boys syed talha syed muhammad Certificate Associate Degree Degree College, QP-0821-02360 mehmood mehmood Regular Fresh Male Required of Commerce A.D.C (Pass) Part-I Daharki Marks Certificate Government Boys muhammad aslam Required,
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Helping-Pakistan-Defeat-The
    © 2009 Institute for Social Policy and Understanding All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. The Institute for Social Policy and Understanding normally does not take institutional positions on public policy issues. The views presented here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute, its staff, or trustees. ABOUT THE AUTHOR H A IDER A LI H USSEIN M ULLICK , ISPU F ELLOW Haider Ali Hussein Mullick is a fellow at the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding (ISPU), a senior fellow at the Joint Special Operations University (JSOU), and conducts research on American foreign policy toward South Asia and the Middle East. During his career, he has focused on American-Pakistani relations and broader issues of security; socio- economics; and the geopolitics of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and South Asia. He is the author of a forthcoming book-length monograph: Pakistan’s Security Paradox: Countering and Fomenting Insurgencies. In addition, Haider has conducted research at the Brookings Institution’s Foreign Policy Studies (U.S.-Pakistan Relations), the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (Pakistan’s Political Economy and Reviving Failed States), and the Hudson Institute’s Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World (Madrassa Education and Links to Islamist Militancy). Haider’s editorials have appeared in Newsweek, The Washington Post, Foreign Policy Magazine, The Nation (Pakistan), The Daily Times, The News International, The Times of India, Indian Express, Gulf News, and Pakistan Link.
    [Show full text]
  • Sympathy and the Unbelieved in Modern Retellings of Sindhi Sufi Folktales
    Sympathy and the Unbelieved in Modern Retellings of Sindhi Sufi Folktales by Aali Mirjat B.A., (Hons., History), Lahore University of Management Sciences, 2016 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Aali Mirjat 2018 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2018 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Aali Mirjat Degree: Master of Arts Title: Sympathy and the Unbelieved in Modern Retellings of Sindhi Sufi Folktales Examining Committee: Chair: Evdoxios Doxiadis Assistant Professor Luke Clossey Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Bidisha Ray Co-Supervisor Senior Lecturer Derryl MacLean Supervisor Associate Professor Tara Mayer External Examiner Instructor Department of History University of British Columbia Date Defended/Approved: July 16, 2018 ii Abstract This thesis examines Sindhi Sufi folktales as retold by five “modern” individuals: the nineteenth- century British explorer Richard Burton and four Sindhi intellectuals who lived and wrote in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Lilaram Lalwani, M. M. Gidvani, Shaikh Ayaz, and Nabi Bakhsh Khan Baloch). For each set of retellings, our purpose will be to determine the epistemological and emotional sympathy the re-teller exhibits for the plot, characters, sentiments, and ideas present in the folktales. This approach, it is hoped, will provide us a glimpse inside the minds of the individual re-tellers and allow us to observe some of the ways in which the exigencies of a secular western modernity had an impact, if any, on the choices they made as they retold Sindhi Sufi folktales.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Muttahida Qaumi Movement in Sindhi-Muhajir Controversy in Pakistan
    ISSN: 2664-8148 (Online) Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.1.2 Vol. 1, No. 1, (January-June) 2017, 71-82 https://www.ideapublishers.org/lassij __________________________________________________________________ The Role of Muttahida Qaumi Movement in Sindhi-Muhajir Controversy in Pakistan Syed Mukarram Shah Gilani1*, Asif Salim1-2 and Noor Ullah Khan1-3 1. Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar Pakistan. 2. Department of Political Science, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia USA. 3. Department of Civics-cum-History, FG College Nowshera Cantt., Pakistan. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Abstract The partition of Indian sub-continent in 1947 was a historic event surrounded by many controversies and issues. Some of those ended up with the passage of time while others were kept alive and orchestrated. Besides numerous problems for the newly born state of Pakistan, one such controversy was about the Muhajirs (immigrants) who were settled in Karachi. The paper analyses the factors that brought the relation between the native Sindhis and Muhajirs to such an impasse which resulted in the growth of conspiracy theories, division among Sindhis; subsequently to the demand of Muhajir Suba (Province); target killings, extortion; and eventually to military clean-up operation in Karachi. The paper also throws light on the twin simmering problems of native Sindhis and Muhajirs. Besides, the paper attempts to answer the question as to why the immigrants could not merge in the native Sindhis despite living together for so long and why the native Sindhis remained backward and deprived. Finally, the paper aims at bringing to limelight the role of Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM).
    [Show full text]
  • The Land of Five Rivers and Sindh by David Ross
    THE LAND OFOFOF THE FIVE RIVERS AND SINDH. BY DAVID ROSS, C.I.E., F.R.G.S. London 1883 Reproduced by: Sani Hussain Panhwar The land of the five rivers and Sindh; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 1 TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE MOST HONORABLE GEORGE FREDERICK SAMUEL MARQUIS OF RIPON, K.G., P.C., G.M.S.I., G.M.I.E., VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA, THESE SKETCHES OF THE PUNJAB AND SINDH ARE With His Excellency’s Most Gracious Permission DEDICATED. The land of the five rivers and Sindh; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 2 PREFACE. My object in publishing these “Sketches” is to furnish travelers passing through Sindh and the Punjab with a short historical and descriptive account of the country and places of interest between Karachi, Multan, Lahore, Peshawar, and Delhi. I mainly confine my remarks to the more prominent cities and towns adjoining the railway system. Objects of antiquarian interest and the principal arts and manufactures in the different localities are briefly noticed. I have alluded to the independent adjoining States, and I have added outlines of the routes to Kashmir, the various hill sanitaria, and of the marches which may be made in the interior of the Western Himalayas. In order to give a distinct and definite idea as to the situation of the different localities mentioned, their position with reference to the various railway stations is given as far as possible. The names of the railway stations and principal places described head each article or paragraph, and in the margin are shown the minor places or objects of interest in the vicinity.
    [Show full text]