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Licensed To: Ichapters User Licensed to: spielvogel_0495555282_FM.qxd 11/23/07 5:11 PM Page i Licensed to: ALTERNATE VOLUME: SINCE 1300 SEVENTH EDITION WESTERN CIVILIZATION Copyright 2009 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. spielvogel_0495555282_FM.qxd 11/23/07 5:12 PM Page ii Licensed to: Copyright 2009 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. spielvogel_0495555282_FM.qxd 11/23/07 5:12 PM Page iii Licensed to: ALTERNATE VOLUME: SINCE 1300 SEVENTH EDITION WESTERN CIVILIZATION Jackson J. Spielvogel The Pennsylvania State University Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2009 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. spielvogel_0495555282_FM.qxd 11/23/07 8:29 PM Page iv Licensed to: Western Civilization, Alternate Volume: Since 1300, Seventh Edition Jackson J. Spielvogel Publisher: Clark Baxter Manufacturing Manager: Marcia Locke Senior Acquisitions Editor: Ashley Dodge Permissions Editor: Tim Sisler Senior Development Editor: Margaret McAndrew Beasley Production Service: Orr Book Services Assistant Editor: Ashley Spicer Text Designer: Kathleen Cunningham Editorial Assistant: Heidi Kador Photo Researcher: Abigail Baxter Associate Development Project Manager: Lee McCracken Copy Editor: Patricia Lewis Executive Marketing Manager: Diane Wenckebach Cover Designer: Kathleen Cunningham Marketing Assistant: Aimee Lewis Cover Image: Arnout de Meyser. Market Scene. 17th Century Lead Marketing Communications Manager: Tami Strang Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy Senior Production Manager: Michael Burggren Alinari/Art Resource, NY Senior Content Project Manager: Lauren Wheelock Cover/Text Printer: Transcontinental Printing Senior Art Director: Cate Rickard Barr Compositor: International Typesetting and Composition © 2009, 2006 Thomson Wadsworth, a part of The Thomson Thomson Higher Education Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Wadsworth are trademarks 10 Davis Drive used herein under license. Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copy- right hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, For more information about our products, contact us at: recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of 1-800-423-0563 the publisher. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Printed in Canada Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08 by e-mail to [email protected]. ExamView® and ExamView Pro® are registered trademarks of © 2009 Thomson Learning, Inc.All Rights Reserved. FSCreations, Inc.Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Thomson Learning WebTutor™ is a trademark of Thomson Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Learning, Inc. Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2007941631 ISBN-13: 978-0-495-55528-5 ISBN-10: 0-495-55528-2 Copyright 2009 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. spielvogel_0495555282_FM.qxd 11/23/07 5:12 PM Page v Licensed to: ABOUT THE AUTHOR JACKSON J. SPIELVOGEL is associate professor emeritus of history at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his Ph.D. from The Ohio State University, where he specialized in Reformation history under Harold J. Grimm. His articles and reviews have appeared in such journals as Moreana, Journal of General Edu- cation, Catholic Historical Review, Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, and American Historical Review. He has also contributed chapters or articles to The Social History of the Reformation, The Holy Roman Empire: A Dictionary Handbook, the Simon Wiesenthal Center Annual of Holocaust Studies, and Utopian Studies. His work has been supported by fellowships from the Fulbright Foundation and the Foundation for Reformation Research. At Penn State, he helped inaugurate the Western civiliza- tion courses as well as a popular course on Nazi Germany. His book Hitler and Nazi Germany was published in 1987 (fifth edition, 2005). He is the coauthor (with William Duiker) of World History, first published in 1998 (fifth edition, 2007), and The Essential World History (third edition, 2008). Professor Spielvogel has won five major university-wide teaching awards. He held the Penn State Teaching Fellowship, the university’s most prestigious teaching award, in 1988–1989. In 1996 he won the Dean Arthur Ray Warnock Award for Outstanding Faculty Member and in 2000 the Schreyer Honors College Excellence in Teaching Award. TO DIANE, WHOSE LOVE AND SUPPORT MADE IT ALL POSSIBLE Copyright 2009 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. spielvogel_0495555282_FM.qxd 11/23/07 5:12 PM Page vi Licensed to: BRIEF CONTENTS MAPS xiv 20 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND ITS CHRONOLOGIES xvi IMPACT ON EUROPEAN SOCIETY 604 PREFACE xvii 21 REACTION, REVOLUTION, AND ROMANTICISM, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxi 1815–1850 632 INTRODUCTION TO STUDENTS OF WESTERN 22 AN AGE OF NATIONALISM AND REALISM, CIVILIZATION xxv 1850–1871 665 WESTERN CIVILIZATION TO 1300 xxvii 23 MASS SOCIETY IN AN “AGE OF PROGRESS,” 1871–1894 698 24 AN AGE OF MODERNITY, ANXIETY, AND 11 THE LATER MIDDLE AGES: CRISIS AND IMPERIALISM, 1894–1914 731 DISINTEGRATION IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY 303 25 THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY CRISIS: WAR AND REVOLUTION 768 12 RECOVERY AND REBIRTH: THE AGE OF THE RENAISSANCE 337 26 THE FUTILE SEARCH FOR STABILITY: EUROPE BETWEEN THE WARS, 1919–1939 803 13 REFORMATION AND RELIGIOUS WARFARE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 373 27 THE DEEPENING OF THE EUROPEAN CRISIS: WORLD WAR II 839 14 EUROPE AND THE WORLD: NEW ENCOUNTERS, 1500–1800 410 28 COLD WAR AND A NEW WESTERN WORLD, 1945–1965 875 15 STATE BUILDING AND THE SEARCH FOR ORDER IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 443 29 PROTEST AND STAGNATION: THE WESTERN WORLD, 1965–1985 909 16 TOWARD A NEW HEAVEN AND A NEW EARTH: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND 30 AFTER THE FALL: THE WESTERN WORLD IN THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN SCIENCE 483 A GLOBAL AGE (SINCE 1985) 935 17 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: AN AGE GLOSSARY 967 OF ENLIGHTENMENT 509 PRONUNCIATION GUIDE 975 18 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: EUROPEAN DOCUMENTS 983 STATES, INTERNATIONAL WARS, AND SOCIAL CHANGE 538 PHOTO CREDITS 990 INDEX 993 19 A REVOLUTION IN POLITICS: THE ERA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON 571 vi Copyright 2009 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. spielvogel_0495555282_FM.qxd 11/23/07 5:13 PM Page vii Licensed to: DETAILED CONTENTS MAPS xiv IMAGES OF EVERYDAY LIFE CHRONOLOGIES xvi Entertainment in the Middle Ages 332 Inventions and New Patterns 333 PREFACE xvii Conclusion 334 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxi Notes 334 INTRODUCTION TO STUDENTS OF WESTERN Suggestions for Further Reading 335 CIVILIZATION xxv WESTERN CIVILIZATION TO 1300 xxvii RECOVERY AND REBIRTH: THE 12 AGE OF THE RENAISSANCE 337 THE LATER MIDDLE AGES: 11 CRISIS AND DISINTEGRATION Meaning and Characteristics of the Italian IN THE FOURTEENTH Renaissance 338 CENTURY 303 The Making of Renaissance Society 338 Economic Recovery 338 A Time of Troubles: Black Death and Social Social Changes in the Renaissance 340 Crisis 304 The Family in Renaissance Italy 342 Famine and Population 304 The Italian States in the Renaissance 344 The Black Death 304 The Five Major States 344 Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval 308 Independent City-States 345 War and Political Instability 311 Warfare in Italy 346 Causes of the Hundred Years’ War 311 The Birth of Modern Diplomacy 347 Conduct and Course of the War 312 Machiavelli and the New Statecraft 348 Political Instability 316 The Intellectual Renaissance in Italy 349 FILM & HISTORY Italian Renaissance Humanism 349 Joan of Arc (1948), The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999) 317 OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS The Growth of England’s Political The Renaissance Prince: The Views Institutions 318 of Machiavelli and Erasmus 350 Education in the Renaissance 352 The Problems of the French Kings 318 Humanism and History 354 The German Monarchy 319 The Impact of Printing 355 The States of Italy 320 The Decline of the Church 322 The Artistic Renaissance 355 Art in the Early Renaissance 355 Boniface VIII and the Conflict with the State 322 The Artistic High Renaissance 358 The Papacy at Avignon (1305–1377) 323 The Artist and Social Status 360 The Great Schism 323 The Northern Artistic Renaissance 361 New Thoughts on Church and State and the Rise of Conciliarism 324 Music in the Renaissance 362 Popular Religion in an Age of Adversity 325 The European State in the Renaissance 362 Changes in Theology 325 The Growth of the French Monarchy 363 The Cultural World of the Fourteenth England: Civil War and a New Monarchy 363 Century 326 The Unification of Spain 365 The Development of Vernacular Literature 326 The Holy Roman Empire: The Success of the Art and the Black Death 328 Habsburgs 365 The Struggle for Strong Monarchy in Eastern Society in an Age of Adversity 330 Europe 366 Changes in Urban Life 330 The Ottoman Turks and the End of the Byzantine New Directions in Medicine 331 Empire
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