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Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society Vol. V

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Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society Vol. V JOURNAL OF THE PALESTINE ORIENTAL SOCIETY VOL. V THE PALESTINE ORIENTAL SOCIETY JERUSALEM Patrons:. H. E. F ield Marshal the Viscount Allenby G.C.B., G.C.M.G. H. E. F ield Marshal L ord P lumer G-.C.JB., G.C.V.O., G.B.E., A.D.C. The Right H onourable Sir H erbert Samuel G.B.E. Board of Directors: Dr. Max L. Margolis President Le Rev. Pere Gaudens Orfali Vice-President Dr. T. Canaan Vice-President The Rev. Dr. H erbert Danby Secretary Dr. w . F. Albright Treasurer Prof. J. Garstang Director The Rev. Pere D horme Director Sir R onald Storrs Director Editor of the Journal: The Rev. Dr. H erbert D anby Editorial Advisory Board: Dr. w. F. A lbright Dr. T. Canaan Le Rev. Pere D horme Dr. L eo Mayer Mr. Davtd Yellin THE JOURNAL OF T H E PALESTINE ORIENTAL SOCIETY V O LU M E V 1925 م JERUSALEM PUBLISHED BY THE PALESTINE ORIENTAL SOCIETY 1925 PRINTED BY w . DRUGULIN, LEIPZIG (GERMANY.) TABLE OF CONTENTS Albright, w . F. The Administrative Divisions of Israel and Judah . 17 Ben Zvi, J. Historical Survey of the Jewish Settlement in Kefar-Yasif . 204 163 . ٠ . (Canaan, T. Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine (2 Eliash, M. The Cuthites and Psalm 7 4 .......................................................55 J aussen, Le Rev. Pere J. A. Inscription arabe du sanctuaire de Sitt Sulaymiyah, au mont Ebal, a N a p lo u se .........................................75 Mallon, Le Rev. Pere Alexis. Des Hyksos et les H e b re u x .......................85 Margolis, Max L. Presidential Address........................... 61 Ma y er D.A. De Blason de 1’Amir Salar........................... 58 — Arabic Inscriptions of Gaza. I I ................................. .... 6 4 Stephan, Stephan H. Dunacy in Palestine Folklore . 1 — Animals in Palestinian F o lk lo r e ................................ 92 [٢٢—Arabic Supplement . ........................... I] Tolkowsky, s. “Gideon’s 300” ......................................... 69 — New Tight on the History of J a f f a .................................................. 82 Book R e v ie w s.....................................................................................................218 Treasurer’s Report for Year Ending, Dec. 3 1 , 1924 .................................... 162 Members of the Palestine Oriental S o c ie ty ...................................................223 LUNACY IN PALESTINIAN FOLKLORE STEPHAN H. STEPHAN (JERUSALEM) ؛؛give an ex t definition of luriacy sine ح cult؛؛؛ T sens lather as the proverb says, there are many ways in which it may manifest Iitself. Anything eccentric, out of the way, contrary to custom, may fall under this head though it may be everything but lunacy proper, ”walking alone in tlie moonlight, talking loudly to oneself, ،،thinking ,e. g٠ aloud, laughing to oneself without an obvious reason, and similar ١ (ﺟﻨﻮن) unconsciously performed habits. The Arabic term yjnun applies to a state of mind in which a person is possessed by jinn. The category of lunatics majamn (plural of majnun 2) comprises in our opinion the Roman division into furiosi, dementes and mente capti. Although the grades of derangement of intellect differ obviously, yet they are assigned to the same category. The Bible relates some cases of derangement of mind. King Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel 4 33) and Saul (1 Samuel 19 24) we would classify as lunatics. The latter ،،stripped off his clothes . and -lay and an evil spirit ن ”down naked all that day and all that night troubled him 4 (1 Sam. 17 14). The Gospels thus describe the “possessed” one: He wore no clothes, neither abode in a house (Luke 8 27) but had his dwelling among the tombs (Mark 5 3). Although he had been something؛‘ yjnun is denominated from jinn, spirits (angels and devils) also 1 liidden from the eye, unconceivable, yet believed to be existent” (Muhit il-Muhit). 2 majnun like maskun in the case of a house inliabited by a sakuneh or rasad, ’-both spirits. 3 An epileptic is subjects to sucli fits. Cfr. proverbs 68—70. 4 Cfr. proberbs 53—54. We may also say about sucli a -person: yssitun ,the devil is riding Ilim,” in explanation of some strange؛‘ ,il')yrd, il? afrit) rakbd) queer action of a usually sane person. 2 Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society kept bound with chains and fetters, he brake the bands and was driven He was exceedingly ؛.(by the devil into the wilderness (Luke 8 29 fierce (M atth.8 28), so that no man might pass that way. This is exactly our present-day view of the lunatic. A majnun is now the laughing-stock of all. Nobody likes to have nobody ؛ anything to do with him. His illness is counted as a crime2 cares for him, and he is left to himself and to the grace of God who is expected to help him and heal him, for God has inflicted the madness upon him as a punishment In this way lunacy is considered as “something divine." 4 But aside from this the lunatic is believed to be inhabited by jinn, who manifest themselves through him. In common parlance we use about thirty synonyms for the word majnun, which, although they do not cover the meaning exactly (being sonae- times originally intended to convey another idea), yet are used expressly to convey a meaning parallel to “insane, lunatic," etc. They are mostly of the ]passive forms m a fu l and m u fa cal, rarely m٠٦a٦٠ lunatic being m a؛ possessed؛ absolutely؛ mad ﻣﺠﺬون majnun ﻝ٠ ؛fit of passion; being mad with joy or anger furious. .state of) madness; lunacy) ﺟﻨﻮ ن ٩٦h(U .stupid; silly; fool ﻣ ﻄﺒﻮ ل ׳l i d ﻵ٠ .stupidity, silliness, foolishness ﻫﺒ ﻞ babal .stupid acts, etc.; nonsense ﻫﺒﻠﻨ ﺔ bablaneb .fool, simpleton ﻫﺒﻠ ﻮﻧﺪ babaloneh .crack-brained ﻣ ﻮ و ت mabwut ﻷ٠ .madden, annoy خ; ت liauwat ﺧﻮ ت b a i t .idiot, crack brained اﺧﺬوت a٦٩1 t .maddening noise, etc ﺧﻮﺗﺖ bauteb .(crack-brained (from the same stem as ^'^,poet ﻣ ﺸ ﺺ A. m a l .startled; head trembling from old age ﻣﺮﻋﻮش maruS .5 .corrupt of mind ﻣﺴﺪوم mansum . ٩ .crack-brained,, over-excited ﺑ ﻮ و س mahxuus ٦٠ 1 People nowadays believe that he roams about in the wilderness, his, rather than among the graves. 2 If one may say so, although no one reproaches the idiot for his derangement. 3 The common belief is that God has taken the mind of the lunatic before- hand. (Artas.) ٠ﺅ١ﻵ١٠ eh ٠ a h i r a b l ١ ١٠a l i i xli * STEPHAN: Lunacy in Palestinian Folklore 3 .crotchet, monomania, insanity ﻫﻮس l a s .idiot, fool *دس haus .crack-brained, eccentric ﻣﻨﻘﻮ ع m a fu .8 .intoxicated, paralysed ﻣﻔﻠﻮع mahlu .ﻷ .imbecile, idiot ﻣﺠﺮوب t m a j i imbecility, idiocy, “furor sanctus” because ﺟ ﺮ را jtdab caused by a “good spirit.” .craziness, madness ﺣﻞ ﺑﺦ jadbeh ,(disordered in brain (by grief or love ﻣﺪﺑ ﻮ ل ma٦٩bu٦ ﻟﻞ٠ ,insane, crack-brained ﻣ ﺨﺒ ﻞ ymhabbal، ,madness, unsoundness of mind ﺷ ﻚ habaX ,(bewildered, dazed by fear (or love ﻣﺰﻣﻮع mazmu ,،ﻵﻝ .mad ﻃﻮو س matiuus ﻷﻝ٠ .mad ﻣﻄﻮوخ matwuh ﺍ ﻝ remaining under the influence of the jinn ﻣﻮﻫ ﺐ y m w i b ׳ .ﻻﺍًﻝ ׳ coming within their reach. .crazy, without brains ﻣﻮﻫ ﺖ mwahhyt ׳y .ﺓﻝ ׳ over-excited by love, fear ﻣﺜ ﺴ ﻮ ﺳ ﺐ mytsarsyb ﱈ ﺳﺐ ymsarsab .١٦ or grief. ”.touch“ ﺳﺮﺳﺎ ى syrsab ,epilepsy ﻣﺮع 'epileptic, insane, sar ﻣﻬﺮﻫﺢ ymsarsct .ﻫﻞ .mad dog ﻛﻠ ﺐ ﻣﻤﺮوع ،do. kalb masru ﻣﻤﺮوع masru .stupid, fool ﻃﻮذوع tartu ﻣﻄﺮﻃﻊ 'ymtarta .19 .with disordered brain ﻣﻨﻘ ﺶ ymnaTyd .20 ,(having dusted (his brains and thus lost them ﻣﺬﻏﺶ yrnnafycl ﻵ١٠ ,(finished (having no more brains ﻣﻐﺪ ى ymhaXXys .ﻵﻵ ,(completed (having no more brains ﻣ ﻜﺒ ﻞ ymkammyl .ﻷﻵ ,being like a dervish, careless, absent minded ﻣﺪروش ymdamuys ﺍﻵﻝ .delirious ﻣﺬرﺑﺤﻞ ymharbyt ﺩﺁﻵ٠ .idiot ﻫﺘﺪﻧ ﺦ hatileh .26 .imbecile ﻫﺘﻠ ﺔ h lX e h .crack-brained ﻃﺮﻣﻎ ymtarmah ,ﺍﻵﻝ clattering, crushing, rumbling (denoting an ﻣﺘﺮﻗﻊ ym'ar'd .28 empty skull). .dazed, ..crazy, deranged in mind ﻏﻜﻞ٠م ymmahmal ..29 .tinking, jingling, crack-brained ﻣ ﺪ ر م, ymharhys .30 originally classical),,-having a) ﺑ ﺬ ﺗ ﻞ ٠اﻟ ﺸﻌﻮ muhtall ys-s11ur .31 disordered mind. 1* 4 Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society From the legal point of view a lunatic is not punishable for the deeds he commits during his benighted state. Before the law he has the same rights which the minor enjoys. Like the minor he has a trustee according to whose decision he may marry. But if both parties are insane, a marriage cannot take place. If the husband right to ask ־becomes insane during the marriage the woman has the the qadi for a divorce, which will be granted to her in case her husband is “irrecoverably lost.” The man on his part may either divorce a wife with a deranged mind, or, if the case is less serious, await her improvement which is left to his entire discretion. He cannot be forced to divoi’ce her although lunacy may make a marriage null and void. No evidence of a lunatic is accepted before the court. It is not necessary, that a person must be inhabited by a spirit to be considered insane. There are symptoms which we are apt to regard as signs of jin n , even when they have no relation whatsoever In every case, in which such manifestations of a deranged ؛.with them intellect are noticed, the “man of the street” is inspired by reverence to those hidden forces of unknown origin which appear in the lunatic, the bahlul has the halo of a ؛thus giving him supernatural influence saint 2 The causes of lunacy are manifold.
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