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Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 1997 The Use and Abuse of Authority: an Investigation of the [Exousia] Passages in Revelation Laszlo I. Hangyas Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Hangyas, Laszlo I., "The Use and Abuse of Authority: an Investigation of the [Exousia] Passages in Revelation" (1997). Dissertations. 61. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/61 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary THE USE AND ABUSE OF AUTHORITY: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EEOYIIA PASSAGES IN REVELATION A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Laszlo I. Hangyas April 1997 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9 804052 Copyright 1997 by Hangyas, Laszlo I. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9804052 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. AH rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. © Copyright by Laszlo I. Hangyas 1997 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE USE AND ABUSE OF AUTHORITY: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ESOYZIA PASSAGES IN REVELATION A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Laszlo I . Hangyas APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: Faculty Adviser, rector o h.D./Th.D. Programs Jon Paulien andall W. ounlfe Professor of New Testament Interpretation Robert M. Johnston De(*rrX^Dff''Theol£gical seminary Professor of New Testament Werner K. Vyhmeister and Christian Origins Miroslav M. Kis Professor of Ethics Nancyicy J./vyWnei;J./'Vyraneister Professor of Mission / _J ? / f f"/ Srnest Jp.BurseyErnest J/. Bursey Appafova^/ date ' Professor of Biblical Studies Walla Walla College Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT THE USE AND ABUSE OF AUTHORITY: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE E20YIIA PASSAGES IN REVELATION by Laszlo I. Hangyas Adviser: Jon Paulien Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE USE AND ABUSE OF AUTHORITY: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EZOYIIA PASSAGES IN REVELATION Name of researcher: Laszlo I. Hangyas Name and degree of faculty adviser: Jon Paulien, Ph.D. Date completed: April 1997 The purpose of this dissertation is to carry out a linguistic, structural, and exegetical investigation of the term 8^0'UO'ia as it occurs in the Greek text of the Apocalypse. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the pertinent literature dealing with fc^O'uaia. The review follows a chronological order to demonstrate a trend in the development of E^O'Udia studies. Earlier works put more emphasis on the meaning of power or authority, whereas recent studies point to liberty and right as the primary meaning of E^oixricx. The current tendency emphasizes Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. philosophical and socio-ethical aspects without due consideration of the etymology of the term. Chapter 2 surveys the usage of E^O'UCTlot in nonbiblical (Greco-Roman, Papyri and Inscriptions, Jewish apocalyptic, Qumran, Hellenistic Jewish, Rabbinic) and biblical (LXX, Biblia Hebraica, Greek NT) literary sources that are linguistic backgrounds to the meaning of the term. The Greco-Roman and Hellenistic Jewish works generally employ fc^O'UCJia with regard to human power relationships. The NT use of the term closely follows the LXX and the Jewish apocalyptic usage particularly in the area of delegated power/authority in human and supernatural relationships. Chapter 3 focuses on the specifics of the twenty-one fe^O'uaia occurrences in Revelation. These passages are investigated in the literary context and structure of the book. The role fe^owia plays in the overall literary context of the Apocalypse is further demonstrated by microstructural analyses of the passages. The term plays a special focusing role both in the macro- and the microstructures of the Apocalypse. Thus, it significantly contributes to the central message of Revelation, which is the activity and judgment of antidivine powers. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. In the summary and conclusions of the dissertation the findings of the research are given. Theological and ethical implications are pointed out, and some areas for further study are suggested. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. To my wife Marta and to our three children Robert, Melinda, and Roland, whose unceasing prayers made my endeavor fruitful iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..................................... vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................... viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................... xiv INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1 Statement of the Problem ......................... 2 Statement of Thesis .............................. 2 Delimitation of Study ............................ 3 Research Methodology ............................. 4 Definitions of Terms ............................. 5 Chapter I. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................. 6 Before TWNT ................................ 7 The Importance of TWNT/TDNT ............... 11 Studies between 1936 and 1964 ............. 16 The Concept of TBNT/NIDNTT ................ 21 Studies between 1966 and 1986 ............. 24 Recent Developments ........................ 33 Summary .................................... 40 II. THE BACKGROUND TO THE USE OF ESOYZIA IN THE BOOK OF REVELATION ............................ 42 Nonbiblical Works .......................... 42 Greco-Roman Writings .................... 43 Classical Greek Authors ............. 43 Papyri and Inscriptions ............. 51 Jewish Writings ......................... 56 The OT Pseudepigrapha ............... 56 Qumran Writings ...................... 64 Hellenistic Jewish Authors .......... 65 Philo ............................. 66 Josephus .......................... 72 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Rabbinic Works .............. •. 7 9 Summary .................................... 83 Biblical Writings .......................... 84 E^oixria/e^o'uoid^Eiv in the LXX .......... 84 E^ouaia .............................. 87 E^o-uaid^siv........................... 92 E^ouaia/E^ouaia^Eiv in the NT ........... 95 E^ovaia .............................. 98 The Gospels

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