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Diccionario Escolar Diccionario Escolar Ik´ıitu kuwas´ıini – tawi-kuwas´ıini Iquito – Castellano Tercera edici´on Centro del Idioma Ik´ıitu San Antonio de Pintuyacu Diccionario Escolar Ik´ıitu kuwas´ıini – tawi-kuwas´ıini Iquito – Castellano Compilado por: Christine Beier Lev Michael Basado en los conocimientos de los especialistas: Jaime Pacaya Inuma Ema Llona Yareja Hermenegildo D´ıaz Cuyasa Ligia Inuma Inuma Tercera edici´on Agosto 2019 Centro del Idioma Ik´ıitu San Antonio de Pintuyacu, Loreto, Per´u © 2019 Cabeceras Aid Project Impreso en Iquitos por Cabeceras Aid Project Agradecimientos Este diccionario escolar es uno de los productos del trabajo colaborativo del equipo de investigaci´ondel proyecto de documentar y recuperar el idioma ik´ıitu, conocido como ‘iquito’ en el castellano. El proyecto fue lanzado en junio del a˜no 2001 y es basado en el Centro del Idioma Ik´ıitu en la comunidad iquito de San Antonio de Pintuyacu. La primera fase de trabajo intensivo culmin´oen diciembre 2006. La actual fase de trabajo intensivo se inici´oen mayo 2014, con el fin de profundizar, mejorar y emitir un nuevo juego de materiales en y acerca del idioma. Cada persona que disfruta de este diccionario escolar debe mucho a todos los especialistas del idioma iquito, quienes han compartido tanto de sus conocimientos, su sabidur´ıa y su tiempo con los ling¨uistas del Centro del Idioma Ik´ıitu. Sin el compromiso de los especialistas, el proyecto de documentaci´ondel idioma no hu- biera podido existir. En especial, agradecemos a los se˜nores Jaime Pacaya Inuma y Hermenegildo D´ıaz Cuyasa y a las se˜noras Ema Llona Yareja y Ligia Inuma Inuma. Pedimos disculpas a los especialistas por cualquier error que aparezca en las siguientes p´aginas. El proyecto de recuperaci´ony documentaci´ondel idioma iquito, conocido en ingl´es como The Iquito Language Documentation Project (ILDP), se empez´ocomo un proyecto colaborativo entre la ONG Cabeceras Aid Project, The University of Texas at Austin y La Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en Lima. Desde su inicio en 2001 hasta el d´ıade hoy, el proyecto ha tenido el apoyo financiero y log´ıstico de la ONG Cabeceras. Adem´as, en 2001 y 2002, el proyecto ten´ıa apoyo financiero de The Endangered Language Fund y The University of Texas at Austin; y entre 2003 y 2006, el proyecto ten´ıa apoyo financiero de The Endangered Languages Documentation Programme (MDP No. 0042) de la University of London. En 2015 y 2016, cont´ocon apoyo financiero de The National Science Foundation de los Estados Unidos (Becas Nos. FN-230216-15 y FN-230217-15) y un Mellon Project Grant. Como una de los coordinadores del proyecto, ofrezco a estas entidades los agradecimientos profundos de todos los integrantes del proyecto a trav´es de los a˜nos, cuyos trabajos, investigaciones y logros han sido apoyados por esas entidades. Dra. Christine Beier, Editora Julio 2019 Iquitos, Per´u Diccionario escolar ik´ıitu | v Diccionario escolar ik´ıitu | vi Introducci´on al diccionario escolar Esta tercera edici´ondel Diccionario Escolar ha sido elaborado por el equipo del Centro del Idioma Ik´ıitu para la gente del pueblo iquito, con el fin de alentar el aprendizaje y la ense˜nanza del idioma ik´ıitu,conocidocomo‘iquito’enelcastellano, en las casas y las escuelas del pueblo iquito. Las entradas de esta versi´onescolar del diccionario se basan en los datos del Diccionario Iquito–Castellano,perohansidosimplificadasyaclaradaspara que sean m´as apropiadas para un p´ublico j´oven, como los alumnos de las escuelas y los colegios en las comunidades. El diccionario completo se publicar´apor separado. El nombre del idioma Por lo general, cuando hablamos el idioma castellano, pronunciamos el nombre del idioma iquito as´ı:“iquito” y lo deletreamos con las letras del alfabeto castellano: iquito Por otro lado, cuando hablamos el idioma “ik´ıitu” pronunciamos el nombre de otra manera, as´ı:“ik´ıitu”y lo deletreamos con las letras de su propio alfabeto: ik´ıitu Diccionario escolar ik´ıitu | 1 Los sub-grupos del pueblo iquito y sus variantes del habla En tiempos pasados, antes de que sus territorios fueran invadidos por gente ajena, la gente del pueblo iquito vivi´oen un territorio grande que incluy´olas cuencas de los r´ıos Pintuyacu, Nanay, Maz´an y Mom´on. Los Iquito mayormente viv´ıan en peque˜nos grupos y en asentamientos separados por grandes distancias, una manera de vivir que le proporcionaba a cada grupo amplios terrenos de caza y recolecci´on de otros recursos. Debido a esta manera de vivir, aunque todo ellos hablaban el idioma iquito, diferentes grupos ten´ıansus propias maneras de hablar, con diferencias en ciertas partes. Para respetar las diferencias del habla que existen dentro del pueblo, este diccionario incluye palabras que pertenec´ıana distintos grupos. Por eso, ciertas palabras incluyen informaciones sobre d´ondeo qui´enes las usan o usaban. Tambi´en hay palabras (entradas) calificadas como variante en casos que sean dos palabras que tienen diferentes formas pero comparten el mismo significado. El ´orden de la palabras En este diccionario, las palabras se ordenan seg´un el ´orden del alfabeto iquito, que es as´ı: a, aa, i, ii, i-,i-i-, j, k, m, n, p, r, s, t, u, uu, w, y Para saber m´as sobre el alfabeto, lea la parte Nuestro alfabeto acontinuaci´on. C´omo buscar una palabra en este diccionario Hay dos maneras de buscar una palabra del idioma iquito en este diccionario. La primera manera es buscar alguna palabra del iquito directamente en la parte prin- cipal del diccionario y leer su entrada para aprender el significado de la palabra y obtener otras informaciones sobre la palabra. La segunda manera es buscar alg´un significado en el castellano en la ´ultima parte del diccionario y por este medio aprender cu´alpalabra del iquito corresponde a ese significado. Diccionario escolar ik´ıitu | 2 C´omo leer una entrada Las informaciones que el diccionario proporciona sobre una determinada palabra en el iquito est´anorganizadas en lo que se llama una entrada.Porlogeneral,la estructura de una entrada es la siguiente: encabezado clase de encabezado definici´on.Otras informaciones • Cada entrada empiece con el encabezado,queesigualalapalabraexactasobre la cual la entrada nos da informaciones. La clase de encabezado indica la funci´on del encabezado cuando est´acolocado en el habla del idioma. Las varias clases de palabras que aparecen en este diccionario est´andescritas en la pr´oxima secci´on, m´asabajo. La definici´on es la explicaci´ondel significado del encabezado. Muchas entradas • tienen m´asde una definici´on.En esos casos, cada definici´onempieza con . • Adem´as de la definici´on en s´ı, otras informaciones sobre el encabezado pueden aparecer en la entrada. Detallamos estos tipos de informaciones en la pr´oxima secci´onabajo. Aqu´ıvemos un ejemplo de una entrada: sa´amina adjetivo nuevo, hablando de cosas y personas • En este ejemplo, el encabezado es: sa´amina.Laclasedeencabezadoes:adjetivo. La definici´ones: nuevo, hablando de cosas y personas. • Aqu´ıvemos otro ejemplo de una entrada m´as larga: aana sustantivo bufeo en general. Los dos tipos son: aana a´akusana y • aana mi-´ı-nana. Forma pose´ıda: ´a a n a . Plural: aanaka Diccionario escolar ik´ıitu | 3 En este ejemplo, el encabezado es: aana. La clase de encabezado es: sustantivo. La definici´ones: bufeo en general. • Despu´es de la definici´on, vienen otras informaciones claves sobre esta palabra. Primero, vemos los dos tipos de bufeo: aana a´akusana y aana mi-´ı-nana. Segundo, vemos la forma pose´ıda para la palabra: ´aana. Tercero, vemos la forma plural de la palabra: aanaka. Diccionario escolar ik´ıitu | 4 Clases de encabezado y otros tipos de informaci´on que aparecen en este diccionario Adjetivo Es un tipo de palabra que se refiere a una caracter´ıstica o cualidad de una persona, cosa, lugar, idea, u otra entidad por ejemplo: a´akusana rojo uum´aana grande sa´amina nuevo Los adjetivos que terminan en na pueden tener formas plurales con mi para cosas no animadas y pi- para seres animados por ejemplo: a´akusami cosas rojas a´akusapi- seres rojos uum´aami cosas grandes uum´aapi- seres grandes sa´amimi cosas nuevas sa´amipi- seres nuevos Adverbio Es un tipo de palabra que expresa el tiempo, ciertos tipos de lugar o la manera de realizar una acci´on por ejemplo: a´akari,ahora,hoy s´ıipa lejos iyar´akata r´apido Demostrativo Es un tipo de palabra que usamos para se˜nalar o hacer referen- cia a algo sin usar su nombre, similar a las palabras ´esa,´ese, ´eso,´esta,´este,´esto (y formas similares) del castellano, pero con significados algo distintos por ejemplo: iina es similar a ´esa,´ese,´eso,´esta,´este,´esto,sinimportar cu´antas entidades son y sin importar si son seres animados o cosas no animadas: iin´a=ti-i-,´estees,o´estosson,´esaes(yformassimilares) Diccionario escolar ik´ıitu | 5 iipi- es similar a ´estos,´estas,perosiemprehacereferenciaaseres animados yaunacantidadm´asde uno: iip´ı-=ti-i-,´estasson,´esosson(yformassimilares) Demostrativo Es un tipo de demostrativo que debe incluir informaciones sobre locativo (loc.) la ubicaci´onde algo con respecto a la persona que habla. La informaci´on locativa siempre aparece al final de la palabra por ejemplo: iik´u=ti-i-,´esearribaes iim´a=ti-i-,´eseabajoes Dependiente Es un tipo de palabra que no puede aparecer solo y siempre tiene que apoyarse por otra palabra. Como no pueden aparecer solitas, las palabras dependientes siempre llevan un signo = por ejemplo: k´ı= mi naa= tambi´en =jata con =kija pero Determinante Es un tipo de palabra que acompa˜na a un sustantivo y funciona
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