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Kichwa-English-Spanish Dictionary

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Kichwa-English-Spanish Dictionary Kichwa-English-Spanish Dictionary Nina Kinti-Moss Nematni Baltazar Masaquiza Chango 2nd edition Kichwa-English-Spanish Dictionary Nina Kinti-Moss Nematni Baltazar Masaquiza Chango 2nd edition Copyright © 2018 The Authors This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Published by the Center for Latin American & Caribbean Studies University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas In a cramped Quito apartment in the late 1990s, the first draft of this dictionary, in Kichwa and Spanish, was written by my brother, Nematni Baltazar Masaquiza Chango. In the fall of 2004, with my beginning Kichwa students at Kansas University, and then with my Kichwa II students in the spring of 2005, we added many words and the English meanings to make it a tri-lingual Kichwa-Spanish-English dictionary. Kichwa is the most widely spoken indigenous language of the Americas. It is spoken today in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. There are dialectical differences between regions. Within Ecuador, where I grew up, one finds minor letter changes between regions. In one dialect people might say kanda instead of kanta; jaka instead of q’aqa; ufiana or upina instead of uvyana; maskana, instead of mashkana. Kichwa speakers and students will notice that I have not strictly followed the pronunciation and spelling conventions of Ecuadorian Unified Kichwa, but rather have applied vocabulary and conventions from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Why did I do this? In part, I have taken advantage of a language that is not yet standardized—Ecuadorian Kichwa isn’t—to experiment in using other indigenous’ peoples’ letters. For example, Mayans and Aztec intellectuals have been reclaiming their own languages and using their original codices as guides. Borrowing words and letters from other languages is happening all the time, but there is often a forced quality in the way European languages and letters have come into indigenous languages. Why can’t Kichwa borrow letters from other indigenous cultures? Or words from cousin languages like Aymara? To reclaim ownership of our language, we need to re-assume authority over it. In the Andes, Kichwa did not have written form. Instead, Catholic missionaries translated the Bible into Kichwa using the Spanish alphabet according to ears trained by Spanish sounds and rules. As more and more native Kichwas have achieved university degrees, many have made efforts to reclaim our language, to make it our own rather than ruled by conventions developed and imposed by non-native speakers. An example is the recent assertion of Mayans and Kichwas who have gone through the considerable trouble of changing from Spanish, Christian names to indigenous names. This dictionary is written for Kichwa speakers and non-Kichwa speakers. Whoever wants to learn the language of the Inkas should find it useful. A native English speaker does not have to know Spanish in order to learn Kichwa. We hope this dictionary will also be useful for translators of academic works, school teachers, radio and television producers, and travelers who want to communicate with Kichwa speakers throughout the Andes. I want more people to be exposed to Kichwa, learn it, and support its preservation. English speakers need to know a few more details about regional usages and how they are used here. Ecuadorian Kichwa speakers use three vowels, a, i, and u. Peruvian and Bolivian Quechua have words pronounced with the e and o. The Kichwa alphabet I have used here is gathered from various books from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. I used the letter k instead of c. The letter j is used for the h, and for the past habitual tense and adjectives. The marked letter k’ or q’ are used instead of kh, the letter p’ instead of ph. Ecuador uses the letters sh like English, but Peru and Bolivia use only s. For example, in Ecuador we say shunku, but in Peru and Bolivia Quechua speakers say sonko or sonqoy. Nina Kinti-Moss (formerly Martina Masaquiza) Kichwa Instructor Center for Latin American Studies University of Kansas 1 Kichwa-English-Spanish Dictionary The definition of (neo.) is: A newly created word. Kichwa English Spanish Part of speech Category aa hope ojalá verb; noun expect and wish; have hopes abyayala america américa noun the Americas organización de estados abyayala patapak tandanakuy organization of American states americanos noun an organized structure ach perhaps quizá adv chance ach should be debe ser verb had better achacha (neo.) toy juguete noun toy achachay cold, expression frío; que adj temperature achachi (neo.) grandfather abuelo noun family achalla admirable admirable adj pleasing achallana please (to) complacer verb; adv pleasure; delight achallanina like (to); be fond of (to) aficionar adj same achallku (neo.) chukllu aqcha corn silk pelo de maiz noun cornsilk achankara flower (white) flor blanca noun flowers achari like; should be así debe ser verb; adj comparable acharina belief creer noun faith achariñina (neo.) doubt a little (to) dudar un poco verb; noun incertitude achik light; electricity luz; luz eléctica noun energy achiklla clear claro adj; verb clean achiknina shine; clear brillar verb; adj; noun glow achikyachik light bulb foco noun bulb achikyana morning dawn; dusk madrugada noun; verb time of day achimama godmother madrina noun family achitayta godfather padrino noun family achiwa (neo.) umbrella; parasol parasol; paraguas noun; adj canopy achiykamayuk (neo.) enchanting; sorcerer hechicero adj; verb magician achiyna (neo.) divine (to); guess (to) adivinar adj; verb; noun godlike 2 Kichwa English Spanish Part of speech Category achka a lot; abundant; much abundante; bastante adj ample; rich achka kutin many times; several times muchas veces adj; noun lots achkamayuk wealth; riches riqueza noun wealthiness achkayachina increase; grow (to) aumentar verb; noun gain achkayashka (neo.) public publico adj; noun general achñina agree; assent asentir; consentimiento noun; verb correspond achpa earth; land tierra; terreno noun planet achpa; allpa land; soil tierra noun; verb the earth's surface achpakamayuk (neo.) farmer agricultor noun farmer achpakamayukkuna farmers labradores; agricultores noun people achpakamyuk (neo.) agriculture agricultura noun; verb people engaged in growing food achpakuyuy earthquake temblor noun seism achpallaqta (neo.) continent continente (geo.) noun; adj large landmasses achpaq’aqa ravine; gorge barranca noun valley achpaqusni (neo.) dust; powder; pinch polvo noun; verb debris achpasnin (neo.) terrain terreno noun parcel of land achpatarpuy farming sembrar noun; adj; verb producing achpawira (neo.) petroleum petroleo noun black gold; crude achpawka army ejercito; soldados noun military achpayana gather dust (to) empolvarse noun; verb assemble achpayukkuna landowners terratenientes noun persons achqo dog perro noun animal achqochana (neo.) insult, offend (to) insultar verb; noun abuse achurana (neo.) rakina divide (to) repartir verb; noun separate achuyuna (neo.) influence (to) influir verb; noun charm ahichana sift; sieve (to) cernir verb; noun strainer; strain ak’i mother-in-law suegra noun family aka dung; excrement; rust estiércol; escoria de metal noun; verb fertilize; droppings akakllu (neo.) bird whistle; bird call pájaro; pito noun; verb wind instrument 3 Kichwa English Spanish Part of speech Category akalli (neo.) intestine; gut intestino noun body part akanchani; mapayana to dirty (to) ensuciar adj; verb; adv filthy akañikuna (neo.) complain quejar verb discontent; unhappiness akañispanikachay moan; groan gemido noun; verb discomfort; pain akañiypayak complaining quejoso adj dissatisfaction akantank’a (neo.) beetle escarabajo pelotero noun; adj insect akapana hurricane hurricane noun nature; cyclone akapana tornado; jupiter tornado; jupiter noun nature; windstorm akapanamananmi (neo.) rosy sonrosados adj bushful akarak’ay (neo.) toilet; hygienic service servicio higiénico noun; verb bathroom akarwa; pillpintu butterfly mariposa grande noun insect akatanha (neo.) beetle escarabajo noun insect; fly akawara (neo.) diaper pañal noun a fabric; folded cloth akichik (neo.) ready; willing dispuesto adj; noun prepared akilla glass vaso noun container akilla (neo.) glass vaso noun a container akilla (neo.) pot vasija noun cooking vessel akkanak (neo.) servant servidor noun handmaid akki (neo.) k' achun sister-in-law cuñada noun family akllu (neo.) stutterer tartamudo noun person akna (neo.) rite; ceremony rito noun ceremony aknana (neo.) celebrate celebrar verb a social importance aknara (neo.) stupid estúpido adj; noun foolish aknina belch (to); burn (to) eructar verb; noun expel gas; eruct aksi altitude; height; high altura noun; adj elevation aksu; anaqu skirt saya; falda noun; verb cloth aktuna spit; spew (to) escupir verb; noun spit out aku sand arena noun; verb grains of rock aku (neo.) rare raro adj uncommon 4 Kichwa English Spanish Part of speech Category akucha (neo.) poor quality malo; mala calidad adj inadequate akuna; mallina to taste probar noun; verb sense of taste akura (neo.) private privado adj; noun individual akurayachachikuna private lessons lección privada noun; adj private lesson akus(llullaj) (neo.) liar, fibber embustero noun person akuylla (neo.) evil; wicked malvado adj; noun ill akwa cinnamon colored; cinnamon canela noun aromatic bark alaa (neo.) kallanpa mushroom hongo noun; verb food alamu; mashi friend amigo noun person alapana finish (to); put and end to (to) rematar verb; noun end alapana interweave (to) entretejer verb interlace alapana roll; wrap (to) liar noun
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