Washington, Thursday, January 15, 1942
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World War II-Related Exhibitions at the National Gallery of Art
National Gallery of Art: Research Resources Relating to World War II World War II-Related Exhibitions at the National Gallery of Art During the war years, the National Gallery of Art presented a series of exhibitions explicitly related to the war or presenting works of art for which the museum held custody during the hostilities. Descriptions of each of the exhibitions is available in the list of past exhibitions at the National Gallery of Art. Catalogs, brochures, press releases, news reports, and photographs also may be available for examination in the Gallery Archives for some of the exhibitions. The Great Fire of London, 1940 18 December 1941-28 January 1942 American Artists’ Record of War and Defense 7 February-8 March 1942 French Government Loan 2 March 1942-1945, periodically Soldiers of Production 17 March-15 April 1942 Three Triptychs by Contemporary Artists 8-15 April 1942 Paintings, Posters, Watercolors, and Prints, Showing the Activities of the American Red Cross 2-30 May 1942 Art Exhibition by Men of the Armed Forces 5 July-2 August 1942 War Posters 17 January-18 February 1943 Belgian Government Loan 7 February 1943-January 1946 War Art 20 June-1 August 1943 Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Drawings and Watercolors from French Museums and Private Collections 8 August-5 September 1943 (second showing) Art for Bonds 12 September-10 October 1943 1DWLRQDO*DOOHU\RI$UW:DVKLQJWRQ'&*DOOHU\$UFKLYHV ::,,5HODWHG([KLELWLRQVDW1*$ Marine Watercolors and Drawings 12 September-10 October 1943 Paintings of Naval Aviation by American Artists -
During World War Ii. New Insights from the Annual Audits of German Aircraft Producers
ECONOMIC GROWTH CENTER YALE UNIVERSITY P.O. Box 208629 New Haven, CT 06520-8269 http://www.econ.yale.edu/~egcenter/ CENTER DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 905 DEMYSTIFYING THE GERMAN “ARMAMENT MIRACLE” DURING WORLD WAR II. NEW INSIGHTS FROM THE ANNUAL AUDITS OF GERMAN AIRCRAFT PRODUCERS Lutz Budraß University of Bochum Jonas Scherner University of Mannheim Jochen Streb University of Hohenheim January 2005 Notes: Center Discussion Papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussions and critical comments. The first version of this paper was written while Streb was visiting the Economic Growth Center at Yale University in fall 2004. We are grateful to the Economic Growth Center for financial support. We thank Christoph Buchheim, Mark Spoerer, Timothy Guinnane, and the participants of the Yale economic history workshop for many helpful comments. Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Jochen Streb, University of Hohenheim (570a), D- 70593 Stuttgart, Germany, E-Mail: [email protected]. This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network electronic library at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=661102 An index to papers in the Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper Series is located at: http://www.econ.yale.edu/~egcenter/research.htm Demystifying the German “armament miracle” during World War II. New insights from the annual audits of German aircraft producers by Lutz Budraß, Jonas Scherner, and Jochen Streb Abstract Armament minister Albert Speer is usually credited with causing the boom in German armament production after 1941. This paper uses the annual audit reports of the Deutsche Revisions- und Treuhand AG for seven firms which together represented about 50 % of the German aircraft producers. -
WHO's WHO in the WAR in EUROPE the War in Europe 7 CHARLES DE GAULLE
who’s Who in the War in Europe (National Archives and Records Administration, 342-FH-3A-20068.) POLITICAL LEADERS Allies FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT When World War II began, many Americans strongly opposed involvement in foreign conflicts. President Roosevelt maintained official USneutrality but supported measures like the Lend-Lease Act, which provided invaluable aid to countries battling Axis aggression. After Pearl Harbor and Germany’s declaration of war on the United States, Roosevelt rallied the country to fight the Axis powers as part of the Grand Alliance with Great Britain and the Soviet Union. (Image: Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-128765.) WINSTON CHURCHILL In the 1930s, Churchill fiercely opposed Westernappeasement of Nazi Germany. He became prime minister in May 1940 following a German blitzkrieg (lightning war) against Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. He then played a pivotal role in building a global alliance to stop the German juggernaut. One of the greatest orators of the century, Churchill raised the spirits of his countrymen through the war’s darkest days as Germany threatened to invade Great Britain and unleashed a devastating nighttime bombing program on London and other major cities. (Image: Library of Congress, LC-USW33-019093-C.) JOSEPH STALIN Stalin rose through the ranks of the Communist Party to emerge as the absolute ruler of the Soviet Union. In the 1930s, he conducted a reign of terror against his political opponents, including much of the country’s top military leadership. His purge of Red Army generals suspected of being disloyal to him left his country desperately unprepared when Germany invaded in June 1941. -
CIVILIAN DEFENSE (January - May 1943)
(Bibliographies of the World at War No. VIl) Supplement No. 2 a THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE CIVILIAN DEFENSE (January - May 1943) Selected and 'Annotated Bibliography on the Organization and Administration of Air Raid Protection Washington, D.C. 1943 PREFACE These "Bibliographies of the World at War" are periodical cumulations of a weekly annotated index of material relating to the war in its various aspects. This material cciaes into the Library of Congress and.into, some of the Departmental and specialized libraries in .Yashington. It represents a selection f rom several thousand periodicals, books and pamphlets. In making the selection, emphasis is placed upon the economic and social aspects of the war effort, since the current index is prepared as a Joint project of the National War Agencies and the Library of Congress, Increasing emphasis is placed on the impact of the war upon political conditions and institutions. Stress has always been laid upon postwar problems. Highly technical engineering, military, and medical articles and bocks are not covered. The cumulations as a whole have been brought together under ten subject divisions, noted below. The basic cumulation covered the first year of the project, from April 1, 1941 to May 31, 1942, The first series of supplements covered the nine months from the first of April 1942., to the end of the yee.r. Supplement No. 2, presented herewith, covers the first five months of 1943. The titles of the separate cumulations indicate roughtly the coverage of each of the bibliographies. I. Political Developments and the War II, Agriculture in a War Economy. -
Background to Japanese American Relocation
CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND TO JAPANESE AMERICAN RELOCATION Japanese Americans Prior to World War II The background to Japanese American relocation extends to the mid-19th century when individuals of Chinese descent first arrived in the Western U.S. to work as mine and railroad laborers (Appendix B). Discrimination against the Chinese arose soon after because of economic (i.e., unfair labor competition) and racial (i.e., claims of racial impurity and injury to western civilization) concerns. Because a significant portion of California’s population was Chinese (i.e., approximately 10% in 1870), California played a key role in this discrimination. In 1882, U.S. President Arthur signed into law the Chinese Exclusion Act that effectively ended Chinese immigration to the U.S. until 1943 when the U.S. was allied with China in World War II (Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, 1997). Individuals of Japanese descent began to emigrate in significant numbers to North America’s West Coast in the late 19th century (Appendix B). They came primarily because of the “push” of harsh economic conditions in Japan and the “pull” of employment opportunities in the U.S., partially created by the loss of the Chinese labor force (Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, 1997). Most of these first generation Japanese or Issei settled in California, Oregon, and Washington where they worked in the agriculture, timber, and fishing industries. In California alone, the number of Japanese immigrants increased from 1,147 in 1890 to 10,151 in 1900 (U.S. Census Office, 1895; 1901). The total Japanese American population in the U.S. -
SURVEY of CURRENT BUSINESS January 1942
SURVEY OF JANUARY 1942 STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE Special Announcement of Publishing Policy The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce announces a sim plified publishing program for the duration of the war. The Reference Services, special reports, and cooperative studies which have been pub-, lished separately for industries or for groups interested in special projects will be consolidated into three periodicals, each of which is designed to, serve a particular function. The Survey of Current Business will continue to provide economic and statistical information to the business and professional community. Publishable foreign trade information will be concentrated jn ,Forei~ Commerce Weekly. Industry and business will find in the pages of Domestic Commerce those commercial reports which can be made public, The contents of the Bureau periodicals may be abridged in botli e:xtdnt and variety. In not all instances will information heretofore available be published. In the present issue of the Survey, for example, ~lJ foreigri trade statistics and certain other statistical data which are of particular military significance have been discontinued. Moreover, because a large proportion of the Bureau personnel is engaged in providing necessary information for war agencies, it will be impossible to draw as completely upon the staff's specialized knowledge. On the other hand, it is hoped that an increasing flow of information helpful to the efficient functioning of business during the war economy will be derived from the fact-finding, fact-analyzing activities of the Bureau for the war agencies. Subscribers should expect changes in format and paper, as the publications will cooperate with the Government Printing ()ffice in the most efficient and economical use of its equipment and paper stocks. -
Or, Memori Phea Al and My Camp Internment Es of Uv
Prologue A DIARY OF MY MEMORIES——OR, MEMORIES OF UVPHEA AL AND MY CAMP INTERNMENT (1941 - 1942) THE SETTING: Los Angeles in Southern California The City of SAN PEDRO - Los Angeles Harbor The precise location: TERMINAL ISLAND The final days of the Japanese fishing settlement on Terminal Island, the resident fishermen and their families. THE TIME: 7 and 8 December 1941. NAME OF VESSEL: "BRITTANIA MARU" VESSEL OWNER: UONO, Michihiko SKIPPER: KIBATA, Masanobu LOOK-OUT: UONO, Yukizo LIFE-BOATS: SHIGEI, Iwao Toyojiro Suzuki and his fellow men-of-the-sea who shared the same fate Translated into the English language for my children and their children, in March of 1982. Translated by: JY The forty-two names listed at the beginning of my diary— starting with Ryokichi Hashimoto and ending with Yaoichi Ichiki ——are the names of my fellow fishermen and my fellow countrymen with whom I Journeyed North to a barren and God-forsaken area of ice and snow near the Canadian border. Here——in the isolated backcountry of North Dakota, we were forcibly incarcerated. Our lengthy confinement within an encirclement of armed guards was for political reasons that were far beyond the control of the men of the fishing fleet in Fish Harbor--- -- . TERMINAL ISIAND. T. Suzuki On 7 December 1941——at 12 O'clock midnight, we weigh anchor and depart from Fish Harbor, Terminal Island, and head for the open sea. As we approach the lighthouse at the tip of the breakwater, we notice many, many buoys floating on the water surface. We turn our starboard side to the lighthouse and veer left toward the west. -
Alamance County World War II Deaths There Were Approximately 220
Alamance County World War II Deaths There were approximately 220 local deaths in World War II. This information was compiled from microfilm for the Local History Collection at May Memorial Library with the help of Miriam Pace, library volunteer and member of the Alamance County Friends of the Library, who spent many hours researching and copying. Allen, Robert Cecil son of George Walter Allen and Dora Bailey Allen died April 11, 1945 in World War II buried at Cane Creek Friends Burial Ground Source: The Allen Family by Lester M. Allen Anderson, Roy Clifton Private First Class son of Mr. and Mrs. C.L. Anderson of South Park Ave., Burlington died October 3, 1944 as a result of injuries received in a vehicle accident He had been overseas since June 1943. He is survived by his parents and a sister, Mrs. J.K. Dixon of Burlington Source: Times-News Nov. 13, 1944 Askew, Harrell Coble Corporal of Askew St., Burlington died July 13, 1945 in Burlington at age 26 years. Funeral services were held at the First Reformed Church and honorary pallbearers were supplied by a detachment from O.R.D. at Greensboro. Interment was in Pine Hill Cemetery in Burlington. Source: Times-News July 19, 1945 Ausley, Williams Shreve Gunner’s Mate son of Mr. and Mrs. W.F. Ausley of Elon College was killed August 9, 1944 while serving on PT 509. Ausley was inducted into the Naval Reserve in February 1942 and went overseas to England in 1944. He was originally buried on Guernsey Island by the Germans after the sinking of his boat. -
Was Armament Minister Albert Speer Really Responsible for the German
Was armament minister Albert Speer really responsible for the German “armament miracle” during World War II? New doubts arising from the annual audits of the German aircraft producers. Jonas Scherner University of Mannheim Jochen Streb University of Hohenheim Abstract Armament minister Albert Speer is usually credited with causing the upswing in German armament production after 1941. Exploring the annual audit reports of the Deutsche Revisions- und Treuhand AG for six different firms, we question this view by showing that in the German aircraft industry the crucial political changes already occurred before World War II. The government decided in 1938 that aircraft producers had to concentrate on a few different types, and in 1937 cost-plus contracts were replaced with fixed price contracts. What followed was not a sudden production miracle but a continuous development which was fuelled by learning-by-doing and by the ongoing growth of the capital endowment. Preliminary version. Please do not quote. Comments are welcome. 1 The German armament miracle In December 1941 the Russian army stopped the German Wehrmacht near Moscow. That along with the United States’ entry into World War II brought the National Socialists’ strategy to fight so-called Blitzkriege, which could be waged with a comparatively low number of soldiers and arms, to a sudden end.1 Now confronted with the prospect of a long-lasting war against the Unites States and Soviet Russia, the German military planners acknowledged that they had to increase their armament production considerably. This insight was frankly made public by the economic journal Deutscher Volkswirt (1942, p. -
Salvage Diary from 1 March – 1942 Through 15 November, 1943
Salvage Diary from 1 March – 1942 through 15 November, 1943 INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT WAR DIARY COLLECTION It is with deep gratitude to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in San Bruno, California for their kind permission in acquiring and referencing this document. Credit for the reproduction of all or part of its contents should reference NARA and the USS ARIZONA Memorial, National Park Service. Please contact Sharon Woods at the phone # / address below for acknowledgement guidelines. I would like to express my thanks to the Arizona Memorial Museum Association for making this project possible, and to the staff of the USS Arizona Memorial for their assistance and guidance. Invaluable assistance was provided by Stan Melman, who contributed most of the ship classifications, and Zack Anderson, who provided technical guidance and Adobe scans. Most of the Pacific Fleet Salvage that was conducted upon ships impacted by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor occurred within the above dates. The entire document will be soon be available through June, 1945 for viewing. This salvage diary can be searched by any full or partial keyword. The Diaries use an abbreviated series of acronyms, most of which are listed below. Their deciphering is work in progress. If you can provide assistance help “fill in the gaps,” please contact: AMMA Archival specialist Sharon Woods (808) 422-7048, or by mail: USS Arizona Memorial #1 Arizona Memorial Place Honolulu, HI 96818 Missing Dates: 1 Dec, 1941-28 Feb, 1942 (entire 3 months) 11 March, 1942 15 Jun -
Counterintelligence in WWII
CI in World War II End Notes 1 This is a continuation of the article by S/A Wayne 15 Memorandum from Ladd to the Director, 2/27/46 Goldstein, the first part appeared in Volume I 16 Annual Report of the Attorney General for Fiscal Year 2 Ray S Cline, Secrets, Spies and Scholars, Washington, 1942, p 209 1976, p 9 17 Annual Report of the Attorney General for Fiscal Year 3 Lyman B Kirkpatrick Jr, The US Intelligence 1944, pp 17, 234-247 From 1940 to 1943, a National Community; Foreign Policy and Domestic Activities, Defense Section on the Criminal Division had New York, 1973, p 9 supervised espionage and Selective Service prosecutions It was renamed the Internal Security 4 Harry Howe Ransom, Central Intelligence and National Section in 1943 Security, Cambridge, 1959, pp 106-108 18 Memorandum from Attorney General Biddle to 5 See Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA; Assistant Attorney General Cox and Hoover, Director, Japanese-Americans and World War II (New York: Holt, FBI, 7/6/43 Rinehart, and Winston, 1971): Stetson Conn, et al, The United States Army in World War II: The Western 19 Director Hoover interpreted the Attorney Generals Hemisphere: Guarding the United States and Its order as applying only to the list maintained by the Outposts: (1964) Justice Departments special unit (Memorandum from Hoover to FBI Field Offices, Re: Dangerousness 6 Cited in memorandum from J Edgar Hoover to the Classification, 8/14/43 Attorney General, 10/16/40 20 Memorandum from Hoover to FBI Field Offices, Re: 7 Memorandum from Stimson to the Attorney General, -
Friday, March 20, 1942
FEDERAL REGISTER VOLUME 7 1 9 3 4 ^ NUMBER 55 * & N I T £ 0 % Washington, Friday, March 20, 1942 The President the public interest in the private employ CONTENTS ment of such persons. (c) Secure the cooperation, assistance, THE PRESIDENT or services of any governmental agency. EXECUTIVE ORDER 9102 Executive Orders: Pag® (d) Prescribe regulations necessary or Arizona, public land with Establishing the War R elocation Au desirable to promote effective execution drawal for use of War De thority in the Executive Office of of such program, and, as a means of partment as aerial gunnery the P resident and D efining I ts F unc coordinating evacuation and relocation range___________________ 2166 tions and D uties activities, consult with the Secretary of Federal statistical information, War with respect to regulations issued By virtue of the authority vested in me uniform control of publica and measures taken by him. tion and use_____________ 2166 by the Constitution and statutes of the (e) Make such delegations of author United States, as President of the United ity as he may deem necessary. War Relocation Authority, es States and Commander in Chief of the (f) Employ necessary personnel* and tablishment--------------------- 2165 Army and Navy, and in order to provide make such expenditures, including the RULES, REGULATIONS, for the removal from designated areas of making of loans and grants and the pur ORDERS persons whose removal is necessary in chase of real property, as may be neces Title 10—Army: War D epartment: the interests of national security, it is sary, within the limits of such funds as ordered as follows: Prescribed service uniform; Dis may be made available to the Authority.