qL AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE VOL. 19, NO. 3 JOURNAL MARCH, 1942

*» SUPER Performance for the SUPER Cruiser

Lycoming leadership in building engines for Free literature on request for SO to 175 h.p. hori¬ zontally opposed or 220 to 300 h.p. radial engines. America’s training planes is important to Write Dept. J32. Specify which literature desired. civilian as well as military aviation. In the Piper Super Cruiser the 100 h.p. Lycoming horizontally opposed engine provides depend¬ able performance for pilot training, instru¬ ment instruction and Civil Air Patrol flying. CONTENTS

MARCH, 1942

Cover Picture: Conning Tower of a Dutch Warship in the Pacific Ocean. (See page 173)

The Netherlands East Indies at War By Dr. H. van Houten 125 A good neighbour... Rio Conference of Foreign Ministers—Photos.... 130

Selected Questions from the Third General For¬ and a good mixer! eign Service Examination of 1941 131

Townsend Harris Helped Open to Trade.. 135

The Air Training Plan of the British Common¬ Si senor! For BACARDI is not only an wealth outstanding example of Pan-American By an Officer of the R.C.A.F 136 solidarity in the realm of good taste, Mural Paintings at the Mexican Embassy in but the most congenial and versatile Washington—Photos 140 of all the great liquors of the world. Editors’ Column Amendment of Civil Service Retirement Act 142 It mixes readily and superbly with all fine ingredients, from the sparkling News from the Department By Jane Wilson 143 simplicity of a highball to the compli¬

Organization of the Department of State 145 cated art of a Coronation Cocktail...

News from the Field 146 And it gives a new thrill to the old

The Bookshelf drinks with its unique, delectable Francis C. de Wolf, Review Editor 148 flavour. —

Diamond Cut Diamond __reCt when By Arthur Garrets 150 Y0U0re0lW BTcARD' u Uncle Sam’s Trouble Shooters y° “ auesfs are olw°ys a d y By Frances Russell 152 fettered" °d BACARDIB reputation has en¬

oyed he h 9 Foreign Service Changes 154 i ' ,h(h : mas. exacting omong , bolh Con- connoisseur e quarters Service Glimpses 155 *inen,sfo::;er *°i,s Promotions 156 °f ^"Lugue," and i*.

Oliver Bishop Harriman Foreign Service rooth. exquisite quoh'/ Scholarship 165 I__I *o facility® We will he g iocality not In Memoriam 176 - Visitors 179 dealers.

COMPANIA "RON BACARDI," S. A. Issued monthly by the American Foreign Service Association. Department of State, Washington, D. C. Entered as second-class Santiago de matter at the Post Office in Washington, D. 0., under the act of , 1879. Schenley Import Corp., N. Y. Copr. 1941

MARCH, 1942 121 The Liberty Fleet standardized for fast production adopts standard Radio Unit by

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New Idea in Marine Radio Design Speeds Installation . . . Saves Space

Off the ways ... and on the way, compact marine radio telegraph go America’s Liberty Ships . . . unit supplies all needed com¬ miie after mile of new cargo munications facilities. vessels, stretching off endlessly This all-in-one radio unit makes down the ocean roadway toward it possible to do at the factory America's allies and united vic¬ practically all wiring and other tory. And this vast Armada of work usually done aboard ship. Liberty's Arsenal is a credit to Installed in one-fifth the time the shipbuilders’ craft. normally required — practically Every cubic foot has been made ready to tune in and plug in—it The compact, all-in-one radio to account for itself against the was designed and manufactured unit designed and manufac¬ tured for the Maritime Com¬ grim demand for precious cargo for the first 312 Liberty Ships mission by I. T. &T. 's subsidi¬ space. For example, in the radio by I. T. & T.’s subsidiary, The ary, The Federal Telegraph room, not eight or ten, but one Federal Telegraph Company. Company.

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122 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL INDEX FOR ADVERTISERS * —★ American Export Lines — 163 American Tobacco Co. — 159 American Security and Trust Company.— 153 Cttiled Aviation Corporation, The II COVER Bacardi, Santiago de Cuba 121 to the Colors! Beverly Hills Hotel 173 Breewood, Engravers 179 Calvert School 178 AMERICA’S three greatest liners, the Chase National Bank 176 . Washington, Manhattan and America, Clark, Horace F., & Son 178 are now serving their country as Navy auxiliaries. Federal Storage Company — 169 Fessenden School, The — 175 Before being called to the Colors, these General Motors Overseas Operations 172 three American flag liners were the largest, Grace Line 180 fastest and most luxurious passenger ships ever built in this country. Glide’s 179 International Telephone & Telegraph Co 122 When our Government called its nationals Latin American Institute 178 home from danger zones in Europe and Mayflower Hotel 177 the Orient, thousands of Americans re¬ turned to the United States aboard these Moore-McCormack Lines 171 ships. National City Bank 160 National Geographic Magazine 158 Every American should rejoice in the Pacific Fisheries, Assn, of 175 vision of the Maritime Commission and the United States Lines in sponsoring the Pan American Airways, Inc - — 166 great shipbuilding program that made pos¬ KCA Manufacturing Co., Inc. - — 124 sible the building of these three great liners. Schenley Products — 162 They served our country ably in peace, and Security Storage Company of Washington 153 will do their part in the war. Socony-Vaciium Oil Co., Inc. — — 161 Until such time as these ships can return to St. Moritz, The III COVER peace-time occupations, their less glamor¬ Texaco Petroleum Products — 170 ous sisters, the many sturdy freighters of Tyner, Miss E. J 179 the United States Lines, will continue to Underwood Elliott Fisher Company 164 ply the seven seas, and do their part in helping to win the war. United Fruit Company 173 United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company— 175 United States Lines 123 UNITED STATES LINES Walcott-Taylor Co., Inc 179 ONE BROADWAY, NEW YORK Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV COVER Westinghouse Electric International Company __ 167 ★ ★ R. C. Williams & Co., Inc. 168

MARCH, 1942 123 o . o

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124 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL THE

FOREIGN JOURNAL d3 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION m

VOL. 19, No. 3 WASHINGTON, D. C. MARCH, 1942

The AJetlierlanils East Indies at War

By DR. H. R. VAN HOUTEN, First Secretary, Royal Netherlands Legation, Washington

A WELL known Dutch author of the 19th century different languages. Of these islands, , though once called the Netherlands East Indies a beau¬ not the largest is the most important with a popula¬ tiful necklace of emeralds wound round the Equator. tion of over forty million inhabitants. Java with Indeed the three thousand islands of this fantastical¬ 821 persons to the square mile is one of the most ly wealthy empire can be compared with emeralds. densely populated areas on the globe. Java is the Natural wealth and the inborn happiness of their heart of the Indies and the center of the Dutch ad¬ unpretentious inhabitants, coupled with more than ministration. Its large cities are Batavia, the seat three centuries of excellent colonial administration, of the Government (population 500,000) ; Soura- have made this part of the Kingdom of the Nether¬ baya, the greatest naval base of the East Indies lands one of the most delightful regions of the en¬ (population 500,000) and Bandoeng, where the tire world. headquarters of the Army are established. Java is The Netherlands East Indies form the bridge be¬ a highly cultivated island where, notwithstanding tween the Asiatic and Australian continents. With the tropical surroundings, living conditions are good the exception of the northern part of and for Europeans. Java, for instance, has more than the eastern parts of Timor and New-Guinea the en¬ 13,000 miles of hard surface highways. Railroad tire territory is part of the Kingdom of the Nether¬ tracks amount to more than 3,000 miles between lands. Since the Dutch constitution was changed Batavia and Sourabaya and air-conditioned trains in 1922, the East Indies are no more a colony but run at a speed of more than 65 miles per hour. an actual part of the Netherlands just as Hawaii is Numerous vacation resorts are in the mountains, a part of the United States. Therefore it was of where Europeans can recover in excellent hotels paramount importance that Her Majesty the Queen from the strenuous life on the tropical plains. Air- and the complete cabinet should move to England in traffic has opened vast regions formerly inaccessible order to be able to continue to rule the Overseas because of many miles of water and trackless jungle. parts of the country as an active ally with all the Nowadays, practically all major settlements are in¬ strength of trusted leadership. terconnected by air. Last year the Royal Nether¬ This entire empire is so vast that if its utmost lands East Indian Airways Company flew nearly western part should be placed in San Francisco the 2,000,000 miles. Thanks to the development of the utmost eastern part would reach as far as Bermuda. civil airlines, the East Indies have at their disposal The land surface is about one quarter of the United an excellent corps of experienced pilots, available States. Its more than seventy million inhabitants now for military planes. belong to many races and speak no less than 250 Next to Java in importance is Sumatra. The

MARCH, 1942 125 Loft: “Dutch bulbs” being sown in Southern Pacific waters by units of the Royal Netherlands Navy there.

Right: A squadron of American-made Ryan trainer planes and their pilots of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Air¬ force at one of the Indies airdromes.

capital is Medan, which also is the tobacco center break of the European war and even more so after of the East Indies. Sumatra is larger than Java, but the invasion of Holland, the American share in the not yet quite so highly cultivated nor so densely Indies trade has assumed increasing stature. It is populated. A splendid highway connects the south¬ quite natural that since the European market for ern most tip with the north coast, a distance of 1,- Indian products disappeared, the American share 600 miles. Sumatra’s importance is based mainly has become much larger. In 1939, the Netherlands on tobacco, oil and rubber. East Indies exported 146,9 million guilders worth The economic importance of the East Indies has of goods to the United States (guilder is 55 dollar increased in the past years because these islands cents). In 1940 this figure had nearly doubled and are producers of many indispensable war materials. amounted to 290,9 million guilders. The share of They produce 95% of the world’s requirement of the United States total exports of the Netherlands quinine, 79% kapok, 85%) pepper, 35% rubber, East Indies has increased from 20% in 1939 to 33% 30% copra, 20% tea, 12% sugar, and 18% tin. in 1940. In 1940 the shipment of rubber to the As to rubber and tin, both essential war materials, United States represented 61% of the islands’ en¬ it should be borne in mind that South East Asia tire rubber export. For tin this figure is 64% , for produces 90% of the world’s supply of rubber and manganese ore 67%, palm oil 60%, tapioca 59% , 65%) of its tin. As Indo China and the Malayan sisal 72%, kapok 40%, pepper 38% and for cin¬ States as well as are now completely under chona bark, the base for the production of quinine, Japanese dominance, the rubber and tin production 32%. In 1940 the Netherlands Indies supplied 35% of the Netherlands East Indies has enormously in¬ of the United States’ requirement of rubber. The creased in importance. Besides this, manganese and importance of rubber appears from the fact that phosphates are found in Java, gold and silver in the Netherlands Indies Government announced some Sumatra, Borneo and Celebes, bauxite in the Biouw time ago that all available cargo space in ships sail¬ Archipelago, off the coast of Sumatra, diamonds in ing to the United States would be primarily de¬ Borneo, coal in Borneo and Sumatra and sulphur voted to United States’ orders of rubber and tin. in Java, Sumatra and Celebes. The oil production of the East Indies is not so The United States of America is the Indies’ most great as is generally believed. The yearly output important trade partner. Especially since the out- in 1939, for example, was 7,948,000 tons. It is,

126 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL v. u r 11 s Hawk pursuit planes of the Royal however, vital because the East Indies have prac¬ Netherlands In¬ dies’ Force tically the only oil wells in the Far East. The Gov¬ during forma¬ ernment has taken all measures to insure their de¬ tion flight. struction before they might be captured by the Netherlands In¬ Japanese. It has been proved in the case of the dies’ Air arm, capture of the oil wells in Borneo (Tarakan, Balik- steadily extend¬ ing, already papan and others), that they can be destroyed and has fine lot of have been destroyed. There is no doubt that if need latest Ameri¬ be the same will be done elsewhere. The loss of the can planes. Netherlands East Indies would therefore not mean that Japan would get the greatly coveted oil, but it would mean that no more oil would be available from this source for the armed forces of the United Nations. An inspiring result of the war in the Far East is found in the loyalty of the native population. There is not the slightest doubt that all the natives are fully supporting the Allied cause. This attitude is due partly to the great dislike they have for the Japanese, especially after the war in China began. For the greater part, however, it is due to a wise colonial administration. For years it has been the general policy of the Dutch administration to give the natives complete equality with the Netherlanders resident there. The policy has been extremely suc¬ cessful, especially in Java. In the other parts of the Indies, the so called outer islands, progress has been slower because the natives have not yet attained the necessary cultural standard. Natives generally can have, and do have, high Government positions. The director of the Department of Education is a native, so is the mayor of Madioen. Many high ranking Photos courtesy Netherlands officers in the Netherlands Indian army are natives. Information The Javanese upperclass quite often send their sons Bureau to Universities in the Netherlands. So do several of the reigning native families. It has been the aim of the Netherlands administrations to supervise and to improve living conditions of the natives, but not to mix in their affairs. The Indies are ruled by the Governor General, appointed by the Queen. He is assisted by the Council of , consisting of 7 members, of whom 2 are at present natives. As early as 1905 Town Councils were established. Since 1918 there has been a representative body called the Peoples Council, with 60 members—30 natives, 25 Netherlanders and 5 Chinese and Arabs. This council, although originally meant as an advisory board, is gradually evolving towards a sort of Parliament. Although the production capacity of war equip¬ ment of the Netherlands East Indies is limited and Marine of the after the German invasion of the Netherlands had Royal Nether¬ lands Navy- severed the ties with the mother country no more units in Far equipment could be obtained from there, the East Eastern waters Indies had made the utmost efforts to increase their during recent defenses. The Indies took immediate action on May maneuvers.

10, 1940, to prevent German sabotage. Within one essential raw material. Spell “raw” backwards! hour after the codeword “Berlin”—a pre-arranged The firmness of Dr. van Mook prevented the Japa¬ signal that the Germans had invaded Holland—had nese from attaining any of these aims. been received in Batavia, German nationals all over Mr. Kobayashi was replaced by Mr. Yoshizawa, the Indies, as well as some Dutch Nazis were ar¬ whose task it was to keep the negotiations going for rested and placed in internment camps. more time. In they broke down. The It was unmistakable from the beginning that Japanese mission left the East Indies to the great Japan would try to seize what they decided to call delight of the East Indian authorities, who had “orphaned islands.” Some “orphan!” to paraphrase looked with much more than suspicion on the many Mr. Churchill’s famous remark. The Japanese threat military members of the mission who professed to had been expected for many years. The Netherlands be concerned with economic interest by visiting har¬ Government saw clearly that any concessions to bors, air fields and other points of military import¬ Japan would be taken as a sign of weakness and ance. would aggravate instead of improve the situation. In the mean time rearmament was progressing, In the Indies, Japan’s talk of “co-prosperity” or limited, however, by the restricted amount of ma¬ “Asia for the Asiatic peoples” was a sufficient warn¬ terial which could be obtained. For various reasons ing. Shortly after the German invasion, the Japa¬ only a limited quantity of the so needed purchased nese Government informed Batavia that it desired and paid for airplanes, tanks, guns, ammunition to open negotiations on economic cooperation. Ja¬ and other war materials could be delivered to the pan tried to ignore the Netherlands Government in Indies. London and to deal directly with the East Indies. It was in the line of the Japanese “orphan policy” Since November 28, 1941 the fleet and airforce to pretend that the Kingdom of the Netherlands no were under orders to be on the alert because a longer existed. The East Indian authorities, how¬ Japanese attack could be expected at any time. Full mobilization was ordered on December 2nd. After ever, made it very plain to Japan that the negotia¬ tions had to be opened with the Royal Netherlands the and American and Brit¬ Government and that only after it had given the ish possessions in the Far East, the Netherlands green light talks in Batavia would be possible. Government immediately declared war on Japan, although the Netherlands Indies territory had not Japan seeing that it was getting nowhere had to yet been attacked. The Netherlands Government, agree and sent in August, 1940, a mission under Mr. however, believed it better to take the initiative and Kobayashi, Minister of Economic Affairs. The mis¬ to give at once its full support to the United States sion presented far-reaching demands. These de¬ and Great Britain. A few days later, four Japanese mands, though of an economic nature, were not troop transport ships with 4,000 fully equipped without danger from a military point of view. The men were sunk by a Netherlands submarine. From Netherlands delegation under Dr. H. J. van Mook, that moment on Army, Navy and Airforce have been at that time director of the East Indies department extremely active. From December 7th till early of Economic Affairs, took a firm stand from the February the score of the Dutch forces in the Far outset and refused to discuss any demands beyond East has averaged one Japanese ship a day. the scope of a normal treaty of commerce. The Japanese mission had no definite program, except According to the 1940 edition of Jane’s Fighting for the increase of oil shipments to Japan. It was ships. The Netherlands Fleet consisted of 5 cruisers, the point of view of the Netherlands delegation that 9 destroyers, 24 submarines, 9 minelayers, 16 mine¬ these negotiations should be taken up directly with sweepers and 5 gunboats. Only a small part of this the private oil companies concerned. As a matter fleet was lost during the fight in Holland, where the of fact a limited agreement with the oil companies heroic deeds of the crews of these ships which sailed was reached in December, 1940. The confidential up the big rivers under heavy enemy fire wall for instructions to Mr. Kobayashi actually were: 1st.— always live in Dutch naval history. The chief naval To reassure the Netherlands East Indies in order base is Sourabaya with the now unhappily enemy to slow down as far as possible the pace of their occupied base at Amboina as a second in import¬ rearmament and restrain them from taking the ance. The number of planes in the airforce is a necessary steps for eventual destruction of the oil military secret. Airforce operations are facilitated fields. 2nd.—To try to induce the East Indies to because a great number of airfields exist all over the renounce their close collaboration with Great Indies, even in the jungles of Borneo. The Nether¬ Britain and the United States and to accept a sort lands East Indies army is estimated at more than of cooperation with the “New Order” in East Asia. 100,000 men with both European and native officers. 3rd.—To demand shipments of great quantities of (Continued on page 177)

MARCH, 1942 129 RIO CONFERENCE OF FOREIGN MINISTERS

II. E. President Getulio Vargas opens Ine Inaugural Meeting.

View ol the floor of the Palacio Tiradentes and delegates and persons attending the In¬ augural and First Plenary Meetings.

(Photographs courtesy of Philip P Williams )

Mr. Sumner Welles signs the Final Act for the United States.

mrn

The 21 Foreign Ministers or their represen tatives. Selected Questions from the Third General Foreign Service Ivva mi nation off UI41

(Continued from the January, 1942, issue of the JOURNAL) THE twentieth written examination for the Foreign Service was held on September 8-11. The answers to the selected questions are given on page 178. TYPE C 79. prescient. 90. supervene. 80. prolegomena. 91. suspire. In each case, select the word or phrase in the 81. purblind. 92. suzerainty. right-hand column which defines or most nearly ap¬ 82. querulous. 93. theocracy. proximates the meaning of the words in the num¬ 83. quondam. 94. tumid. bered list. Place a plus sign (-f-) in the parentheses 84. ratiocination. 95. valetudinarian. opposite the word or phrase selected. In this ques¬ 85. recrudescence. 96. vaticination. tion, a correct response counts —J—1, an incorrect re¬ 86. scarify. 97. velleity. sponse —y2; arid an omitted response 0. 87. splenetic. 98. viable. 1. adumbrate. 40. fatuous. 88. stridulous. 99. vitiate. 2. ambiance. 41. feral. 89. supererogate. 100. xebec. 3. ambivalent. 42. fictitious. 4. anagoge. 43. fractious. to silence ( ) 5. antinomian. 44. fulsome. to stupefy ( ) 6. aphorism. 45. gamut. to foreshadow ( ) 7. arrogate. 46. geoponic. to expostulate ( ) 8. astringent. 47. gustatory. environment ( ) 9. bombazine. 48. hierophant. equality ( ) 10. cadastral. 49. hortatory. descent ( ) 11. cicerone. 50. illusory. duality ( ) 12. coeval. 51. ingenuous. equally attractive ( ) 13. concatenation. 52. jeremiad. valuable for two reasons ( ) 14. concomitant. 53. jihad. opening in two directions ( ) 15. deprecate. 54. libertarian. simultaneously attractive and repulsive ( ) 16. desuetude. 55. machinate. commentary on sacred texts ( ) 17. detergent. 56. magus. heretical theological doctrine ( ) 18. didactic. 57. maunder. elevation of mind to things celestial ( ) 19. dilatory. 58. mendicancy. result of metaphysical contemplation ( ) 20. dislimn. 59. minatory. opposed to the doctrine that the moral law is 21. discerptible. 60. mordacious. obligatory ( ) 22. divagation. 61. nadir. objecting to the use of images in worship( ) 23. doctrinaire. 62. nonage. contrary to the tenets of orthodox theology— ( ) 24. ecology. 63. noxious. averse to the use of sacred names ( ) 25. ectogenesis. 64. nuncupative. figure of speech ( 1 26. epicene. 65. obdurate. classic allusion ( ) 27. epideictic. 66. onerous. sententious saying ( ) 28. epitonic. 67. palimsest. summarized argument ( 1 29. erubscent. 68. panegyric. to assume presumptiously ( ) 30. ethos. 69. panta^ruelian. to exclude arbitrarily ( ) 31. etiolated. 70. paraclete. to liberate ( ) 32. euphemism. 71. paradox. to enclose ( ) 33. euphuism. 72. paragnosia. austere ( ) 34. exacerbate. 73. paralepsis. stellar ( ) 35. excision. 74. pedantic. binding ( ) 36. fabulist. 75. perspicuous. hitter . ( 1 37. facetious. 76. phanariot. woven fabric ( ) 38. factious. "7. plangent. medieval weapons ( ) 39. factitious. 78. presage. sailing vessel ( )

MARCH, 1942 131 explosive liquid ( ) study of marine animals ( ) pertaining to landed property ( ) study of political origins ( ) pertaining to falling stars ( ) genetic relations among languages ( ) pertaining to complete destruction ( ) relations between an organism and its en¬ pertaining to the reincarnation of a spirit - ( ) vironment ( ) elegant writer ( ) multiplicity of origins ( ) Winged insect ( ) arrangement in categories ( ) guide 1 ) reincarnation of a spirit ( ) orator ( ) development outside the body ( ) destructive ( ) characterized by obscenity ( ) contemporary ( ) pertaining to the exact center . ( ) of equal value ( ) filled with classical illusions ( ) at similar level - ( ) common to both sexes ( ) act of uniting in a series 1 ( ) adapted to display ( ) sound indefinitely repeated ( ) illustrating by analogy ( ) inescapable logical conclusion ( ) appropriate to a deity ( ) train of events ending in disaster ( ) characterized by religious fervor ( ) moving in unison ( ) exhilarating ( ) keeping in time ( ) overstrained — ( ) accompanying ( ) excessively potent ( ) adjacent ( ) tending to depress 1 ( ) to undervalue ( ) irregularly crescent shaped r. ( ) to force down , I ) pertaining to early dawn ( ) to denounce with curses _ ( ) reddish ( ) to express disapproval of ( ) erased ^ , ( ) act of destruction ( ) code of morals ( ) state of disuse _ ( ) interstellar space ( ) cessation of interest ( ) character of a people ^ ( ) condition of servitude ( ) high-principled conduct ( ) hindrance ( ) starred ( ) discouragement ( ) bleached ( ) decisive factor _ ( ) wrinkled ( ) cleansing agent ( ) spread out ( ) excessively precise ( ) correct pronunciation ( ) conveying instruction ( ) excessive elegance of language ( ) threatening punishment ( ) substitution of a pleasant expression for a monotonously repetitious • ( ) diagreeable one ( ) delaying ( ) commonplace thought clothed in eloquent swollen ( ) language ~ ( ) luscious ( ) correct pronunciation ( ) expansive ( ) commonplace thought clothed in eloquent to efface ( ) language ( ) to fatten ( ) substitution of a pleasant expression for a to discharge ( 1 disagreeable one _ : ( ) to dismember ( ) excessive elegance of language ( ) visible ( ) to cut up ( ) divisible ( ) to harden ( ) contemptible —_ ( ) to throw out ( ) imperceptible ( 1 to irritate ( ) false testimony ( ) extirpation ( ) positive proof ( ) extrication ( ) illustration __ ( ) explicit decision ( 1 digression ( ) superficial examination f ) devoted to an idealistic program ( ) fictional character ( ) adhering to an unalterable theory ( ) mythical hero .... ( ) untested by experience —. ( ) dupe ( ) based upon tradition ( ) liar ( )

132 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL counterfeit ( ) candid --- ( ) artificial ( ) skillful 1 ( > reflecting . ( ) unprincipled 1 ) jocose ( ) dolorous tirade ( ) seditious ( t insulting remark ( ) accurate ( ) farewell address ( ) ) violent philippic ( ) divisible •< ( 1 1 undisciplined ( j religious massacre artificial ( ) fanatical soldier — ( ) seditious ( ) light cavalry ( ) accurate ( j holy war ( ) unruly ( ) enfranchiser of slaves ( ) stupid —- ( ) one given to licentious conduct ( 1 greasy ( ) upholder of the principles of liberty ( ) overgrown ( ) one broadly educated in the arts and sciences ( 1 obsequious ( ) to set in motion ( ) productive ( ) to mechanize ( 1 timid — ( ) to organize ( ) stern ( ) to scheme : ( ) wild ( j magician ( ) seditious ( ) hermit ( ) counterfeit ( 1 prince ( ) unruly 1 ) giant ( 1 novel ( ) to travel extensively l I artificial ( ) to speak incessantly ( > divisible ( ) to beg persistently ( ) unruly 1 ) to move languidly ( ) jocose i ( ) repair 1 ( 1 indulgent 1 ) perjury 1 ) disgusting ( ) beggary ( ) pleasing ( ) insolvency ( 1 luscious ( ) menacing 1 ) ) warning ( ) musical instrument ( 1 small monkey ( ) diminishing • ) wealth-producing ( 1 filter ( ) deadly f ) pertaining to terrestrial magnetism ( ) caustic ( 1 resisting the force of gravity ( ) intrepid ( ) relating to map-making — ( ) impetuous ( ) pertaining to agriculture __ ( ) complete destruction f 1 pertaining to an unpleasant odor ( ) oriental perfume ( ) pertaining tc the sense of taste —. ( ) mythical hero ( ) pertaining to intermittent wind ( ) lowest point f ) pertaining to energetic enjoyment ( ) agelessness ( ) written character ( I immaturity f 1 stone image ( 1 incompleteness ( ) flatterer ( ) extreme old age ( 1 priest ( ) medicinal ( ) pertaining to gardening f ) poisonous ( ) tending to conservation ( ) malodorous ( ) pertaining to bombastic oratory ( ) pernicious ( ) characterized by exhortation ( ) pertaining to temporary employment ( ) appearing briefly ( ) at the moment ( ) tending to deceive. ( 1 negative ( 1 scarcely visible f ) oral . ( 1 contrary to fact ( ) unyielding ( ) ignoble ( ) disgusting ( )

MARCH, 1942 133 difficult to bear ( ) punctual ( ) excessively prolonged ( ) tentative diagnosis ( ) heavily laden ( ) preliminary remarks ( ) burdensome ( ) opening of a drama ( ) ill-tempered ( ) incipient anemia ( ) obnoxious ( ) characterized by obtuseness ( > carved in stone ( ) tending to shut out light ...... ( > undecipherable ( ) unwilling to face reality ( ) rewritten ( ) intentionally ignorant ( > ancient ( ) constantly trembling ( ) encomium ( ) habitually complaining ( > generality ( ) excessively quarrelsome ( ) lyric drama ( ) persistently questioning ( t inclusive view ( ) former ( ) omniverous ( ) relative ( > parboiled ( ) putative : ( > softened ( ) indefinite ( ) gigantic . ( ) correct conclusion _ ( ) parabolic orbit ( ) fixed relation ( ) shooting star ( ) reasoning ( > disciple ( ) comparison ( ) advocate ( ) reduction to constituent parts ( > false doctrine ( ) slight obscenity __ _ ( ) illogical conclusion ( ) illumination ( ) illustrative example ( ) revival x ( ) self-contradictory statement ( ) to lacerate ( > form of insanity ( ) to intimidate ( I false perception ( ) to confuse ( > practical knowledge ( ) to burn ( ) state of perfection ( ) majestic j ----- ( > interruption of a logical argument .. ( ) expensive ( , incipient loss of power of speech f ) glamorous ( ; a passing over with brief mention ( ) melancholy ( f digression from a principal theme ( ) emaciated ( , ostentatiously learned ( ) streaked lacking in inspiration ( ) shrill ( , unnecessarily repetitious ( ) rapid _ ( , excessively deliberate in decision ( ) to rise above misfortune.. ( - attracting public attention ____ — ( ) to ask questions to excess ( ; capable of being clearly understood ( ) to ask more than can be given ( , acutely intelligent . __ ( ) to do more than is required by duty ...... ( , almost invisible ( ) to follow closely in time - — ( ) Greek of Istanbul ( ) to overcome gradually ( , Turkish tax gatherer f ) to come from above ( ) depressed Hindu caste ( ) to cover completely ( ) heir to the throne of ( ) to strive ambitiously ----- ( ) tending to flatten out ( ) to sweat profusely ( )' pertaining to orderly arrangement ( 1 to sigh ( ) Indulging in excessive luxury ( ) to die — ( ) sounding with deep reverberation f ) feudal obligation ( ) to foreordain ( ) sovereignty in abeyance ( ) to make wise __i ( ) supreme power lodged in an individual ( ) to prophesy *— ( ) authority of a state exercising control over to portend ( ) another state . i ( ) endowed with foresight ( ) government by the rich ( ) tending toward definite knowledge ( ) government by priests ( ) superstitious — : ( ) (Continued on page 178)

134 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Townsend Harris Helped Open Japan to Trade City College Founder Shares Credit with Perry for Fostering U. S. Interests From ihe New York Herald Tribune, December 28, 1941 WHILE the war with Japan has caused many went to in it by way of Cape Horn. observers to recall the services of Commo¬ From the Golden Gate he proceeded on cruises dore Matthew C. Perry in “opening” that coun¬ in the Pacific, visiting China, Siam and India. try to the Western World in 1853 and 1854, His commercial venture was a failure, but he practically equal credit for that accomplishment gained an insight into the ways of the Orient is due to Townsend Harris, shrewd merchant and which later served him well. diplomat, educator, and founder of the College He was in Shanghai when he heard that Com¬ of the City of New York. modore Perry was on his way to Japan to at¬ Constantly told by his mother to “Tell the truth, tempt to establish friendly relations between the fear God and hate the British,” Harris not only United States and that country. Harris tried to obtained special concessions for the United States join the expedition, but without success. from Japan in competition with British, French Perry, with four warships, reached Japan in and other diplomats, but caused John Alfred Long¬ 1853, broached the matter of commercial inter¬ ford, a British historian, to write of him, “His course, and the next year returned with a larger services as an international diplomat have not fleet and concluded a preliminary trade treaty been exceeded by any other in the entire world.” with the Japanese. Though he did much for public education, Har¬ Harris had been appointed American Consul ris had little formal schooling in his own youth. at Ningpo, China, in 1854. He left that post for Born in 1803, he started work at the age of thir¬ a few months and returned to this country, where teen as a clerk in a importing he so impressed the authorities at Washington house. He advanced rapidly, and before he was by his vision of the future of the Oriental trade, forty had money and leisure enough to permit that he was appointed the first American Consul to him to take an active part in public affairs. Japan and later was also designated Resident Min¬ He supplemented his meager knowledge by read¬ ister. He had quarters at Shimoda, near Yoko¬ ing and study and became a master of the French, hama, where his government just about forgot Spanish and Italian languages and later of Oriental him and left him to his own devices. tongues. There he addressed himself to the difficult task Elected to the New York City Board of Edu¬ of winning the confidence of the Japanese. The cation in 1846 as a Democrat, Harris soon was nation was then under the rule of the Shoguns, chosen president of that body and served in that who favored a feudalistic society. Harris realized office two years. the domestic handicaps of the “Land of the Ris¬ On completing his term with the board, he led ing Sun.” Getting down to business with such a the campaign which resulted in the founding of country was not easy. City College, known originally as the “Free Acad¬ After the coming of Commodore Perry repre¬ emy.” The project was opposed by Columbia and sentatives of other European nations sought to New York Universities and several private col¬ build up trade arrangements with the Japanese, leges. It was specially opposed by persons who did especially Great Britain and France. Harris won not believe in the “higher education of the Japanese favor for the United States by warning masses.” The movement won, however, and Har¬ the Japanese against the greed of all other lands ris was regarded as the “creator” of C. C. N. Y., except the United States. There was a brusque and of which Townsend High School is a preparatory rugged air of honesty about him which proved branch. a winning card in his game of negotiations. A combination of circumstances turned his life Part of it was a waiting game, but even when into the channel of international affairs. He was a fanatic assassinated his secretary-interpreter, a bachelor and lived with his mother, to whom Harris did not give up. He made frequent trips he was greatly devoted. On her death he felt lost to Yeddo, now Tokyo, and in 1858 and again in for a few months until a brother upbraided him 1859 he put through detailed commercial treaties for inattention to his business. covering many points from which long-continued A quarrel resulted, and Townsend sold out his peaceful relations between Japan and this coun¬ share of the business, bought a trading vessel and try were developed.

MARCH, 1942 135 Tlie Aia* Training Plan of the ■British tom in on wea 11 h

BY AN OFFICER OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN AIR FORCE

AVIATION history provides no parallel to Can- ing had provided as big a task as Canada had ever L ada’s “over-night” achievement in building known. Furthermore, it was a job that had to be one of the world’s greatest forces of flying man¬ done in haste and with no precedent to guide the power for the defense of freedom and the Empire. course. With a personnel of a mere 4,500 at the outbreak But the digging and the building went ahead as of war in 1939, the Royal Canadian Air Force has did the training of instructors and frantic ordering grown to more than 100,000 at home and overseas. of equipment. And as the R.C.A.F. mushroomed it formed the Much of the work of location of airdromes and foundation of a still greater aeronautical enterprise fields was assumed by the Civil Aviation Branch of ■—the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan— the Canadian Department of Transport. That branch the vast scheme to teach the youth of the Empire had already had considerable experience and knew, to do battle in the air. moreover, where it might be able to use flying fields The Royal Canadian Air Force has a triple task. after the war. So in this way the British Common¬ It trains an Empire’s airmen, it helps fight an Em¬ wealth Air Training Plan became, not only prepara¬ pire’s war and it must guard the coasts of this tion for immediate war, but a plan for future peace. Dominion. It was in April, 1940, that the first class of the The breath-taking succession of more recent B.C.A.T.P. commenced training at the Initial Train¬ events has dimmed the memory of those early days ing School in Toronto. of the war when the proposal to train Empire airmen At about the same time, or a little earlier, the in Canada was merely an idea and a basis for nego¬ R.C.A.F. sent overseas three squadrons of airmen— tiation. Some Canadians remember that they may one fighter squadron and two army-cooperation have been more or less impatient with what they squadrons—as a “token” force but these were made considered the fumbling approach to a gigantic up of R.C.A.F. trained men and had no connection problem. with the Empire Plan. Now, they realize that the accomplishments are Therefore, when the Nazi hordes burst the dam the direct result of the broad vision and careful and overran Denmark and Norway and then the planning of those representatives of the United Low Countries and France; and when Britain’s hour Kingdom, , New Zealand and Canada, who of peril seemed nearest, it was natural that in Can¬ conferred in Ottawa in the autumn and early win¬ ada there should be a great outcry. Many uttered ter of 1939. that nervously indignant, “Why doesn’t somebody It was not until late in the day of December 16th, do something?” And at that time there was little 1939, that final details were polished and the ap¬ in the B.C.A.T.P. to satisfy them. It could soothe proval of the four participating nations of the Com¬ them little to announce that the first Elementary Fly¬ monwealth was indicated with the formal signing ing Training School was to be opened late in June. of an agreement. It was Saturday when that blue¬ And it only roused their ire to learn in May and print for a vast undertaking was handed to the June of 1940 that the Plan was scheduled to achieve Royal Canadian Air Force. Work started on the full operation in April, 1942. To them, then, “April, Sunday and the B.C.A.T.P. has not known a full 1942” seemed like the end of the world. day’s holiday since. This is the crisis which faced the Canadian Gov¬ Many criticisms were hurled at the administrators ernment and the R.C.A.F. We could virtually scrap of the Plan from all sides. Those who were, meta¬ the long range plan and immediately send overseas phorically, the wielders of the picks and shovels, a large force of our airmen who were serving as wanted at times to hurl them at the scoffers. Yet it instructors or administrators. If that had been done may be that criticisms served to spur their efforts. there would have been a far larger representation There were headaches and heartbreaks. And there of the R.C.A.F. in the Battle of Britain. were mistakes—no doubt of that. The problems of However, the decision was made easy when sites, construction, equipment, manning and train¬ Britain answered, in effect, that she could defend

136 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL herself for many months and that the real need was In the late summer of 1940, Canadians began to for trained airmen in the future. A thousand pilots realize that the Plan was actually taking shape. Pic¬ later were preferable to 10 at the moment. tures of lads getting their wings at Service Flying But, nevertheless, there was a real need for ac¬ Training Schools began to appear in the newspapers celeration of the Plan. The fall of France and and the story of the Plan became one simply of Britain’s consequent need, cut off part of the supply rapid progress and expansion. of training craft and, particularly, of engines, but The result was that by the end of 1940 twice as this shortage was not permitted to weaken the re¬ many aircrews had been sent overseas as had been solve to push the Plan ahead of schedule. The task intended. The total strength of the R.C.A.F. had before them was to complete all the airdromes be¬ grown from 4,500 officers and men at the beginning fore the frost of 1940 set in, and, in the winter of of the war, to 38,000 in addition to 6,000 civilians 1940-41, to complete all buildings scheduled for employed by the Plan. completion by the end of 1941. Progress was even more greatly accelerated in By a reshuffling of contracts and by securing 1941. For instance, one of the sixteen Service Fly¬ every available aircraft in the United States and ing Training School—the advanced schools—was Canada, the threatened shortage of elementary train¬ scheduled under the original plan to open on April ers never really appeared. And by good fortune 13, 1942. That school opened at Hagersville, On¬ the shortage of advanced trainers for which they tario, on August 8 of 1941. were depending on Britain, came at a time when few' The entire plan wras not scheduled to be in full of the advanced schools were operating. operation until late this Spring. But, as a matter of

American Harvard* are used lor most of the single-engined advanced training at Service Flying Train¬ ing Schools. In these, after a period of dual control instruc¬ tion, the student pi¬ lot solos and finally learns the aerobatics which may save his life in future air battles.

Royal Canadian Airforce Photos

Aircrew students in the low pressure chamber at Initial Training School are familiarizing them¬ selves with oxygen masks at simulated altitudes up to 30,- 000 feet. Students at an Ele- menlary Flying Training School run¬ ning out to the light Tiger-Moths to begin a day in the air.

R.C.A.F. students in one of the British Commonwealth A i r Training Plan Serv¬ ice Flying Training Schools learn to identify aircraft — both friend and enemy.

fact, the last school under the Plan—a Bombing squadrons, serving with the R.A.F. on every front and Gunnery School at Mont Joli, Quebec, was of the war, there are thousands of graduates of the opened last December 15. And remember, the B.C.A.T.P. And they too, are true to Canada’s great B.C.A.T.P. was only two years old last December tradition of fighting airmen. 17th. Major the Hon. C. G. Power, M.C., Minister of Today the total R.C.A.F. personnel has grown be¬ National Defense for Air, on his return from his yond 100,000. They must keep secret the number visit to Britain last summer said: “Let me say with¬ of aircrew sent overseas. But it is substantial. How out false pride or modesty that the word ‘Canada’ substantial it is can be judged to some extent by the on the shoulder of a boy in Air Force blue has be¬ stories of exploits in your daily newspapers. come a symbol throughout embattled Britain. It is Overseas there have been organized 21 R.C.A.F. a badge of courage and sacrifice which has won squadrons of the 25 which the Minister of National universal respect. Thousands of young Canadians Defense for Air has announced will be in operation serving over there with the Royal Canadian Air before long. Of these, 16 squadrons including Force form a legion of valor of which this Dominion fighters, bombers, night-fighters, coastal command can be justly proud. reconnaissance, torpedo bombers and army-cooper¬ “I watched these boys at work and at plav on ation are fully operational. And it is of these that the great R.A.F. stations in the battle line. I sat you read frequently in your daily newspapers. down and talked to them in the service clubs of the Those stories of bombing raids and fighter actions rest areas. I saw them climb into their aircraft and by R.C.A.F. squadrons add lustre to the wings of fly off to battle. I saw them return from these op¬ the R.C.A.F. But outside these purely R.C.A.F. erational flights, cold and weary. But they held

138 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL their heads high with the pride of a duty well done. weeks. After a period of groundwork he takes to Their work has been magnificent, both in the defense the air in a dual control plane such as a Fleet Finch of Britain and in the daily sweeps against the foe or de Havilland Tiger Moth. By gradual stages he across the channel and in his own backyard.” progresses to his first solo flight and by the time he This billion dollar “university of the air” includes finishes with this school he will have bad 50 hours more than 130 establishments of all kinds from of flying. Manning Depots to the Embarkation Depot where The next step in the grooming of the prospective aircrews get final preparation for overseas duty. pilot takes him to a Service Flying Training School Of the total, 93 establishments are schools—Initial where he steps into bigger and faster planes. Here Training, Elementary Flying Training, Service Fly¬ he stays for 12 weeks, first once more in a dual ing Training, Bombing and Gunnery, Air Observer control plane and then gradually advancing to solo Schools, Air Navigation Schools, Wireless Operator in the more powerful ships until he finds himself Schools, Technical Training, Radio Schools, Air doing aerobatics—those quick maneuvers in which, Armament Schools, and a score of others right down time and again have shown Canadian flyers to be to a Cooking School. This great network of schools superior to the Hun. Here he also learns advanced and aerodromes sprawls across the Dominion from navigation and to fly by instruments alone. No. 17 Elementary Flying Training School at Stan¬ And then comes the day of days. This is the ley, N. S., to No. 18 Elementary Flying Training moment of graduation when he proudly presents School at Boundary Bay, B. C. himself to have his wings pinned on his breast. All of these schools are in full operation months Next comes the Embarkation Depot where he meets ahead of schedule. his team mates, the observers and “WAGS” who Although the enterprise is a j oint one in which the have progressed through two other series of schools United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Can¬ where they have been fitted for their particular ada cooperate and the Supervisory Board includes spheres of action. representatives of each, the Plan is essentially Can¬ Then they are off for overseas, where, after a bout adian. Not only is it administered by the R.C.A.F., of operational flying training in still faster and big¬ but Canada has supplied more than 80% of the ger planes, they head in for front-line action. You manpower and is paying nearly $600,000,000 of the read every day of the rest of the story. nearly $900,000,000 which it is costing. Here is one little story—one among thousands The Plan’s purpose is to transform an eager, you have not heard, and which indicates how these enthusiastic youth into an equally eager, but coolly lads, these graduates of the “Air University” are proficient pilot, observer, or wireless air gunner. behaving. The last named are called, in Air Force jargon These three—Pilot Officer Ian Hoidas of Saska¬ “WAGS” or “Tail End Charlies.” They are equally toon; Sergeant Air Gunner W. H. Braken of Moose important. There may be an air of romance about Jaw, and Sergeant Air Gunner G. J. Kearns of a pilot with which the others have not been endowed. Halifax, were R.C.A.F. members of an R.A.F. Stir¬ But if it is romance and action you want, there is as ling Bomber crew. On a bombing raid over Ger¬ much of it out in the little “glass house” perched many they were about two miles from the target. on the tail of an aircraft as there is in the cockpit. “Then we ran into a box barrage of flak,” Ser¬ The first port of call for these youngsters, is, of geant Kearns explains in a report just received at course, the recruiting office from where, once ac¬ R.C.A.F. Headquarters, Ottawa. “It was really cepted, they move to the Manning Depot where the heavy going and the flak was mighty, mighty accu¬ transition from civilian life to Service life is accom¬ rate. We got about 20 holes in our aircraft. And plished with the accompaniment of considerable then one of our engines cut out.” much-cussed but none the less salutory preliminary Give up the job and head for home? Not these drill. lads. That is not their breed. They staggered on, The next step is the Initial Training School where found their target and dropped their load of “eggs.’ the destiny of the young recruit is generally settled. Then, and only then, Pilot Officer Hoidas, who was Here, during an eight weeks’ course in air force navigator, laid out a course for home. law, mathematics, mechanics, air armament and “It wasn’t long before we realized that it was physical training, he is subjected to intense study to going to be nip and tuck as far as petrol was con¬ determine his individual abilities. It is here that cerned because one of those pieces of flak had de¬ recruits are categorized as pilots or air observers. . veloped a nice leak for us” is the way Sergeant The thrill of the first flight comes with the next Kearns continues his story. step in the case of the pilot—the Elementary Flying Training School where he spends another eight (Continued on page 176)

MARCH, 1942 139 The first of the frescos from the ground floor upwards, represents a famous festival cele¬ brated in the City of Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, situated in the Isthmus of Tehuante¬ pec, very near the south¬ west coast on the Pacific Ocean. The feast takes place every year and is dedicated to celebrate the harvest, having as principal feature “La Tirada de las Flores” (feast of flowers). It is a great parade of peo¬ ple on horseback and in lavishly decorated ox carts. There are danc¬ ers and musicians, and girls. Women wear col¬ orful drc^sses and elab¬ orate gold necklaces, and they hold decorated arches of flowers. Horse¬ men hold standards and candles which they take to the church; the can¬ dles are delicate works of art.

The second fresco represents two scenes of the volcanoes over the valley of Anahuatl, MURAL PAINTINGS AT THE MEXICAN EMBASSY IN the Popocatepetl and the Ixtoccihuatl. In WASHINGTON, D. C., BY ROBERTO CUEVO DEL RIO front are representative types with typical costumes of this other section of Mexico, the “charro” (horseman), the woman with “re¬ bozo” (shawl) and “enahuas” (wide skirt), The decorations executed in “fresco ” start around the hall and con¬ the man with “sarape” (blanket) taking tinue up the walls of the staircase, covering nine walls following the wheat to the market to sell, the woman sell¬ course of one single fresco and finishing at the third floor of the ing “tortillas” (corn pan cakes) which are staircase. the national bread. This fresco represents the temperate zone of Mexico with the snow- covered volcanoes in the background and is painted in the soft tones characteristic of the high plateau of Mexico. In the center of the landing of the staircase is the offering of the fruits to the Spirit of the River: this representation is made by a woman offering a basket with fruits, standing be¬ sides a man and a girl dancing rythmically, executing a tropical interpretation of the place. This fresco is finished with an allegory of a village at night. The sunset is interpreted by a woman over a rainbow. This fresco is painted with the color¬ fulness that characterizes that section of Mexico. The third f resco portrays the era of progress of the country, a welcome to the new era of industrial prog¬ ress, a parade of tractors and men and women on horseback. In the back¬ ground a hydroelectric plant gives energy to a new horn prosperous city, with factories, schools, rail¬ roads; on the skies a fleet of airplanes in formation. THE AMENDMENT OF CIVIL SERVICE RETIREMENT ACT The enactment of H.R. 3487, effective , FOREIGN JOURNAL 1942, brought about an improvement in the Civil Service Retirement system which will be welcomed dte MARCH, 1912 by the officers and employees of the Foreign Service who are subject to that system. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN The provisions of the law in effect prior to the SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. enactment of the amendment can be found in Chap¬ The American Foreign Service Journal is open to subscription ter 14, Title 5, of the Federal Code, which is avail¬ in the United States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy. This publication is not official and material ap¬ able at most offices in the field. A study of its text pearing herein represents only personal opinions. will make apparent the following outstanding bene¬ Copyright, 1942, by the A merican Foreign Service Association fits of the new legislation. The reprinting of any article or portion of an article from this Officers and employees will henceforth have the publication is strictly forbidden without permission from the editors. option of retiring at the age of sixty with a mini¬ mum of thirty years of service, or at the age of sixty-two with a minimum of fifteen years of serv¬ JOURNAL STAFF ice. Voluntary retirement at the age of fifty-five is HENRY S. VILLARD, Chairman likewise authorized but only on the basis of an CHARLES W. YOST annuity having a value equal to the current worth HERBERT S. BURSLEY Editorial of a deferred annuity at the age of sixty. In no LEO D. STURGEON Board EDWARD PAGE, JR case will the total annuity paid be less than an HOMER M. BYINGTON, JR. amount equal to the average annual basic salary JANE WILSON, Managing Editor received by the employee during any five consecu¬ GEORGE V. ALLEN Business Manager WILLIAM E. DECOURCY Treasurer tive years of allowable service, at the option of the beneficiary, multiplied by the number of years of service, not exceeding 35, and divided by 70. The American Foreign Service Association While the latter provision may appear compli¬ cated, its application is simple; for example, a bene¬ The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Service of ficiary wishing to retire at the age of sixty, after the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fostering thirty-five years of service, during which his highest esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Se-vice and to establish a center around which might he grouped the united average salary for a consecutive period of five years efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. was $3,600, will be entitled to a minimum annuity of $1,800. Honorary President CORDELL HULL Secretary of State Beginning July 1, 1942, employee contributions to the retirement fund will be increased from 3Y2 Honorary Vice-President per cent to 5 per cent of basic salary. Another SUMNER W ELLES Under Secretary of State feature of the amendment is that the head of a de¬ ADOLF A. BERLE, JR. Assistant Secretary of State partment or agency of the Government may request BRECNINRIDGE LONG Assistant Secretary of State the retirement of an employee qualified to receive DEAN ACHESON Assistant Secretary of State an annuity under the provisions described above, G. HOWLAND SHAW Assistant Secretary of State if the employee is unable to perform his duties satis¬ factorily and efficiently. Such retirement, however, HERSCHEL V. JOHNSON .... President LELAND B. MORRIS _ Vice-President can he effected only with the approval of the Civil ANDREW B. FOSTER Secretary-Treasurer Service Commission, which will, upon demand, grant a hearing to the interested employee. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The new legislation will not result in providing a HOWARD BUCKNELL, Chairman higher annuity for persons whose average salaries JAMES H. KEELEY, JR., Vice-Chairman do not exceed approximately $2,400, but it will FLETCHER WARREN, GEORCE ATCHESON, JR., PAUL C. DANIELS permit them to retire at an earlier age; namely, at Alternates sixty instead of seventy. Those in salary grades RUSSELL W. BENTON, ANDREW B. FOSTER above $2,400 will be able to obtain considerably better annuities than was possible under the old law. ENTERTAINMENT COMMITTEE This will help to correct an apparent inequity which EIHVARD T. WAILES, GEORGE F. SCHERER, HERBERT P. FALES has been for many years a source of dissatisfaction to some members of the Foreign Service.

142 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL At Bad Nauheim the war. It is the intention that they be factional We have been wondering what our officials and and objective. their families are doing at Bad Nauheim to pass the Drawing on his experience as a soldier in the time while awaiting the exchange. They are by no last war and as Consul in from 1929 to means twiddling their thumbs; word comes that they 1933 and in Munich from 1937 to 1941, Mr. Bower have started a “university” and have arranged lec¬ describes the so-called New Order as he saw it in tures and recitals. There are courses in German, effect in Germany and as its German exponents Spanish and French, as well as other subjects. Louis prepare to put it into effect throughout the world. P. Lochner, who was chief of the Associated Press He shows in what manner and to what degree the Bureau in Berlin, is lecturing on the United States New Order threatens the existence of the United Constitution. States. The best preparation for attack is to know After breakfast the Americans usually have some one’s enemy. In his talks he tries to strip the New physical exercise and in the afternoon have an hour Order of misconceptions long current in the United in which they may walk along Nauheim’s fashion¬ States. It is not new -—- says Mr. Bower —- in its able street while the natives look on with curiosity. modern form it was re-born in 1870, it made a bid They are all quartered in the Hotel Jeschke which for power in 1914, and began preparations again in had been closed 1933 for another for some time. attempt at world Extensive repairs conquest. He had to be made for gives specific their accommoda¬ examples to indi¬ tion. While these cate the thorough¬ were being done ness with which t h e entire party the Germans, espe¬ slept in railway cially the youth, cars in the station. have been trained An official of the in atheism to be German Foreign \ews (from the Department killers. He men¬ Office is in charge. tions the work of A representative of Bunich’s “Geo-Pol- the Swiss Govern¬ By JANE WILSON itik” organization ment, which has and gives a de¬ charge of Ameri- scription of the c a n interests in world as it is to be Germany, also is looking out for the well-being of administered if the Axis wins. He describes our the Americans. allotted role and contrasts it with our present im¬ * e * * perfect but ethical system. Japan’s role is discussed, Considerable interest has been manifested by and the importance of Singapore made clear. He readers of the JOURNAL in an item in this column gives reasons why the Axis cannot be allowed to in the January issue regarding the assignments of win in Europe and Asia — they must be stopped various Foreign Service Officers to the War Depart¬ over there if we are to preserve our freedom. ment for lecturing at military training camps. The lectures are not primarily for morale-building MR. ROY E. B. BOWER, on being pressed for a copy purposes — morale can take care of itself. Both of one of his speeches, informed the JOURNAL that officers and men in the Army want facts, plain facts his talks vary with several basic ideas which he tries long obvious to professional students of political to put across, too many to get over in any one economy but largely unknown to the general public. speech and he goes at it differently each time, speak¬ The Secretary of State has received letters of com¬ ing extemporaneously, depending upon the make-up mendation of Mr. Bower’s speeches, as heard over of the audience, its mood, comments on previous the radio. talks, questions previously asked; all accounting for * * * * the variety of presentation. DENT R. SPAUR has been a diplomatic courier for The series of talks which are being inaugurated eleven years. During his service he has experienced by the Bureau of Public Relations of the War De¬ twenty-one air raids in France, Belgium, Germany partment, and for which a large number of army and Italy. He was en route to Lisbon to take the speakers are used as well as several civilian lectur¬ Excambion for a long looked-for home leave when ers, is on the general subject of the background of war was declared by Germany. However, he man-

MARCH, 1942 143 aged to embark in spite of the congestion of traffic held longest and loved most — that of editor of his along the way. The trip didn’t seem like leave, ac¬ morning newspaper at Raleigh, North Carolina, The cording to Mr. Spaur, but more like one of his News and the Observer. As editor he replaced his eventful courier runs. A bomber was sighted twelve son, Mr. Jonathan Daniels, who is now serving in hours out of Lisbon and its nationality unidentified. the Office of Civilian Defense in Washington. “Fortunately, it wasn’t German, or I wouldn’t be * * « * here to tell the story,” he laughed. Particular con¬ It is satisfying to hear of achievements of For¬ cern was felt as the ship had not been able to paint eign Service children. DAVID RAY THOMSON, son out her American flags, the sea being too rough for of ALFRED R. THOMSON, and winner of the FOR¬ three days for boys to be lowered on ladders over EIGN SERVICE JOURNAL scholarship for 1941-42, has the sides for this purpose. Even at that, he added, been elected a member, because of his high scholas¬ the trip wasn’t as bad as the time his sleeping car tic standing, of the Chapter of Cum Laude at the was bombed on a courier run in central Europe and Peddie School. two wheels demolished. JENNY - LYNN FRANK¬ He frankly admitted he LIN, daughter of LYNN was a little worried at INSURANCE ON SHIPMENTS OF W. FRANKLIN, Consul at that accident because he EFFECTS Niagara Falls, won the had eleven bags with Foreign Service Officers and employees must grand national prize in him at the time! Cour¬ personally pay for insurance on effects they the wardrobe design iers in Europe now trav¬ have shipped personally. The United States contest which took place el in pairs. Despatch Agent cannot insure shipments un¬ throughout the United * •» less requested to do so and arrangements are States in December. Foreign Service made for the payment of the premiums. Some * * Examinations of the large concerns ship without payment for the goods, thinking that they are pro¬ “Where can I buy a Of the 440 candidates bicycle?” is the general to take the 1941 written tected by the fact that the goods are insured query of visiting officers examinations in Septem¬ by the officer to whom they were sold and the these days. We venture ber, 13 were women. Of insurance premium paid by the officer. How¬ the suggestion that Post the 82 who passed, 0 ever, such goods are not insured unless the Reports contain data on officer or employee has requested that insur¬ were women. That’s one the suitability of the ter¬ time feminine would-be- ance be obtained and has arranged for the rain of the post for cy¬ diplomatists can’t blame payment of the premium. Even when goods cling — in these motor¬ that august body, the are shipped through official channels they are less days! not insured unless the officer or employee has Examining Board! RICHARD E. GNADE is Seventy-seven of the specifically requested that they be insured and taking one with him to successful candidates arranged for payment of the premium. In his new post at Baghdad came up for the oral case new goods are lost the officer or employee where he is assigned as examination during the must pay for them whether received or not. Vice Consul. And he first part of January. and the bicycle must Where were the other travel (not cycle) a 5? Two were at their posts abroad, 2 outside of the most circuitous route via San Francisco, the Pan¬ country and the third now employed at the F.B.I. ama Canal, and the Cape of Good Hope.

Thirty-two passed the orals. « » « * The seventy-seventh candidate up for the orals failed to appear at the scheduled day and hour. We hear many tales of ships arriving in the This seemed strange as it is understood that these States filled to passenger capacity but the Exeter, men anxiously anticipate the dreaded hour for weeks which brought back FREDERICK P. LATIMER, JR., in advance. However, his non-appearance at the the first part of December, certainly had her quota proper time was cleared up the following day when of mail load. At Bermuda there was a continuous he reported for the examination to learn that the unloading of mail from two hatches from six in the confusion was due to a typographical error on his afternoon until eight the following morning. We orders. Did that shake the usual dignified aplomb are relieved to learn that there are 800 censors there of the outer office of the Division of Foreign Service to handle incoming mail. Personnel! On this trip Mr. Latimer was privileged to witness * * * # one of those rare phenomena, a moon rainbow,

JOSEPHUS DANIELS has returned to a job he has (Continued on page 166)

144 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL

News From (he Field

, , , , , , , ;A .W.V. .W.W.V.V.V.W,V.W. .V.V. .VV.V. .VA .W.V.V.V.VA‘.VA\W.V. .WAV1

FIELD CORRESPONDENTS

ACLY, ROBERT A.—Union of South Afrit, LANCASTER, NATHANIEL, JR.—Portuguese East Africa BECK, WILLIAM H.—Bermuda LIPPINCOTT, AUBREY E.—Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, BINGHAM, HIRAM, JR.—Argentina LYON, CECIL B.—Chile BUTLER, GEORGE— LYON, SCOTT—Portugal COOPER, CHARLES A.—Japan MCGRECOR, ROBERT G., JR.—Mexico COUDRAY, ROBERT C.—Hong Kong Area MITCHELL, REGINALD P.—Haiti CRAIN, EARL T.— FISHER, DORSEY G.—Great Britain POST, RICHARD H.— FUESS, JOHN C.—Ireland SMITH, E. TALBOT—Nairobi area, Kenya FULLER, GEORGE G.—Central Canada TRIOLO, JAMES S.—Colombia KUNIHOLM, BERTEL E.—Iran WILLIAMS, PHILIP P.—

.■.V.VAV.V'

Agua Caliente, Baja Cali¬ fornia, Mexico, on Jan¬ TIJUANA, BAJA CALIFORNIA uary 20, 1942, during a conference between General de Division La- zaro Cardenas, Chief of (he Military Region of the Mexican Pacific Coast, with headquar¬ ters at Ensenada, Raja California, and Lieuten¬ ant General John L. De Witt, Commander of the Western Defense Area and of the Fourth Army of the United Stales, with headquar¬ ters at the Presidio, San Francisco, Califor¬ nia. Left to right, Vice Consul A. F. Yepis, Gen¬ eral Cardenas, Coronel Rodolfo Sanchez Ta- hoada, Governor of the Northern Territory of Baja California, Lieu¬ tenant General De Witt, Consul Gerald A. Mok- ma. Since the outbreak of war between Japan and the United States, the Tijuana Consulate has been engaged in considerable liaison work in this region be¬ tween the military and naval authorities of the United States and Official IT. S. Navy Photograph Mexico.

146 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL GUATEMALA

Staffs of the Consulate General and the Office of the Commercial At¬ tache. Left to right, first row (seated): Vice Consul McVicker, Com¬ mercial Attache Dunn, Consul General Wil¬ liamson, Vice Consul Molesworth and Vice Consul Kinirey. Second row (standing): Eco¬ nomic Analyst Green, Special Assistant Pa- gram, Clerks Bianchi, Estrada, Gardiner, Paiz, Hess and Rivera. Third row (standing): Mes¬ sengers P. Garcia, F. Garcia and Hernandez.

Courtesy Kathleen Molesworth

CIUDAD JUAREZ Safe within the Consul’s compound. Guns we have, but ammunition A cashier’s check for $37.50 was, on February 2. Running short, and also water. transmitted to the Treasurer of the United States Send us reenforcements quickly as an unconditional gift from the staff of the Con¬ Or the game is up.” The answer? sulate at Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, to¬ See outgoing correspondence, wards the Government’s total war expeditures. This Bound in other dusty volumes. amount was collected through voluntary contribu¬ Here again—Madras is writing tions of pennies and dimes by each member of the “We’ve a bad attack of cholera, staff on the basis of enemy planes and vessels Half the staff is dead or dving, downed or sunk since December 8, 1941. I myself am feeling poorlv, WILLIAM P. BLOCKER. But the visa work is pressing And the invoices exacting. BUENOS AIRES We must have assistance quicklv.” In the grim old State Department, So it goes; another volume, Tucked away in dusty volumes, Not so old nor yet so dusty Hidden in the deepest cellars Meets my eye. I scan its pages. Where the sun will never reach them, Alexandria, Egypt—’thirteen; Lie the stories of the service, Telegram, marked Secstate urgent: Stories that are still unwritten. “Tuck arrived today” signed “Perkins.” Take this solemn looking volume So began the thrilling story Turn at random. Here, a consul That unfolded in the pages Writing from the upper Yangtze As I read on—time unheeded. Calmly tells his simple story Of a night attack: “The bandits Egypt—shades of Cleopatra, For the moment have retreated; Pharaohs. Bonaparte and Nelson, All Americans reported (Continued on page 169)

MARCH, 1942 147 The Bookshelf

FRANCIS C. DE WOLF, Review Editor

MR. CHURCHILL, by Philip Guedalla. Reynal & WASHINGTON WALTZ, by Helen Lombard. Alfred A. Hitchcock, New York, 1942. 346 pp. $3. Knopf, New York, 1941. 271, vi pp. $2.50. This is an interim report, and as an interim report This book makes pretty good light reading if you it is a first rate performance. For Guedalla is never like stories about the social side of Washington’s dull and as a subject Churchill, even in the hands of diplomatic set. It’s rather better, in many ways, a dullard, could never be a bore. than other books on much the same subject which have come out in recent years. Perhaps that is Mr. Guedalla’s greatest performance is, of course, because Mrs. Lombard was a part of the set and the easy grace with which he disguises his sources had a gift of observation and an ability to write and presents an airy confection which must be the about it. Having been a part of it she didn’t have envious despair of many a doughty historical Ph.D.- to go up the back stairs to find information about er. And yet some may feel perhaps that in this dark¬ people and their doings in order to produce a book ening age of “blood, toil, tears and sweat,” Church¬ of this sort—which can’t be said about some of the ill’s portrait, in his own gorgeously sonorous and other efforts in the past to produce reading ma¬ salty periods is more appropriate to the times than terial for those who have two addresses. in the author’s brilliantly coruscated sentences. For Washington Waltz is a sort of word portrait gal¬ there is a terrible simplicity about Dark Ages, and lery of some of the better known, for one reason or Mr. Guedalla’s slightly perfumed performance seems another, diplomatic personalities who have waltzed almost anachronic. Alas that it should! across the Washington stage in the past few years It is an engaging portrait of a restless, bouncing, and many of whom are still doing their stuff even forcible, puckish figure—an Anglo-American—who though war times have put a crimp in the art of was born in Victoria’s age, flourished in the liberal lifting cocktails or the ability to keep your stomach atmosphere of the first quarter of our century and in kilter in spite of big dinners and runnng the may well reach his fullest stature in the era of the gamut of wines from Madeira to champagne. Of new freedoms (and the new duties). course it is essentially a Washington story and as It is characteristic that the chapter entitled such is of greater interest to Washingtonians or the “Jeremiad” should deal with the Churchill of be¬ two address people than it would be to folks back tween the two wars, when he was cast in the always in the old home town in Kansas. Snapshot pictures unenviable role of Cassandra. Even though his are always more interesting when you know or prophecies came only too true, neither he nor his know something about the subject matter. Reading countrymen enjoyed him in the role. For Churchill the book at one sitting gets a bit tiresome and even is essentially a War-Man, whether as a subaltern in though you don’t take it all in one dose it gets a India, a lancer with Kitchener at Khartoum,, a war bit monotonous. Individual chapters are devoted correspondent in the Transvaal (£25 was the price to the British, the Germans, the Italians, etc., but of his head when he escaped from a Boer prison), a they have all got the same background—diplomatic First Lord of the Admiralty, Minister of Munitions, Washington—and by the time you get to the end of or in command of the Sixth Royal Scots Fusiliers the book you feel a bit like the tourist who dashes during World War I, or as his country’s Deus ex through the art gallery in nothing flat and at the machina in World War II, expressing with sombre end of it has seen too many pictures, particularly if magnificence the purpose of his people: they had much the same background. All of Mrs. “We shall not fail or falter; we shall not weaken Lombard’s pictures have diplomatic Washington for or tire. Neither the sudden shock of battle, nor the the background and there are precious few varia¬ long-drawn trials of vigilance and exertion will tions in the social make-up. wear us down. Give us the tools and we will finish Nevertheless, there is much more in the book than the job.” just social stuff. For instance, her chapter “Japanese Screens” might have been read with more interest It is a stirring narrative and Guedalla’s verdict when the book came out if anyone had been able to may well be confirmed by history: project the December 7 development. That part of “For Mr. Churchill is not far from Chatham.” the book devoted to Constantin Fotitch, the Yugo¬ Only Pitt fought an Eagle, and Churchill found slav Minister, is interesting, and everyone will agree but a bird of prey. with statements of Fotitch’s popularity and ability. FRANCIS COLT DE WOLF. PAUL T. CULBERTSON.

148 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL You CAN’T DO BUSINESS WITH HITLER, by Douglas such considerations have real importance in a Ger¬ Miller. Little, Brown & Co., , 1941. 229 pp. many in which for some years the General Staff 11.50. has had the chief authority in the Ministry of Eco¬ In You Cant Do Business with Hitler, Douglas nomics? Miller, formerly American Commercial Attache at Drawing frequently upon his experiences in Ber¬ Berlin, does not say a great deal that is new but he lin by way of illustration, Mr. Miller shows how the does say extremely well a number of things about Nazis operate at home through control of foreign the Nazis and their methods which not only bear re¬ exchange, prices, wages, and employment; how statement, but which should be forcefully restated Germany’s foreign trade has since 1933 drifted from time to time lest, under the pressure of rapid¬ away from international trade toward a system of ly moving developments in widely separated areas, parallel but separate relations with other States; we tend even momentarily to forget certain highly and why clearing agreements can not in the long important facts about Nazi aims and methods. It is run be successful. a discussion of these aims and methods which con¬ Mr. Miller believes that if the Nazis are victorious stitutes the first section of the volume. in the present war they can and will use the device Throughout the exposition of Nazi aims runs the of a centralized economic system, buying and sell¬ theme of Hitler’s aspiration to world domination. ing for half the world, to put pressure at many And Mr. Miller points out that much of the success points on our own economy. He is convinced that, which the Fuehrer and his followers have had to should Hitler win, it would be necessary for us “to date in their efforts to achieve their objective has sacrifice, at least for a time, a goodly portion of our been due to the fact that they had no scruples and treasured liberties in order to preserve a certain no inhibitions. It does no good to accuse them of remnant of them.” And this, as he remarks, is not wickedness or crime. It is quite impossible to dis¬ a pretty picture. suade them by mere words from any course of ac¬ What action by the American people he recom¬ tion they have decided to adopt. Their one essen¬ mends to insure the defeat of Hitler is best ex¬ tial aim is to seize power and to hold it. The effec¬ pressed in his own words: tive means of doing so is ever the pioper one, in their eyes, no matter what the outside world may “Attack is our best defense: attack at the heart think or say of it. Coupled with their complete of the enemy; attack with every resource of our disregard of human rights is a remarkable flexi¬ vast, free, and vigorous American nation. Totali¬ bility in their tactics. Tactics are altered as circum¬ tarianism has grown until it now marshals the en¬ stances change. The objective is the thing; the ob¬ tire resources of a continent. But we too have a jective, the objective, always the objective. And continent and a more productive one. The Nazis when it has been attained, the unhappy victims of are strong in war, strong in organization. Even Nazi ruthlessness discover that not one of them can their economy is holding up much better than was find out the final terms of the victor. Conquered expected. Yet they have a fatal weakness. ... I peoples “have no possibility of reconstructing on a never met one except Hitler himself who gave me permanent basis their shattered affairs. They can the impression that he was so loyal to the Third only live and suffer from day to day. There seems Reich that he would cheerfully give his life in its no doubt that these tactics are well designed to defense. lower the morale of the subjugated peoples and to “The German people are still obedient, but not make them more pliable and helpless victims of enthusiastic. They will follow Hitler as long as he the conqueror.” seems to be victorious, but with their fingers Having dealt with Nazi aims and methods, Mr. crossed. If disasters come, if they face defeat, then Miller enters into a discussion of a wide range of the latent, hidden distrust will rise quickly to the subjects, only a few of which can be touched upon surface. Then the moral defeats of the Nazi system will be felt in a widespread betrayal and repudiation in this review. He makes it quite clear that totali¬ of National Socialism.” tarianism is by nature parasitic and predatory; that it can not live on its own resources but must for¬ This admirable book would have been improved ever consume the wealth of others; and that this by adequate documentation. Nevertheless, as a book essential sterility is one explanation of its aggres¬ for the general reader it has a very great deal to siveness. He notes that totalitarian trade methods recommend it. are political and military in purpose; that mere eco¬ ORSEN N. NIELSEN. nomic considerations carry no weight. How can (Continued on page 174)

MARCH. 1942 149 Diamond Cut Diamond

By ARTHUR GARRELS, F.S.O., Retired

DURING the first decade of the twentieth cen¬ as long as the lengthy stock. The cracks, as sharp tury the jehu of Catania in Sicily was still as rifle fire, sounded above the clatter of hoofs on unique. Traditions of his calling demanded a glib¬ the lava paved streets, warned pedestrians, saluted ness in smart and witty rejoinder and aptness in a passing colleague or sought the attention of a argument. His dress reflected the fashions of the possible fare. With expert touch he could flick a early nineties. He wore ornamented tooth-pick fly from his horse’s ear or the hat from the head of shoes of dove grey or canary yellow kid; tight a sassy apprentice. The better class “cocchiere” trousers of checked design or solid colors of purple took pride in the appearance of his turnout. or buff with heavy black stripes at the seams; The vehicle was a victoria. The horse a well-fed double-breasted waistcoat and jacket cut off straight animal of stocky Arab breed. An aristocrat in bear¬ at the waist; figured linen. A gay scarf often served ing and condition compared to his undernourished as a collar. A low crowned derby or a Homburg and over-worked brother who struggled along with hat gave the last jaunty touch to the sartorial en¬ overloaded carts of sulphur or lemons. Harness semble. An assortment of charms against the evil grew in ornament of silver or brass with the influx eye dangled from the watch chain flung across the of the cabby’s extra soldi. The crowning achieve¬ breast from pocket to pocket, among which there ment was always a fine pheasant’s feather or two was always a twisted horn of coral or metal. Dex¬ jutting up straight from the bridle over the left ear terously he wielded his coachman’s whip with lash of the horse. By their feathers you could know their class and every cocchiere felt sure that fine feathers made fine horses and carriages. “With a few pctulent cracks of his whip we started down the Corso Vittorio Emanuele to the I’laza del Our coterie of bachelors that gathered nightly at Duomo, then up Via Etnea.” the Grande Birreria Svizzera regularly patronized four or five of the older and more sedate of the hackmen who had their stand at the Prefettura or coursed along the Via Stesicoro Etnea. Three of us, Billy Franck, coal and iron merchant, H. B. M. Honorary Vice Consul, Feruccio Commoni, importer and exporter from and I usually took the same car- rozza when the night’s session was end¬ ed. We lived along a continuous route. Billy was dropped first, then I and last Comoni. Comoni, tall, handsome, debo¬ nair, possessed a facile tongue and a sense of humor. It was he who used to put to the test the jehu’s vaunted ability in repartee. A tariff of cab fares existed but was applied only to an occasional unin¬ formed stranger. The average Catanese who employed cabs was fair enough in his payments and the foreigners perma¬ nently in the community were adequate¬ ly liberal. Our set was always generous. One summer evening we lingered longer than usual over our Pils at the Birreria. When Billy, Ferrucio and I came to the curb the Via was deserted. The cabs that usually served us were absent. While commenting on the situation a clatter of hoofs and two resounding cracks of a “I mean, to make it quite clear, that I am en¬ whip seized our attention. A cocchiere reined his titled to three lira because there were three courses.” horse to a sudden stop before us and with a “Prego “Technically you’re right,” I replied, “you did Signori s’acommadi” sought our patronage. make three stops but they were all on a continuous “Hello,” said Billy, “What’s this?” passage. Now look here, this is a trip we make “By George,” exclaimed Ferrucio, “a new face regularly five or six times a week and sometimes and a brand new outfit. Carozza, horse, harness and pay only one lira. Two are always considered ade¬ all. Altogether a swanky turnout.” quately generous.” “Well young fellow,” he addressed the coachman, “I don’t know what two lira may be considered. “where did you come from?” But I do know that I made three stops and each “Where all fine turnouts come from. From my stop counts as a course. According to the regula¬ stable of course,” came the snappy reply. “And tions I am entitled to three lira. Basta.” here’s a horse that will show any of them his heels.” By the time he’d had his say I was a bit piqued “Well, we’ll see whether your nag can live up to so I said, “You refer to the regulations. I happen that,” said Ferrucio as we took our seats. We start¬ to know something about the regulations myself. ed off for Billy’s home just as the clock on the You insist on three lira?” Prefettura struck 11:30. “I certainly do,” he snapped. “I know that fellow,” I said, “He came to the consulate some weeks ago. I paid him several thou¬ “Look here,” I replied, “I don’t know whether sand dollars. An inheritance from the States. An you know it or not, but the regulations of which you uncle left it to him.” The fellow remembered me seem so sure also state that when any multiple of and explained that it was the legacy that had pro¬ courses amounts to three lira the hire by time vided the turnout. He was a newcomer to Catania, schedule becomes applicable at the option of the he stated, having previously had a less pretentious passenger. Which, just to refresh your memory is outfit in Achi-Reali. He had come to the big city three lira per hour.” I looked at my watch and to try his fortune. He was going to succeed, he continued, “now we left the Bierreria exactly 11:30. bragged, for he was as smart as any big city chap. It’s now five minutes to twelve. I exercise my op¬ “I wonder,” said Ferrucio, “whether he will be as tion and take the time schedule. So I have still cocky in a month from now.” thirty-five minutes’ use of your beautiful cab and fine horse.” “Or a week,” added Bill. It was a balmy night with a moon. We dropped “Never mind the sarcasm. Give me two lira and Bill at his home and continued to the consulate in we’ll call it quits.” the Piazza dei Martiri where 1 bade goodnight to “No,” I replied, “it’s a fine night and I rather Ferrucio. What transpired later we learned from fancy driving by moonlight through the deserted him the following evening. streets.” So I jumped back in the seat. His nibs “Buona sera, Signori,” saluted Ferrucio as he was a bit taken back by the turn of events but lived joined the cronies at their prandial aperitif. “Ma up to the situation well enough. With a few petu- che storia con questo cocchiere ieri sera! Ora senti.” lent cracks of his whip we started down the Corso He related the story in the vernacular with all of Vittorio Emanuele to the Plaza del Duomo then up its piquancy, much of which unfortunately must be Via Etnea. In view of what had transpired I rather lost in translation. enjoyed the whole business. So I stretched out, lit “After saying goodnight to the Consul we trotted a mezzo toscani and was happy. It occurred to me off down the Corso,” Ferrucio continued. “Stepping that it might be well to take some of the pert self- out of the carrozza at my door I tossed the fellow assurance out of the Johnny and also give him a the usual two lira piece. Just as I was about to lesson. When we arrived at the Prefettura I told rap for the portiere, I heard to my astonishment, a him to go up the hill to the Via Santa Elena. It’s protesting cry, “Ma che! Signori.” “What’s this?” an all fired steep one you know. With a dirty look, Thinking that possibly I might have tossed him he started his poor horse up the hill, which after some coin other than a two lira piece I returned to all was bearing the brunt of the affair. On reaching the cab. A glance showed me that it was a two lira the top I told him to go down. At the bottom I piece all right, that he held in the palm of his ordered him to ascend again. Then he blew up for outstretched hand. fair. “Look here, what are you up to now?” He “Well,” I said, “what’s the matter with that?” spoke almost threateningly. “Matter enough. It’s not enough.” His reply was “Up to? Nothing,” I replied. “I like to ride up a bit sassy. and down hill.” “Not enough? What do you mean?” (Continued on page 175)

MARCH. 1942 151 Uncle Sam's Tremble Shooters

By FRANCES RUSSELL*

OREIGN SERVICE men must be able to “take L’Heureux and her children hung over the side of a it” to stick out wartime duties. One of the lifeboat, ready to be dropped into the sea if the toughest assignments today, largely filled by young¬ U-boat commander refused to listen to reason. er bachelors, is London. Bombs are such old stuff to the men in London that they have become almost Mrs. James Bonbright, wife of the second secre¬ callous about them. Several months ago, a Nazi tary of the legation in Belgrade, was cited with her plane slipped through the clouds and dropped a five- husband by the Yugoslav government for heroic hundred-pound bomb on the building next to the rescue work during the terrible bombing of that American Embassy. Only a few heads poked out capital. For two days and nights they drove through the window to watch A.R.P. ambulances carry off the torn and blazing city, during the worst of the a number of wounded Britishers and the bodies of air raids, rescuing American nationals, American seven killed. and foreign diplomats and any wounded inhabi¬ tants they found in the streets. Between rescue trips. Most of the men would prefer living in one of the Mrs. Bonbright served tea and cocktails to friends hotels built of concrete and steel, but there are and strangers alike huddled in her cellar. only a limited number and room prices have risen so high that they can’t afford them. The cost of “It’s all just part of the job.” That best de¬ living for Foreign Service personnel in London has scribes the spirit of the Foreign Service today. risen fifty per cent since the war began. Their sal¬ There are no uniforms, no medals, no fanfare for aries have remained at peacetime levels. the men who work within the shadow of death to protect the interests of Uncle Sam. Gone are the Food is a constant problem for practically all of pleasant peacetime days of short hours and high the Foreign Service in Europe but the posts hit living—traded for bombs, poor food and little sleep. hardest are those in Spain. There, the British The men have learned that when total war strikes blockade and four years of civil war have reduced there is no diplomatic immunity for the Foreign the supply almost to starvation levels. Service. They have proved magnificently that they can take it. Foreign Service wives have written an important chapter in the story of the Foreign Service at war. When the Nazis invaded Belgium, Mrs. J. Herve LETTER TO THE EDITORS L’Heureux was living in Antwerp with her consul husband. He decided that she and the three chil¬ 27th December, 1941 dren must return to America for safety. After a hurried packing she piled the three youngsters in a Editor, American FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL car with some food and started for Dunkirk—just Department of State ahead of the retreating British Army. Finding no Washington, D. C. way out there, she turned toward Paris—just ahead Sir: of the retreating French. Her next try was the port of Bordeaux. On the way the car was frequently I have read with interest the charming article attacked by Stukas. She would stop, herd the chil¬ on Ada-Kaleh, which appears in the current num¬ dren into the nearest ditch and cover them as best ber of the JOURNAL. she could until the danger was past. A story in that connection, with which the au¬ When they finally arrived in Bordeaux, passage thor apparently is not familiar, is to the effect was secured on the S. S. Washington, which was that a Turkish Pasha, who possessed the island evacuating Americans. On the way across, the ship at one period mounted a cannon on the water was halted by a Nazi submarine. While the two cap¬ front and compelled ships to pay for the privi¬ tains argued for twenty minutes, by signals, over lege of passing. One would have called him a whether or not the ship should be torpedoed, Mrs. racketeer today. Yours very truly, *Excerpt from an article from the issue of Cos¬ mopolitan, used by special permission of Cosmopolitan and the author. U. GRANT SMITH.

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MARCH, 1942 153 Foreign Service Changes

The following changes have occurred in the For¬ Embassy at Berlin, Germany, has been designated eign Service since December 27, 1941: Third Secretary of the American Legation and Stephen C. Brown of Herndon, Virginia, for¬ American Vice Consul at Stockholm, Sweden, and merly American Vice Consul at Kunming, Yun¬ will serve in dual capacity. nan, China, has been designated Third Secretary Thomas A. Hickok of Aurora, New York, Ameri¬ of the American Embassy and American Vice Con¬ can Consul at , Philippine Islands, has been sul at London, England, and will serve in dual ca¬ designated Second Secretary of the American Le¬ pacity. gation at Dublin, Ireland. Harry E. Carlson of Joliet, , First Sec¬ David McK. Key of Chattanooga, Tennesee, retary of the American Legation and American formerly Second Secretary of the American Em¬ Consul at Helsinki, Finland, has been designated bassy at Rome, Italy, has been assigned for duty First Secretary of the American Legation and in the Department of State. American Consul at Stockholm, Sweden, and will The assignment of Harvey Lee Milbourne of serve in dual capacity. Charles Town, West Virginia, as American Con¬ Richard Ford, of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, sul at Calcutta, India, has been cancelled. In lieu American Consul at Buenos Aires, Argentina, has thereof, Mr. Milbourne has been assigned Ameri¬ been designated First can Consul at St. Lu¬ Secretary of the cia, British West In¬ American Embassy dies, where an Amer¬ and American Consul STENOGRAPHIC ASSISTANCE IN THE ican Consulate will be at Buenos Aires, Ar¬ DEPARTMENT established. James B. Pilcher of gentina, and will Miss Wright, in the Foreign Service Room, serve in dual capacity. Cordele, Georgia, for¬ (Room 193) is prepared to give stenographic as¬ merly American Con¬ Landreth M. Har¬ sistance to members of the American Foreign Serv¬ rison of Minneapolis, sul at Amoy, Fukien, ice Association who may wish it. China, has been as¬ Minnesota, formerly Miss Wright has been engaged by the Foreign Second Secretary of signed for duty in the Service Association, which has prescribed the fol¬ Department of State. the American Embas¬ lowing fees for work done by her for members: sy at Berlin, Ger¬ R. Borden Reams For a single page, double-spaced, of Luthersburg, Penn¬ many, has been desig¬ whether short or cap-sized 10 cents nated Second Secre¬ sylvania, Second Sec¬ For a single page, single-spaced, retary of the Ameri¬ tary of the American whether short or cap-sized 15 cents Legation at Bern, can Legation at Co¬ For each carbon copy 2 cents penhagen, Denmark, Switzerland. The fees, which should be handed to Miss Wright, John D. Johnson of has been designated are paid into the treasury of the Association. Highgate, Vermont, Second Secretary of The fees have been fixed by the Association at a formerly American the American Lega¬ rate slightly less than half that charged by public tion at Bern, Switzer¬ Consul at Salonika, stenographers in Washington. Greece, has been as¬ land. signed for duty in the Frank A. Schuler, Department of State. Jr., of North Muske¬ Miss Elizabeth Humes of Memphis, Tennessee, gon, Michigan, American Vice Consul at Antigua, Second Secretary of the American Legation at Leeward Islands, British West Indies, has been Copenhagen, Denmark, has been designated Sec¬ assigned American Consul at Antigua, Leeward ond Secretary of the American Legation at Bern, Islands, British West Indies. Switzerland. Philip D. Sprouse of Springfield, Tennessee, David H. McKillop of Chestnut Hill, Massachu¬ formerly American Vice Consul at Hankow, Hupeh. setts, formerly Third Secretary of the American (Continued on page 158)

154 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL GLIMPSES

Bern Golf Club, September 6. 1941.—From left to right: Secretaries Warren M. Chase and John H. Madonne take much needed rest while Minister Leland Harrison continues to dig potatoes. Following the Swiss plan to raise more crops, the Bern Golf Club gave up considerable land, and the rough of the remaining holes was planted with potatoes and vegetables. The potato crop is good and Chase, Ma¬ donne and Minister Harrison received each 25 kilos oi potatoes for the afternoon’s work.

JUVENILE TRANSPORTATION IN THE FOREIGN SERVICE By way of Bermuda basketed bicycle, Mrs. Hector C. Adam, Jr., transports son Douglas.

Mr. and Mrs. Hiram Bingham, Jr., and five little Binghams aboard the S.S. “Argentina” en route to Buenos Aires.

A snapshot of British Tom¬ mies, survivors from a ship torpedoed south of the Azores, taken after a tea party in the garden of the American Consulate at Ponta Delgada. These boys landed on the shores of Sao Miguel after eight or ten days on the high seas in small boats and rafts. They are wearing sweaters, socks and underwear from “Bundles for Britain.” From left to right, stand¬ ing: Sehorita Maria Fer¬ nandez Ron, Mrs. Leonard G. Dawson, wife of Consul Dawson. At right: Mrs. Manuel ]. Codoner, wife of Vice Consul Codoner. At extreme right: Armand L. Codoner, son of Vice Consul Codoner. Small boy in front row: Emil ]. Codoner. PK OMOTIONS The following Foreign Service Officers have been nominated for promotion in the Foreign Service:

FROM FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS II FROM FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS VI TO FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS I: TO FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS V: George L. Brandt, of the District of Columbia. Richard M. de Lambert, of New Mexico. Samuel G. Ebling, of Ohio. FROM FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS III George R. Hukill, of Delaware. TO FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS II: Benamin M. Hulley, of Florida. Ralph H. Ackerman, of California. Paul W. Meyer, of Colorado. J. Webb Benton, of Pennsylvania. Sheldon T. Mills, of Oregon. Edward M. Groth, of New York. Sidney E. O’Donoghue, of New Jersey. H. Lawrence Groves, of Pennsylvania. James B. Pilcher, of Georgia. Donald R. Heath, of Kansas. Robert B. Streeper, of Ohio. James Hugh Keeley, Jr., of California. Alfred W. Klieforth, of Pennsylvania. FROM FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS VII Thomas H. Lockett, of Kentucky. TO FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS VI: Robert B. Macatee, of Virginia. Stuart Allen, of Minnesota. Hugh Millard, of Nebraska. John M. Allison, of Nebraska. Orsen N. Nielsen, of Wisconsin. Cavendish W. Cannon, of Utah. Daniel J. Reagan, of the District of Columbia. William P. Cochran, Jr., of Pennsylvania. Harold S. Tewell, of North Dakota. Edmund J. Dorsz, of Michigan. Dorsey Gassaway Fisher, of Maryland. FROM FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS IV Frederic C. Fornes, Jr., of New York. TO FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS III: Archibald E. Gray, of Pennsylvania. George Atcheson, Jr., of California. Bernard Gufler, of Washington. Merwin L. Bohan, of Texas. Monroe B. Hall, of New York. J. Rives Childs, of Virginia. Thomas A. Hickok, of New York. Charles E. Dickerson, Jr., of New Jersey. Perry N. Jester, of Virginia. Julian B. Foster, of Alabama. George D. LaMont, of New York. Clayton Lane, of California. Edward S. Maney, of Texas. James E. McKenna, of . Ralph Miller, of New York. Paul G. Minneman, of Ohio. Gerald A. Mokma, of Iowa. Paul O. Nyhus, of Wisconsin. Guy W. Ray, of Alabama. Karl L. Rankin, of Maine. Willard Quincey Stanton, of Montana. Leo D. Sturgeon, of Illinois. Walter N. Walmsley, Jr., of Maryland. Clifford C. Taylor, of Colorado. John Carter Vincent, of Georgia. FROM FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS VIII TO FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS VII: FROM FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS V Mulford A. Colebrook, of New York. TO FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS IV: Charles A. Cooper, of Nebraska. George R. Canty, of Massachusetts. Frederick J. Cunningham, of Massachusetts. Robert G. Glover, of Florida. Overton G. Ellis, Jr., of Washington. Julian C. Greenup, of California. Howard Elting, Jr., of Illinois. George J. Haering, of New York. Frederick E. Farnsworth, of Colorado. Joel C. Hudson, of Missouri. L. Randolph Higgs, of Mississippi. Charles W. Lewis, Jr., of Michigan. Beppo R. Johansen, of Florida. Lester De Witt Mallory, of California. George Lewis Jones, Jr., of Maryland. Quincy F. Roberts, of Texas. Charles ’F. Knox, Jr., of New Jersey. James Somerville, of Mississippi. E. Allan Lightner, Jr., of New Jersey. Paul P. Steintorf, of Virginia. Walter J. Linthicum, of Maryland. Howard H. Tewksbury, of Massachusetts. Aubrey E. Lippincott. of Arizona. S. Walter Washington, of West Virginia. Odin G. Loren, of Washington.

156 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Robert Mills McClintoek, of California. Stewart G. Anderson Carmel Offie, of Pennsylvania. Leonard J. Cromie Walter W. Orebaugh, of Kansas. W. William Duff W. Leonard Parker, of New York. Irven M. Eitreim Max W. Schmidt, of Iowa. C. Vaughan Ferguson, Jr. Richard E. Gnade FROM FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER. UNCLASSIFIED, TO Bartley P. Gordon FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS VIII: Scott Lyon John L. Bankhead, of Florida. John K. McSweeney M. Williams Blake, of Ohio. Claude G. Ross Thomas S. Campen, of North Carolina. Robert Rossow, Jr. David M. Clark, of Pennsylvania. W. Horton Schoellkopf, Jr. Perry Ellis, of California. Harry H. Schwartz James Espy, of Ohio. Bromley K. Smith Richard D. Gatewood, of New York. Henry T. Smith John L. Goshie, of New York. John L. Topping John Hubner, 2nd, of Maryland. John W. Tuthill John D. Jernegan, of California. Fred E. Waller Hartwell Johnson, of South Carolina. Andrew B. Wardlaw Robert B. Memminger, of South Carolina. Livingston D. Watrous Charles S. Millet, of New Hampshire. Fraser Wilkins Miss Kathleen Molesworth, of Texas. Bolard More, of Ohio. To BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS, UNCLASSIFIED. Brewster H. Morris, of Pennsylvania. VICE CONSULS OF CAREER, AND SECRETARIES IN Jack B. Neathery, of Texas. THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED Miss Katherine E. O’Connor, of Indiana. STATES OF AMERICA: E. Edward Schefer, of New York. Alvin M. Bentley, of Michigan. Charles O. Thompson, of Alaska. Byron E. Blankinship, of New York. S. Roger Tyler, Jr., of West Virginia. D. Chadwick Braggiotti, of New York. Phillip P. Williams, of California. Robert M. Brandin, of New York. Robert E. Wilson, of Arizona. William C. Burdett, Jr., of Georgia. Findley Burns, Jr., of Maryland. FROM FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER UNCLASSIFIED (B) Robert E. Cashin, of Missouri. TO FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER UNCLASSIFIED (A) Forrest N. Daggett, of California. Niles W. Bond Frederick W. Eyessell, of Missouri. William O. Boswell Douglas N. Forman, Jr., of Massachusetts. Charles R. Burrows Michael R. Gannett, of New York. V. Lansing Collins, 2d Joseph N. Greene, Jr., of Massachusetts. Arthur B. Emmons, 3d Douglas Henderson, of Massachusetts. Nicholas Feld Henry Hanson, Jr., of Connecticut. William N. Fraleigh Armistead M. Lee, of Virginia. Fulton Freeman Duane B. Leuders, of Minnesota. Fulton C. Fuess LaRue R. Lutkins, of New York. Boies C. Hart, Jr. Oliver M. Marcy, of Massachusetts. Richard H. Hawkins, Jr. James L. O’Sullivan, of Connecticut. Roger L. Heacock Albert E. Pappano, of Missouri. Martin J. Hillenbrand Henry L. Pitts, Jr., of New York. Hungerford B. Howard William S. Rosenberg, of New York. Delano McKelvey Joseph S. Sparks, of California. Robert C. Strong Leslie Albion Squires, of California. Walter J. Stoessel, Jr., of California. FROM FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER UNCLASSIFIED (C) Jewell Truex, of California. TO FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER UNCLASSIFIED (B) Richard E. Usher, of Wisconsin. Charles W. Adair, Jr. Theodore C. Weber, of Massachusetts. H. Gardner Ainsworth William L. S. Williams, of Wisconsin.

MARCH, 1942 157 Why Not Write It For The GEOGRAPHIC?

The Editor invites you to submit to the NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MACAZINE narra¬ tives and photographs that portray your timely observations. Millions of readers throughout the world watch the mails each month for their copy of The Maga¬ zine. Your experiences as a Foreign Service Officer may contribute in sub¬ stantial measure to the increase of their geographic knowledge of areas spotlighted in the vital news of the day. • Manu¬ scripts should be written as personal narratives, preferably accompanied with human-interest photographs. Liberal pay¬ ment is made for material accepted for publication. • Before preparing manu¬ script, it is advisable that you submit a brief outline of your proposed article.

Left: Sluice tender retrieving vital tin ore in Malay Archipelago. Photograph for THE GEOGRAPHIC, by J. Baylor Roberts.

THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE | Gilbert Grosvenor, Litt.D., LL.D., Editor i | WASHINGTON, D. C. j

FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES nated Second Secretary of the American Embassy (Continued from page 154) and American Vice Consul at London, England, and will serve in dual capacity. China, has been designated Third Secretary of the Donald F. Bigelow of St. Paul, Minnesota, Sec¬ American Embassy at Chungking, China. ond Secretary of the American Legation at Bern, Switzerland, has been designated First Secretary The following changes have occurred in the For¬ of the American Legation at Bern, Switzerland. eign Service since 1942: William L. Brewster of Brownsville, Texas, Amer¬ Charles W. Adair, Jr., of Xenia, Ohio, who has ican Vice Consul at Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico, has been assigned to the Foreign Service School since been appointed American Vice Consul at La Paz, November 3, 1941, has been assigned American Baja California, Mexico. Vice Consul at Bombay, India. Robert L. Buell of Rochester, New York, Amer¬ Daniel V. Anderson of Dover, Delaware, Third ican Consul at Singapore, Straits Settlements, has Secretary of the American Embassy and American been designated American Consul at Rangoon, Vice Consul at Bogota, Colombia, has been desig¬ Burma. nated Second Secretary of the American Embassy John Willard Carrigan of San Francisco, Cali¬ and American Vice Consul at Bogota, Colombia, fornia, Third Secretary of the American Embassy and will serve in dual capacity. and American Vice Consul at Mexico, D. F., Mexico, Walworth Barbour of Lexington, Massachusetts, has been designated Second Secretary of the Amer¬ formerly Second Secretary of the American Lega¬ ican Embassy and American Vice Consul at Mex¬ tion and American Vice Consul at Sofia, , ico, D. F., Mexico, and will serve in dual capacity. has been designated Third Secretary of the Amer¬ Selden Chapin of Erie, Pennsylvania, First Sec¬ ican Legation and American Vice Consul at , retary of the American Embassy and American Con¬ Egypt, and will serve in dual capacity. sul at Montevideo, Uruguay, has been assigned for Jacob D. Beam of Princeton, New Jersey, Third duty in the Department of State. Secretary of the American Embassy and American Bernard C. Connelly of Rock Island, Illinois, Vice Consul at London, England, has been desig- Third Secretary of the American Embassy and

158 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL " ,

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MARCH, 1942 American Vice Consul at Lima, Peru, has been designated Second Secretary of the American Em¬ bassy and American Vice Consul at Lima, Peru, and will serve in dual capacity. Albert John Cope, Jr., of Salt Lake City, Utah, American Vice Consul at Lisbon, Portugal, has been appointed American Vice Consul at Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. William H. Cordell of Ward, Arkansas, American Vice Consul at Lisbon, Portugal, has been desig¬ nated Third Secretary of the American Embassy and American Vice Consid at Madrid, Spain, and will serve in dual capacity. Earl T. Crain of Huntsville, Illinois, Third Secre¬ tary of the American Embassy and American Vice Consul at Madrid, Spain, has been designated Sec¬ ond Secretary of the American Embassy and Amer¬ ican Vice Consul at Madrid, Spain, and will serve in dual capacity. Allan Dawson of Des Moines, Iowa, Second Sec¬ retary of the American Legation and American Con¬ sul at La Paz, Bolivia, has been designated First Secretary of the American Legation and American Consul at La Paz, Bolivia, and will serve in dual capacity. Andrew E. Donovan, 2d of San Francisco, Cali¬ fornia, Third Secretary of the American Embassy and American Vice Consul at Bogota, Colombia, has been designated Second Secretary of the Amer¬ 35 Traih* “Embassies" ican Embassy and American Vice Consul at Bogota, Colombia, and will serve in dual capacity. W. William Duff of New Castle, Pennsylvania, who has been assigned to the Foreign Service School since November 3, 1941, has been assigned Amer¬ C/VATIONAL CITY established its first Latin- ican Vice Consul at Calcutta, India. American branch in Buenos Aires—in Dudley G. Dwyre of Fort Collins, Colorado, First 1914. Other branches followed quickly. Secretary of the American Legation at Guatemala, In close cooperation with Head Office, Guatemala, has been designated First Secretary of these doorways are always open to busi¬ the American Embassy and American Consul Gen¬ ness for the furtherance of trade relation¬ eral at Montevideo, Uruguay, and will serve in dual ships between the Americas. capacity. Today throughout Latin America, there C. Burke Elbrick of Louisville, Kentucky, Third are 2,120 National City employees Secretary of the American Legation at Lisbon, Portugal, has been designated Second Secretary of waiting to serve you. They speak the lan¬ the American Legation at Lisbon, Portugal. guage; knowthe local business technique; John A. Embry of Dade City, Florida, Assistant and they work hand in hand with the Commercial Attache at Cairo, Egypt, has been people of the country. designated Commercial Attache at La Paz, Bolivia. C. Vaughan Ferguson, Jr., of Schenectady, New THE NATIONAL CITY BANK York, who has been assigned to the Foreign Service OF NEW YORK School since November 3, 1941, has been designated Third Secretary of the American Legation and Head Office: 55 Wall Street, New York American Vice Consul at , Iran, and will

Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation serve in dual capacity. John C. Fuess of Andover, Massachusetts, now serving in the Department of State, has been as-

160 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL signed American Vice Consul at , . The assignment of Paul S. Guinn of Catawissa, Pennsylvania, as American Consul at Batavia, Java, Emblems of Netherlands Indies, has been cancelled. In lieu thereof, Mr. Guinn has been assigned American Consul at Caracas, Venezuela. J. Brock Havron of Whitwell, Tennessee, Amer¬ Quality Petroleum ican Vice Consul at Acapulco de Juarez, Guerrero, Mexico, has been appointed American Vice Consul at St. John’s, . Theodore J. Hohenthal of Berkeley, California, Products formerly American Vice Consul at Vienna, Ger¬ many, has been assigned for duty in the Department of State. Douglas Jenkins, Jr., of Charleston, South Caro¬ lina, Third Secretary of the American Legation and American Vice Consul at Stockholm, Sweden, has been designated Second Secretary of the American Legation and American Vice Consul at Stockholm, Sweden, and will serve in dual capacity. Henry P. Leverich of Montclair, New Jersey, Third Secretary of the American Legation at Lis¬ bon. Portugal, has been designated Second Secre¬ tary of the American Legation at Lisbon, Portugal. E. Allan Lightner, Jr., of Mountain Lakes, New Jersey, Third Secretary of the American Embassy and American Vice Consul at Moscow, U. S. S. R., has been designated Third Secretary of the Amer¬ ican Legation and American Vice Consul at Stock¬ holm, Sweden, and will serve in dual capacity. John G. Oliver of Laredo, Texas, American Vice Consul at Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico, has been appointed American Vice Consul at Guaymas, Son¬ ora, Mexico. John Peabody Palmer of Seattle, Washington, Third Secretary of the American Embassy and American Vice Consul at London, England, has been designated Second Secretary of the American Em¬ bassy and American Vice Consul at London. Eng¬ land. and will serve in dual capacity. Paul J. Reveley of East Haven, Connecticut, Third Secretary of the American Embassy and American Vice Consul at London, England, has been desig¬ nated Second Secretary of the American Embassy and American Vice Consul at London, England, and will serve in dual capacity. Harry H. Schwartz of Los Angeles, California, who has been assigned to the Foreign Service School since November 3, 1941, has been designated Third Secretary of the American Legation and American SOCONY-VACUUM Vice Consul at Tangier, , and will serve in dual capacity. OIL CO., INC. Bromley K. Smith of San Diego, California, who has been assigned to the Foreign Service School 26 Broadway New York City since November 3, 1941, has been designated Third

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162 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Secretary of the American Legation and American Vice Consul at La Paz, Bolivia, and will serve in dual capacity. E. Talbot Smith of Hartford. Connecticut, Amer¬ ican Consul at Nairobi, Kenya, East Africa, has been assigned American Consul at Asmara, Eritrea, where an American Consulate will be established. Byron B. Snyder of Los Angeles, California, who has been assigned to the Foreign Service School since November 3, 1941, has been assigned for duty- in the Department of State. Francis L. Spalding of Brookline, Massachusetts, Third Secretary of the American Legation and American Vice Consul at Cairo, Egypt, has been designated Second Secretary of the American Lega¬ tion and American Vice Consul at Cairo, Egypt, and will serve in dual capacity. Henry E. Stebbins of Milton, Massachusetts, Third Secretary of the American Embassy and American Vice Consul at London, England, has been designated Second Secretary of the American Em¬ bassy and American Vice Consul at London, Eng¬ land, and will serve in dual capacity. Robert B. Streeper of Columbus, Ohio, American Consul at Penang, Straits Settlements, has been as¬ signed American Consul at Rangoon, Burma. William C. Trimble of Baltimore, Maryland, Third Secretary of the American Embassy and American Vice Consul at Mexico, D. F., Mexico, has been designated Second Secretary of the Amer¬ ican Embassy, and American Vice Consul at Mexico, 1). F., Mexico, and will serve in dual capacity. Eugene T. Turley of McNary, Arizona, American Vice Consul at La Paz, Baja California, Mexico, has been appointed American Vice Consul at Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico. John W. Tuthill of Cambridge, Massachusetts, who has been assigned to the Foreign Service School since November 3, 1941, has been assigned Amer¬ ican Vice Consul at Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. J. Kittredge Vinson of Houston, Texas, who has been assigned to the Foreign Service School since November 3, 1941, has been assigned American Vice Consul at Rangoon, Burma. Andrew B. Wardlaw of Greenville, South Caro¬ lina, who has been assigned to the Foreign Service School since November 3, 1941, has been assigned American Vice Consul at Barranquilla, Colombia. Harold L. Williamson of , Illinois, Amer¬ ican Consul General at Guatemala, Guatemala, has been designated First Secretary of the American Legation at Guatemala, Guatemala. Evan M. Wilson of Haverford, Pennsylvania, Third Secretary of the American Legation and American Vice Consul at Cairo, Egypt, has been designated Third Secretary of the American Em-

MARCH, 1942 163 bassy and American Vice Consul at Mexico, D. F., Mexico, and will serve in dual capacity. Francis M. Withey of Reed City, Michigan, Amer¬ UNDERWOOD ican Vice Consul at Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico, has been appointed American Vice Consul at Salma Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico, where an American Vice Types Considate will be established. Better The following changes have occurred in the For¬ eign Service since , 1942: Letters The assignment of M. Williams Blake of Colum¬ bus, Ohio, as American Vice Consul at Rangoon, Burma, has been canceled. In lieu thereof, Mr. Blake has been assigned American Vice Consul at Tampico, Mexico. James E. Brown, Jr., of Sewickley, Pennsylvania, Second Secretary of the American Embassy and American Consul at London, England, has been designated Second Secretary of the American Em¬ bassy and American Consul at Buenos Aires, Ar¬ gentina, and will serve in dual capacity. Leo J. Callanan of Dorchester, Massachusetts, American Consul at Oporto, Portugal, has been as¬ signed American Consul at Pernambuco, Brazil. DuWayne G. Clark of Fresno, California, As¬ sistant Commercial Attache at Madrid, Spain, has been designated Commercial Attache at Asuncion, • Of course you want your letters to be good . looking, distinguished and representative of Bernard Gufler of Tacoma, Washington, former¬ you. But are they? ly Second Secretary of the American Embassy at Berlin, Germany, has been assigned for duty in the Right now you can take the first step to¬ Department of State. ward finding the true answer to this ques¬ The assignment of Edmund A. Gullion of Lex¬ ington, Kentucky, as American Vice Consul at Cal¬ tion. Just say to your secretary: "Telephone cutta, India, has been canceled. In lieu thereof, Underwood and ask them to send over a Mr. Gullion has been designated Third Secretary newUnderwood Typewriter and show what of the American Embassy and American Vice Con¬ sul at London, England, and will serve in dual ca¬ the Underwood will do in a Letter-for- pacity. Letter Test with our present machine.” The assignment of Frederick P. Latimer, Jr., ol Underwood has specialized on the job of New London, Connecticut, as American Consul at Johannesburg, Transvaal, Union of South Africa, producing better letters. That is why Under¬ has been canceled. In lieu thereof, Mr. Latimei wood has created many features that insure has been designated Second Secretary of the Ameri¬ precision type alignment, clean-cut and uni¬ can Legation and American Consul at Tegucigalpa, Honduras, and will serve in dual capacity. form type impressions. But, to satisfy your¬ Walter J. Linthicum of Baltimore, Maryland, self, ask for the Letter-for-Letter Test today. American Consul at Pernambuco, Brazil, has been assigned American Consul at Oporto, Portugal. The assignment of Myles Standish of New York, UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY New York, as American Vice Consul at Karachi, Typewriters, Accounting Machines, Adding Machines India, has been canceled. In lieu thereof, Mr. Carbon Paper, Ribbons and other Supplies Standish has been assigned American Vice Con¬ Homer Bldg., 13th & F Streets sul at Aruba, Dutch West Indies, where an Ameri¬ Washington, D. C. can Vice Consulate is to be opened. Sales and Service Everywhere The assignment of Marshall M. Vance of Day- ton, Ohio, as Second Secretary of the American Legation at Bern, Switzerland, has been canceled. (Continued on page 180)

164 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Oliver Bishop llarriman Foreign Service Scholar ship

The Advisory Committee of the Oliver Bishop recipient has been finally admitted to the particular Karriman Foreign Service Scholarship invites chil¬ educational institution selected. dren of present or former Foreign Service Officers It may be recalled that the deed of trust insti¬ interested in applying for the scholarship to submit tuting the scholarship provides that in the selection their applications in such time as to be in the hands of recipients the Advisory Committee shall be gov¬ of the Committee not later than June 1, 1942. Ap¬ erned by the following rules and regulations: plications should be in duplicate and addressed to “(a) The recipient shall be selected from among the Honorable Sumner Welles, Chairman, Advisory the children of persons who are then or shall there¬ Committee, Oliver Bishop Harriman Foreign Serv¬ ice Scholarship, Department of State, Washington, tofore have been Foreign Service Officers of the 1). C. United States; and the moneys paid to a recipient from the income of the trust fund shall be used by Each applicant must include information cover¬ the recipient in paying his or her expense at such ing the following particulars: American university, college, seminary, conserva¬ Age and sex of applicant; a full statement con¬ tory, professional, scientific or other school as may cerning the education and courses of study pursued be selected by the recipient. by the applicant up to the present time, including “(b) The scholarship may be awarded to a single scholastic ratings; the course of study and profes¬ recipient or may be divided among two or more sion which the applicant desires to follow; whether recipients in such proportions as the Advisory Com¬ or not the applicant contemplates the Foreign Serv¬ mittee shall determine. ice as a career; the need of the applicant for finan¬ “(c) The candidates for the award of the scholar¬ cial assistance (this should include a statement ship shall apply therefore in writing to the Advisory whether the applicant will be able or not to com¬ Committee at such times and at such place as may plete or continue his education without the aid of be designated by it on or before May 1 in each this scholarship) ; the institution at which the appli¬ year. Such applications shall be accompanied by cant proposes to make use of the scholarship if letters from the parent or guardian of the candidate granted; and evidence that the school experience of and by such other data or information as from time the applicant covers the work required for admis¬ to time may be required by the Advisory Commit¬ sion to the institution selected. A small photograph tee. Each application shall be made in duplicate. of the applicant must also be included. The appli¬ “(d) Each candidate shall submit evidence that cant may include any further information which the his or her school experience covers the work re¬ applicant deems pertinent and which, in his or her quired for admission to the American educational opinion, should be taken into consideration by the institution selected by him or her. Committee. “(e) No payments from the income of the trust The application should be accompanied by a fund shall be made to a recipient until the recipient letter, likewise in duplicate, from the parent or shall have been finally admitted to the university or guardian of the applicant. other institution which he or she may desire to enter The Committee calls attention to the following and payments of such income to any recipient shall conditions, which should be borne in mind by appli¬ continue only so long as the Advisory Committee cants: The amount available for scholarships in shall direct.” any year will presumably be little in excess of The Advisory Committee is at present constituted $1,200 and may, in the discretion of the committee, as follows: The Honorable Sumner Welles, Chair¬ be divided among two or more recipients. Funds man; Mr. Elliott Debevoise, Manufacturers Trust awarded under the scholarship may be used only in Company; Mr. A. B. Fisk, Manufacturers Trust defraying expenses at an American university, col¬ Company; and the Honorable Breckinridge Long. lege, seminary, conservatory, professional, scientific SUMNER WELLES, Chairman, or other school. This school may be selected by Advisory Committee, Oliver Bishop the recipient. No payments may be made until the Harriman Foreign Service Scholarship.

MARCH, 1942 165 NEWS FROM THE DEPARTMENT (Continued from page 144) which, he says, resembles a sun rainbow but with slightly lessened vividness of color. Mr. Latimer has been assigned to the Legation at Tegucigalpa. * * * * It was a case of “not knowing where he was at” with JOHN RANDOLPH, who, in January, was re¬ turning to the States by air from his post at Bel¬ fast. At one stage of the trip the plane on which Mr. Randolph was traveling from “somewhere in England,” after flying for a short time, landed at a large, bustling, unmarked airport. There was absolute absence of any identification as even to what country they were in. They took off a few minutes later, none the wiser. We assume it just wasn’t cricket to ask. Mr. Randolph flew via Lisbon, Bolama, Natal, Belem, Trinidad, etc., and arrived in the Depart¬ ment the last part of January. .(. KENLY BACON, until recently Second Secretary and Consul at Port-au-Prince, arrived in New York City on the last sailing from Haiti of the Cristobal of the Panama Line, which has been taken over by the War Department. He is now assigned to the Division of American Republics in the Department. Vital Speed He reported the arrival, shortly before he left, of Reginald P. Mitchell and Vinton Chapin with their families in Port-au-Prince a week apart on the Miami - Port-au-Prince plane. Mr. Mitchell was for¬ for Vital Needs merly a member of the Editorial Board of the JOURNAL and writer of the “News from the Depart¬ ment” column. * * * * • Today the U. S. Government has first WALTER SMITH had a hard time in November call on the services of the Clipper Corps getting boat reservation home from Canton. His —the planes, the facilities, the men and eight bookings for passage were canceled, due to women of Pan American Airways. Now ships being taken off of service. Finally, he flew to Manila by clipper ship and there caught the Presi¬ our primary job, like that of all American dent Coolidge on November 27 which was convoyed enterprise, is to be an efficient instrument all the way from that port—the passengers assumed of government policy and strategy for the convoy to be protection against Nazi subma¬ successful prosecution of the war. The job rines, no one had given thought to the Japs. Foreign Service Officer ROBERT TAYLOR and Mrs. Taylor of saving irreplaceable time for our from Tientsin were also aboard. They reached San country and our allies is a service we Francisco on Christmas day after an eventful are glad and proud to perform. crossing. The Coolidge picked up the first boatload of Pearl Harbor wounded, about 120. Two hundred wives and children of Army and Navy personnel embarked p/tx in Honolulu, swelling the number of passengers to 1,400. A group of Chinese aviators en route to the PM 1RW/fYS SYSTEM United States for study slept on army cots in the Tea Garden. However, the two baby pandas headed

166 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Cooperation Lightens the Task Before I s

THE ARMED FORCES of a nation perform greater responsibility to our Government, deeds requiring the most direct sort of Foreign Governments, and their program courage. They are rightfully heroes worthy for national and hemispheric security. of world acclaim. Cooperation lightens the task before us. To their numbers must also be added the A greater burden rests upon our Overseas uncounted millions who, in total war, are Distributors and Customers. They shoulder also directly affected. Since attention is the hardships of war by disruption of their constantly focused upon the field of action, normal existence and by the lessening of the courage and sacrifice of others are some¬ their security. It is such undramatic, matter- times overlooked. In a sense, it is more diffi¬ of-fact sacrifice that will hasten the full cult to sacrifice self when danger is not return of freedom to the world. immediate. Yet it is this very type of sacri¬ In spite of great changes the obligation fice that enables those who are fighting to still remains to serve well and truly a host “carry on.” of loyal friends in many countries. The dis¬ The rapid development of the program charge of that obligation, in the face of in¬ for national and hemisphere defense is the creasing difficulties, is second only to the result of the desire of the great legion of requirements of national defense in its claim people in this hemisphere to make whatever upon our will and energy. sacrifice of comfort and security is neces¬ WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC sary for their common defense. INTERNATIONAL COMPANY H H A Manufacturer of Electrical Products In placing defense production first, 40 WAI.L STREET, NEW YORK, U. S. A. Westinghouse must necessarily limit the manufacture of peace-time products. We Westinghouse Shortwave Station, WBOS, Boston, feel a responsibility to the regular pur¬ U.S.A., broadcasts world news seven times daily, chasers of our products, but we feel an even first 15 minutes of every hour. 11,870 kc., 25.27 M. Westinghouse ( J ESTABLISHED IN 1886

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NEW YORK STATE UC. L. L. No. 1

168 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL for the Bronx Zoo, gifts of Mme. Chiang Kai-shek to the American people, had comfortable quarters on the boat deck. Due to the excess number of passengers the water supply of the Coolidge was exhausted and the ship’s evaporated sea water was not adequate for laundry and other unnecessary conveniences. To cap the cli¬ max the beer ran out, perhaps due to the lack of drinking water or perhaps due to the thirst of those passengers embarking in Honolulu where all liquor is locked up for the duration. However, Mr. and Mrs. Panda’s special attendant saw that they had regularly their mush of bamboo shoots and honey. * * * * Gone are the days when there was any distinc¬ tion between Commerce Foreign Service Officers and FEDERAL STORAGE State Foreign Service Officers. Commercial and non¬ commercial assignments are now interchangeable. A recent appointment of interest is that of JOEL C. COMPANY HUDSON who has just completed a tour of duty in the Department dealing with commercial affairs, as Every Modern Facility for the Safe Handling Assistant Commercial Attache at Montevideo. Mr. and Care of Household Treasures Hudson left on February 7 for his new post, flying with his wife and son, via the west coast and the Private Rooms for Furniture Bolivian Andes. * # * Cold Storage for Furs Look out for James Cagney’s new picture “Cap¬ Rug Cleaning and Storage tains of the Clouds” in which he takes the part of a Vault for Silverware Yankee in the Royal Canadian Air Force. There Home Inspection and Insurance Service are some good shots of the Parliament Buildings taken from the roof of our Legation, which is just Fumigation Chambers opposite. No, so far as we know, no F.S.Os. ap¬ Piano and Art Section pear in the film, but the Legation roof served as a Local and Long Distance Moving good stance for the Warner Bros, photographers. The picture is dedicated to the R.C.A.F. Packing and Shipping Lift Vans for Foreign Removals NEWS FROM THE FIELD (Hoicling Green Steel Vans) (Continued from page 147) ♦ Old de Lesseps and Eugenie, Gordon, Kitchener and Cromer; And the pyramids at sunset: 1701 Florida Ave. ADams 5600 Cairo, Shepherds, all the pageant WASHINGTON, D. C„ U.S.A. Passed before our youthful Consul. First, the early morning canter: Then to work—dull hours of coding, Officers Directors E. K. MORRIS BRUCE BAIRD Typing out the long despatches President CHARLES S. BAKER To a waiting State Department; HAROLD N. MARSH H. RANDOLPH BARBEE Vice-Pres. and Counsel DANIEL L. BORDEN While the vessels from the Indies JAMES M. JOHNSTON HENRY P. ERWIN Vice-Pres. and Treasurer D. P. GAILLARD Bringing spices, hidden treasure, H. RANDOLPH BARBEE Passed before the open window Secretary JAMES M. JOHNSTON PAUL E. TOLSON HAROLD N. MARSH Down the old Nile slowly gliding, Asst. Vice-Pres. ALLISON N. MILLER Gliding to the open ocean. S. WEBSTER ADAMS CARROLL MORGAN Asst. Vice-Pres. E. K. MORRIS Then the days spent on the desert. A. RUSSELL BARBEE DONALD F. ROBERTS From oasis to oasis, Asst. Treasurer GRIFFITH WARFIELD Bedouins his sole companions, Arabic his second language.

MARCH, 1942 169 Learning to respect the camel For his thirst resisting stomach And his playful way of biting. But a telegram, decoded, “S.P. Tuck assigned to Samsun, Should proceed on early notice As the Turks are giving trouble.” So our hero, nothing daunted, Looks up Samsun in the Atlas, Finds it sitting looking pretty On the Black Sea, west of Batum, In a pleasant grove of cactus, With a hinterland of bandits And malaria for companions. Youth, however, is romantic. After all, if poor Delilah Could put up with Samsun, Kippy Felt there must be something in it. But the months dragged pretty slowly, Long reports on Turkish forays; After months of World War struggles, Every now and then a cruiser With the Stars and Stripes to cheer him Entertainment for the bandits. This trade-mark Then malaria almost got him. So to Istambul our hero, is a symbol of (Constantinople’s bad for scanning.) Was transported on a stretcher, quality petroleum Where the Golden Horn revived him, Not to speak of Turkish ladies Gazing slyly through the lattice products. There is Of romantic looking harems. a Texaco Product Now, the Turkish question settled, Comes another summons, Russia, Seething with a revolution for every purpose. With the Bolsheviki seething, Needs a good and trained observer Who will keep the State Department Up to date on latest troubles; Vladivostok needs our Kippy. The Texas Company Through the Red Sea, past the Indies, Singapore, Hongkong and Shanghai, Manufacturers of On the Nippon Yusen Kaisha Sails our hero for Siberia. TEXACO Frozen safely for the winter With a spy glass for companion Petroleum Products And a saving sense of humor. All goes well. The Bolsheviki Thunder out denunciations Of the capitalistic system To the patient Yankee Consul, Who records their bearded tirades To a waiting State Department.

170 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL To the "Good Neighbor" Lands Beneath the Southern Cross BRAZIL • URUGUAY • ARGENTINA

Consult your Travel Agent or MOORE-McCORMACK /mat 5 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

But enough of steppes and Cossacks, For a visit to the Magyars, Vodka, caviar and mujiks. With their top boots brightly varnished Europe, poor old Europe, calling And their capes, with fur, hung sideways- There’s a League of Nations waiting, Proud possessors of the Danube, Opening of a great World’s Series Blue in waltzes, brown in water. And we need a trained observer. Then to Prague, where Czechoslovaks So the State Department wires: Bravely sought to hold their freedom “Turn your footsteps to Geneva.” ’Gainst the intrigues raised against them, All this was but preparation For the task that lay before him, In the four full years that followed, When the news was swiftly wired: Not a subject was forgotten “Tuck is needed now in Paris.” In the list of questions covered By our versatile observer. Now began a four-year service Opium and poppy culture, In that loveliest of cities; Slavery—both white and negro—- Champs Elysses in the springtime, Naval armament, and warfare With the chestnut trees in blossom; In its complicated phases, Sidewalk cafes filled with tables; Economic-trade relations—- Merry-go-rounds making music; All these subjects, many others, Children whipping tops, and taxis Occupied the full attention Killing all who would oppose them. of our envoy to Geneva. Here he met the leading figures, Finished with these complex questions Talked with statesmen over vermouths, To the Embassy in Turkey Gave the press the inner secrets Goes our hero, for a sojourn. Which the Embassy is always Then ’tis Hungary that claims him Told it has—but hasn’t really.

MARCH,1942 171 S (a/ii

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Those were days of anxious watching, But the months flowed by so quickly Heavy clouds, already forming; Scarcely was our hero settled, And the sound of distant thunder, Deep in Walloon-Flemish problems, Like a storm in summer brewing, Than again the State Department While the tea and tennis parties Sent a rocket for assistance. Still continue, all unheeding, Of the first and ugly raindrops. Now another world is waiting, Such was Paris. And he studied Far removed from Europe’s problems, All the symptoms, noting; watching; Buenos Aires—Argentina, Anguished for a noble people Land of wide and open spaces. All unheeding what was coming. Purple land of brilliant sunsets, Martin Fierro and the gauchos, In these years of work and pleasure, Rio de la Plata—(silver? In these years of many triumphs, Silver as the azure Danube), Of the greatest was the conquest Sweeping, silent, to the ocean. Of that fair and noble lady, Who has shared the years that followed, Soon we find our hero settled, Bringing joy to all about her, Plunged in new absorbing problems— Pride and prestige to her country. Also plunged in perspiration— For the summer was upon him. But again, the cables buzzing, This time Belgium needs a couple How describe the years that followed, Who will understand its problems; Years of work and pleasure—friendships And the Tucks are indicated. Formed to last unbroken. Fishing, Brussels, with its ancient churches, For the gay dorado, rainbow, Bruges and Ghent, so lately ravished Ever now and then some poker, By an infidel invader, Though, on this, the less the better, Proud and stately, noble Belgium. Charlie Neyer may be present.

172 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Golf, and singing at Tortugas To the mighty bass of Griffith. And the sad laments of Louis As he sends his last pelota, Gone to join its hundred fellows In the water of the Fifth hole. Months of toil and months of labor, While Ambassadors are absent, Lolling on the sands at Palm Beach, Swimming in the cool Maine waters.

But again the tocsin’s sounded, And the State Department’s calling In a voice that must be answered: “We’ve a job of rare importance, One that years of preparation, Knowledge of the language, people, Sympathy, to meet their problems, All are needed. Where to find him? Who can fill the role at Vichy?” Here you are not more than 25 minutes from aircraft Though we know the answer—hoping plants, movie and radio studios, or the commercial center of Los Angeles, yet you are surrounded by 11 Still to keep him with us, deafly luxurious acres of flowers, palms and gardens. You are Turn our ears in the direction in the very center of all the fun and life of Los Angeles. Of the waiting State Department, But to no avail. Like thunder BEVERLY HILLS HOTEL Rolling, comes the grave insistance BEVERLY HILLS, CALIFORNIA “Tuck is needed; we must have him, Only he can serve our purpose; Solve the problems that confront us.”

So, reluctantly, we yield him Yield him with a final blessing— All success upon the mission That’s before him. Don’t forget us, Think, from time to time, of bifes, Here in far off Argentina, Waiting for that promised visit. Raise our glasses—here’s to Kippy, Kippy and his fair senora, Adios and hasta luego. EVERY PAY-DAY . . . their share toward Victory!

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MARCH, 1942 173 THE BOOKSHELF republics. Considering the significance of the eco¬ (Continued from page 264) nomic and strategic relationships which now prevail, it appears that in a volume of approximately 400 GOOD NEIGHBORS: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Sev¬ pages, these fourteen countries are rather summar¬ enteen Other Countries, by Hubert Herring, Yale Uni¬ ily dismissed. These few pages show some evidence versity Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 1941, pp. 380. of hasty preparation, but the expenditure of 250 $3.00. pages on the ABC countries made it impossible to devote sufficient space to the other republics and at This book may be briefly described as a sociologi¬ the same time to compress the book within the ordi¬ cal approach to the problem of inter-American un¬ nary limits of a volume attempting a wide sale. derstanding. The author brings fresh suggestions as to the path Mr. Herring might have taken as his text Matthew which the United States (the public, educators, busi¬ 7:3: “And why beholdest thou the mote that is in nessmen as well as the Government) should take in thy brother’s eye, but considerest not the beam that Latin American policy: one of them is that Mr. is in thine own eye?” The motes that are in our Henry Ford could emulate Cecil Rhodes by endow¬ brothers’ eyes are failures to develop to the full the ing scholarships. For the officers of the State De¬ economic and political potentialities of a demo¬ partment responsible for the conduct of inter-Amer¬ cratic way of life; the beam in our own eye is the ican relations, Mr. Herring has high commendation. same shortcoming. Comparisons are made to demon¬ Administratively, he suggests the opening of more strate that: Municipal elections in Argentina “are consulates in South America. probably as fair as those in Chicago, and better Mr. Herring’s conclusions, in a series of keen than those of Jersey City”; The status of many questions, raise issues which give ample proof of Peruvian farm laborers is similar to that of our his imagination and sense of historical perspective. sharecroppers; There are Chilean counterparts of They are highly recommended to those who are not our itinerate lumber and fruit workers; The way intellectual stand-patters. of the Negro is immeasurably easier in Brazil than WILLARD F. BARBER. in the United States; Miners’ wages paid in com¬ pany scrip, company stores with excessive prices, mean housing—these conditions exist in both South DEPENDENT AREAS IN THE POST-WAR WORLD, by Arthur N. Holcombe, Professor of Government, Har¬ and North America. vard University (World Peace Foundation, 1941, 94 Mr. Herring’s book is replete with figures. Most pages, cloth edition—50 cents, paper edition—25 pages are dotted with numbers, percentages and pro¬ cents.). portions which, in many cases, produce a memorable impression. One per cent of the total area of Brazil This is a concise and well-organized review of the is under cultivation; Costa Rica boasts more school question of dependent areas and includes citations teachers than soldiers. Seventy-four per cent of the of all the important sources. Dr. Holcombe speaks Argentine population is urban. Whereas eighty-eight highly of the Permanent Mandates Commission of per cent of the world’s rubber came from Brazil in the League of Nations and expresses the view that 1910, now but one per cent comes from that source. whatever form of organization may presently be Uruguay, thirteenth in population among the twenty adopted to provide for the collective security of Latin American nations, is seventh in the volume mankind, the model for the special organ of inter¬ of her exports. national supervision and control in the government Herring is interested in the press and pays fine of dependencies is the Permanent Mandates Com¬ compliments to the editors, con¬ mission. In the matter of the re¬ tributors, and publishers of Ar¬ sponsibility of the United States gentina, Colombian and Chilean toward the Philippine Islands, newspapers. He also comments Dr. Holcombe expresses the view on educational facilities, svstems that there is no good reason why of land tenure, the conditions of the United States should not ac¬ work, real wages, and the other cept a mandate for the comple¬ elements that go to make up a standard of living. tion of its tutelage over the Phil¬ The author devotes but forty- ippine Commonwealth in return five pages to Uruguay, Paraguay, for a guaranty of independence Bolivia, Peru, , and nine by the powers collectively. Central American and Caribbean CABOT COVILLE.

174 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL DIAMOND GUT DIAMOND (Continued from page 151) “Not with my horse you won’t,” he replied. ij Canned Salmon “Oh! you won’t go? Well now that creates a An Appetizing, Nu¬ new situation.” There were a couple of policemen on the corner. I called them over. “Look here,” tritious, Easily Kept I said, “I wish you would enlighten this fellow in and Transported regard to the law governing public conveyances. Sea Food I hired him by the hour for a drive about the city. Now he refuses to go where I want him to go. It’s ASSOCIATION OF PACIFIC true is it not, that under the terms of his license he FISHERIES must go anywhere within the city limits where there SKINNER BLDG., SEATTLE is a thoroughfare open for traffic?” Of course the officer told him I was right. Then my cocchiere blurted out, “But my horse can’t do that hill again.” “Ah! ha!” I said, “You heard that. He has a THE FESSENDEN SCHOOL horse incapable of traversing the streets of the city. WEST NEWTON Take his number and give him up to the Questura tomorrow.” MASSACHUSETTS “Oh! can that stuff,” my cabby interrupted. “My For Young Boys horse ’ll go up all right.” The Fessenden School was founded in 1903 to prepare boys of six to fourteen for the secondary “Good! Then proceed,” I said. I really did not schools. It is particularly designed to give these want the poor beast to do that pull again and was young boys a wholesome introduction to school life. on the point of telling him to make for home when American diplomatic and consular officers who desire to offer to their sons early in life the best he pulled another smart one. 1 noticed that he traditions of American education are cordially in¬ glanced at the clock on the prefettura and 1 twigged vited to write for a catalogue. what he was up to. “I suppose that your wonderful regulations will give a fellow a chance to water his horse,” was his rejoinder. “Certainly, but not on my time. Go on to the trough in the Piazza Stesicoro Mercato. We’ll de¬ To the foreign Service Officers duct the time.” “No you won’t,” he exclaimed, rather exultingly, of the United States “Your hour is up.” Just then the clock struck the half hour. ♦ “Oh so it is,” I replied, “But I’ll take you for another hour.” THE UNITED STATES FIDELITY AND GUAR¬ Upon that utterance the fellow collapsed like a ANTY COMPANY puts at your disposal its serv¬ punctured balloon. But only for a moment. He ice in writing your bond. Special attention straightened up, turned around in his seat and in is given to the requirements of Foreign Serv¬ the most deferential manner exclaimed, “You win. ice Officers. Our Washington office specializes 1 should have known better than to match wits with a gentleman! I’ll take you home and we’ll call in this service. it quits.” So of course I told him to shove along. ♦ I gave him five lira when I alighted. After all he was well paid for his time. I had a lot of fun and UNITED STATES FIDELITY AND he, I am sure, learned a lesson. I suggested that GUARANTY COMPANY he not forget to do as the Romans do when he is Chris. A. Ebeling, Jr., Manager in Rome. So ended Ferrucio’s story. That incident made 1415 K ST., N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. Beppo, for that we learned was the coachman’s Telephone—National 0913 name, our willing servitor ever afterwards. He virtually dogged our steps whenever he saw any Write for your copy of the "Insurance Guide.” of us on the streets and hovered about our evening haunts.

MARCH, 1942 175 IN MEMORIAM The Honorable Paul Kna- benshue, Minister to , on February 1, 1942, at his post.

STATEMENT BY THE SECRE¬ TARY OF STATE I have learned with pro¬ found regret of the death, at Baghdad, of Mr. Paul Kna- benshue, the American Min¬ ister Resident. Mr. Knaben- shue was one of the Depart¬ L.ONG active in promoting commerce Paul Knalienshue ment’s outstanding experts among the peoples of the Americas, on the Near East, having the Chase National Bank today is in the served in that area for more than thirty years. Dur¬ ing that period, he passed through many political vanguard of those institutions which are crises, the most recent of which was in May of fostering Pan-American relations by the last year, when he and nearly two hundred Ameri¬ promotion of trade and travel. can and other nationals were besieged in the American Legation at Baghdad for over a month. His coolness and courage on that occasion undoubt¬ THE CHASE NATIONAL BANK edly saved the lives of many of the persons who OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK took refuge at his Legation. For this action he re¬ Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ceived the official commendation of this Govern¬ ment and the thanks of the British Government. Mr. Knabenshue’s death is a great loss to the De¬ partment which he faithfully served for more than FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL thirty-five years. * * * * SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTIONS The Honorable Willys C. Cook, former Minister Your relatives and friends will welcome to Venezuela, died on , 1942. this intimate news about the Service, the people in it and its work. Send them a subscription at our special rate

*T HE JOURNAL offers to each active and as¬ AIR TRAINING PLAN OF THE sociate member of the American Foreign Serv¬ BRITISH COMMONWEALTH ice Association the privilege of subscribing (Continued from page 139) for the JOURNAL for or on behalf of rela¬ tives and friends at the rate of $2 per year. “But we made it, with 15 gallons of petrol left.” Each member may use up to five of these They made it. Just that and nothing more—no special subscriptions. Please use the coupon heroics—just, “we made it.” below. Fifteen gallons of petrol represents barely a few SPECIAL OFFER minutes flying time—scarcely enough for the huge AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, Stirling to have made a single circuit of the airo- Care Department of State, drome. Washington, D. C. When men like that are produced it can be said Please send the JOURNAL for one year that the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan To has done a good job of work. And that is the great task of the British Common¬ Send bill for $ wealth Air Training Plan. It is the task of creating To a huge reservoir of youth and gallantry which will play a major part ultimately in establishing our air superiority over the forces of the enemy.

176 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL THE NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES AT WAR (Continued from page 129) Up to January 30th the Dutch fleet and airforce had sunk or damaged the following Japanese ships: 1 capital ship, 10 cruisers, 7 destroyers, 24 transport ships, 1 seaplane tender, 1 passenger liner transport ship, 1 lighter, 1 cargo ship and 3 tankers. This is only the Dutch score. Heavy toll has also been in¬ flicted on the Japanese by American, British and Australian action. Nevertheless, the Japanese ef¬ forts, notwithstanding the heavy losses, have been largely successful to date. It may be assumed that the Japanese, after the fall of Singapore, will direct their next main attack against the Dutch islands of Java and Sumatra. Especially Java is well protected though it should have more planes, tanks and ammunition. The troops have been well trained and there is no doubt that Java will be defended to the last man. However, to defend an island of the size of Java against such a powerful enemy as the Japanese forces, an abun¬ dance of equipment is required. And there is no abundance. There can be no doubt that the Japanese will attack Java with all their force. The problem of the defense of Java has become mainly a prob¬ lem of speeding up the supply of war materials. Trained soldiers to man the planes and tanks are available, but there should be more material. Washington's The loss of Java and Sumatra would mean a major setback to the Allies. It would vastly increase Japanese domination; it would mean that the last allied base in that region has, for the time being Finest Hotel at least, been lost; and it would seriously endanger Australia. It would mean that all the oil, as already ■ Favorite meeting place of For¬ mentioned, would have to be transported along a supply line of thousands of miles, and it certainly eign Service men in the Nation’s would mean considerable prolongation of the war. Capital. Four blocks from the De¬ Last, but not least, it would open the way for pos¬ partment of State. Convenient to sible Japanese domination of the Indian Ocean. all points of interest in Washing¬ ton. Exclusive Men’s Bar. Famous food. Coffee Shop. Cay Cocktail TENNIS MATCH? The American Consul, Calcutta. Dear Sir: Lounge. Air Conditioned in the For Immigration Entering America summer. Single Rooms from $4 Purpose: for human matching: with Miss Ruth Double Rooms from $6 Aarons, NEW YORK, and settlement is pending confirmation. ra^tu’ Suites from $15 I request you by this presentation of this card to permit me for entering NEW YORK under immigra¬ _flVFL0UJER tion Laws of U.S.A. As regards the cause for same WASHINGTON, D. C. is for the above purpose. The inhabitant of above name is a Table tennis champion. C. J. MACK, General Manager Yours faithfully,

MARCH, 1942 177 SELECTED QUESTIONS FROM The School With THE THIRD GENERAL FOR¬ "Classrooms" All EIGN SERVICE EXAM- INATION OF 1941 Over The World (Continued from page 134) Give Your Child a Broad, government by landowners ( ) Useful Education Wherever government by the well born ( ) You May Be buried ( ) For 34 years, Calvert Home Instruction Courses have been used by Foreign pompous i_ ( ) Service Officials, Army and Navy Officers, missionaries, and others traveling turbulent ( ) or living in foreign countries, to provide their children education right in their own homes. More than 60,000 children have been educated through person about to die _ ( ) these Courses, in 40 different countries. person slowly starving ( ) FROM KINDERGARTEN UP TO HIGH SCHOOL person reluctant to depart ( ) Calvert Home Instruction Courses give your child a superior education—a sound foundation in fundamentals and a broad cultural education as well. person of sickly constitution ( ) Calvert instruction keeps them well ahead, enabling them to enter the best American schools, without loss, on return to the States. vagary ( ) The Courses are the same as used in the famous 4 5-year-old Calvert Day prophesy ( 1 School at Baltimore, especially adapted for home instruction and used suc¬ cessfully the world over. Supplied complete, with guidance and grading by fermentation ( ) the school, instructions for the parent, all books and other materials, at very purification _ ( ) low cost. No previous teaching experience needed by parent. Write today for Catalog giving complete information. Give the age of your child and unwavering determination ( ) schooling up to present time. ambiguous expression ( ) hidden meaning ( ) faint desire ( ) CALVERT 0 SCHOOL capable of development ( ) 133 E. TUSCANY ROAD BALTIMORE, MD„ U. S. A. capable of movement ( ) penetrable ( ) passable ( ) to perceive ( ) to quicken ( ) Latin American Institute to corrupt ( ) to revive ( ) 11 West 42nd Street, New York musical instrument. ( ) PREPARES CANDIDATES FOR STATE DEPARTMENT sailing vessel f ) EXAMINATIONS IN ALL SUBJECTS WITH horned animal ( ) EMPHASIS ON LATIN AMERICA choral song ( ) BOTH DAY AND EVENING CLASSES ANSWERS TO 1941 SELECTED QUESTIONS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR THIRD GENERAL—TYPE C For catalogue write J. ANGEL, Director. 1 to foreshadow, 2 environment, 3 simultaneously attractive and repulsive, 4 elevation to mind of things celestial, 5 opposed to the doctrine that the ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★ moral law is obligatory, 6 sententious saying, 7 to * assume presumptiously, 8 austere or binding, 9 * w e will Doml you woven fabric, 10 pertaining to landed property, 11 Bonds executed hereafter by the * guide, 12 contemporary, 13 act of uniting in a GENERAL CASUALTY COMPANY OF AMERICA series, 14 accompanying, 15 to express disapproval * For Foreign Service Officers and Vice Consuls * of, 16 state of disuse, 17 cleansing agent, 18 convey¬ * at 20% DISCOUNT * ing instruction, 19 delaying, 20 to efface, 21 divisi¬ From Prevailing Rates ble, 22 degression, 23 devoted to an idealistic pro¬ * * gram, 24 relations between an organism and its HORACE F. CLARK & SON environment, 25 development outside the body, 26 * General .4gcnts * common to both sexes, 27 adapted to display, 28 917 - 15TII STREET, NORTHWEST WASHINGTON, D. C. overstrained, 29 reddish, 30 character of a people, 31 bleached, 32 substitution of a pleasant expres¬ ★ ¥¥*¥■*¥**** ★ sion for a disagreeable one, 33 excessive elegance of

178 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL language, 34 to irritate, 35 extirpation, 36 liar, 37 jocose, 38 seditious, 39 artificial, 40 stupid, 41 wild, IF THE OCCASION IS 42 counterfeit, 43 unruly, 44 disgusting, 45 scale, WORTH CELEBRATING... 46 pertaining to agriculture, 47 pertaining to the sense of taste, 48 priest, 49 characterized by exhor¬ tation, 50 tending to deceive, 51 candid, 52 dolor¬ Wire FLOWERS ous tirade, 53 holy war, 54 upholder of the prin¬ ciples of liberty, 55 to scheme, 56 magician, 57 to • No other remem¬ move languidly, 58 beggary, 59 menacing, 60 caus¬ brance expresses tic, 61 lowest point, 62 immaturity, 63 pernicious, your sentiments so 64 oral, 65 unyielding, 66 burdensome, 67 rewritten, perfectly 68 encomium, 69 gigantic, 70 advocate, 71 self¬ NAtl. 4276 contradictory statement, 72 false perception, 73 a Authorized F.T.D. Member 1212 F Street N. W. passing over with brief mention, 74 ostentatiously Washington, D. C. learned, 75 capable of being clearly understood, 76 Greek of Istanbul, 77 sounding with deep reverbera¬ tion, 78 to portend, 79 endowed with foresight, 80 preliminary remarks, 81 characterized by obtuse¬ ness, 82 habitually complaining, 83 former, 84 rea¬ soning, 85 revival, 86 to lacerate, 87 melancholy, 88 shrill, 89 to do more than is recpiired by duty, 90 to follow closely in time, 91 to sigh, 92 authority of a state exercising control over another state, 93 gov¬ ernment by priests, 94 pompous, 95 person of sick¬ ly constitution, 96 prophesy, 97 faint desire, 98 capable of development, 99 to corrupt, 100 sailing vessel.

VISITORS The following visitors called at the Department during the past month: January Walter Smith, Canton 14 Nelson J. Riley... _ 14 Mrs. Horace H. Smith 14 Frederick P. Latimer, Jr., Istanbul 14 Benedict J. Dulaski, Budapest - 15 Powhatan M. Baber, Department of State 15 Bromley Smith, La Paz 15 George W. Phillips, Jr., Department of State 15 Mahlon F. Perkins, Copenhagen 17 Dent R. Spaur, Department of State 17 F. Willard Calder, London . 19 Hugh Watson, Capetown 20 Thomas H. Robinson, Vancouver 20 Mary E. Tandy, Shanghai 20 Arthur L. Richards, Capetown 20 G. Wallace LaRue, Bombay 20 William E. Krieger, Madrid 22 Clifton R. Wharton, Monrovia 23 John L. Topping, Acapaleo 23 Selden Chapin, Montevideo 23 Bernard Gufler, Department of State 26 John Randolph, Belfast 26 Stephen B. Vaughn, Berlin 26 George D. Lamont. Department of State 26 John F. O’Grady, Department of State 27 B. Miles Hammond, Halifax 27 John M. McSweeney, Lagos ..... 28 G. Vaughn Ferguson, Jr., Tehran 28

MARCH, 1942 179 Charles W. Coop, 28 Homer M. Byington, Montreal 28 W. Frank Lehus, Jr., Puerto Cortes 29 Walter W. Orebaugh, Nice 30 David J. D. Myers, retired 30 William Duff __ 30 Horton R. Tilford 31 February Leonard J. Cromie, Leopoldville 2 Thomas M. Dell, Department of State 2 Carlos J. Warner, Loanda 2 Byron B. Snyder, Department of State 2 Allen Dewey, Department of State 2 George J. Haering, Department of State 2 John C. Shellock, Lima . 2 L. A. France, Ottawa _ i_, _ 2 Einar Strom, Jr. 3 Ralph C. Getsinger, Bern .._ . 3 J. Kittredge Vinson, Rangoon : 4 Albert H. Cousins, Jr., Tegucigalpa 4 William H. Christensen, Barbadas 4 Samuel G. Ebling, Izmir r ... 6 Ralph C. Busser, retired 6 Vincent R. Goswich, Berlin 6 James K. Penfield, Godthaab 7 Leo J. Callahan, Pernambuco 7 NORTH AMERICA Harold M. Collins, Tampico i 7 T. H. Chylinski, Warsaw 7 Joel C. Hudson, Montevideo 7 SOUTH AMERICA Stanley M. Howe, Department of State 9 William P. Blocker, Cuidad Juarez 9 E. Talbot Smith, Asmara , 9 CENTRAL AMERICA James W. Boyd, Managua 9 Lawrence Kuinaird, Santiago de Chile 9 Robert Denhardt, Porto Alegre 9 or n CARIRREAN A. G do Stephenson, Jr r 9 L. M. Harrison, Bern J 9 Ware Adams, London 10 PANAMA CANAL S. E. Williams, San Jose 10 Archie F. Brandt, Tehran 10 John Alton Adams, Ankara 11 Leen Koopman .... 12 Lincoln MacVeagh, Reykjavik 13 Edward Sparks, Port-au-Prince 13 GRACE LINE Hubert Maness, Manaos 13 Edward P. Lawton, Ciudad Trujielo 13 628 Fifth Avenue (Rockefeller Center) or Gordon H. Browne 14 10 Hanover Square, New York Stanley H. Matthews, Jr., Asuncion 16 Douglas Jenkins, Jr., Stockholm 16 914 - 15th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Robert E. Wilson, Bahia Blanca 17 Howard C. Bowman, Glasgow 17 Agents and Offices in all principal cities James C. Bell, Madrid 17 Robert M. Taylor, Tientsin. 18 Ivan B. White, Rio de Janeiro 18 FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES (Continued from page 164) Walter W. Wiley of Salisbury, North Carolina, American Vice Consul at Marseille, France, has been appointed American Vice Consul at Antofa¬ gasta, Chile. The assignment of Archer Woodford of Paris, Kentucky, as American Consul at Bombay, India, has been canceled. In lieu thereof, Mr. Woodford has been assigned American Consul at Guatemala. Guatemala.

180 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL G r\ THE ST. MORITZ!

In the *Army ... the *Navy ... the *State De¬ partment and other branches of the govern¬ ment, you’ll find many persons who prefer the St. Moritz to any other New York hotel. But there are many other reasons why you’ll find the St. Moritz well-suited to your needs. Its park location assures extreme quiet. Its restaurants serve the most varied and delicious food in Manhattan. And its rates will make your visit inexpensive and enjoyable. 1000 rooms with bath and radio from $4 for one person • from $8 for two persons Suites from $8 per day

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JT MORITZ ON-THE-PARK 50 CENTRAL PARK SOUTH, NEW YORK Personal Direction: S. Gregory Taylor

tew Welcome Home

Our Foreign Department, particularly, extends a friendly greet¬ ing to American Foreign Service members and their families. Skilled and tactful linguists are here to put visitors entirely at ease. The Waldorf’s “About-the-City” Bureau will be glad to suggest worthwhile places to see, interesting things to do.

★

Special 25% Discount to Active Members of the American Foreign Service. The Waldorf-Astoria

Park Avenue • 49th to 50th • New York