S4 Ancient Rome Ancient Rome Was One of the Greatest and Most Important Civilisations in History

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S4 Ancient Rome Ancient Rome was one of the greatest and most important civilisations in history. It lasted for over one thousand years and can be credited for having a major influence on Western culture. Its impact is still seen today in politics, engineering, architecture, language, and literature. The city of Rome was founded in 753 BC. According to legend, the two sons of Mars, the god of war, named Romulus and Remus founded the city. They fought, and Romulus killed Remus. Romulus became king and Rome was ruled by kings for the next two hundred and forty years. Rome first became powerful as a republic and stayed a republic from 509 BC until 45 BC. This meant its leaders were elected and served for a limited amount of time, unlike kings, who are born into their role. The Romans had a complex system of government with a constitution and written laws. These concepts served to form many other democracies even two millennia later, such as The United States. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar made himself the first dictator of Rome. This signalled the end of the Roman Republic. His reign did not last for long, however, as he was assassinated just one year later. Throughout this time Augustus Caesar had been gaining power and in 27 BC became the first Roman Emperor and thus, the Roman Empire was born. Although much of the lower level government stayed the same, the Emperor now had supreme power. As the Roman Empire grew, it became more and more difficult to manage. So much so, that in 395 AD, it split into two empires. The Western Roman Empire was ruled out of Rome. The Eastern Roman Empire was ruled out of Constantinople (today’s Istanbul, Turkey). The Eastern Roman Empire would later become known as the Byzantine Empire. The Visigoths, a nomadic Germanic people, invaded Rome in 410 AD and for the first time in almost one thousand years, Rome was under the power of someone other than the Romans. In 476 AD, the last Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus was defeated by the German Goth Odoacer. This resulted in the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Byzantine Empire would continue its rule for almost another one thousand years, until it fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. .

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Introduction
Cambridge University Press 0521003938 - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus Edited by Karl Galinsky Excerpt More information Introduction Karl Galinsky S he age of Augustus continues to fascinate. For good reason: T it was unquestionably one of the pivotal periods of western history, if not world history. Its monuments and art still vividly speak to us today as do its writers: Vergil, Horace, and Ovid in particular. At center stage, of course, is the young heir of Caesar, only eighteen years old at the time his adoptive father was cut down. A charismatic personality, maybe; a flamboyant one, no; but surely one as multifaceted as the arts, politics, and social developments of the time and, certainly, the Roman empire that he accumulated, tirelessly expanded (we should not be fooled by his parting admonition to Tiberius), helped shape, and unified – which does not mean homogenized – to an unprecedented degree. In structural and material terms, a basis was laid for the system called the principate that lasted for more than 200 years; the birth of Christ during his era may convince even agnostics of divine foresight. Great periods in world history and their leading figures are des- tined to keep attracting attention and undergo changing evaluations. There is more to that than the perpetually grinding mills of the scholarly (re)interpretation industry, spurred on by the usual academic rewards. Even outside this sphere, the process of reception is ever changing and shaped by multifarious factors, consumers, and producers. Every age brings its own perspectives to those before it. Such perspectives tend to be far from monolithic because they often reflect contemporary ten- sions.
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Former Political Prisoners and Exiles in the Roman Revolution of 1848
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1989 Between Two Amnesties: Former Political Prisoners and Exiles in the Roman Revolution of 1848 Leopold G. Glueckert Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Glueckert, Leopold G., "Between Two Amnesties: Former Political Prisoners and Exiles in the Roman Revolution of 1848" (1989). Dissertations. 2639. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/2639 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1989 Leopold G. Glueckert BETWEEN TWO AMNESTIES: FORMER POLITICAL PRISONERS AND EXILES IN THE ROMAN REVOLUTION OF 1848 by Leopold G. Glueckert, O.Carm. A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 1989 Leopold G. Glueckert 1989 © All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As with any paper which has been under way for so long, many people have shared in this work and deserve thanks. Above all, I would like to thank my director, Dr. Anthony Cardoza, and the members of my committee, Dr. Walter Gray and Fr. Richard Costigan. Their patience and encourage ment have been every bit as important to me as their good advice and professionalism.
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Ancient Rome
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^ney //n-ivm'iU^ ,-^ ^ c/6..y/io>^^ ^y^' wen^ 7/fm rr.jt/i/ </ l(f////</•/mi THE ROMAN THEOCRACY AND THE REPUBLIC .S«a_ The Roman Theocracy and The Republic 1846-1849 BY R. M. JOHNSTON Hontion MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY I9CI jill rights reserved j1(?7^^ HE:NRY morse STePHCNS- — —— CONTENTS CHAPTER I Some Antecedents of the Roman Theocracy PAGE The Papacy and the Roman Empire— Continuity of traditions—Struggle be- tween North and South—Rise of Italian nationalism—Strength and weakness of the Popes—Character of the Italians — Conditions in the States of the Church—Secret Societies—The Memorandum of 183 1 Papal justice—Finance—Administration—The rule of the Theocracy Death of Gregory XVI I CHAPTER n The Election of Pius IX The Amnesty The Conclave summoned—Nationalist influences —The Primato and Ultimi Cast—The Bishop of Imola—His personality and opinions—The Papal election—Lambruschini and Micara—Proclamation of Pius IX—His first acts —The Amnesty—Popular enthusiasm— Metternich's foreboding . 29 CHAPTER HI Italian Sentiment and Parties Unrest of the Peninsula—Kingdom of Sardinia—The Austrian provinces and regime—The writers — Double current of nationalist sentiment— Mazzini and the Gio-vane Italia—Rise and fall of his popularity— Gioberti— His correspondence with Mazzini—The Primato—A remarkable prophecy Balbo—D' Azeglio—His interview with Charles Albert —Antagonism of democrats and Albertists . -41 511196 — ri THE ROMAN THEOCRACY CHAPTER IV Early Months of the Pontificate—The Congress of Genoa PAGE Popularity of Pius —Difficulty of his position—The Gregorian party opposes him— Gizzi State Secretary—First attempts at reform—Sanfedist agitation — Failure of crops Scientific Congresses Nationalist — — enthusiasm .
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Roman Art from the Louvre
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The Roman Empire. Or Republic. Or...Which Was It?: Crash Course
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Welcome to the Source of Data on Calendars
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4-7 100-1 B.C. Political History
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